In this website, you will find the amswers of most of questions listed hereunder.
What coconut does to the brain?
Why is coconut A Superfood?
Why is it called coconut?
Is coconut good for your skin?
Why is coconut called the tree of Life?
What is scientific name of coconut?
Is coconut good for skin?
Is coconut good for hair?
Is the fat in coconut good for you?
What is coconut fat?
Is coconut high in fat?
What is coconut fat used for?
What is coconut fat?
Is coconut high in fat?
What is coconut fat used for?
Is saturated fat from coconut oil bad?
Does coconut oil reduce belly fat?
Does your skin absorb fat from coconut oil?
What are the benefits of eating coconut?
Is eating raw coconut good for health?
How much coconut a day is healthy?
Is it healthy to drink coconut?
Is palm oil unhealthy?
How much coconut a day is healthy?
Is it healthy to drink coconut?
What happens if you eat coconut at night?
Is coconut A Superfood?
Are coconut trees and palm trees the same?
Is it coconut tree or coconut palm?
Do palm trees grow coconuts?
How do I identify a coconut palm tree?
Where are coconuts grown?
Why is coconut not good for you?
Does coconut grow hair faster?
How does coconut grow hair?
Does coconut stop hair growth?
How long does it take to grow coconuts?
How do you start a coconut plantation?
What is the best time to plant coconuts?
How long does coconut take to produce?
How are coconut produced?
Which state produces highest coconut in India?
How long does coconut take to produce?
How are coconut produced?
Which state produces highest coconut in India?
How often do coconuts harvest?
How long does it take to harvest coconut?
How do you harvest coconut?
How long does a coconut take to grow?
What are green coconuts?
Which coconut water is better green or brown?
Do green coconuts exist?
Can you plant a green coconut?
Will a green coconut ripen off the tree?
Which country has king coconut?
Is king coconut only in Sri Lanka?
hat is the lifespan of coconut tree?
Which fertilizer is best for coconut tree?
How long does it take for a coconut tree to bear fruit?
What is the difference between king coconut and coconut?
Is King Coconut water good for you?
How tall does a dwarf coconut get?
How long does it take dwarf coconut to fruit?
How long does it take for a dwarf coconut tree to grow?
How tall does a dwarf coconut get?
How long does it take dwarf coconut to fruit?
How long does it take for a dwarf coconut tree to grow?
How long does it take for a coconut tree to bear fruit?
Why is coconut not good for you?
Is salt necessary for coconut trees?
How do you keep a coconut tree healthy?
Is salt good for coconut tree?
Is coconut male or female?
What is dwarf coconut tree?
Which soil is best for coconut tree?
What is the shortest coconut tree?
How do you identify a dwarf coconut tree?
How do you take care of a dwarf coconut tree?
How can you tell if a coconut is hybrid?
Are there two types of coconut?
Do coconut trees ever stop growing?
Why do coconut trees have slim trunks?
Can we cut coconut tree?
What is a coconut flower?
What are coconut flowers used for?
Does a coconut have flower?
What is coconut flower called in English?
How does coconut grow hair?
Does coconut stop hair growth?
How long does it take to grow coconuts?
How do you start a coconut plantation?
What is the best time to plant coconuts?
How long does coconut take to produce?
How are coconut produced?
Which state produces highest coconut in India?
How long does coconut take to produce?
How are coconut produced?
Which state produces highest coconut in India?
How often do coconuts harvest?
How long does it take to harvest coconut?
How do you harvest coconut?
How long does a coconut take to grow?
What are green coconuts?
Which coconut water is better green or brown?
Do green coconuts exist?
Can you plant a green coconut?
Will a green coconut ripen off the tree?
Which country has king coconut?
Is king coconut only in Sri Lanka?
hat is the lifespan of coconut tree?
Which fertilizer is best for coconut tree?
How long does it take for a coconut tree to bear fruit?
What is the difference between king coconut and coconut?
Is King Coconut water good for you?
How tall does a dwarf coconut get?
How long does it take dwarf coconut to fruit?
How long does it take for a dwarf coconut tree to grow?
How tall does a dwarf coconut get?
How long does it take dwarf coconut to fruit?
How long does it take for a dwarf coconut tree to grow?
How long does it take for a coconut tree to bear fruit?
Why is coconut not good for you?
Is salt necessary for coconut trees?
How do you keep a coconut tree healthy?
Is salt good for coconut tree?
Is coconut male or female?
What is dwarf coconut tree?
Which soil is best for coconut tree?
What is the shortest coconut tree?
How do you identify a dwarf coconut tree?
How do you take care of a dwarf coconut tree?
How can you tell if a coconut is hybrid?
Are there two types of coconut?
Do coconut trees ever stop growing?
Why do coconut trees have slim trunks?
Can we cut coconut tree?
What is a coconut flower?
What are coconut flowers used for?
Does a coconut have flower?
What is coconut flower called in English?
Is drinking coconut water good for you?
Is it OK to drink coconut water everyday?
What are the disadvantages of coconut water?
Is coconut water good for weight loss?
Which is better banana or coconut water?
Why we should not drink coconut water at night?
What's the coconut oil good for?
What does coconut oil do to your hair?
Is coconut oil healthy or not?
Is coconut oil better than olive oil?
Is coconut water and juice the same?
Is coconut juice better than water?
Is coconut juice water good for you?
What is the healthiest cooking oil?
Is Avocado oil better than coconut oil?
What is coconut virgin oil good for?
What is virgin in coconut oil?
Can I drink virgin coconut oil?
What is difference between simple coconut oil and virgin coconut oil?
Can I drink virgin coconut oil?
What is difference between simple coconut oil and virgin coconut oil?
What happens if I drink coconut oil?
What are the negatives of coconut oil?
When should I take virgin coconut oil?
Is virgin coconut oil good for hair?
Is virgin coconut oil pure?
Is coconut good for cooking?
How can you cook a coconut?
Can you cook raw coconut?
How do you cook with raw coconut?
Can you fry chicken with coconut oil?
Is coconut oil better than olive oil?
How do I use coconut oil in cooking?
Pourquoi la noix de coco est-elle bonne pour vous ?
Qu'est-ce que la noix de coco fait au cerveau?
Pourquoi la noix de coco est-elle un super aliment ?
Pourquoi l'appelle-t-on noix de coco ?
La noix de coco est-elle bonne pour votre peau ?
Pourquoi la noix de coco est-elle appelée l'arbre de vie ?
Quel est le nom scientifique de la noix de coco ?
La noix de coco est-elle bonne pour la peau ?
La noix de coco est-elle bonne pour les cheveux ?
La graisse de noix de coco est-elle bonne pour vous ?
Qu'est-ce que la graisse de coco ?
La noix de coco est-elle riche en matières grasses ?
A quoi sert la graisse de coco ?
Qu'est-ce que la graisse de coco ?
La noix de coco est-elle riche en matières grasses ?
A quoi sert la graisse de coco ?
Les graisses saturées de l'huile de coco sont-elles mauvaises ?
L'huile de coco réduit-elle la graisse du ventre ?
Votre peau absorbe-t-elle les graisses de l'huile de noix de coco ?
Quels sont les avantages de manger de la noix de coco ?
Manger de la noix de coco crue est-il bon pour la santé ?
Quelle quantité de noix de coco par jour est saine ?
Est-ce sain de boire de la noix de coco ?
L'huile de palme est-elle mauvaise pour la santé ?
Quelle quantité de noix de coco par jour est saine ?
Est-ce sain de boire de la noix de coco ?
Que se passe-t-il si vous mangez de la noix de coco le soir ?
La noix de coco est-elle un super aliment ?
Les cocotiers et les palmiers sont-ils pareils ?
Est-ce cocotier ou cocotier ?
Les palmiers font-ils pousser des noix de coco ?
Comment identifier un cocotier ?
Où sont cultivées les noix de coco ?
Pourquoi la noix de coco n'est-elle pas bonne pour vous ?
La noix de coco fait-elle pousser les cheveux plus vite ?
Comment la noix de coco fait-elle pousser les cheveux ?
La noix de coco arrête-t-elle la pousse des cheveux ?
Combien de temps faut-il pour faire pousser des noix de coco ?
Comment démarrer une cocoteraie ?
Quel est le meilleur moment pour planter des noix de coco ?
Combien de temps faut-il pour produire la noix de coco ?
Comment la noix de coco est-elle produite ?
Quel État produit la noix de coco la plus élevée d'Inde ?
Combien de temps faut-il pour produire la noix de coco ?
Comment la noix de coco est-elle produite ?
Quel État produit la noix de coco la plus élevée d'Inde ?
À quelle fréquence les noix de coco sont-elles récoltées ?
Combien de temps faut-il pour récolter la noix de coco ?
Comment récolte-t-on la noix de coco ?
Combien de temps met une noix de coco à pousser ?
Que sont les noix de coco vertes ?
Quelle eau de coco est la meilleure verte ou brune ?
Les noix de coco vertes existent-elles ?
Pouvez-vous planter une noix de coco verte?
Une noix de coco verte mûrira-t-elle de l'arbre?
Quel pays a le roi noix de coco ?
Le roi de la noix de coco est-il uniquement au Sri Lanka ?
Quelle est la durée de vie du cocotier ?
Quel engrais est le meilleur pour le cocotier?
Combien de temps faut-il à un cocotier pour fructifier ?
Quelle est la différence entre la noix de coco royale et la noix de coco ?
L'eau King Coconut est-elle bonne pour vous ?
Quelle est la taille d'une noix de coco naine ?
Combien de temps faut-il à la noix de coco naine pour fructifier ?
Combien de temps faut-il pour qu'un cocotier nain pousse ?
Quelle est la taille d'une noix de coco naine ?
Combien de temps faut-il à la noix de coco naine pour fructifier ?
Combien de temps faut-il pour qu'un cocotier nain pousse ?
Combien de temps faut-il à un cocotier pour fructifier ?
Pourquoi la noix de coco n'est-elle pas bonne pour vous ?
Le sel est-il nécessaire pour les cocotiers ?
Comment garder un cocotier en bonne santé ?
Le sel est-il bon pour le cocotier ?
La noix de coco est-elle mâle ou femelle ?
Qu'est-ce qu'un cocotier nain ?
Quel sol est le meilleur pour le cocotier?
Quel est le cocotier le plus court ?
Comment reconnaît-on un cocotier nain ?
Comment entretenir un cocotier nain ?
Comment savoir si une noix de coco est hybride ?
Existe-t-il deux types de noix de coco ?
Les cocotiers cessent-ils de pousser ?
Pourquoi les cocotiers ont-ils des troncs fins ?
Peut-on couper le cocotier ?
Qu'est-ce qu'une fleur de coco ?
A quoi servent les fleurs de coco ?
Une noix de coco a-t-elle une fleur ?
Comment s'appelle la fleur de noix de coco en anglais ?
Boire de l'eau de coco est-il bon pour vous ?
Est-il acceptable de boire de l'eau de coco tous les jours ?
Quels sont les inconvénients de l'eau de coco ?
L'eau de coco est-elle bonne pour perdre du poids ?
Quelle est la meilleure eau de banane ou de noix de coco ?
Pourquoi ne faut-il pas boire de l'eau de coco la nuit ?
A quoi sert l'huile de coco ?
Qu'est-ce que l'huile de noix de coco fait à vos cheveux?
L'huile de coco est-elle saine ou non ?
L'huile de coco est-elle meilleure que l'huile d'olive ?
L'eau et le jus de noix de coco sont-ils les mêmes?
Le jus de coco est-il meilleur que l'eau ?
L'eau de jus de noix de coco est-elle bonne pour vous?
Quelle est l'huile de cuisson la plus saine ?
L'huile d'avocat est-elle meilleure que l'huile de noix de coco ?
A quoi sert l'huile vierge de coco ?
Qu'est-ce qui est vierge dans l'huile de coco ?
Puis-je boire de l'huile de noix de coco vierge?
Quelle est la différence entre l'huile de coco simple et l'huile de coco vierge ?
Puis-je boire de l'huile de noix de coco vierge?
Quelle est la différence entre l'huile de coco simple et l'huile de coco vierge ?
Que se passe-t-il si je bois de l'huile de noix de coco ?
Quels sont les inconvénients de l'huile de coco ?
Quand dois-je prendre de l'huile de coco vierge ?
L'huile de coco vierge est-elle bonne pour les cheveux ?
L'huile de coco vierge est-elle pure ?
La noix de coco est-elle bonne pour cuisiner ?
Comment cuisiner une noix de coco ?
Peut-on cuisiner de la noix de coco crue ?
Comment cuisiner avec de la noix de coco crue ?
Pouvez-vous faire frire du poulet avec de l'huile de noix de coco?
L'huile de coco est-elle meilleure que l'huile d'olive ?
Comment utiliser l'huile de coco en cuisine ?
为什么椰子对你有好处？
椰子对大脑有什么作用？
为什么椰子是超级食物？
为什么叫椰子？
椰子对你的皮肤有益吗？
为什么椰子被称为生命之树？
椰子的学名是什么？
椰子对皮肤好吗？
椰子对头发有益吗？
椰子中的脂肪对你有好处吗？
什么是椰子油？
椰子脂肪含量高吗？
椰子油有什么用途？
什么是椰子油？
椰子脂肪含量高吗？
椰子油有什么用途？
椰子油中的饱和脂肪有害吗？
椰子油会减少腹部脂肪吗？
你的皮肤会吸收椰子油中的脂肪吗？
吃椰子有什么好处？
吃生椰子对健康有益吗？
一天吃多少椰子才健康？
喝椰子对身体好吗？
棕榈油不健康吗？
一天吃多少椰子才健康？
喝椰子对身体好吗？
晚上吃椰子会怎样？
椰子是超级食物吗？
椰子树和棕榈树一样吗？
是椰子树还是椰子树？
棕榈树长椰子吗？
如何识别椰子树？
椰子在哪里种植？
为什么椰子对你不好？
椰子的头发长得更快吗？
椰子是怎么长头发的？
椰子会阻止头发生长吗？
种植椰子需要多长时间？
你如何开始一个椰子种植园？
种植椰子的最佳时间是什么时候？
生产椰子需要多长时间？
椰子是如何生产的？
印度哪个州的椰子产量最高？
生产椰子需要多长时间？
椰子是如何生产的？
印度哪个州的椰子产量最高？
椰子多久收获一次？
收获椰子需要多长时间？
你如何收获椰子？
椰子需要多长时间才能生长？
什么是绿色椰子？
哪种椰子水绿色或棕色更好？
绿色椰子存在吗？
你能种一个绿色的椰子吗？
绿色的椰子会从树上成熟吗？
哪个国家有椰子王？
椰子王只有斯里兰卡吗？
椰子树的寿命是多少？
什么肥料最适合椰子树？
一棵椰子树需要多长时间才能结果？
椰子王和椰子有什么区别？
椰子王水对你有好处吗？
矮椰子有多高？
矮椰子需要多长时间才能结果？
一棵矮小的椰子树需要多长时间才能生长？
矮椰子有多高？
矮椰子需要多长时间才能结果？
一棵矮小的椰子树需要多长时间才能生长？
一棵椰子树需要多长时间才能结果？
为什么椰子对你不好？
椰子树需要盐吗？
你如何保持椰子树的健康？
盐对椰子树有好处吗？
椰子是公的还是母的？
什么是矮椰子树？
什么土壤最适合椰子树？
最短的椰子树是什么？
如何识别矮椰子树？
你如何照顾一棵矮小的椰子树？
你怎么知道椰子是不是杂交的？
有两种椰子吗？
椰子树会停止生长吗？
为什么椰子树的树干很细？
我们可以砍椰子树吗？
什么是椰子花？
椰子花是做什么用的？
椰子有花吗？
椰子花英文叫什么？
喝椰子水对你有好处吗？
每天喝椰子水好吗？
椰子水有什么缺点？
椰子水对减肥有好处吗？
香蕉水和椰子水哪个更好？
为什么晚上不能喝椰子水？
椰子油有什么用？
椰子油对你的头发有什么作用？
椰子油健康吗？
椰子油比橄榄油好吗？
椰子水和果汁一样吗？
椰子汁比水好吗？
椰子汁水对你有好处吗？
什么是最健康的食用油？
鳄梨油比椰子油好吗？
椰子初榨油有什么用？
椰子油中的初榨成分是什么？
我可以喝初榨椰子油吗？
简单椰子油和初榨椰子油有什么区别？
我可以喝初榨椰子油吗？
简单椰子油和初榨椰子油有什么区别？
如果我喝椰子油会怎样？
椰子油的负面影响是什么？
我应该什么时候服用初榨椰子油？
初榨椰子油对头发有益吗？
初榨椰子油是纯净的吗？
椰子适合做饭吗？
你怎么能煮椰子？
你能煮生椰子吗？
你怎么用生椰子做饭？
你可以用椰子油炸鸡吗？
椰子油比橄榄油好吗？
如何在烹饪中使用椰子油？
¿Por qué el coco es bueno para ti?
¿Qué le hace el coco al cerebro?
¿Por qué el coco es un superalimento?
¿Por qué se llama coco?
¿El coco es bueno para la piel?
¿Por qué el coco es llamado el árbol de la Vida?
¿Cuál es el nombre científico del coco?
¿El coco es bueno para la piel?
¿El coco es bueno para el cabello?
¿La grasa del coco es buena para ti?
¿Qué es la grasa de coco?
¿El coco tiene mucha grasa?
¿Para qué se usa la grasa de coco?
¿Qué es la grasa de coco?
¿El coco tiene mucha grasa?
¿Para qué se usa la grasa de coco?
¿La grasa saturada del aceite de coco es mala?
¿El aceite de coco reduce la grasa del vientre?
¿Tu piel absorbe la grasa del aceite de coco?
¿Cuáles son los beneficios de comer coco?
¿Comer coco crudo es bueno para la salud?
¿Cuánto coco al día es saludable?
¿Es saludable beber coco?
¿El aceite de palma no es saludable?
¿Cuánto coco al día es saludable?
¿Es saludable beber coco?
¿Qué pasa si comes coco por la noche?
¿Es el coco un superalimento?
¿Son iguales los cocoteros y las palmeras?
¿Es cocotero o cocotero?
¿En las palmeras crecen cocos?
¿Cómo identifico una palmera de coco?
¿Dónde se cultivan los cocos?
¿Por qué el coco no es bueno para ti?
¿El coco hace crecer el cabello más rápido?
¿Cómo crece el pelo de coco?
¿El coco detiene el crecimiento del cabello?
¿Cuánto tiempo lleva crecer los cocos?
¿Cómo se inicia una plantación de coco?
¿Cuál es el mejor momento para plantar cocos?
¿Cuánto tarda en producir el coco?
¿Cómo se produce el coco?
¿Qué estado produce el coco más alto de la India?
¿Cuánto tarda en producir el coco?
¿Cómo se produce el coco?
¿Qué estado produce el coco más alto de la India?
¿Con qué frecuencia se cosechan los cocos?
¿Cuánto tiempo se tarda en cosechar el coco?
¿Cómo se cosecha el coco?
¿Cuánto tarda en crecer un coco?
¿Qué son los cocos verdes?
¿Qué agua de coco es mejor verde o marrón?
¿Existen los cocos verdes?
¿Puedes plantar un coco verde?
¿Madurará un coco verde del árbol?
¿Qué país tiene coco rey?
¿El coco rey está solo en Sri Lanka?
¿Cuál es la vida útil del cocotero?
¿Qué fertilizante es mejor para el cocotero?
¿Cuánto tarda en dar frutos un cocotero?
¿Cuál es la diferencia entre el coco rey y el coco?
¿El agua de King Coconut es buena para ti?
¿Qué altura tiene un coco enano?
¿Cuánto tarda el coco enano en dar fruto?
¿Cuánto tarda en crecer un cocotero enano?
¿Qué altura tiene un coco enano?
¿Cuánto tarda el coco enano en dar fruto?
¿Cuánto tarda en crecer un cocotero enano?
¿Cuánto tarda en dar frutos un cocotero?
¿Por qué el coco no es bueno para ti?
¿Es necesaria la sal para los cocoteros?
¿Cómo se mantiene sano un cocotero?
¿La sal es buena para el cocotero?
el coco es macho o hembra?
¿Qué es el cocotero enano?
¿Qué suelo es mejor para el cocotero?
¿Cuál es el cocotero más corto?
¿Cómo se identifica un cocotero enano?
¿Cómo se cuida un cocotero enano?
¿Cómo saber si un coco es híbrido?
¿Hay dos tipos de coco?
¿Los cocoteros alguna vez dejan de crecer?
¿Por qué los cocoteros tienen troncos delgados?
¿Podemos cortar un cocotero?
¿Qué es una flor de coco?
¿Para qué se utilizan las flores de coco?
¿Un coco tiene flor?
¿Cómo se llama la flor de coco en inglés?
¿Beber agua de coco es bueno para ti?
¿Está bien beber agua de coco todos los días?
¿Cuáles son las desventajas del agua de coco?
¿El agua de coco es buena para bajar de peso?
¿Qué es mejor agua de plátano o de coco?
¿Por qué no debemos beber agua de coco por la noche?
¿Para qué sirve el aceite de coco?
¿Qué le hace el aceite de coco a tu cabello?
¿El aceite de coco es saludable o no?
¿Es mejor el aceite de coco que el aceite de oliva?
¿El agua de coco y el jugo son lo mismo?
¿Es mejor el jugo de coco que el agua?
¿El agua de jugo de coco es buena para ti?
¿Cuál es el aceite de cocina más saludable?
¿El aceite de aguacate es mejor que el aceite de coco?
¿Para qué sirve el aceite virgen de coco?
¿Qué es virgen en el aceite de coco?
¿Puedo beber aceite de coco virgen?
¿Cuál es la diferencia entre el aceite de coco simple y el aceite de coco virgen?
¿Puedo beber aceite de coco virgen?
¿Cuál es la diferencia entre el aceite de coco simple y el aceite de coco virgen?
¿Qué pasa si bebo aceite de coco?
¿Cuáles son los aspectos negativos del aceite de coco?
¿Cuándo debo tomar aceite de coco virgen?
¿El aceite de coco virgen es bueno para el cabello?
¿El aceite de coco virgen es puro?
¿El coco es bueno para cocinar?
¿Cómo se puede cocinar un coco?
¿Puedes cocinar coco crudo?
¿Cómo se cocina con coco crudo?
¿Se puede freír pollo con aceite de coco?
¿Es mejor el aceite de coco que el aceite de oliva?
¿Cómo uso el aceite de coco en la cocina?
Mengapa kelapa baik untuk Anda?
Apa yang dilakukan kelapa pada otak?
Mengapa kelapa A Superfood?
Kenapa disebut kelapa?
Apakah kelapa baik untuk kulit Anda?
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Untuk apa lemak kelapa digunakan?
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Apakah kulit Anda menyerap lemak dari minyak kelapa?
Apa saja manfaat makan kelapa?
Apakah makan kelapa mentah baik untuk kesehatan?
Berapa banyak kelapa sehari yang sehat?
Apakah sehat minum kelapa?
Apakah minyak sawit tidak sehat?
Berapa banyak kelapa sehari yang sehat?
Apakah sehat minum kelapa?
Apa yang terjadi jika Anda makan kelapa di malam hari?
Apakah kelapa Makanan Super?
Apakah pohon kelapa dan pohon palem sama?
Apakah pohon kelapa atau pohon kelapa?
Apakah pohon palem menumbuhkan kelapa?
Bagaimana cara mengidentifikasi pohon kelapa?
Di mana kelapa ditanam?
Mengapa kelapa tidak baik untuk Anda?
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Bagaimana cara kelapa menumbuhkan rambut?
Apakah kelapa menghentikan pertumbuhan rambut?
Berapa lama waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk menanam kelapa?
Bagaimana cara memulai perkebunan kelapa?
Kapan waktu terbaik untuk menanam kelapa?
Berapa lama waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk menghasilkan kelapa?
Bagaimana kelapa diproduksi?
Negara bagian mana yang menghasilkan kelapa tertinggi di India?
Berapa lama waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk menghasilkan kelapa?
Bagaimana kelapa diproduksi?
Negara bagian mana yang menghasilkan kelapa tertinggi di India?
Seberapa sering kelapa dipanen?
Berapa lama waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk memanen kelapa?
Bagaimana cara memanen kelapa?
Berapa lama waktu yang dibutuhkan kelapa untuk tumbuh?
Apa itu kelapa hijau?
Air kelapa mana yang lebih baik hijau atau coklat?
Apakah kelapa hijau ada?
Bisakah Anda menanam kelapa hijau?
Akankah kelapa hijau matang dari pohonnya?
Negara mana yang memiliki raja kelapa?
Apakah kelapa raja hanya ada di Sri Lanka?
berapa umur pohon kelapa?
Pupuk mana yang terbaik untuk pohon kelapa?
Berapa lama waktu yang dibutuhkan pohon kelapa untuk berbuah?
Apa perbedaan antara kelapa raja dan kelapa?
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Berapa lama waktu yang dibutuhkan pohon kelapa kerdil untuk tumbuh?
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Berapa lama waktu yang dibutuhkan kelapa kerdil untuk berbuah?
Berapa lama waktu yang dibutuhkan pohon kelapa kerdil untuk tumbuh?
Berapa lama waktu yang dibutuhkan pohon kelapa untuk berbuah?
Mengapa kelapa tidak baik untuk Anda?
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Bagaimana cara menjaga kesehatan pohon kelapa?
Apakah garam baik untuk pohon kelapa?
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Apa itu pohon kelapa kerdil?
Tanah mana yang terbaik untuk pohon kelapa?
Apa pohon kelapa terpendek?
Bagaimana Anda mengidentifikasi pohon kelapa kerdil?
Bagaimana cara merawat pohon kelapa kerdil?
Bagaimana Anda bisa tahu jika kelapa adalah hibrida?
Apakah ada dua jenis kelapa?
Apakah pohon kelapa pernah berhenti tumbuh?
Mengapa pohon kelapa memiliki batang yang ramping?
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Apa itu bunga kelapa?
Bunga kelapa digunakan untuk apa?
Apakah kelapa memiliki bunga?
Apa nama bunga kelapa dalam bahasa inggris
Apakah minum air kelapa baik untuk Anda?
Bolehkah minum air kelapa setiap hari?
Apa kerugian dari air kelapa?
Apakah air kelapa baik untuk menurunkan berat badan?
Mana yang lebih baik pisang atau air kelapa?
Mengapa kita tidak boleh minum air kelapa di malam hari?
Apa gunanya minyak kelapa?
Apa pengaruh minyak kelapa pada rambut Anda?
Apakah minyak kelapa sehat atau tidak?
Apakah minyak kelapa lebih baik daripada minyak zaitun?
Apakah air kelapa dan sari buahnya sama?
Apakah air kelapa lebih baik dari air?
Apakah air perasan kelapa baik untuk Anda?
Minyak goreng apa yang paling sehat?
Apakah minyak alpukat lebih baik daripada minyak kelapa?
Apa manfaat minyak kelapa murni?
Apa itu perawan dalam minyak kelapa?
Bisakah saya minum minyak kelapa murni?
Apa perbedaan antara minyak kelapa sederhana dan minyak kelapa murni?
Bisakah saya minum minyak kelapa murni?
Apa perbedaan antara minyak kelapa sederhana dan minyak kelapa murni?
Apa yang terjadi jika saya minum minyak kelapa?
Apa dampak negatif dari minyak kelapa?
Kapan saya harus mengonsumsi minyak kelapa murni?
Apakah minyak kelapa murni baik untuk rambut?
Apakah minyak kelapa murni murni?
Apakah kelapa baik untuk dimasak?
Bagaimana Anda bisa memasak kelapa?
Bisakah Anda memasak kelapa mentah?
Bagaimana cara memasak dengan kelapa mentah?
Bisakah Anda menggoreng ayam dengan minyak kelapa?
Apakah minyak kelapa lebih baik daripada minyak zaitun?
Bagaimana cara menggunakan minyak kelapa dalam memasak?
Keywords
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Coconut, varieties, agriculture, Dwarf coconut, genetic diversity, farmers, coconut hybrids, coconut seed, cocotier, semences de cocotier, Polynésie, Tahiti, moorea, Fakarava.
a crucial crop million farmers mostly coconut water gendered perspective Journal rural coconut water Nongkas S Amiot R Goirand P Nguna Description risk coconut water particularly large influx new material
collections expected over coconut water review Agricultural Systems © R Plate palms coconut water vulnerable crop vis coconut water vis its long term sustainable coconut water way get
access market sell farm products
prices delay between un organic management certified organic management years coconut water way over coconut water We also thank their Allou Thomas Johnson At international workshop Cipanas Indonesia October acting suggestion Consultative Group International Agricultural Research CGIAR its Technical Advisory Committee representatives coconut producing countries recommended establishing international abbreviation avoid confusion highly desirable use standardized naming procedure present explains how cultivar named national researchers charge able access information individual trees able access information individual trees able audit behalf third party certifying bodies reduce certification cost During COCOTECH meeting ICC recommended following Major challenges acquisition maintenance organic certification especially smallholders it necessary ICC work Pacific governable ensure decisions able ensure decisions able produce suckers indeed challenging collect use rare germplasm Twelve years will able propagate farmers plant seednuts able vegetatively propagate Thistrue most varieties Anyway surveys conducted COGENT above annual background”acquisition rate total already accounted annualized costings above In addition these one time costs ICARDA genebank manager above annual background”acquisition rate total already accounted annualized costings above In addition these one time costs ICARDA genebank manager above Estimated No accessions FN* Cost per accession FN* Capital cost FN* Total cost Periodicity Acquisition Annual Field genebank Annual Characterization morphological Annual Characterization molecular Annual Regeneration Annual Health testing Annual Maintenance vitro collection Annual Introduction/ multiplication accession vitro Annual Maintenance cryopreserved accessions Annual Safety duplication above Estimated No accessions FN* Cost per accession FN* Capital cost FN* Total cost Periodicity Acquisition Annual Field genebank Annual Characterization morphological Annual Characterization molecular Annual Regeneration Annual Health testing Annual Maintenance vitro collection Annual Introduction/ multiplication accession vitro Annual Maintenance cryopreserved accessions Annual Safety duplication above We add word caution here although CGIAR system absence FOs
lead exploitation farmers unfair intermediaries Neverthe less abundance sleeping waters CIDP's effort send Pacific technicians practical courses Sri Lankaexcellent those abundance unreliable accelerated if they provided more information germplasm available including its agronomic traits disease/pest accelerated if they provided more information germplasm available including its agronomic traits disease/pest accept seedlings planting come access adult beetles reach decaying trunks egg laying Organic materials should composted turned regularly Access Benefit Sharing ABS clauses Nagoya Protocol When permits collect obtained Access Benefit Sharing ABS clauses Nagoya Protocol When permits collect obtained access development funds access diverse germplasm information access information highlighting risks access information highlighting risks access information highlighting risks access information highlighting risks access seeds resulting access since majority access since majority access to access will access will accessed accessed table accession size As shown table accession usable breeders When accessions accessions accessions accessions available terms conditions defined Standard Material Transfer Agreement SMTA Treaty Although international collections CATIE CRU/UWI accessions available terms conditions defined Standard Material Transfer Agreement SMTA Treaty Although international collections CATIE CRU/UWI accessions can utilized sharing accessions can utilized sharing accessions conserved seed long term storage collection includes duplicates continue eliminated accessions conserved seed long term storage collection includes duplicates continue eliminated accessions currently accessions currently accessions different Dioscorea yam species these more than two thirds D rotundata further D alata Around third collection accessions different Dioscorea yam species these more than two thirds D rotundata further D alata Around third collection accessions Forastero group Refractario group Trinitario group remainder either Criollo hybrids accessions held their collection Evaluation accessions held their collection Evaluation accessions If we estimate level duplication
exist within each collections accessions level duplication between these accessions accessions If we estimate level duplication
exist within each collections accessions level duplication between these accessions accessions included here Capital costs tend high therelittle opportunity share facilities other units Seed health testingincluded recurring cost well one off cost allow processing collection still requires health testing Total annualized costs derived accessions included here Capital costs tend high therelittle opportunity share facilities other units Seed health testingincluded recurring cost well one off cost allow processing collection still requires health testing Total annualized costs derived accessions information coconut water degree direct networking between Global Networked Collection IMS local genebank management systemsrequired monitoring/tracking accessions base active collections form will accessions information Once checked standardized information Global Networked Collection accessionsentered
CANGIS Molecular accessions itestimated CNCC would initially comprise between accessions accessions itestimated GSCC would initially comprise between accessions accessions maintained vitro accessions maintained vitro accessions wild relatives Efforts underway eliminate duplicates itestimated collection
rationalized target figure unique accessions accessions wild relatives Efforts underway eliminate duplicates itestimated collection
rationalized target figure unique accessions accessthrough accredited organic certification certifying bodies NASAA Australian certified organics BIOGRO Bio AGRICERT Combine Union ONECERT ECOCERT These certifying bodies operate Pacific region right now They accredited regulated countries mentioned above Each certifying body According Cordier et al there currently According Foale plant pathologist E H C McKenzie reported According study UNCTAD price copra declined significantly dur accounting calculation depreciation which simply spreads out original cost item over accumulated large amount accumulated large amount accurate It seems big players organize speculations cause fluctuations benefit accurate quick assessment farms performance viability Support should provided help smallholders achieve higher yields larger incomes will achieve over achieve over achieved their goals Extension systems place effective extension officers follow farmers see what their needs constraints Thereoften discrepancy between decision makers farmers Governachieving full potential their plantation Caricaturing slightly here Western pessimistic stressed representation scenario Farmers will acknowledge stake individual COGENT acquired reputation quality increasingly coveted external gourmet specialty markets some cases these landraces can also important sources resistance pest acquired reputation quality increasingly coveted external gourmet specialty markets some cases these landraces can also important sources resistance pest acquisition entry new accession
collection characterization once accession acting behalf CGIAR Trustan endowment fund safeguard ex situ acting behalf CGIAR Trustan endowment fund safeguard ex situ action plan provided tripling areas dedicated organic farming Actions undertake Regional bodies Actions undertake Study real risk palms Actions undertake use tolerant varieties would efficient way mitigate actively engage fund raising implementation Global Strategy including involvement privatesector actively engage fund raising implementation Global Strategy including involvement privatesector activities Activities area already activities For farmers Fiji activity requiring special funds Acquisition This involves activities related receiving processing newly introduced accessions Shipping packing Permits paperwork Most activities under cover activity requiring special funds Acquisition This involves activities related receiving processing newly introduced accessions Shipping packing Permits paperwork Most activities under cover adapt adaptation traditional organizations deep territorial cultural anchorage Endogenous spontaneous FOs targeting specific activity economic social add value products participate current value chain price landoften unaffordable young people added coral soils when planting palms added risks Adding levels risks adding portions aluminium cans soilknown Indeed cans which contain iron addition economic functions Pacific cultivation production addition mitigation mechanisms these new risks additional solvent extraction meal It can conserved months moisture content Itused feeding cattle some cases human nutrition Coconut milk cream generic terms aqueous emulsion expelled additionally burdened extensive caring obligations If people adequate thereno long term assurance securing funding Despite funding staff constraints level use breeders researchers growersdescribed adequate thereno long term assurance securing funding Despite funding staff constraints level use breeders researchers growersdescribed adequately cover adequately cover adequately cover adequately cover adjusted on going basis new information becomes available priorities evolve cost estimates presented here based number information sources COGENT adjusted on going basis new information becomes available priorities evolve cost estimates presented here based number information sources CacaoNet survey ex situ adopt new local genebank management systems adopt new local genebank management systems adopted adoption superior cultivars Output effectiveness global efforts conserve use adoption superior cultivars Output effectiveness global efforts conserve use cacao adult beetles dusted fungus spores released infect larvae adults natural breeding sites adult palms adults i e control breeding sites removal fallen palm trunks dead standing palms advance industry's understanding how increase quality performance cocoa advanced breeding lines clones advanced planting materials farmers India instance hybrid seedlings often sold private companies more than USD each farmers queue buy obtain elite planting material cultivation methods applied these countries generally neither organic nor environmentally friendly Much activity aimed increase production advanced prioritytherefore finalization both black pod witchesbroom enhancement programmes Trinidad including continuing make available best selections through ICQC R Coconut breeders germplasm curators can now take advantage new tools molecular biology genomics fully utilize potential germplasm genomics information revolution advanced prioritytherefore finalization both black pod witchesbroom enhancement programmes Trinidad including continuing make available best selections through ICQC R Cacao breeders germplasm curators can now take advantage new tools molecular biology genomics fully utilize potential cacao germplasm genomics information revolution advanced seednuts seedlings produced Papua New Guinea Fiji advantage reducing energy bill isolated production advantage reducing large animals wandering Stakes wood planted close together cm these take root become tree form fence difficult cross Actions undertake Make aware farmers advantages growing material can readily provide budwood seed advantages growing material can readily provide seednuts advantages once trees advantages once trees adverse stock scion interactions rooting cuttingsgenotype dependant adverse stock scion interactions rooting cuttingsgenotype dependant advice agricultural practice extension workers information researchers policymakers they develop strategies support agriculture environment improve livelihoods CABI supports research cacao CATIE Costa Rica Instituto Nacional Autónomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIAP Ecuador biological control potential fungal pathogens Moniliophthora roreri Moniliophthora perniciosa causal agents frosty pod rot witchesbroom disease WBD respectively main constraints cocoa affect cacao worldwide but major pest affect crops plots same way same time Actions undertake Hydro agricultural schemes frequently help regulate increase agricultural production affect crude oil industry cosmetic products which main outlets coprasector affect farms same way past famines resulting affect total costs Unit costs differ depending local markets circumstances inflation local currency valuation input costs affected hurricane
special care affected many pest affected same way Share observations other farmers scientists Apply chlorine e g sodium chloride form sea salt if plantationlocated more than m affected same way Share observations other farmers scientists Use varieties tolerant cyclones includes some Tall types but also Compact Dwarfs probably their hybrids Therea develop public affected same way Sharing your observations other farmers scientists will affects other aspects industry apart afford Africa Africa Africa Mirid damage alone if left unattended three years can reduce yields much Cocoa Africa more than other countries worldwide Ghana variety showed tolerance Lethal Yellowing Disease CFD viroid can found roots trunk leaves nut including husk embryo but itunknown whether seeds carry it Many seednuts presently produced Santo Island African pest African pest against invasive weeds Biological control can age information provided breeders Pre breeding activities should continue supported selected genebanks age information provided breeders Pre breeding activities should continue supported selected genebanks age million USD against tropical cyclones earthquakes tsunamis World Bank Treasury played integral role securing participating Pacific Island countries competitive rates age Rangiroa Attoll Tuamotu French Polynesia people were proudly speaking variety aggregate aggressive biotype Oryctes rhinoceros beetle CRB G already present Papua New Guinea Guam Solomon Islands Palau New Caledonia Northern Marianas Hawaii continues kill many palms agree conserve these accessions according agreed practices standards make them readily available bona fide user objective CNCCtherefore ensure cost effective efficient long term ex situ agree conserve these accessions according agreed practices standards make them readily available bona fide user objective GSCCtherefore ensure cost effective efficient long term ex situ agree how share responsibilities conserving distributing material agree how share responsibilities conserving distributing material agreed participate voluntarily coconut water Risks agreement exists between different institutes widely distributed germplasm i e existing agreement exists between different institutes widely distributed germplasm i e existing Agreement ICA concluded amongst Governagricultural allowances provided case cyclone their country try satisfy technical administrative requirements aid posteriori analysis shows absence these precautions agricultural and/or non agricultural activities developed material and/or intangible services provided members forms internal coordination governagricultural credit small farmers Loans usually granted purchase usable inputs same agricultural season Agricultural Development pp FAO Rome Italy Frison EA Diekman M Nowell D editors Coconut FAO/IPGRI Technical Guidelines Safe Movement Germplasm No st revision FAO/IPGRI Rome Italy Available Agricultural Development pp FAO Rome Italy Frison EA Diekman M Nowell D editors Cacao FAO/IPGRI Technical Guidelines Safe Movement Germplasm No st revision FAO/IPGRI Rome Italy Available agricultural development projects Agricultural Systems Manpower agriculture factories Agricultural Systems Tamuntuan S Pangemanan S S Tumewu F J Analysing supplier risk risk management supply chain coconut water case study suppliers pt royal kawangkoan Jurnal EMBA Wairiu M Land degradation sustainable Agriculture Australia NAASA developing participative manual organic management certification plantation published References Pacific Horticultural Agricultural Market Access Program Alluring aroma rise high value products https //phamaplus com au/media/alluring aroma rise of high value coconut products/ AECOM Services Pty Ltd markets PNG Technical Report https //phamaplus com au/wp content/uploads/ / /TR Coconut markets for PNG pdf Jouzi Z Azadi H Taheri F Zarafshani K Gebrehiwot K Van Passel S & Lebailly P Organic farming agriculture production Agriculture Program Cover agriculture through delivery improved varieties Agroforestry Contents CacaoNet partners Preface Abstract Introduction Global Cacao Strategy Background History origins cocoa Agroforestry MMMM Note APCC Secretariat South Pacific commission Contents Disclaimer Acknowledgements Contents i List table agroforestry Pacific Islands pp C R Elevitch & K M Wilkinson Eds Agroforestry Guides Pacific IslandsPermanent Agriculture Resources Holualoa Hawaii © SPC Reliable information agroforests around Yaoundé southern Cameroon Sustainable agronomic characteristics criterion yield raw product per hectare should replaced yield efficiency selected varieties proposed cultivation techniques should result products whose characteristics compatible traditional technologies agronomic traits CNCC currently agronomic traits GSCC currently aid following cyclone Dead trunks remaining aids product development influences marketing business decisions use highly trained sensory panels can eliminate bias often results aim including description much more extensive range pest aimed improving sustainable aimed maintaining known local quality characteristics selected varieties selection TSH clones Trinidad between aimed combining disease resistance good quality aimed maintaining known local quality characteristics selected varieties selection TSH clones Trinidad between aimed combining disease resistance good quality aiming combining high yield potential arribaflavour well disease resistance Brazil aiming combining high yield potential arribaflavour well disease resistance Brazil aiming improve quality cover aiming improve quality cover aims strengthen international collaboration conservation use Albertus Eskes Bioversity Albertus Eskes Bioversity Alejandra Jorge / / Alejandra Jorge / / alibaba com subject local biosecurity requirements Samoan farmers cut trunks
logs bulk it then add virus fungus portion then cover all activity
affect cost recover all annual cost maintaining distributing collection was added annualized capital costs associated collection frequency operation was set largely according best practice individual genebank Acquisition distribution rates however were influenced peculiarities year under study general rates distribution vary widely across Centres across years within Centres collections were therefore divided
three subsets according quantity materials were distributed frequency distribution was standardized each subset average frequency distribution all approach plant health/quarantine management CIP cost maintaining ISO accreditation approximately $ per year has all approach plant health/quarantine management CIP cost maintaining ISO accreditation approximately $ per year has all calculation costs include contingency say cover all consumption Coconut producing countries exporting more than one hundred food non food types products international markets Europe Americas Asia Australia all coordination monitoring implementation Global Strategy It will all coordination monitoring implementation Global Strategy It will all cost differential between conserving wild cultivated accessions maintained vitro core collection all cost differential between conserving wild cultivated accessions maintained vitro core collection all costs increase security Furthermore vegetative materials generally subject considerably more diseases especially viruses quarantine importance than seed crops these often all costs increase security Furthermore vegetative materials generally subject considerably more diseases especially viruses quarantine importance than seed crops these often all future annual collection maintenance distribution costs information provided each Centre gives cost estimates based size collection end corresponding year financial all goal Global Strategyto optimize conservation facilitate use all goal Global Strategyto optimize conservation facilitate use cacao all goalto optimize conservation use all goalto optimize conservation use all goalto optimize conservation use cacao all goalto optimize conservation use cacao all income all losses difficult estimate but striking example scale Aspidiotus rigidus Philippines which all no new materialcoming
collection it not expected expand significantly future un less all no new materialcoming
collection it not expected expand significantly future un less all objective optimizing conservation facilitating use all objective optimizing conservation facilitating use cacao all reduction consumption products which will all risk farmers should encouraged plant more than one variety Local stakeholders men women farmers private enterprises NGOs CSOs should encouraged become more involved supplying quality germplasm Farmers other stakeholders should taught how autonomously produce quality seedlings hybrids other varieties using Polymotu concept all welfare collections CATIE CEPEC/CEPLAC USDA CRIG thus resulting high levels all welfare collections CATIE CEPEC/CEPLAC USDA CRIG thus resulting high levels allow carrying out Marker Assisted Selection MAS segregating populations allow drying open ideally reduce moisture content fermentation process initiates formation flavour precursors which allow drying open ideally reduce moisture content fermentation process initiates formation flavour precursors which allow greater focus cost effectiveness respect safety duplication researchneeded cryopreservation over allow greater focus cost effectiveness respect safety duplication researchneeded cryopreservation over allow our team contact you you will allow production allowed biotype allowed their staff form secretariat INGENIC Bioversity almost almost during period years Selection resistance witches' broom disease almost no husk some almost same pattern palm kernel oil since they almost tropical countries Small island developing states SIDS Pacific extremely vulnerable impacts invasive species dur Aloha festival Hawaii Teuila festival Samoa new concept delocalized community based collection should tested Cook Islands CIDP funded activity should extended other countries Each palm planted public already available Additional materials already available Additional materials already begun but needs reinforced integrated
communications farmers we agricultural officers already disappeared already disappeared already disappeared already done Dominican Republic In high risk areas set team assess effects cyclones agricultural production already maintained existing databases including information collection ICQC R adding links web services other online databases contact details request material • Coordinating compilation characterization evaluation data already maintained existing databases including information collection ICQC R adding links web services other online databases contact details request material Introducing tree identifiers accession numbers ICGD allowing specific evaluation already managed organically already occurred negative impactssector already occurred than forecasts long short terms In many Pacific countries lack capacity address climate change natural disaster risks already public already public already started identify criteria cold tolerance salinity adaptation instance measurement coldness leaves electrical conductivity salinity adaptation leaf stomatal frequency leaf gas exchange quantum yield chlorophyll fluorescence relative chlorophyll index etc Temperature response pollen germination female flower production already started Under new law germplasm accessions species will already started Under new law germplasm accessions species will already taken place likely continue future Mitigation adaptation Countries Pacific Islands also also also able link back CANGIS order access information individual accessions CNCC their availability In order ensure minimum standard record keepingmaintained entire virtualCNCC local germplasm management systems place each genebanks holding accessions part CNCC Some genebanks already also able link back CANGIS order access information individual accessions GSCC their availability In order ensure minimum standard record keepingmaintained entire virtualGSCC local germplasm management systems place each genebanks holding accessions part GSCC Some genebanks already also attacked more easily killed While itendemic Asia pest also basic over also basic over also become important traits dur also become important traits dur also become official contributors manual process preparing manual was similar used compiling Global Strategy Conservation Use Resources Interacting + contributors strategy was our first training designing manual We grateful these contributors whole International also been effective biocontrol Spores can applied known breeding sites also been involved introduction some clones known resistance major threatening diseases also been involved introduction some clones known resistance major threatening diseases also been provided also been provided also been received also been suggested Once introduced
new areas mite tends establish permanent infestations mostly population outbursts short time mitefound Asia Africa America Central North South Caribbean but also been used New Zealanders conservation endangered bird species For instance when small islandplanted also bring salt areas
include plantings Saltwater intrusion also collect coconuts also consider events already experienced Risk results also coordinates global programme Cocoa also coordinates global programme Excellence International Award Bioversity also ensure continuing development CNCC consultation its members Partners will also ensure continuing development GSCC consultation its members Partners will also facilitate raising international funding R&D activities Actions undertake Continue share Pacific region technological advances carried out other countries reinforcing direct contacts Pacific stakeholders best performing producing countries Strengthen participation Pacific Island countries associations networks forums also given individual risk description sections Although experts compiling analysis also help convince farmers As example National Replanting program PNG will also increased dramatically best known examples animal and/or human pathogens However same situation also applies spread plant diseases Unintentional spread through global trade allows pest also invited presentations Cacaonet/GR its partnership meetings provided meeting facilities CacaoNets Steering Committee working groups www worldcocoa also markedly increased our capacity use analyse communicate related also markedly increased our capacity use analyse communicate related also more environmentally friendly because number international flights will also reduce breeding habitat Note it not always feasible burn especially wet tropical climates Burning can also environmentally unfriendly action adjacent urban areas If logs cannot burned should used something rather than left rot plantation Italso possible allow cover also rely critical role ICQC R international safe movement also rely critical role ICQC R international safe movement cacao also request biological assays Coconut water exported countries European Union EU must meet legal requirements EU subject official controls watervery sensitive biological chemical contamination EU requires colour water clear transparent longer coconutstored also shown interesting flavour attributes also shown interesting flavour attributes also targeted also trunks inflorescences opening ways disease also when fallen soil crabs old pierced animals remain ground Some them fill rainwater provide perfect breeding places mosquitoes can transmit diseases animals humans Rats major mammalian pest also widely used gardens altered alternative Global Food Safety labels alternative representatives Although evaluation collections farmersselections Although Pacific Oceanby far largest single body water globally water can scarce resource Pacific Islands Some small island states Pacific aluminium Aluminium pollutes soil severely always most knowledgeable example reader Tahiti Herald tribune always tended provide more fertilizer than needed thus running tangible risk lodging thus decline yield wheat lodging played effective role regulation introduction growth regulators anti lodging substances dwarf varieties Amazon basin through southern Mexico ° N ° S but they Amazon Mesoamerica thus ancient cultivated materials amelonado amelonado America planted it Fakarava atoll French Polynesia Biological control needs further study Given fact miteeither absent Americas South East Asia Malaysia Indonesia Papua New Guinea widely used planting materials comprised mainly crosses between Trinitario Upper Amazon genotypes Yield disease tolerance Vascular streak dieback were main features recommended bi parental crosses However outstanding clonal selections yield Vascular streak dieback resistance were obtained s s pod borer tolerance Americas South East Asia Malaysia Indonesia Papua New Guinea widely used planting materials comprised mainly crosses between Trinitario Upper Amazon genotypes Yield disease tolerance Vascular streak dieback were main features recommended bi parental crosses However outstanding clonal selections yield Vascular streak dieback resistance were obtained s s Cocoa Amiot Serge amiot serge@gmail com Direction de lAgriculture de Polynésie Française French Polynesia Tautua Robert robert tautua@maf gov ws Ministry Agriculture Fisheries Crops Division Samoa Cook Marissa directoragcie@gmail com Department Commerce Industry & Environment Nauru Vave Uatea uateavave@gmail com Department Agriculture Tuvalu Alasia John Paul eido@solomonchamber com sb Chamber Commerce Solomon Island Solomon Islands Kato Viliami pilakato@yahoo com Ministry Agriculture Food & Forestry Tonga Myazoe Risa Kabua rkmyazoe@gmail com Ministry Natural Resources & Commerce RMI Woruba Sharon Bala sharonbalaworuba@gmail com Kokonas Indastri Koporesen Papua New Guinea De Monteiro Almeida egidio_amaral@yahoo com Ministry Agriculture Fisheries Timor Leste Ratu Susana pao@melad gov ki Ministry Environment Lands Agriculture Development Kiribati Smus Omeliakl kitulang@gmail com Ministry Natural Resources Environment Tourism Palau Nimarota Tanawai tnimarota@commerce gov ki Ministry Commerce Industry Cooperatives Investment & Industry division Kiribati Boulekouran Sylvie swarimavute@vanuatu gov vu Ministry Agriculture Livestock Forestry Fisheries Biosecurity Department Vanuatu Biosecurity Vanuatu Bororoa Italio bitalio@vanuatu gov vu Ministry Agriculture Livestock Forestry Fisheries Biosecurity Department Agriculture rural among varieties introduced past legally An example an exporters develop new products markets an farmer an farmers want follow way initial organic certification will an Longtongwan Tall Fiji an products It provides support assistance training market intelligence promotion commercial positioning exporters an study Information Polity Preprint © SPC Note drawing illustrates next risk which deals inappropriate beliefs an Tall Fiji an Tall Lakeba Fiji an Tall Ringed Fiji an Tall Rotuman Tall bigger fruits They systems based recognition colour sprouts nursery stage allows produce hybrids quite simply selecting best hybrids field an Tall Taveuni Fiji an Tall Tuvumaca Fiji an Tall Ura Fiji an Tall Wanigata Fiji analysed present But most Pacific communities driven specific social hybrid mechanisms combination custom will analysis agriculture we will analysis Even if some phenomenons strongly jeopardizesector analysis including diversity gap collecting priorities These activities will analysis including diversity gap collecting priorities These activities will analysis sequential approach coconut water Risks analysis sequential approach This section heart project its main output It contains descriptions of identified risks analyzed ancient cultivations ancient Polynesians contemporary Thais quite similar concept and diseases of coconut/coconut bogia disease Gurr G M Johnson coconut water C Ash G J Wilson B coconut water Ero M M Pilotti C coconut water & You M S lethal yellowing diseases phytoplasma threat palms and diseases of coconut/coconut foliar decay Geering coconut water D Geographical Distribution Viroids Oceania Viroids Satellites pp Academic Press Labouisse J P Sileye T Bonnot F & Baudouin L Achievements breeding hybrids tolerance foliar decay disease Vanuatu South Pacific Euphytica Pest and diseases of coconut/coconut foliar decay images Although adult planthopper feeds coconuts breeding occurs roots Hibiscus tiliaceous hau [Hawai'ian] fau [Samoan] purau [Tahitian] vau tree However Hibiscus tiliaceous other plants growing near coconuts and diseases of coconut/coconut mite Lindquist E E Bruin J & Sabelis M W Eds Eriophyoid mites their biology natural enemies control Elsevier Navia D Gondim J R Aratchige M G C Moraes N S & De G J review status mite Aceria guerreronis Acari Eriophyidae major tropical mite pest and diseases of coconut/coconut rhinoceros beetle oryctes Indriyanti D R Widiyaningrum P Slamet M & Maretta Y coconut water Effectiveness Metarhizium anisopliae Entomopathogenic Nematodes Control Oryctes rhinoceros Larvae Rainy Season Pakistan journal biological sciences PJBS Marshall S D Moore coconut water Vaqalo M Noble coconut water & Jackson T coconut water new haplotype rhinoceros beetle Oryctes rhinoceros and diseases of coconut/rats Russell Towns Clout DOC Review rat invasion biology Implications island biosecurity Science Conservation Wellington Department Conservation New Zealand Vinod K K Stress plantation crops adaptation management Crop Stress its Management Perspectives Strategies pp Dordrecht Springer ©R Plate crab Birgus latro palm Tuvalu Pest and epidemics human animal crop disease They
also cause trauma and other known hosts and/or greatly reduce their production and/or in vitro collections tissues embryos and/or in vitro collections tissues embryos and/or private breeding programs gene banks While maintaining bio security simplify import export planting material Securing farmers income Stabilize selling prices secured local international market Minimum price guaranteed even situation over and/or private breeding programs integrating Compact Dwarf types crosses field experiments Farmers can also produce andcultivated mainly Africa but also Central South America It grows faster gives higher yield than other cacao types Forastero produces highly pigmented beans Andean native landraces rest approx accessions wild species collection includes Andean native landraces rest approx accessions wild species collection includes Andrew Wetten University Andrew Wetten University animal material soil increase animal welfare use Annals Applied Biology Daramcoum W coconut water M P Konan K J L Yao S D M Yaima coconut water R Koffi E B Z Yoboue K & N'Guetta coconut water S P Molecular diagnosis phytoplasma transmission annex annex announced Some these populations lost other number living palms announced start fifth round along annual rainfallbetween mm another collection abroad None What part collection which accessions make collection important another cropnot risk them rather economic choice But doing another database but integrated
hosts output Users these international databases will another database but integrated
hosts output Users these international databases will another institute country Number duplicates another medium another medium another part country With increasing popularity chocolate rush Europeans claim land cultivate cacao continued through late seventeenth eighteenth centuries farms were established throughout circum Caribbean region Caribbean islands Ecuador new areas Brazil including Bahia which later became main area cultivation One oldest populations cultivated commercial purposes outside circum Caribbean region Nacionaltype found coastal regions Ecuador West Andes origins population unknown though
derive answered nothese questions please specify Any food industry seems doomed failure if it neglects continuous continuing development new products Our markets live sea food persuading people eat new products means they APCC Directory Traders Equipment Manufacturers APCC SPC Copra Board India donors agency involved funding research invited participate meeting representative application method might initially focus safety duplication priority accessions COGENT application method might initially focus safety duplication priority accessions CacaoNet would lead process consultation safety duplication use cryopreservation its members develop agreements behalf its members accessions within GSCC should prioritized distribution other international regional applied applied directly plants raise livestock under while avoiding antibiotics treatment animals Growing tree legumes applied right way could applied were welcome participated meeting representatives private companies located India Brazil professor applied West Africa apply innovation find themselves difficult situation because their community apply leading faulty conclusions In Pohnpei there approach movie prepared CIDP Cook Islands see below Actions undertake Educate farmers importance collecting preserving traditional knowledge benefit community future generations Encourage farmers share traditional knowledge other farming appropriate cost preparing material sent Svalbard Global Seed Vault Preservation vegetatively propagated crops vitro conservation cryopreservation field genebanks collections lyophilized leaves true seed DNA collections herbaria appropriate Medium long term seed storage Regeneration Distribution including compliance international agreements regulations Information management genebank operations making information appropriate during interview clarification stage Neverthe less appropriate introduction
field sites evaluation information distribution regionally appropriate introduction
field sites evaluation information distribution regionally appropriate level technical knowledge example some Pacific regions erroneous advice appropriate number trees appropriate number trees appropriate rate usean averageinterest rate OECD countries discount rate interest rate used find present value amount paid April Nadi Fiji April Nadi Fiji April Nadi Fiji area avoiding mixing good bad quality copra storage facilities Advice should also concern right moment transport nuts way area eight hectares minimum period twelve years Consequently research area first time cut burn bunches infested palms area PNG affected BCS many palms areas intermediaries areas known viroid free areas spread pest areas spread pest aromatic coconuts Aromatic palms aromatic water marketing actions are important intrinsic quality product Therea global lack research aromatic coconuts absolutely nothingpresently done Pacific region Itpretty certain around world Nestlé arouse but also undergo arrangement would eliminate fear through exchange germplasm given country might well strengthen competitive edge other countries thus undermine its own position updated Safe Movement Guidelines initially arrangement would eliminate fear through exchange germplasm given country might well strengthen competitive edge other countries thus undermine its own position updated Safe Movement Guidelines initially artificial impregnation boxes m x m x m whichfilled breeding medium typically mixture coir/saw dust cow dung Metarhiziumeasily mass produced on farm using maize grits Itimportant impregnation boxes kept moist survival longevity fungus fungus can also purchased Asia Papua New Guinea when they reached Polynesia show's listeners did ask farmer modify action aspects cacao germplasm exchange aspects germplasm exchange assessment would part rationalization plan clear objectives would take place over assist smallholder farmers move out poverty make transition running viable businesses sustainable assistance assistance harvesting planting materials associated bananas mango trees associated depletion factors production associated each particular pest associated each particular pest associated each particular pest associated each particular pest associated movement different plant parts summary table associated movement different plant parts summary table associated strategy associated within forests relics Association ECA coconut water trade association representing European cocoa Association ECA Federation Cocoa Association EIC ECICC Estación de Investigaciones de Cacao Cuba FAO Food Agriculture Organization United Nations Italy FCC Federation Cocoa association molecular markers disease resistance genes especially resistance black pod witches' broom disease frosty pod advances these areas research associations In highly competitive context tourism industry itbecoming increasingly important stand out offering less Atiu Cook Islands References Bandupriya H D Perera C Pereira M G & R Towards Innovative Breeding Programs Biotechnology Towards Sustainability Tree Lifepp Springer Cham R Effectiveness mass selection based yield components coconut Oléagineux France R Kumar V Mataroa V Recommended method selecting good parent palms Atlantic coast palms attacking attempt assess status documentation various cacao collections Questions were asked type attempt assess status documentation various collections Questions were asked type attempt completely destroy these pest attention real world daily use internet well populist political wave seems linked it induces kind popular rejection world appears too dizzyingly complex People often call simplistic solutions derived attention traditional varieties References R & Leroy T Preparation world first regional varietal contest In R Labouisse J P Mapusua K Ollivier J Kumar V planting material Pacific Region https //replantcoconut blogspot com R Namory T nurseries August FDA Food Safety Modernization Act well known water company US warned August Manufacturing https //www investmentfiji Auroyé Antoine antoine auroye@gendenim com Gênes de Nimes Belgium Tuivavalagi Nat nat tuivavalagi@gmail com College Micronesia FSM FSM Mataora Victor victor mataora@agriculture gov ck Ministry Agriculture Cook Islands Cook Islands Hazelman Stephen stephenh@spc int SPC Fiji Australia Australian Aid funded ACIAR project PNG developing biological knowledge risk management strategy BCS related phytoplasma syndromes Results Australian Bureau Meteorology CSIRO Variable Observed Change Projected Change Atmospheric Temperature Increase °C since Increase °C °C respectively under authorities authority concerned given country aims objectives project will authority concerned given country aims objectives project will availability land etc If agricultural landwidely available it seems fairly extensive farming availability water dry zone can attract parasites available available available available accessible everyone Food Agricultural Organization United Nations FAO publishes statistics crops commodities their Statistics webpage gather available breeders farmers dramatically scarce governavailable characterization on going evaluation their potential well training demonstration field collections however available characterization on going evaluation their potential well training demonstration field collections however costly maintain highly vulnerable pest available COGENT available ICGD Information CNCC accessions available ICGD Information GSCC accessions available interested breeding programmes promoted making information readily available via CNCC information portal linking ICGD GREST proposed activities will available interested breeding programmes promoted making information readily available via GSCC information portal linking ICGD GREST proposed activities will available other investigators FAQ available palms available perpetuity safe movement germplasm global level including virus indexing achieved through International Quarantine Centre ICQC R intermediate quarantine facility supported chocolate industry USDA University available perpetuity safe movement germplasm global level including virus indexing achieved through International Cocoa available seednuts which instead bought available through CNCC information portal feasibility using vitro culture cryopreservation will available through GSCC information portal feasibility using vitro culture cryopreservation will available user countries available user countries available users through CNCC information portal allow selection materials inclusion CNCC see details Section specific criteria boundary each set accessions would agreed through consultation process coordinated COGENT available users through GSCC information portal allow selection materials inclusion GSCC see details Section specific criteria boundary each set accessions would agreed through consultation process coordinated CacaoNet assessment would part rationalization plan clear objectives would take place over available vegetative propagation can done planting rooted stolons m distance Long cuttings cm m can used distributed rate two per hole every x m Cuttings cover available via CNCC information portal see section below introduction new accessions available via GSCC information portal see section below introduction new accessions available via international regional quarantine facilities This international multi site evaluation programme would build experience CFC/ICCO/Bioversity available via international regional quarantine facilities This international multi site evaluation programme would build experience CFC/ICCO/Bioversity available years later ex situ average costoften more than USD per palm remaining alive fields situation can result average lifespan average loss average size farm hectares If dataconfirmed some big Samoan players own average some three hectares allocated crop perhaps annual yield some kg per hectare leading their producing average some three hectares allocated crop perhaps annual yield some kg per hectare leading their producing Award Bioversity aware existence improved varieties aware information will aware information will aware propagationoften bottleneck Nestlé awareness awareness attendance conferences visitors services etc In course study genebank managers were asked carefully cost awareness farmers selling stem husk firewood provide
access farmers market high value product training improved techniques processing marketing provision processing equipment Small Medium scale enterprises start capital Professionalizing farmers their organizations Help farmers increase productivity their plantation facilitate adoption innovative techniques cooperative farming awareness inspection programs crucial component task some them should target specifically farmers products should awareness issues following specific actions proposed Short term actions next three years Coordinating compilation characterization evaluation data awareness issues Images movies often speaking more than words especially written words following specific actions proposed Short term actions next three years Developing animating COGENT awareness issues Information CacaoNet would also available targeted different user groups including potential donors existing partners general public awareness issues Information COGENT awareness Long term financial support key collections maintaining Global Networked Collection Efficiency COGENT awareness Long term financial support key collections maintaining Global Strategic Cacao Collection Efficiency CacaoNet coordinate stimulate participation increased number key partners conservation use cacao germplasm coconut water Global Strategy thatagreed supported increasing number partners donors funders Priorities Global Strategy reviewed updated Number projects addressing agreed priorities on going awareness management pest B C DOMAR template risk analysis authorship individual risk assessmentsintended acknowledge contribution external experts participants training session One editors manual used similar participative B codes colour fruit case green fruits letter G can omitted MYD Malayan Yellow Dwarf CATD without G Catigan Green Dwarf abbreviation also indicates type using letters T B online short survey risks background support backup backup backup backup bacteria other contaminants bagged directly bagged inflorescences banana CIAT cassava CIP Andean roots tubers IITA yam total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs CIP Andean roots tubers IITA cassava yam total accession total cost USD Estimated number priority accessions per year Average based molecular characterization activities Bioversity banana CIAT cassava CIP Andean roots tubers IITA yam total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs CIP Andean roots tubers IITA cassava yam total accession total cost USD Estimated number priority accessions per year Average based molecular characterization activities Bioversity banana CIAT cassava CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA cassava total accession total cost USD Estimated size CNCC Average based field genebank activities CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA banana cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA banana cassava total accession total cost USD Estimated number accessions introduced and/or regenerated every year Average based basic characterization activities Bioversity banana CIAT cassava CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs Bioversity banana CIAT cassava CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA cassava total accession total cost USD Estimated size GSCC Average based field genebank activities CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA banana cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA banana cassava total accession total cost USD Estimated number accessions introduced and/or regenerated every year Average based basic characterization activities Bioversity banana CIAT cassava CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs Bioversity banana CIAT cassava CIP Andean roots tubers sweetpotato IITA banana cassava yam total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs Bioversity banana CIAT cassava CIP Andean roots tubers sweetpotato IITA banana cassava yam total accessions total cost USD Estimated number accessions verified identification duplicates integrity Average based activities identification duplicates integrity CIAT cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs CIAT cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated number new germplasm collected annually Estimated cost per sample collecting based pers communication Estimated cost travel equipment per year annex banana CIAT cassava CIP Andean roots tubers sweetpotato IITA banana cassava yam total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs Bioversity banana CIAT cassava CIP Andean roots tubers sweetpotato IITA banana cassava yam total accessions total cost USD Estimated number accessions verified identification duplicates integrity Average based activities identification duplicates integrity CIAT cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs CIAT cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated number new germplasm collected annually Estimated cost per sample collecting based pers communication Estimated cost travel equipment per year annex banana CIAT cassava CIP potato sweetpotato IITA cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs CIP potato sweetpotato IITA cassava total accession total cost USD Estimated number accessions regenerated per year Average based regeneration activities CIP Andean roots tubers IITA yam total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs CIP Andean roots tubers IITA cassava yam total accessions total cost USD Estimated number accessions tested every year for distribution acquisition regeneration Average based activities health testing virus pre indexing indexing therapy Bioversity banana CIAT cassava CIP potato sweetpotato IITA cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs CIP potato sweetpotato IITA cassava total accession total cost USD Estimated number accessions regenerated per year Average based regeneration activities CIP Andean roots tubers IITA yam total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs CIP Andean roots tubers IITA cassava yam total accessions total cost USD Estimated number cacao accessions tested every year for distribution acquisition regeneration Average based activities health testing virus pre indexing indexing therapy Bioversity banana CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA banana cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs Bioversity banana CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA banana cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated number accessions maintained cryopreservation Average based activities maintenance cryopreserved accessions Bioversity banana CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA banana cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated number accessions distributed every year Average based activities distribution CIAT cassava CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA banana cassava yam total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA banana cassava yam total accessions total cost USD Estimated number accessions CNCC Average based activities information management Bioversity banana CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA banana cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs Bioversity banana CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA banana cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated number accessions maintained cryopreservation Average based activities maintenance cryopreserved accessions Bioversity banana CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA banana cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated number accessions distributed every year Average based activities distribution CIAT cassava CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA banana cassava yam total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA banana cassava yam total accessions total cost USD Estimated number accessions GSCC Average based activities information management Bioversity banana CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated number accessions CNCC Average based general management collection Bioversity banana CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated number accessions GSCC Average based general management collection Bioversity banana cocoa banana diseases Bioversity banana diseases Bioversity banana out affected areas strict quarantine disease surveillance Prompt detection followed immediate removal destruction LYLD infected trees banana phytoplasmas Banana Plantain Because locate collection country free Banana Plantain Because locate collection country free Banana Plantain CIAT Cassava CIP IITA One time one off other costs Some general observations conclusion Bioversity banana plants Restricting movement live betelnut banana planting material out Madang Provincevital will banana suckers can carry phytoplasma new places Whilst dangers posed coconuts betelnuts planting banana total accessions total cost USD Estimated number accessions introduced
cryopreservation Average based activities introduction accessions
cryopreservation Bioversity banana total accessions total cost USD Estimated number accessions security duplication distant location in addition accessions cryopreservation Average based activities security duplication CIAT cassava CIP Andean roots tubers IITA cassava yam total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs Bioversity banana total accessions total cost USD Estimated number accessions introduced
cryopreservation Average based activities introduction accessions
cryopreservation Bioversity banana total accessions total cost USD Estimated number accessions security duplication distant location in addition accessions cryopreservation Average based activities security duplication CIAT cassava CIP Andean roots tubers IITA cassava yam total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs Bioversity banana total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs CIAT cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated number accessions expected distributed banana total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs Bioversity banana total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs Bioversity banana total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs CIAT cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated number cacao accessions expected distributed banana total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs Bioversity banana total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs Bioversity bananas affected but coconuts Bananas CIAT cassava CIP Andean roots tubers CIP Potato CIP Sweetpotato IITA Banana plantain IITA Cassava IITA Yam annex Bananas footnotes costs molecular characterization ploidy SSRs included routine means verify identity accessions before they processed introduction
collection Field verification involves shipping accessions planting characterization national programmes house original material Costs safety duplication shipment cryopreserved material IRD France Bananas footnotes costs molecular characterization ploidy SSRs included routine means verify identity accessions before they processed introduction
collection Field verification involves shipping accessions planting characterization national programmes house original material Costs safety duplication shipment cryopreserved material IRD France Bananas Operations No samples Total cost Total average cost Capital cost Periodi city Annua lized costs One off Acquisition One off Characterization One off Field verification Molecular characterization One off Safety duplication shipment One off Safety duplication IRD Maintenance cryopreserved collection Maintenance vitro collection Stock maintenance short term storage Introduction
cryopreservation One off Introduction
vitro collection One off Leaf sample banking Rejuvenation greenhouses Virus indexing One off Pre indexing One off Virus therapy < One off In vitro multiplication & distribution Information management General management Total Bioversity Bananas Operations No samples Total cost Total average cost Capital cost Periodi city Annua lized costs One off Acquisition One off Characterization One off Field verification Molecular characterization One off Safety duplication shipment One off Safety duplication IRD Maintenance cryopreserved collection Maintenance vitro collection Stock maintenance short term storage Introduction
cryopreservation One off Introduction
vitro collection One off Leaf sample banking Rejuvenation greenhouses Virus indexing One off Pre indexing One off Virus therapy < One off In vitro multiplication & distribution Information management General management Total Bioversity band within ° band within ° bands careful if leaves banks associations banned export nam hom seednuts protect their market few palms Bartley shows principal routes movement cacao germplasm based actual costs Nutritional characterizationimportant direct use collection Long term storage costs based number accessions storage rather than total size collection unlike CIAT Thisbecause accessions conserved freezers rather than storage room One off cost optimization collection given table based actual costs Nutritional characterizationimportant direct use collection Long term storage costs based number accessions storage rather than total size collection unlike CIAT Thisbecause accessions conserved freezers rather than storage room One off cost optimization collection given table based ensuring genotype significantly increases based ensuring genotype significantly increases based farming based individual trees based individual trees based large size They will based materials based materials baseline information estimate costs supporting cacao conservation global level What current status collection respect following factors Factors basic information basic manner Their national average yield basis although Bioversity basis boost livelihoods incomes stakeholders developing countries www cogent basis governbasis governbasketspractised some areas Fermentation generally takes three six days depending local practices variety beans basketspractised some areas Fermentation generally takes three six days depending local practices variety beans be needed per accession accurate characterization bean quality though fermentation trays wooden crates bean trade processing warehousing related logistical activities Together ECA Members represent over beans beans beans beans ready making chocolate paste butter chocolate Statistics beans ready making chocolate paste cocoa became Because farmers Because it gives landscape tropicallook many people attempt because they already occur most situations instance significant constraint low numbers volume efficiency breeding programs Pacific region but cannot listed risk italready occurring most Pacific countries except perhaps Vanuatu Fiji become become also limiting factor MMMM give heigh fact real limiting factornot heigh palm but methods available climb it Climbing truck/stem palm staying under leaf crownquite simple many existing techniques which amazing illustrations human inventiveness will become 'bait shy' these poisons Always follow guidelines instructions use pest become dangerous humans seen Atiu Cook Island motorcycles knocked out addition meat these pigsdelicious canned food well prepared according traditional recipes could sold premium price Wild pigs should never consumed if rat control become emerging concern become feasible Since information accessionslikely continuously improve over become feasible Since information accessionslikely continuously improve over become important trait select less become important trait select less become increasingly important marketing products itimpossible include products manual we focus become increasingly important worldwide although resistance can considered important aspect yield protection against loss Selections resistance CSSV establishment ability become increasingly important worldwide although resistance can considered important aspect yield protection against loss Selections resistance CSSV establishment ability become juiciest business Tahiti Monoïmade become Juvenile Rehabilitation Centre same time could become leader cocoa become major objective these breeding programmes South East Asian countries s become major objective these cacao breeding programmes South East Asian countries s become more more competitive Producers processors exporters will become more profitable Some risks become more stringent
include non legal additional requirements individual firms Changes international regulations become one most important criteria buying products become part CNCC if governbecome part CNCC public become part GSCC if governbecome part GSCC public become sensitive newly emerging forms pathogens Therefore even if good tolerant varieties available research find next good variety should never stop This become severe areas will become ubiquitous anonymous symbol exoticism tropical beaches Itwell known image palmwidely used promote tourism numerous associated products ranging become ubiquitous anonymous symbol exoticism tropical beaches stakeholders become unproductive Inland erosion landslides will become worse worse industry also advises farmers against hybrids kernel oil contenthigher Tall type variety Copra millers oil producers winning more profit when buying ton been been been been been abandoned loss plantations been able reduce Thus risk incomplete erroneous been achieved Trinidad Tobago using accessions been acquired past years How many accessions been actively influencing future cocoa been actively involved cacao GR effort many years addition organization collecting expeditions been actively involved GR effort many years addition organization collecting expeditions been actively undertaking breeding activities through exchange selected hybrids clones focusing high yield tolerance pod borer vascular streak dieback addition evaluation selected bi parental crosses clones each participating institution new activities include selection new parental clones assessing flavour aspects exchanged materials will been actively undertaking cacao breeding activities through exchange selected hybrids clones focusing high yield tolerance cocoa been added before natural opening spa Using seednuts can reduce risks been added vitro introduction account refreshing vitro materials been added vitro introduction account refreshing vitro materials been addressed study described detail annex been adequately characterized exercise does been applied comparable Centres Characterization costs include field preparation molecular characterization procedure health testing cleaning accessionsstill put
place andnot included costs here Distribution costs include costs multiplying vitro materials Evaluation was costed butnot included here Information costs include cost bar coding accessions CIP Potato Operations No samples Total cost Total average cost Capital cost Periodi city Annua lized costs One off Acquisition One off Characterization & verification DNA markers nutritional markers One off Safety duplication seed vitro Long term storage seed Field collection Cryopreservation introduction maintenance monitoring One off & annual In vitro conservation Re introduction
vitro Germination testing Regeneration seed collection Seed processing & health testing Distribution Herbarium & verification DNA genebank Information management General management Total CIP Potato footnotes Acquisition costs include post entry quarantine introduction
vitro Seeds
also introduced less been applied comparable Centres Characterization costs include field preparation molecular characterization procedure health testing cleaning accessionsstill put
place andnot included costs here Distribution costs include costs multiplying vitro materials Evaluation was costed butnot included here Information costs include cost bar coding accessions CIP Potato Operations No samples Total cost Total average cost Capital cost Periodi city Annua lized costs One off Acquisition One off Characterization & verification DNA markers nutritional markers One off Safety duplication seed vitro Long term storage seed Field collection Cryopreservation introduction maintenance monitoring One off & annual In vitro conservation Re introduction
vitro Germination testing Regeneration seed collection Seed processing & health testing Distribution Herbarium & verification DNA genebank Information management General management Total CIP Potato footnotes Acquisition costs include post entry quarantine introduction
vitro Seeds
also introduced less been bought foreign investors This section provides over been carried out been carried out worldwide control insect pest been Christopher Columbus been confirmed more resistant using leaf disc tests addition demonstration plots were established farmersfields breeders farmers assess promising material been confirmed more resistant using leaf disc tests addition demonstration plots were established farmersfields breeders farmers assess promising material been confirmed true type so been confirmed true type so been considerable Coconuts Guam been considered study include Collecting Molecular characterization identification duplicates except case some collections vegetatively propagated crops been constructed taro production been contributed been contributed been costed ISO certificationan important part over been costed ISO certificationan important part over been costed study because they been created over been creation collection been creation collection been cryopreserved it aim back ICQC R collection within next three years Microsatellite analysis been cryopreserved it aim back ICQC R collection within next three years www icgd reading ac uk/quarantine php International Group been cut Once identified some specific actions can help control these pest been demonstrated robust resistance witchesbroom disease exists also other Forastero germplasm groups been described Criollo cacao was originally domesticated form Mesoamerica andmainly grown Central America northern South America It been described Indonesia during survey conducted COGENT been detected embryo pollen butnot proven seed pollen transmitted Phytosanitary measures ensure effective hygiene must implemented according national international standards when sharing material Actions needed Biosecurity services assist millions travellers goods vessels aircraft move out Pacific states other countries same time minimising adverse effects environment human animal plant health public been determined each population group core selections size constructed replacement identify specific accessions contained within optimum set We employed replicate runs iterations within each replicate ensure adequate sampling given size each group magnitude selection made been determined each population group core selections size constructed replacement identify specific accessions contained within optimum set We employed replicate runs iterations within each replicate ensure adequate sampling given size each group magnitude selection made been developed been developed cacao been developed national regional international levels national initiatives relevant informationoften available websites Ministries Agriculture Forestry been developed order accurate specifying origin germplasm while avoiding creating too many unnecessary cultivar names population nameadded been developed order aid basic training management pest been developed since we believe will been developed since we believe will been developed uniquely identify trees been developed uniquely identify trees been developed using information been developed using information been different if they been different interpretation what accessionfor cacao comparing numbers accessions each collection survey
been different interpretation what accessionfor comparing numbers accessions each collection survey
been done cocoa been done G Lockwood pers com Clones via side grafting budwood been done intergeneric interspecific crosses involving these species cacao variable levels success tertiary genepoolgermplasm consists mainly various species genus Herrania As new technologies developed these related species could become important sources genes cacao improvement Hence itimperative systematic collecting these species should been duplicated Bioversity been duplicated Bioversity been effort award farmers good records encourage practice However inadequate been established been established been estimated based assumption total accessions would handled between three regional facilities making safe movement network Further researchneeded use vitro methods germplasm distribution research projectproposed involving partners involved international regional movement germplasm project would include training capacity building elements Itanticipated prioritisation germplasm international transfer implementation new technologies screening distribution material should reduce cost safe movement germplasm within next few years Estimated budget USD three year research project tissue culture safe movement USD initial costs establishment regional quarantine network USD annual budget development maintenance safe movement network including ICQC R Regional facilities Notes An estimated these costs current safe movement network presently provided USDA/CRA Ltd been estimated based assumption total accessions would handled between three regional facilities making cacao safe movement network Further researchneeded use vitro methods germplasm distribution research projectproposed involving partners involved international regional movement germplasm project would include training capacity building elements Itanticipated prioritisation germplasm international transfer implementation new technologies screening distribution cacao material should reduce cost safe movement germplasm within next few years Estimated budget USD three year research project tissue culture safe movement USD initial costs establishment regional quarantine network USD annual budget development maintenance cacao safe movement network including ICQC R Regional facilities Notes An estimated these costs current safe movement network presently provided USDA/CRA Ltd been estimated CRB G been estimated even Brazilian Amazon been estimated even Brazilian Amazon been evaluated Trinidad Costa Rica collections French Guiana collection was also totally evaluated resistance P palmivora P capsici results published coconut water large pre breeding programme been executing germplasm enhancement been executing germplasm enhancement been expanding rapidly However we believe thisstill been explored been explored been explored Bartley other areas especially Bolivia Colombia Ecuador Peru Venezuela remain largely unexplored diversity rapid deforestation region drastic changes land use replacement traditional varieties modern ones both Amazon region other regions been explored Bartley other areas especially Bolivia Colombia Ecuador Peru Venezuela remain largely unexplored cacao diversity rapid deforestation region drastic changes land use replacement traditional cacao varieties modern ones both Amazon region other regions been expressed regarding real possibility high enough temperatures been extensively used breeding programmes dur been fluctuating past few decades dur been focused capturing been followed application national sover been followed application national sover been followed application national sover been followed application national sover been found attracted light Another casecoconut products transmitting pest been found betelnut palms been fruitful will been fruitful will been further hybridized create varieties local adaptation Today cacao genotypes cultivated Americas consist local varieties hybrids derived been generated directly CIRAD though information been generated directly CIRAD though information been Ghana Togo Nigeria been given name 'Candidatus Phytoplasma noviguineense' less been given public been given public been identified actual been identified actual been identified as continued use landraces traditional varieties production been identified as continued use landraces traditional varieties cocoa been identified Bolivia Brazil Peru Venezuela specific gaps described Section well priority collecting sites areas been identified Bolivia Brazil Peru Venezuela specific gaps described Section well priority collecting sites areas been identified Breeding drought tolerance using high yield drought tolerant trees been identified Breeding drought tolerance using high yield drought tolerant trees been identified priority conservation large scale collecting mission comprehensive study Future collecting missions should been identified priority conservation large scale collecting mission comprehensive study Future collecting missions should been identified unique interesting coconut water Networked collection also called Virtual collection located more than one geographical/institutional site spans been identified unique interesting Each participating institutes will been implemented since CRU/UWI Trinidad using been important Among various upper Amazon wild cacao germplasm two Peruvian accessions SCA SCA been important especially Jamaica Ghana Breeding quality traits AAAA Prades Foale Some traditional populations well known their fine flavour profiles been inadvertently included should been included annualized cost estimate new accessions acquired backgroundacquisition rate per year But see below Many collections however been included annualized costs but some major instances reported consultant been included calculation collection sizes when these exceed total background acquisition rate five years Contingency Given uncertainty surrounding some been included costing presented here consultant been included costing presented here consultant been included costing study Annual costs US$ Number accessions Annual recurring cost per accession Total annual recurring cost maintaining existing accessions Annual cost acquiring additional accessions non compounded Total annual capital costs Total Annual cost CIP Sweetpotato CIPs sweetpotato collection comprises been included costing study Annual costs US$ Number accessions Annual recurring cost per accession Total annual recurring cost maintaining existing accessions Annual cost acquiring additional accessions non compounded Total annual capital costs Total Annual cost CIP Sweetpotato CIPs sweetpotato collection comprises been included costings here Health testing banananot fully established IITA estimated costproposed lies somewhere between costs testing cassava those yam been included costings here Health testing banananot fully established IITA estimated costproposed lies somewhere between costs testing cassava those yam been included summary table been included summary table been included table been included table been incorporated breeding programmes these countries Cocoa been incorporated can been incorporated can been increasing annual rate last five years
provide incentives demand driven on farm conservation On farm conservation can strengthened through activities farming been increasing annual rate last five years
provide incentives demand driven on farm conservation On farm conservation can strengthened through activities farming been increasing especially Brazil Considerable work been informed their great interest Elsewhere Pacific farmer been initiated CATIE been initiated first one gathers Latin America Africa Indian Ocean studying dwarfs varieties their progenies second oneenvisioned South East Asia It compares Dwarf x Tall hybrids progenies Dwarf x Dwarf Hybrids Tall populations it will been initiated In following same procedure USAID/USDA/Mars project been initiated In following same procedure USAID/USDA/Mars project been integrated political agendas many countries instance European Food Safety Agency was set set following series food crises late s Consumers started pay more attention way foodproduced been internationally agreed upon can help facilitate comparison results obtained between different laboratories therestill urgent link evolution techniques DNA analysis isyisis agreement composition international SNP set been internationally agreed upon can help facilitate comparison results obtained between different laboratories therestill urgent agreement composition international SNP set been internationally agreed upon facilitate comparison results been internationally agreed upon facilitate comparison results been interrupted world wars been interrupted world wars been introduced
vitro culture Further researchurgently needed improve protocols vitro conservation well disease diagnostics cryopreservation order able optimize structure collection develop more routine state maintenance costs conservation methods research been introduced
vitro culture Further researchurgently needed improve protocols vitro conservation well disease diagnostics cryopreservation order able optimize structure collection develop more routine state maintenance costs conservation methods research been involved arms racemillions years Over been isolates Oryctes rhinoceros NudiVirus Adults infected virus then released spread infection larvae breeding sites other adults within palms been learned best practice biological control sound been limited dur been limited investment
scientific research towards improving been limited investment
scientific research towards improving cacao been limited partly dur been limited partly dur been linked development alternativefood networks renewed enthusiasm food products perceived traditional local Local foods conceptualised authenticproducts symbolise local traditional heritage Youth more focused modernity we must therefore encourage them perceive use local products modern Family food traditions should passed down developed along social technological progress retain ethnic cultural identity crucial role women processto recognized awarded Respect tradition can foster economic competitiveness instance Samoan niu afa variety which was until been little investment scientific research improve cacao production been little investment scientific research improve production been lost been lost been lost Another priority would exchange germplasm that been lost few examples were given accessions which been maintained long period outside country origin it been major breeding objectives West Africa since s More been major breeding objectives West Africa since s More been major contributor key resources been nicknamed Palm Killerit can cause devastating damage within one year destroy entire palm populations It been observed atolls Federated States Micronesia including case Pingelap which salt water enters plantation been observed Dr R over been observed fruits See paper mite Current global scenarioReferencessection details For biological control pulverization babassu oil palm been observed month old young fruits i e fruits months been observed more than other palm species suffer been observed other countries strong breeding programmes efficient systems hybrid seed production been observed other countries strong breeding programmes efficient systems hybrid seed production been obtained been obtained Besides traditional breeding efforts create pest been one primary activities breeders pathologists Damage caused major diseases pest been one primary activities cacao breeders pathologists Damage caused major diseases pest been ongoing since been over been partially achieved Uptake accessions breeding programmes been partially achieved Uptake accessions breeding programmes been partially achieved whicha limiting factor uptake accessions breeding programmes Lack reliable evaluation methods collections also plays role especially been partially achieved whicha limiting factor uptake accessions breeding programmes Lack reliable evaluation methods collections also plays role especially been partially cut off since been placed public been placed public been placed under auspices Governbeen placed under auspices Governbeen planted Additional clones added they become available ICG T genebank now contains one most diverse collections cacao germplasm consists now accessions representing major groups cacao Forastero Criollo Trinitario Refractario well related species Theobroma been planted field andbeing evaluated been planted years and probably selected resistance which tend more resistant witchesbroom disease Production been planted years and probably selected resistance which tend more resistant witchesbroom disease Production been practiced thousands farmers millennia its efficiency over been presence these materials Although international national collections total contain large amount been presence these materials Although international national collections total contain large amount been processed
seed Potato
cryopreserved using routine methods least roughly genotypes cost cryopreservation was been processed
seed Potato
cryopreserved using routine methods least roughly genotypes cost cryopreservation was been progressing rapidly area Upper Amazon supported introduction dissemination high yielding disease resistant clones region large scale replacement local varieties introduced ones reduced diversitystill on going coconut water field grafted few clones reduced genotype diversity can considerably reduce allelic diversity within farmer fields More importantly most traditional varieties been propagated budding been propagated budding been proposed defined maximization primary production been put place some regions been quoted major cause problem industry Pacific islands However looking issue been received been received Given emerging risks been recognised anda hybrid between Criollo Forastero Two other traditional cultivars within Forastero i e Nacional Amelonado been recorded Central America Caribbean Africa since late nineteenth century been recorded governbeen recorded yet Indo Pacic region area origin suggesting it been registered Nigeria released farmers out were tested These crosses include Upper Amazon Amelonado Upper Amazon Upper Amazon Upper Amazon Trinitario hybrids combining high yield Black pod disease mirid tolerance good flavour quality In Brazil large breeding programme Upper Amazon x Trinitario Upper Amazon x Amelonado crosses was implemented between s s Following arrival witches' broom WB disease Bahia farmersparticipatory approach was implemented select resistance on farm simultaneously on station selection within germplasm collection breeding populations been registered Nigeria released farmers out were tested These crosses include Upper Amazon Amelonado Upper Amazon Upper Amazon Upper Amazon Trinitario hybrids combining high yield Black pod disease mirid tolerance good cocoa been removed part rationalization been removed seems hard resistant but under certain conditions which remain fully specified they can degrade quickly lose their organoleptic qualities been replacement broad range traditional varieties fewer introduced improved varieties Although newly introduced materialsuperior performance rate replacementrapid causing losses diversity been reported been reported been reported fruits reported produce symptoms characterized necrotic transverse strip whose proximal marginnot contact perianth been reported least partially effective Systemic insecticides were more persistent but residur been screened drought tolerance looking leaf morphology water relation components stomatal behaviour photosynthesis biochemical factors Based these characteristics drought tolerant accessions been screened drought tolerance looking leaf morphology water relation components stomatal behaviour photosynthesis biochemical factors Based these characteristics drought tolerant accessions been secured long term Their strong international commitment putting collections under auspices ITPGRFA requires sustainable been secured long term Their strong international commitment putting collections under auspices ITPGRFA requires sustainable been select productive clones accumulated resistance frosty pod based crosses amongst few resistance sources were identified been selected been selected sensory quality aimed specialty cocoa been selected sensory quality aimed specialty market underscores importance germplasm collections their utilization through breeding programmes towards supporting stakeholders industry Planting material moved modified title In research centres genebanks italmost impossible use method controlled pollination bagging release seednuts seedlings farmers There two main reasons cost technique been selected sensory quality aiming specialty cocoa been selected sensory quality aiming specialty market Compared many other tree crops there been sent been shared between COGENT been simply stored offices been simply stored offices been slow adapt standards requirements importing countries dur been slow take part global water market dur been slowly developed farmers over been some been successful but expensive Trappinga great option catch species rats help identifying what speciespresent Snap traps live traps can used Rats
become 'trap shy' i e they avoid traps then able repopulate areas Baiting pest been successfully achieved clonal cultivars selected CATIE s early s based resistant accessions identified collection Black pod BP been sufficient cover been supported public been supported public been supported public been supported public been tested Actions undertake Biosecurity rules International Guidelines transfer germplasm should strictly followed prevent pest been tested Brazil Green Dwarf variety Using been tested worldwide control pest been traditionally subdivided
two main groups Criollo Forastero third group Trinitario been trained technical tasks required gene bank research activities pay more attention biodiversity importance conserving traditional varieties media image Ministry Police would been unable been undertaken Amazon basin see table been undertaken Amazon basin see table been undertaken area rat poison can accumulate tissues pigs particularly liver Sri Lanka protecting seedlings been undertaken collect conserve cacao ex situ been undertaken collect conserve ex situ been undertaken decades During meeting held Montpellier France
been undertaken Trinidad TSH clones Ecuador EET clones Sensory qualityan important selection criterion Ghana example been undertaken Trinidad TSH clones Ecuador EET clones Sensory qualityan important selection criterion Ghana example been used almost breeding programmes South East Asia West Africa Latin America They played key role parental clones most cocoa been used control CRB S means CRB G can reach been used directly regional breeding programme since s Initially objective CATIE breeding programme was select elite bi parental crosses using parents been used elsewhere analysis cacao population structure Motamayor et al Minimum core size optimized composition selected maximum allelic richness coconut water method maximizing allelic richnessemployed select subset accessions minimal size replacement based number represented classes marker variables number accessions within sample Gouesnard et al We employed Shannon index measure allelic diversity IShannon j = pij ln pij been used elsewhere analysis population structure Motamayor et al Minimum core size optimized composition selected maximum allelic richness coconut water method maximizing allelic richnessemployed select subset accessions minimal size replacement based number represented classes marker variables number accessions within sample Gouesnard et al We employed Shannon index measure allelic diversity IShannon j = pij ln pij been used large scale Indonesia experience suggests potential application new technology other producing countries Bioversity been used large scale Indonesia experience suggests potential application new technology other cocoa been used non compounded individual collection calculations exception those collections which been used part rat poison scraped fruitadded cooked rice been used safety duplication field collections rapid multiplication dissemination disease free planting material These technologies
been used safety duplication field collections rapid multiplication dissemination disease free planting material These technologies
been verified Cameroon Côte dIvoire Ghana Nigeria carrying out been verified Cameroon Côte dIvoire Ghana Nigeria carrying out been washed sanitised ensure no unwanted natural been working years towards producing cacao trees been working years towards producing trees before cyclone occurs can done hook before palms begin introduction evaluation non explored germplasm Another example germplasm collection evaluationat CPCRI India begin introduction evaluation non explored germplasm Another example germplasm collection evaluationat CPCRI India begin planting progenies Dwarf Dwarf hybrids Côte dIvoire instance Sri Lanka Green Dwarf SLGD Tolerant Lethal Yellowing disease Ghana but sandy West African soils it often produces small use less begin spread whole frond will beginning COGENT beginning conceived multifunctional Creating new ex situ beginning economic valuation palm its products will beginning profitable plantation Occurrence severity In Philippines around percent total agricultural research development involved privatesector begun fingerprinting accessions tree level understand phylogeny each tree its relationship other trees begun fingerprinting accessions tree level understand phylogeny each tree its relationship other trees behaviour behaviour also occurs some western countries being broken uprooted damaged techniquenot easily applicable large plantations it can being developed aim provide cocoa being developed aim provide research breeding communities access being done Pacific countries because high level capital investment consistent supply quality coconuts sap being lost being lost being panacea their value depends value palm thatcloned value fertilizing pollen if clones obtained being reported being reported Involvement farmers breeding Farmers beliefs encountered even highest levels Itpart psychological constraints development general agriculture particular feelingnot risk itself but it can responsible lack farmers policy makerscapacities react during believe it will believe it will believe results presented here important step forward understanding real costs maintaining distributing Centres germplasm collections making available associated information However it should noted whatprovidedonly snapshot costs particular point time situationnot static will believe results presented here important step forward understanding real costs maintaining distributing Centres germplasm collections making available associated information However it should noted whatprovidedonly snapshot costs particular point time situationnot static will Belize known Belize known Belowa chronology meetings consultations contributed Global Strategy
Proposal presented WCF Partnership meeting Brussels Belgium August Brainstorming workshop establishment CacaoNet Montpellier France October th International Cocoa BeltCacao requires hot moist conditions bend seen hanging through leaves still green dur benefit benefit benefit benefit entire value chain Itpredictable regulation will benefit industry Other farmers should benefit local industry Hopefully therea benefit those involved cocoa benefited Benin Centre de Recherches Agricoles Sud Bénin CRA SB Brazil Comissão Executiva Benin Centre de Recherches Agricoles Sud Bénin CRA SB Brazil Comissão Executiva Bennett Kahu kahu@fairtrade org nz Fairtrade org New Zealand Kumar Vijendra vijenkumarcida@gmail com Koronivia Research Station Ministry Agriculture Fiji best although best plantations burying them around palms best quality cocoa best Rennell Tall
agronomic value was tolerant first strains lethal yellowing disease Jamaica hybrid SLGD x MRD was created F generation was planted selfing hybrid Itexperted find progeny new dwarf combinations both tolerance LYD good agronomic value international projectneeded test next generation countries were LY Diseases active Since CPCRI
appreciate role traditional varieties their livelihoods Organizing contests will
growth disease resistance characteristics than rather weak Criollos but also
information prices margins each stage value chainneeded information should first produced second validated according various national situations third widely diffused through social professional networks fourth stored appropriate conservation strategy able assess its future evolution In s study analyzed experience project evaluation sample more than one thousand World Bank projects It appeared projects analysis evaluation needed cope large degree uncertainty which traditional methods project evaluation selection have
understand occurrence replacement loss those
understanding how select yield determinants adaptation planting density together selection against undur
understanding how select yield determinants adaptation planting density together selection against undur between between
understand objective collections their content in terms diversity long term security collection management information exchange materials urgent needs priorities addressed through global collaborative strategy annex Beyer Richard richard beyer @gmail com Fiji bi clonal seed gardens using manual pollination Open pollination self incompatible female parents practiced past some countries bi clonal seed gardens using manual pollination Open pollination self incompatible female parents practiced past some countries bi parental cross rootstock Thisusually carried out professionally supplied farmer plant Budwood gardens can used generate material grafting These techniques used Indonesia Vietnam Papua New Guinea Clones via rooted cuttings Explants can taken bi parental cross rootstock Thisusually carried out professionally supplied farmer plant Budwood gardens can used generate material grafting These techniques used Indonesia Vietnam Papua New Guinea Clones via rooted cuttings Explants can taken bi parental crosses Binti Bakar Saripah MCB Ray Schnell Mars Inc formerly USDA Stela DVM Silva CEPEC/CEPLAC Carmen Suarez INIAP Surendra Surujdeo Maharaj CRU/UWI Martijn ten Hoopen CIRAD Jean Marc Thévenin CIRAD Mike Thresh consultant Binti Bakar Saripah MCB Ray Schnell Mars Inc formerly USDA Stela DVM Silva CEPEC/CEPLAC Carmen Suarez INIAP Surendra Surujdeo Maharaj CRU/UWI Martijn ten Hoopen CIRAD Jean Marc Thévenin CIRAD Mike Thresh consultant biofuel generation can toxic must also well managed Actions undertake Governbioinformatics Technologies procedures methods conserve improve breed coconut Long term conservation germplasm bioinformatics Technologies procedures methods conserve improve breed cacao Long term conservation germplasm biological control biological hazards Predatory devastating animals can also live irrigated areas biology transmission when available their economic importance Coconut should internationally moved Biosecurity should include surveillance potential host insects example BCS requires presence both phytoplasma Zophiuma insect thatone vectors phytoplasma Italso important identify full range insects can transmit phytoplasma References ACIAR Bogia syndrome Papua New Guinea related phytoplasma syndromes developing biological knowledge risk management strategy Australian Centre International Agricultural Research https //www aciar gov au/sites/default/files/ /final report HORT _ pdf CPDT pest Bioversity Bioversity Bioversity Bioversity Bioversity Bioversity Bioversity Bioversity birds pigs rats insects including ants scoliid wasp parasites Although rats invasive Pacific especially islands they can important predators both CRB larvae adults However most useful biological control blocks without infested breeding sites One pheromone trap per hectarerecommended but it can reduced one per two hectares moderately damaged areas Two types traps can used first one PVC tube Board Available Board fair trade co op Kuapa Kokoo Cocoa Board Haya Ramba Respondent Kelvin Lamin Nicaragua UNAN March Laboratorio de BIOciencia / UNAN Managua Juan Carlos Ruiz Respondent Iván Marín Arguello Nigeria CRIN August Cocoa Board Malaysia MHOCGA Mabaruma/Hosororo Organic Cocoa Board MCB Nicaragua Laboratorio de BIOciencia UNAN Managua Nigeria Cocoa Board MCB Nicaragua Laboratorio de BIOciencia UNAN Managua Nigeria Cocoa Board th Floor Wisma Sedco Locked bag Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia Tel + Cell + kelvin@koko gov my Lass Tony Chairman CRA Ltd C/o Fox Consultancy Services Ltd Fox Hill Henley Roadd Claverdon Warwicks CV LJ UK Cel + tonylass@foxconsultancy com Lockwood Rob St Martins Drive Eynsford Dartford Kent DA EZ United Kingdom Tel Cell randmlockwood@aol com Lopes Uilson Cacao Breeding & Bolivia El Ceibo Cooperative Brazil CEPEC SUEPASUERO ICA Colombia CORPOICA Cuba EIC/ECICC Dominican Republic IDIAF Ecuador INIAP French Guiana CIRAD Guyana MHOCGA Honduras FHIA Mexico INIFAP Nicaragua UNAN Peru CEPICAFEICT UNAS UNSAAC USA USDA Venezuela INIA Benin CRA/SB Cameroon IRAD Côte dIvoire CNRA Ghana CRIG Nigeria CRIN Togo CRAF France CIRAD International collections Costa Rica CATIE Trinidad & Tobago CRU/UWI International quarantine UK ICQC R Figure Geographical distribution ex situ Bolivia El Ceibo Cooperative Brazil CEPEC SUEPASUERO ICA Colombia CORPOICA Cuba EIC/ECICC Dominican Republic IDIAF Ecuador INIAP French Guiana CIRAD Guyana MHOCGA Honduras FHIA Mexico INIFAP Nicaragua UNAN Peru CEPICAFEICT UNAS UNSAAC USA USDA Venezuela INIA Benin CRA/SB Cameroon IRAD Côte dIvoire CNRA Ghana CRIG Nigeria CRIN Togo CRAF France CIRAD International collections Costa Rica CATIE Trinidad & Tobago CRU/UWI International quarantine UK ICQC R Figure Geographical distribution cacao ex situ boom particularly production booming therenever guarantee end business will born many national research institutes help industry international organizations andbelow optimal levels Even funding two international collections CATIE CRU/UWI ICQC Ronly three year planning basis born many national research institutes no help industry almost no help borrowing investment order protect poorest farmers botanical botanical botanical seedbeing investigated conservation option cryotankbeing purchased conservation cryopreserved accessions protocolbeing refined Cryobankinglikely start within next few years Annual costs US$ Number accessions Annual recurring cost per accession Total annual recurring cost maintaining existing accessions Annual cost acquiring additional accessions non compounded Total annual capital costs Total Annual cost IITA Yam IITA yam collection comprises botanical seedbeing investigated conservation option cryotankbeing purchased conservation cryopreserved accessions protocolbeing refined Cryobankinglikely start within next few years Annual costs US$ Number accessions Annual recurring cost per accession Total annual recurring cost maintaining existing accessions Annual cost acquiring additional accessions non compounded Total annual capital costs Total Annual cost IITA Yam IITA yam collection comprises both feed palms both Food Agriculture Organization United Nations FAO its Global Plan Action GPA Conservation Sustainable both Food Agriculture Organization United Nations FAO its Global Plan Action GPA Conservation Sustainable both management legal frameworks Those allows them manage various risks both regulatory scientific levels addition ECAactively engaged European International fora related industry's contribution sustainable both train participants risk mitigation improve manual Each individual risk assessmentauthored two five experts and/or participants training session risks both within institutions themselves wider public both within institutions themselves wider public bottom small valleys Even entire village
well serve place conservation bought foreign investors Land Protection Policy
ensure smallholders protected ensure larger companies BRA CIV CIV FJI IND IND JAM MYS SLB TZA VUT VUT VUT CIB JAM Sabah Tall Malaysia MYS MYS MYS MYS MYS MYS MYS MYS MYS MYS MYS MYS MYS MYS MYS MYS MYS DOAS MYS Sabah Tall Sweet Husk Malaysia MYS MYS DOAS MYS Sagerat Orange Dwarf Indonesia IDN IDN IPRI IDN Saint Vincent Tall Trinidad Tobago IND IND IND IND IND Sakhi Gopal Tall India IND IND IND IND IND IND Salak Green Dwarf Indonesia IDN IDN IDN IDN IDN IDN IDN IDN IPRI IDN Salambuyan Tall Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Samal Island Tall Banaba Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Samal Island Tall Bautod Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Samal Island Tall Damulog Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Samal Island Tall Gutapol Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Samal Island Tall Tambo Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Sambava Green Tall Madagascar Madagascar IND IND Sambava Tall Madagascar Madagascar IND IND Sambava Tall Green Madagascar Madagascar IND IND Sambava Tall pop Madagascar Madagascar IND IND Samoan Green Dwarf Samoa Samoa WS WSM Samoan Tall Samoa IND SLB WSM WS WSM Samoan Tall Alao Samoa Samoa IND IND Samoan Tall Samatau Samoa JAM WSM CIB JAM Samoan Yellow Dwarf Samoa IND VUT VUT VT VUT Samuda Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Samuda Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Samuda Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Samuda Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN San Isidro Green Dwarf Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL PHL San Policarpo Tall Philippines Philippines PHL PHL San Ramon Tall Philippines IND IND IND PHL PHL VNM DGEC VNM San Ramon Tall Clovis Sri Lanka LKA LKA LKA CRI LKA Sanchez Mira Tall Agose Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Sanchez Mira Tall Centro Dos Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Santa Cruz Tall Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Santa Margarita Green Dwarf Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Santiago Island Tall Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Santo Nino Green Dwarf Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL PHL Santongbolan Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Sarawak Tall Indonesia JAM JAM MYS CIB JAM Sawarna Tall Indonesia IDN IDN IDN IDN IDN IPRI IDN Sea Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Seychelles Tall Seychelles IND JAM CIB JAM Sherpur Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Shinta Red Dwarf Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Sibuga Tall Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Silian Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Silian Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Silian Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Soasio Red Dwarf Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Sokong Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Solo Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Solomon Islands Tall Solomon Islands CIV CIV CIV IND JAM SLB CIB JAM Solomon Islands Tall Nendo Solomon Islands VUT VUT VT VUT Solomon Islands Tall Reef Solomon Islands VUT VUT VT VUT Spicata Red Dwarf Jamaica Jamaica CIB JAM Spicata Tall Jamaica JAM PHL CIB JAM Spicata Tall Margos Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Spring Taluya Tall Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Sri Lanka Brown Dwarf Sri Lanka LKA LKA CRI LKA Sri Lanka Brown Dwarf Murusi Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Green Dwarf Sri Lanka CIV CIV CIV GHA GHA IND IND JAM JAM LKA LKA PHL PHL PHL TZA TZA VNM CIB JAM Sri Lanka Green Dwarf Kundasale Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Green Dwarf Murusi Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Mirishena Semi Tall Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Red Dwarf Sri Lanka IND IND LKA LKA LKA VNM DGEC VNM Sri Lanka Red Dwarf Kundasale Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Sri Lanka IND IND IND JAM SLB CIB JAM Sri Lanka Tall Adikarigoda Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Aluthwatta Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Ambakelle Sri Lanka CIV CIV LKA LKA LKA THA CHRC THA Sri Lanka Tall Ambakelle Speci Sri Lanka LKA LKA LKA CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Ampara Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Andigama Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Aparekka Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Batheegama Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Beliatta Sri Lanka LKA LKA CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Blackstone Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Bogamuwa Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Dadella Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Damana Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Debarayaya Sri Lanka LKA LKA CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Deegawapi Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Dehigahalanda Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Dickwella Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Diddenipotha Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Dothalu Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Galadivulwewa Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Galenbindun Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Gannoruwa Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Goluwapokuna Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Goyambokka Sri Lanka LKA LKA CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Hangiliagama Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Haragama Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Heediwatta Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Horakelle Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Ihalakagama Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Iranawila Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Jambola pol Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Juwan Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Juwan Micro Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Kalagedihena Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Kalawewa Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Kasagala Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Keenakelle Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Kirulapone Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Kivulakelle Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Lanlib Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Magama Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Mahakubukkadawa Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Mahawalatenna Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Malaysia Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Maliboda Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Mangala Eliya Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Marandawila Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Margaret Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Medagama Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Melsiripura Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Millawana Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Moorock Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Muthiyangana Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Namalwatta Sri Lanka LKA LKA CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Nittambuwa Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Ocean Hill Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Palugaswewa Sri Lanka LKA LKA CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Pamunugama Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Pitiyakanda Sri Lanka LKA LKA CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Raddegoda Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Rambukkana Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Ran pol Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Razeena Sri Lanka LKA LKA CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Saint Anne's Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Sidurupitiya Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Sithrakala Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Spicata Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Thammenna Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Thatin Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Theladiriya Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Unawatuna Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Vijithapura Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Wackwella Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Walahapitiya Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Wanathawill brackish groundwater desalination water importation ships brackish waters nursery braided fences branches throughout Fiji branding originwill Brazil Cook Islands Côte dIvoire Fiji Brazil Cook Islands Côte dIvoire Fiji Brazil Ghana Papua New Guinea Malaysia main limiting factors mentioned collection curators germplasm used breeding lack information knowledge particularly evaluation materials constraints accessing materials quarantine policies relative narrow Brazil Ghana Papua New Guinea Malaysia main limiting factors mentioned collection curators germplasm used breeding lack information knowledge particularly evaluation materials constraints accessing materials quarantine policies relative narrow Brazil Green Dwarf compact dwarfs thick stems large boles more resistant cyclones like Niu Leka Preliminary surveys Brazil India Thailand Brazil Principe Brazil Thailand India Brazilian longitudinal study adult health ELSA Brazil Journal American College Nutrition World Health Organization Outcome Twelfth Pacific Health Ministers Meeting Rarotonga Cook Islands August No WPR/ /DPS/ Manila https //iris wpro Brazilian University break trunks
smaller pieces dry them then burn Fine chipping will breakage near base frond younger leaves age they too will Breeders Working Group breederscollection combat loss through prevailing emerging pest breeding Breeding Accra Ghana October INGENIC Ghana Cocoa Breeding Improved Production breeding objectives there breeding occurs breeding programs conducted well trained professionals Expertiseneeded assess breeding programs gene banks presently existing Pacific region help developing local skills create new programs facilitate international collaboration between these programs SPC could play crucial role process ensuring safe germplasm exchanges between countries suggestion organizing variety contest should encouraged local national regional level order increase awareness diversity existing within countries region breeding purposes Rules commercial products germplasm introduction
slightly differ breeding research programs conducted past Thisparticularly preoccupying Tonga Solomon French Polynesia Management information systems should improved ministries research centre technical information effectively archived long run Revive breeding programs Pacific region examples Côte dIvoire Vanuatu show yield increase best existing hybrids can obtained one generation testing combining ability individual male parents Conduct more studies breedingweak brightly lit warships which Oryctes beetles Brigitte Laliberté email brig lalib@gmail com We would grateful if you could provide updated list accessions inclusion International Cacao Germplasm Database ICGD which forms key part Global Strategy CacaoNet help identifying unique germplasm held collections http //www icgd reading ac uk/index php information can sent format thatmost convenient you Please send updated accession list Dr Chris Turnbull email c j turnbull@reading ac uk bring farmer finding balance requires experience equilibrium indeed depends many factors cost labour economic opportunities selling production bring together genebanks other service providers collectively form CNCC facilitate their effective management CANGIS will bring together genebanks other service providers collectively form GSCC facilitate their effective management CANGIS will brings together national international players both public broadcast sown broader perspective we can say issue has broken level stem winds brown brown coloured sprout instead orange Thampan et al Pramod et al These off types natural crosses between COD surrounding Tall palms brown fruit floral flavours inherited brown fruit floral flavours inherited brown fruit floral flavourScavina SCA though bean sizesmall Some cultivated populations derived brown fruit floral flavourScavina SCA though bean sizesmall Some cultivated cacao populations derived brown seedlings popular among Indian farmers brown sprouts planting means green father brown mother brown sugar processing business Advances Agriculture & Botanics Grunert K G Food quality safety consumer perception demand European review agricultural economics Nutraceuticals world Vegetarian & Vegan Consumers Unhappy Lack Product Options https //www nutraceuticalsworld com/contents/view_breaking news/ /vegetarian vegan consumers unhappy with lack of product options Harvest post harvest handling budded new varieties but other cases every tree entire farmreplaced similar trendapparent other regions tropical America current global ex situ budwood gardens clonal varieties national level secure use budwood gardens clonal varieties national level secure use cocoa build current germplasm enhancement build current germplasm enhancement build current knowledge build current knowledge building partnerships cocoa bulk cocoa bulkcocoa bunch spaying presence pest burdened extensive caring obligations developing countries burned fuel timberused basic material construction burning exudates sap Occurrence severity Bogia Syndromea major concern coconutan important food trade source PNG Bogia Syndrome phytoplasma also attacks some varieties cooking bananas betelnut other palms burnt engine oil innermost leaf bases repel adult beetles placing naphthalene balls leaf bases insecticides biological control practised worldwide control CRB Coconut rhinoceros beetles business model while reassuring companies they will but but but but can combine both discrete categorical continuous variable but can combine both discrete categorical continuous variable but can combine both discrete categorical continuous variable but can combine both discrete categorical continuous variable but can reduce damage more than Secondly traps should continuously maintained timely replacement pheromone Thirdly experience oil palm plantations Sri Lanka reveals pheromone traps more effective if used large plantations >ha If small scale growers opt use pheromone traps they should installed community wide i e install traps village but lot remains done area discussed another section manual ppromoting joint private public but there existed many landraces serving but there existed many landraces serving widely differing purposes including food drink making ropes containers medicine building houses braiding Between copra became huge colonial business number palms but which butincluded Article b under which two international collections held CATIE CRU/UWI fall Therefore Trust
offer route manage funds designated cacao conservation Funding decisions Trust based priorities identified agreed internationally recognised Networks experts key stakeholders clearly defined global crop strategies Trust developed priorities guiding principles allocation funds set specific criteria met before collection will butter chocolate Statistics butter high volume chocolate production butter leaving cocoa butteralso used buy jeopardizes whole Solomon Industry demandstrongly conditioned cyclone occurrence Southeast Asia Producing seednuts seedlingsalso way diversifying most Pacific countries marketnot regulated yet When selling planting materials mindful offering good quality seeds palms buy seednuts buying companies main non food products include shell based products activated carbon briquette shell charcoal coir fibre coir pith/dust crude oil used cosmetic products Main food products copra its oil virgin oil milk cream desiccated mature husked immature whole coconuts sugar nata de coco water plain buying copra marketing copra price stabilization scheme began protect farmers buying excessive amounts land some Pacific countries without traditional barrier undivided ownership most small islands motu would buying excessive amounts land some Pacific countries without traditional barrier undivided ownership most small islands motu would buying their crops Farmers get further trapped debt when natural disasters diseases occur Smallholders vulnerable disasters By R V Kumar V Mataora U Remudu J L Konan Konan Description method consisting simply harvesting seednuts bestpalms C C Commercially oil C Montagnon Bottom left Cacao diversity CATIEs ex situ C Montagnon Bottom left diversity CATIEs ex situ cacao cacao cacao cacao cacao cacao cacao Cacao breeders germplasm curators should take full advantage new genomics tools which enable cacao breeding cacao breeding perspective was also obtained cacao cacao treegrown tropics most production cacao farming cacao germplasm accessions ex situ cacao germplasm collection holders worldwide establish
understanding current status their collections their future needs see annex cacao germplasm generated germplasm managers users included GSCC information portal Increased exchange dissemination accessibility information valuable traits cacao germplasm users Increased interest participation farmers breeders cacao germplasm maintained ex situ Cacao germplasm groups Cacao germplasm groups cacao germplasm identification priority materials establishment GSCC identification unique materials would done through analysis duplicates based characterisation cacao highly dependent genes varieties characterized conserved other countries regions Effective management cacao cacao highly dependent genes varieties developed conserved other countries cacao highly dependent genes varieties developed conserved other countries cacao highly dependent genes varieties developed conserved situ ex situ cacao Importance cacao cacao plantations consist currently cacao production cacao should taste like West African Amelonado cacaoexpected occur based ecological other factors Geographic Information System GIS will cacaogrown there likelihood irreversible CacaoNet expects continue facilitate dialogue between ITPGRFA countries maintaining cacao materials targeted GSCC order encourage countries follow example CATIE CRU/UWI place selected accessions under Treaty process developing GSCCrepresented Figure see next page CacaoNet partners CacaoNetgrateful following individuals CacaoNet publi cation Itintended guidelines would sent out CD relevant institutes Translation
French Spanishbeing considered Furthermore recipients will CacaoNet surveys Country Institute Date info Foundation Year collection No accessions today Benin CRA SB March Brazil CEPEC CEPLAC June Brazil CEPLAC/SUEPA
Brazil CEPLAC/SUERO
Brazil ICA July Colombia CORPOICA La Selva FAO VIEWS Costa Rica CATIE February Côte d'Ivoire CNRA August Cuba EIC ECICC June Dominican Republic IDIAF July Ecuador INIAP March Fiji CacaoNet web pages hosts Safe Movement publication Send out copies publication CD Reviewing guidelines CacaoNetgrateful Bioversity Cacau Brazil CEPICAFE Central Piurana de Cafetaleros Peru CEPLAC Comissão Executiva Cacau Brazil CEPICAFE Central Piurana de Cafetaleros Peru CEPLAC Comissão Executiva Cacau CEPEC CEPLAC Comissão Executiva Cacau CEPEC CEPLAC Comissão Executiva Cacaueiro FUNAPE UFG Brazil Translated
English Abreu Richart CE Available Cacaueiro FUNAPE UFG Brazil Translated
English Abreu Richart CE Available Cadang cadang calabacillotype pods Central America IndioMatinaCeylán etc West Indies Créolenorthern South America large scale collecting mission comprehensive study material should undertaken Honduras Nicaragua less calabacillotype pods Central America IndioMatinaCeylán etc West Indies Créolenorthern South America large scale collecting mission comprehensive study material should undertaken Honduras Nicaragua less calculating cost basis means therea simple relationship between number accessions total cost genebank bottom lineobjective study Iteasy see example some genebanks CGIAR call response farm level called Global Strategywill called Global Strategywill called "Cocoa called "Coconut BeltCoconut requires hot moist conditions called hybridcrosses carried out seed gardens some farmers use seeds called meristematic region fruit mites avoid predation using habitats difficult predators access bracts apparently also provide protection against direct action many acaricides called modernfamilies eat less called orthodoxseed storage But cacao seeds recalcitrant i e they normally germinate soon they removed called orthodoxseed storage But seeds recalcitrant i e they normally germinate naturally using free water avalaible inside cannot survive drying process and/or storage low temperature Therefore germplasm called orthodoxseed storage but thisnot possible cacao whose seeds recalcitrant i e they normally germinate soon they removed called orthodoxseed storage but thisnot possible whose seeds recalcitrant i e they normally germinate soon they removed Calliandra fallow fields planting climbing beans campaigns could also dangerous it remains difficult assess consequences launching another commercial war Coconut water campuses golf courses backyards resorts campuses research institute sites golf courses farmers germplasm exchange As previously highlighted considerable range can can assimilated forced land grabbing its obviously short term risk farmers their communities In Samoa Olomanu Seed Garden gene bank located West part Upolu Island was place can eliminated can even ruined if prices fall production can exported under different rules In addition basic food safety standards private standards include organic fair trade Rain Forest Alliance non GMO certifications In Pacific region organic movementmainly driven farmers often governcan grown along coastal areas help hold soil together reduce chances coastal soil erosion Costal Protection Units CPUs developed Cook Islands can installed along shoreline trap build sand eroded areas counteract coastal erosion Boulders can also used instead concrete seawalls Maintaining gaps between boulders helps waves safely release huge amount energy they carry without causing damage elsewhere case solid concrete seawalls rebuffed waves can harbour disease carrying insects which especially dangerous young age Occurrence severity Pacific farmers use little cover can needs between years disappear wild lack technical knowledgenot specific Pacific region quite can rehabilitated even extent which it can rehabilitated even extent which it can remain latent symptom less can remain latent symptom less can removed bare hands Niu 'utongau variety was said found quantity can replaced new ones without removing old palms can resist evolving pest can resist evolving pest can store products buy low prices resell when prices go other hand times over can survive more than years lifespan accessions ex situ can tolerate heat stress perform successful pollination higher temperatures than critical i e even can used It ensures protection can vegetative canned food which could prepared locally Many traditional cosmetic preparations including famous Monoïdeserve
valued marketed name isolated island must used trademark cans factories level processingcurrently capability regenerate true to type germplasm they conserving ex situ capacity propagate prepare ship disease free materials lack policy cover Caption list populations Population endangered conserved care anymore careful communication implementation Otherwise it
jeopardize national acceptance innovation create community troubles both farmers extension services case inappropriate communication example could Caribbean Agricultural Research Development Institute CARDI found unacceptable levels coliforms water was Caribbean Islands including Cuba Dominican Republic Grenada Jamaica Trinidad Tobago countries Central South America Caribbean Islands including Cuba Dominican Republic Grenada Jamaica Trinidad Tobago countries Central South America carried out carried out carried out Farmers carried out Field maintenance labelling Characterization taxonomic traits flower colour flush colour pod bean size etc Characterization using molecular markers Evaluation yield traits pod bean traits Field observations disease pest carried out SSR genotyping understand diversity cocoa carried out through international collaboration carried out through international collaboration Most planting materiallow yielding often dur carried out through international collaboration participation partners Therenow urgent revision former Global Strategy conservation use carried out through international collaboration participation partners protection areas situ conservation would benefit producer countries there should therefore international participation efforts safeguard them Furthermore most nations regions involved improvement production carried out through international collaboration Revisiting concept Global Networked Collection carried out through international collaboration Therenow urgent integrated Global Strategy conservation use cacao carried out will carried out will Carry out training farmers educate them appropriate management techniques Carry out demonstrations/research various management practices case ancient modern Criollo varieties with sweet nutty flavours Trinitario fruity flavours Ecuadorian Nacional arribamainly floral flavour Selections were case ancient modern Criollo varieties with sweet nutty flavours Trinitario fruity flavours Ecuadorian Nacional arribamainly floral flavour Selections were case collections in Nigeria accessions Ghana accessions Côte dIvoire accessions Papua New Guinea accessions Some collections also removed accessions part rationalization case collections in Nigeria accessions Ghana accessions Côte dIvoire accessions Papua New Guinea accessions Some collections also removed accessions part rationalization case Pacific region westernization dietary habits also case studies case studies Case studies ten genebanks Brazil Côte dIvoire Fiji Case studies ten genebanks Brazil Côte dIvoire Fiji cases heavy infestation cash income copra produced French Polynesiapurchased its entirety SA Huilerie de Tahiti regard less cassava accessions cassava accessions cassava collectioncharacterized using diagnostic isozyme markers Further characterization
considered one off optimization cost Safety duplication CIP coconut water recurring cost because it involves vitro cultures require annual subculture cassava collectioncharacterized using diagnostic isozyme markers Further characterization
considered one off optimization cost Safety duplication CIP coconut water recurring cost because it involves vitro cultures require annual subculture casually moved fruits treatmentincompatible organic certification Alternatives available but these also pest Casuarina native trees Casuarina other plants preferably native trees catch diseases which transmitted estates farmers Categorization prioritization suggested incentives Categorizing risks CATIE CRU/UWI Treaty Standard Material Transfer Agreement SMTA used should passed third party ICQC Rusing SMTA distribute material received CATIE CRU/UWI Treaty Standard Material Transfer Agreement SMTA used should passed third party ICQC Rusing SMTA distribute material received cause contamination water kernel insecticide Carbofuran cause seedling mortality dur cause them spread Concerning environmental effects caused technical changes control risks caused death millions palms caused deaths around affected trees caused its assessment amended Conservation management strategies caused phytoplasmas caused serious problems Upolu Island dozen palms causes more concern than other pest causing losses value chain CD mail following address School Biological Sciences Harborne Building University Central America Mexico original source experimental germplasm CATIE International Cacao Collection IC which currently Central America Mexico South America Caribbean Asia Africa Trinitario predominant group however therealso significant representation upper lower Amazon Forasteros less central Mexico down through Central America including Guatemala Belize Honduras El Salvador circum Caribbean region including Mexico Central America Caribbean known cocoa central Pacific atoll Geology Kumar L Eliot I Nunn P D Stul T & McLean R indicative index physical susceptibility small islands coastal erosion induced climate change application Pacific islands Geomatics Natural Hazards Risk McNamara K E & Des Combes H J Planning community relocations dur Central South America www cabi org Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza CATIE collection CATIE was initiated Turrialba Costa Rica part strategy Inter American Institute Cooperation Agriculture IICA promote exchange germplasm tropical crops CATIEs collection was registered International Board Plant centre diversity cacao main source original material ICG T was Marper Farm established F J Pound following his expeditions upper Amazon Centre x Collection cost adjusted Centre x Collection cost adjusted Centre x Collection cost adjusted Centre x Collection cost adjusted Centre x Collection cost adjusted Centre x Collection cost adjusted Centre x Collection cost adjusted where needed derived Centre x Collection cost adjusted where needed derived Centre x Collection cost derived Centre x collection cost summaries current Bioversity Centre x collection cost summaries current This section provides summarized information annual one off costs maintaining distributing germplasm related information each main CGIAR crop collections one off costs introducing new materials above background acquisition rate reducing regeneration other backlogs given Section Bioversity Centre x collection cost summaries current This section provides summarized information annual one off costs maintaining distributing germplasm related information each main CGIAR crop collections one off costs introducing new materials above background acquisition rate reducing regeneration other backlogs given Section Bioversity Centres reduce over Centres reduce over centuries already lost dynamics centuries already lost extent loss traditional agricultural knowledgecertainly much higher Nowadays traditional plantations Pacific region show high level variability especially fruit shape weight kernel water contents middle copra plantation few palms certain activities programs projects because environmental economic social certification assist cost acquiring maintaining organic certification ensure there trained personnel assist monitor organic farmers farms especially smallholders instil disciplines quality control assurance Governcertificationdesigned processors exporters traders certifications when importing products Achieving certification these standardsa difficult process smallholders can often jeopardize their access markets Thispresently case bottled water absence quality standards
result poor products buyers will certified organic during certain period CFC/ICCO/Bioversity CFC/ICCO/Bioversity CFC/ICCO/Bioversity CFC/ICCO/Bioversity CFD disease Vanuatu further research Malayan Red Dwarf MRD variety most sensitive CFD But MRD can vaccinatednursery CFDactive sent other Vanuatu islands no problem CGIAR allocating restricted budget activities COGENT CGIAR Consortium Board Trustees financial support to CGIAR center genebanks annex CGIAR costing study annex CGIAR costing study annex CGIAR costing study annex CGIAR costing study BB = cost estimated banana maintained Bioversity CGIAR costing study BB = cost estimated banana maintained Bioversity CGIAR costing study Operation Description Acquisition Activities related receiving processing newly introduced accessions Includes Shipping packing Permits paperwork Most activities under cover CGIAR costing study Operation Description Acquisition Activities related receiving processing newly introduced accessions Includes Shipping packing Permits paperwork Most activities under cover CGIAR costing study Securing existing ex situ CGIAR costing study specific costs detailed CGIAR costing study vegetatively propagated crops adjusted inflation rate per year calculations explained footnotes each cost estimate annex CGIAR costing study specific costs detailed CGIAR costing study vegetatively propagated crops adjusted inflation rate per year calculations explained footnotes each cost estimate annex CGIAR costing study Strenghthening communication CGIAR GCDT CIRAD providing CGIAR genebanks costing study CGIAR Proposal annex CGIAR genebanks costing study Tool operation Tool guidelines What should included Using activities identified ICWG critical Does CGIAR genebanks costing study Tool operation Tool guidelines What should included Using activities identified ICWG critical Does CGIAR proposal CGIAR proposal chain chain crossing chain oil products feed application EU https //www fediol eu/data/Rev_RA food coconut_ pdf Guarte R C Mühlbauer W & Kellert M Drying characteristics copra quality copra oil Postharvest Biology Technology Pereira V S Mendes J W D S Oliveira L coconut water Mangueira C E coconut water Rodrigues E M & Figueredo F G Determination thermotolerant coliforms present water produced bottled Northeast Brazil Brazilian Journal Food Technology Pineiro M Manual application HACCP system mycotoxin prevention control Food & Agriculture Org http //www fao org//a y e pdf Palatability practicality products chain oil products SPC challenges farmer collectives challenging People challenging regenerate them During last years many countries change amount annual feepresently change regulations Certification Food Safety Standard Organic costly exercise currently change requirements
vary changes regarding certain specifications maximum lead level fruit juices reduced changes regarding image
impact global representation tropical countries when compared temperate climate countries Coconut main symbol tropics its imagechanging characterization evaluation quality performance narrow characterization evaluation quality performance narrow characterizationcarried separate operation regeneration Identification duplicates synonymous grouping DNA markers Field planting confirm morphological chars Management duplicates Taxonomy/ verification Maintenance herbarium collection Maintenance seed herbaria collection Imaging maintaining images Molecular characterization PCR other molecular procedures Analysis formation core collection reference sets Safety duplication characterizationcarried separate operation regeneration Identification duplicates synonymous grouping DNA markers Field planting confirm morphological chars Management duplicates Taxonomy/ verification Maintenance herbarium collection Maintenance seed herbaria collection Imaging maintaining images Molecular characterization PCR other molecular procedures Analysis formation core collection reference sets Safety duplication charcoal could added container when filling it soil When planting bare rooted seedlings both husks dried green leaves manure biochar/charcoal can placed planting hole Modifications depend nature soils atoll soils special attention regarding micro nutrients cheapest checked NNNN improved again LLLL expected length section words ZZ Numeric value missing RRRR reference needed COGENT chemical applications combined adapted cultivation techniques can prevent parasite attacks Still no preventionavailable extreme climate event Regarding reparation insurance can priori solve most bad consequences unexpected event But cost
prohibitive fixing decent price insurance Another challengeto analyse possible combination risks chemical class n methyl carbamates also commonly employed Studies indicate water
contaminated pest chemical fertilization help them recover chemical fertilizers herbicides pest China Agricultural Systems ©R Plate Free distribution seedlings chocolate beans chocolate industry high quality cocoa chocolate manufacturingsector chocolate privatesector choice between panel varieties panel should include least Tall varieties Dwarf varieties Hybrid varieties then farmers generally decide plant test more than one variety Private companies reseasing seednuts Malaysia India Another choice largest nuts taken choose cheapest choose option It seemed preferable propose concise questionnaire then eventually ask more information more participation Chris Turnbull INSTITUTIONAL INFORMATION & Institute name address Name address institution holding collection Name institution Address Country Curator managing cacao collection Last name First name Address Email Please give your name if chupon mature tree techniqueused example Sulawesi ACIAR project Mars Vision Change V C project Côte dIvoire Once graft takesolder part tree can cut away Clones via tissue culture induction somatic embryogenesis explants maturation these embryos
plantletsa laboratory based procedure bulk selected improved variety plantlets weaned under nursery conditions supplied farmers young plants techniqueused Nestlé Tours working institutes Ecuador Indonesia ICCRI Côte dIvoire Penn State University chupon mature tree techniqueused example Sulawesi ACIAR project Mars Vision Change V C project Côte dIvoire Once graft takesolder part tree can cut away Clones via tissue culture induction somatic embryogenesis cocoa chupon mature unimproved tree Clonal gardens created strategic locations build capacity produce budwoods Community based participatory research approachused involve farmers process selection multiplication good planting material regeneration their ageing Cacao tree Clonal propagation superior germplasm via tissue culture induction somatic embryogenesis cocoa CIAT cassava Operations No samples Total cost Total average cost Capital cost Periodi city Annua lized costs One off Acquisition One off Characterization Identification duplicates & integrity One off Safety duplication Cryopreservation In vitro conservation Health testing & thermatherapy One off Distribution Information management General management Total CIAT Cassava footnotes Molecular biochemical characterizationrecorded one off operation CIAT cassava Operations No samples Total cost Total average cost Capital cost Periodi city Annua lized costs One off Acquisition One off Characterization Identification duplicates & integrity One off Safety duplication Cryopreservation In vitro conservation Health testing & thermatherapy One off Distribution Information management General management Total CIAT Cassava footnotes Molecular biochemical characterizationrecorded one off operation CIDP Categorizing risk value chain September Fields surveys Fiji CIDP meeting Production CIDP meeting Production CIDP meeting Production CIRAD Bioversity CIRAD COPAL ICCO Mars University CIRAD CRA CRIG CRU/UWI MCB Penn State University CIRAD researchers March available scientific documentation Based proposed outline Global Strategy scientists stakeholders were contacted solicit technical documentation advices direct contributions writing process was conducted via COGENT circumscribed their owners attempts replant palms circumvented others we can citizens crowd
often over CIV CIV CIV FJI IND IND IND JAM JAM JAM LKA MYS SLB TON TZA VUT VUT VUT WSM WSM CIB JAM Niu Vai Tall Tonga TON WSM TON TON Noid Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Noid Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Noid Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Nok Koom Green Dwarf Thailand Thailand CHRC THA North Cotabato Tall Dagupan Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL North Cotabato Tall Magpet Philippines Philippines PHL PHL North Cotabato Tall Taluntalun Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Nu Ati Red Dwarf Samoa Samoa WS WSM Nu Fella Tall France IND IND IND IND Nu Gili Tall France IND IND IND IND Nu Himi Kupien Tall France IND IND IND IND Nu Quawen Tall France IND IND IND IND Nu Wallis Tall France IND IND IND IND Nu Wehnug Tall France IND IND IND IND Oenggauk Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Oro Tall Ajoa Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Oro Tall Kikibator Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Oro Tall Saiho Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG PagandaranTall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Pak Chok Tall long fruited Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Pak Chok Tall round fruited Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Pakistan Tall Pakistan PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAK PAKI PAK Palakahembing Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Palapi Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Palu Tall Indonesia CIV CIV IDN IDN IDN IDN IPRI IDN Panama Tall Panama IND IND JAM JAM CIB JAM Panama Tall Aguadulce Panama CIV CIV GHA TZA NCDP TZA Panama Tall Jamaica Jamaica IND IND IND IND Panama Tall Monagre Panama CIV CIV GHA TZA NCDP TZA Pandan Tall Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Pandu Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Pangandaran Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Pangasinan Tall Galarin Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Pangasinan Tall Payar Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Pangasinan Tall Santa Lucia Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Papua New Guinea Red Dwarf Papua New Guinea PNG PNG SRS PNG Papua New Guinea Yellow Dwarf Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Paslaten Tall Indonesia IDN IDN IPRI IDN Pathiu Green Dwarf Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Pemba Green Dwarf Mauritius IND IND IND IND Pemba Red Dwarf Mauritius Mauritius IND IND IND IND Pemba Red Dwarf Tanga Tanzania TZA TZA NCDP TZA Pemba Red Dwarf Zanzibar Tanzania TZA TZA NCDP TZA Pemba Red Tall Mauritius IND IND IND IND Pemba Yellow Dwarf Mauritius Mauritius IND IND Peru Tall Peru Peru CIB JAM Philippines Dailig Tall Philippines IND IND IND IND Philippines Kalambahim Tall Philippines IND IND IND IND Philippines Lono Tall Philippines IND IND IND IND IND Philippines Ordinary Tall Philippines IND IND IND IND IND Philippines Palawan Tall Philippines IND IND IND IND Pikit Tall Calawag Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Pikit Tall Magpet Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Pilipog Green Dwarf Philippines CIV CIV PHL PHL PHL VUT VUT VT VUT Pilipog Green Dwarf Taveuni Fiji claims prevention treatment nutritional values new change also requires potential allergens labelled list ingredients Additionally product must free classes Importantly initial population differentiation selection representative subsets classes Importantly initial population differentiation selection representative subsets classical genebanks Most farmers cannot afford Conservation form field collections cleaning but has cleaning but has cleaning Cryopreservationstill cleaning Cryopreservationstill clear distinct traits its name will clear focus price marketing issue which seems quite natural but also conscious economic consequences age plantation policy coordination failures Plate Crossing respondentsjobs nature constraints Another result calls further investigation focus policy makers labour land issues Perhaps its because they feel they can play these two factors through laws regulations incentives when other constraints risks clearly clearly clearly important area collaboration whole cocoa clickssimply searching word coconutwebsite Ministries Agriculture climate change adaptation Mobility helps balance labour shortages transfer skills generate remittances Successful mobility also helps adapt climate risks climate change cyclones climate change Fiji climate change increasing frequency extremely hot days sea level rise other oceanic environmental ecological changes Some low lying atoll islands around world could disappear dur climate change Inland erosion will climate change main challengeto sustainably intensify production climate change notably dry seasons getting longer harsher less climate change notably dry seasons getting longer harsher less climate change river climate change sea level rise leading mass migration threatening existence climate disasters can threaten human animal lives One worst coconut related stories was recorded Kaukura atoll Tuamotus French Polynesia Copra harvesters were surprised storm during seasonal occupation motu cyclone killed people Mitigation adaptation Be aware stay continuously informed national weather services launching cyclonic tsunami alerts Take precautions Climate Risk Management Tittonell P & Giller K E When yield gaps poverty traps paradigm ecological intensification African smallholder agriculture Field Crops Research farming climatic hazards will climbed mainly manually whichrisky Rejuvenation programmes require climbing roughly palms climbing again palm India fruits climbing machines organize contests between growers big prices funded governclogging their rivers streams Those living near rivers streams should clonal propagation clonal propagation clonal trials Quarantine incoming/outgoing material Virus indexing Dissemination farmers Germplasm exchange other institutes Safety duplication other institutes How clone varieties simultaneously yield disease resistance pod index Côte dIvoire two cycles recurrent selection were carried out between Upper Amazon Lower Amazon plus Trinitario populations before initiating reciprocal recurrent selection best intra group crosses currently clone varieties simultaneously yield disease resistance pod index Côte dIvoire two cycles recurrent selection were carried out between Upper Amazon Lower Amazon plus Trinitario populations before initiating reciprocal recurrent selection best intra group crosses currently clones clones clones security characterization distribution purposes Ex situ clones security characterization distribution purposes Ex situ clones selected witchesbroom disease resistance apparently interesting also specific flavour traits Over clones selected witchesbroom disease resistance apparently interesting also specific flavour traits Over close cyclone eye On Taveuni Island Fiji close Dwarf x Tall Hybrids close Dwarf x Tall Hybrids close links cocoa closely related LYLD phytoplasmas occur Malaysia Sri Lanka Indonesia Bogia Syndrome LYLD was identified near Madang PNG causal phytoplasma 'Candidatus Phytoplasma noviguineense' related but different cluster groups face These can form following coconut water capacity FOs provide essential support services their members terms agronomy support provision technology cluster translate success processing/exporting stage Actions undertake cm below bottom node Above top node leave much length possible Plant bags filled potting mixture bags kept partial shade until buds open cm per year Even if their growth strongly reduces age they generally reach stem length cm was naturally selected CNCC every year Average based activities introducing accessions vitro Bioversity CNCC every year Average based activities maintaining accessions vitro CIAT cassava CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA banana cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA banana cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated number new accessions requested distributed CNCC management responsibility identified accessions would reside various genebank curators Long term funding will coastal flooding tsunamis one idea coral atolls
cocoa Cocoa Cocoa cocoa cocoa cocoa cocoa cocoa cocoa cocoa cocoa cocoa cocoa cocoa cocoa cocoa cocoa cocoa cocoa cocoa cocoa Cocoa cocoa cocoa cocoa cocoa cococonut collections they urgently safeguarded studied especially researchers which trying propagate palm vitro On other hand plant coconut coconut AAAA Arançon Mike Foales LLLL Despite enormous potential crop farmers past mostly scraped living well below poverty line They were marginalized Coconut breeders germplasm curators should take full advantage new genomics tools which enable coconut If our Fiji coconut Importance coconut lack sufficient regular national funding researcha major challenge faced many Pacific Islands countries involvement private companies
help complement lack governcoconut pod borer mirids/capsids mosquito bug other insect pest coconut Reliable information coconut Reliable information coconutexpected occur based ecological other factors Geographic Information System GIS will coconutgrowing Communication marketing strategies Pacific countries should consider strengthen symbolism Coconut field work remains too hard when compared other oil crops must done help farmers reduce burden Itexpected manual will coconutgrown there likelihood irreversible coconutmust avoided Examples given below Agta Tall Agtaa vernacular name describing prominent trait blackish necrotic pericarp Markham Valley Tall Markham Valleya place name Indian West Coast Tall was renamed coconuts export producers small island countries Pacific their production coconuts having another specific good taste exist Pacific region It
found populations Tall type palms coconuts Larger countries should consider establishment separate units within their Ministries team focused coconuts Corruption agriculture can mitigated through careful project selection good project implementation procedures Fink proposed coconuts million hectares worldwide smallholders tending less coconuts million hectares worldwide smallholders tending less coconuts non tropical climates Studies conducted Florida shows palms Cocos nucifera tropical islands Canadian Journal Zoology annex Code ISO PASS CHAR Code site CGRD Code site FAO Adirampatanam Tall India India IND IND Aertembaga Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Agailjhara Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Agta Tall Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL PHL Aguinaldo Tall Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Aklan Tall Matabana Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Aklan Tall Pinamuc an Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Aklan Tall San Fernando Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Anda Tall Binuling Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Anda Tall Tondol Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Andaman Giant Tall India CIV CIV CIV IND IND IND IND IND Andaman Green Dwarf India India IND IND Andaman Ordinary Tall India CIV CIV CIV GHA IND IND IND LKA OPRI GHA Andaman Ranguchan Tall India IND IND IND IND IND Andaman Yellow Dwarf India India IND IND Antique Tall Batuan Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Antique Tall Mapatag Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Antique Tall Tabayon Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Aromatic Green Dwarf Philippines CIV CIV IDN MYS MYS MYS MYS MYS PHL PHL PHL THA VUT VUT CHRC THA Aru Australi Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Atkapalia Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Ayiramkachi Tall India IND IND IND IND Babang Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Babugonj Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Bagerhat Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Bagharpara Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Bago Oshiro Tall Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL VNM DGEC VNM Baguer Green Dwarf Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Baibara Tall Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Bali Tall Indonesia IDN IDN IDN IDN IPRI IDN Bali Yellow Dwarf Indonesia IDN IDN IDN IDN IDN IDN IPRI IDN Ballesteros Tall Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Ballesteros Tall Cagayan Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Ballesteros Tall Tarraq Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Banawali Green Dwarf India India CRI LKA Banga Green Dwarf Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Bangladesh Orange Dwarf Chinas Bangladesh Bangladesh IND IND Bangladesh Tall Agailjhara Bangladesh Bangladesh IND IND Bangladesh Tall Bagharpara l Bangladesh Bangladesh IND IND Bangladesh Tall BARI Narikel Bangladesh Bangladesh IND IND Bangladesh Tall BARI Narikel I Bangladesh Bangladesh IND IND Bangladesh Tall Deshi Narikel Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Bangladesh Tall Jhenaidah Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Bangladesh Tall Kayemkola Bangladesh Bangladesh IND IND Bangladesh Tall Nator Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Bangladesh Tall Pubail Bangladesh Bangladesh IND IND Bangladesh Tall Rupdia Bangladesh Bangladesh IND IND Bangladesh Tall Shundhi Bangladesh BGD BGD BARI BGD Bangladesh Tall Uzipur Bangladesh Bangladesh IND IND Bani Tall Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Banigan Tall Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Banyuwangi Tall Indonesia IDN IDN IPRI IDN Basey Tall Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Bataan Tall Kitaotao Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Bataan Tall Mianay Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Bataan Tall Tenejero Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Bato Bato Tall Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Batu Kapal Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Bawan Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Baybay Tall Philippines CIV CIV PHL PHL PHL PHL PHL PHL VUT VUT VT VUT Beber Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Bellona Tall Solomon Islands Solomon Islands YSI SLB Benaulim Tall India IND IND IND IND IND Bhola Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Bibinoi Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Bitunuris Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Blanchisseuse Tall Trinidad Tobago IND IND IND IND IND Bodiri Tall Sri Lanka LKA LKA CRI LKA Bogra Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Bora Bora Tall France France IND IND Borneo Tall Indonesia IND IND IND IND Borongan Tall Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Botolan Tall Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Bougainville Tall Papua New Guinea JAM JAM CIB JAM Boyolali Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Brazilian Green Dwarf Brazil BRA CIV CIV LKA LKA LKA VUT VUT VT VUT Brazilian Tall Barreirinhas Brazil Brazil BRA BRA Brazilian Tall Merepe Brazil Brazil BRA BRA Brazilian Tall Praia Codes countries institutions of COGENT Codes developing Draft Strategy HHHH immediate help MMMM missing text add VJVJ reviewed Vincent Johnson RBRB reviewed Roland Coffee Research Programme Instituto Nacional Autónomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Freddy Amores France CIRAD MPL February Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement Montpellier France Philippe Lachenaud French Guiana CIRAD February Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement French Guiana Philippe Lachenaud Ghana CRIG August Cocoa COGENT COGENT COGENT COGENT COGENT COGENT COGENT COGENT COGENT COGENT COGENT cold can wreak havoc if temperature drops less cold episodes it
jeopardize larger areas Research conducted Sri Lanka cold weather Polynesians living Austral Islands southern French Polynesia also suffer greatly collaborate closely archaeologists historians least Two Phd Students needed one archaeologist compiling collaborating through number networks projects international legal technical frameworks COGENT collaborating through number networks projects international legal technical frameworks CacaoNetlinking key partners Global Strategy including working closely INGENIC These initiatives funded and/or facilitated thanks support collaboration food scientists new technologies adapted products should developed widely diffused Because lack sustainable collaboration shared priorities can help set agenda national international level aiming more efficient use collaboration shared priorities can help set agenda national international level aiming more efficient use cacao collapse can avoided future B coconut water brief over collapsing it completely Some FOs
become politically involved Their role turns more facilitate political agenda rather than serve agricultural interests their members Collapse collect conserve them ex situ collect conserve them ex situ collected accessions passport characterization evaluation distribution how collected accessions passport characterization evaluation distribution how collected genebanks eventually trials which can provide information useful breeders Developing automated system monitoring updating CNCC information portal particular emphasis linking local systems CANGIS Developing germplasm ordering tracking systems Making CANGIS available community online request feedback Assessing suitability adopting GRIN Global collections collected genebanks eventually trials which can provide information useful breeders Developing automated system monitoring updating GSCC information portal particular emphasis linking local systems CANGIS Developing germplasm ordering tracking systems Making CANGIS available cacao community online request feedback Assessing suitability adopting GRIN Global collections collected Passport collected will collecting expeditions breeding programmes Figure Process development Global Networked Collection CNCC C Turnbull Reading Univ main difference between wild population landracesthat landraces selection collecting expeditions breeding programmes Figure Process development Global Strategic Cacao Collection GSCC C Turnbull Reading Univ main difference between wild population landracesthat landraces selection collecting input particularly collecting input particularly collecting input particularly collecting input particularly collecting mission collection collection black pod witchesbroom enhancement programmes CRU/UWI frosty pod CATIE will collection black pod witchesbroom enhancement programmes CRU/UWI frosty pod CATIE will collection changed past years Estimated number accessions Number How many accessions collection Costa Rica coconut water Mata/W Phillips Bottom right beans collection Costa Rica coconut water Mata/W Phillips Bottom right Cacao beans collection Even if collection expeditions obtain primary germplasm collection good combining ability yield However these proved generally highly susceptible frosty pod which arrived Costa Rica s Since mid s main objective collection Indexing/sanitation vitro subculture Seed processing This activity packing cleaning drying seeds storage collection Indexing/sanitation vitro subculture Seed processing This activity packing cleaning drying seeds storage collection management Cacao genebanks addition collecting conserving collection management Coconut genebanks addition collecting conserving collection management Safety duplication germplasm Germplasm Identification characterization evaluation modified title collection management Safety duplication germplasm Identification characterization collection one tick per row Once collection past years How many accessions collection Recording morphological characteristics Identification field material preparation planting etc included under RegenerationUN LESS collection Recording morphological characteristics Identification Regeneration Activity replacing trees collection Recording morphological characteristics Identification field material preparation planting etc included under RegenerationUN LESS collection Recording morphological characteristics Identification Regeneration Activity replacing trees collection whether itstill there collection whether itstill there collectiononly years collections collections collections collections collections accessible public collections accessible public collections accessible public collections accessible public collections acquisition past years Source CacaoNet survey Country Institute Date info No accessions today Accessions acquired since Accessions lost since Benin CRA SB Mar Brazil CEPEC CEPLAC Jun Brazil CEPLAC/SUEPA
Brazil CEPLAC/SUERO
Costa Rica CATIE Feb Côte d'Ivoire CNRA Aug Cuba EIC ECICC Jun Dominican Republic IDIAF Jul Ecuador INIAP Mar France CIRAD Feb French Guiana CIRAD Feb Ghana CRIG Aug Guyana MHOCGA Jul Honduras FHIA Mar India CPCRI Jul Indonesia Bah Lias Mar Indonesia ICCRI Jul Malaysia MCB
Nicaragua UNAN Mar Nigeria CRIN Aug Papua New Guinea CCI Aug Peru CEPICAFE Mar Peru ICT Mar Peru UNAS Feb Peru UNSAAC Mar Thailand CHRC Mar Togo CRAF Aug Trinidad Tobago CRU/UWI
United Kingdom ICQC R Feb United States America USDA Aug Venezuela INIA Feb TOTAL collections collections acquisition past years Source CacaoNet survey table collections acquisition past years Source COGENT collections acquisition past years Source COGENT collections Although there important barriers crossing most related species T use modern tools protoplasm fusion embryo rescue collections Although there important barriers crossing most related species T cacao use modern tools protoplasm fusion embryo rescue collections An estimated collections known exist table collections An estimated collections known exist table collections annex collections annex collections can risk collections can risk collections carried between which included cost estimates collection management see annex collections carried between which included cost estimates collection management see annex collections CIRAD USDA collections CIRAD USDA collections CIRAD USDA addition ICQC R holds accessions available public collections CIRAD USDA addition ICQC R holds cacao accessions available public collections CIRAD USDA Unique valuable materialconserved national collections thus collaborationneeded secure material increase access their use breeding programmes Effective management collections CIRAD USDA Unique valuable materialconserved national collections thus collaborationneeded secure material increase access their use breeding programmes Effective management cacao collections collecting collections collecting collections collecting Early systematic collecting collections collecting Early systematic collecting cacao collections collecting Ensuring situ on farm conservation important collections collecting Ensuring situ on farm conservation important collections collecting Ensuring situ on farm conservation important collections collecting Ensuring situ on farm conservation important collections Collecting germplasm Content ex situ collections collecting main criteria priority setting carry out new collecting actions degrees threat natural habitat filling gaps existing diversity collections Another priorityrelated opportunities
arise collect materials areas have collections collecting main criteria priority setting carry out new collecting actions degrees threat natural habitat cacao filling gaps existing diversity collections Another priorityrelated opportunities
arise collect materials areas have collections collecting situ on farm conservation important collections collecting situ on farm conservation important collections collectively conserving making available materials identified CNCC Through active participation COGENT collections collectively conserving making available materials identified GSCC Through active participation CacaoNet partner will collections consequently increases vulnerability cacao sudden changes climate infection/infestation new pest collections consequently increases vulnerability sudden changes climate infection/infestation new pest collections consist locally selected genotypes belonging mainly traditional varieties introductions collections consist locally selected genotypes belonging mainly traditional varieties introductions collections contain accession collections contain accession collections Content ex situ collections country origin collecting trips should carried out during fruiting season even if it coincides wet season Many previous collecting expeditions especially those prior s collections country origin collecting trips should carried out during fruiting season even if it coincides wet season Many previous collecting expeditions especially those prior s collections Ex situ collections Ex situ collections facilitate its distribution via intermediate quarantine collections facilitate its distribution via intermediate quarantine Developing Global Strategic Cacao Collection GSCC collections Figure main strategic components collections Figure main strategic components collections focusing threatened wild related species landraces materials Setting COGENT collections focusing threatened wild related species landraces materials Setting CacaoNet Working Group planning new collecting actions close consultation authorities countries concerned basis threat information gap analysis identify funding carrying out collection trips Developing agreeing standardized collecting form facilitate uniform entry collections formal safety duplication agreements outside country Reduction unnecessary duplication material ex situ collections formal safety duplication agreements outside country Reduction unnecessary duplication material ex situ collections Graftinga common propagation method used rehabilitation programmes introduced new clones e g CCN Ecuador Peru often bud grafted regenerated young stems chupons old trees collections identification gaps Identifying geographic area threatened collections identification gaps Identifying geographic area threatened collections Identifying those publically maintained unique accessions available use breeders researchers two international collections CRU/UWI CATIE national collections Developing proposal reducing duplication collections Identifying those publically maintained unique accessions available use breeders researchers two international collections CRU/UWI CATIE national collections Developing proposal reducing duplication collections important traits has collections important traits has collections in national well international collections Ensuring situ on farm conservation important collections in national well international collections Ensuring situ on farm conservation important collections in national well international collections successful establishment collections in national well international collections successful establishment collections including adoption GRIN Global addressing urgent issue mislabelling It will collections including adoption GRIN Global addressing urgent issue mislabelling It will collections institutes managing ex situ collections listed box below further described Section contact details can found annex collections listed box below further described Section contact details can found annex collections managed under international standards See annex collections managed under international standards See annex collections More informationavailable IGCD web site collections More informationavailable IGCD web site In COGENT collections more than germplasm duplicated distant location CATIE France CIRAD MPL USA USDA Brazil CEPLEC/SUEPA Brazil CEPEC/CEPLAC Guyana MHOCGA Source Survey Question survey did collections more than germplasm duplicated distant location CATIE France CIRAD MPL USA USDA Brazil CEPLEC/SUEPA Brazil CEPEC/CEPLAC Guyana MHOCGA Source Survey Question survey did collections Most genebanks collections Most genebanks collections Most institutes surveyed collections occasionally Characterization using molecular markerscarried out routine basis collections occasionally Characterization using molecular markerscarried out routine basis collections particularly those held public collections particularly those held public collections partnering CNCC linking CNCC information portal Development situ on farm conservation strategies Diversity analysis complement existing knowledge identify gaps priority collecting Research tissue culture methods safe movement germplasm Establishment regional quarantine network costs annual recurrent management activitiesestimated USD though itanticipated these costs will collections partnering GSCC linking GSCC information portal Development situ on farm conservation strategies Diversity analysis complement existing knowledge identify gaps priority collecting Research tissue culture methods safe movement germplasm Establishment regional quarantine network costs annual recurrent management activitiesestimated USD though itanticipated these costs will collections play crucial role conservation many varieties particularly those collections play crucial role conservation many varieties particularly those disappearing collections play crucial role conservation many varieties particularly those collections play crucial role conservation many varieties particularly those collections Please describe collections primary germplasm still introduced ICG T aim increase representation Criollo group Selected cacao accessions desirable agronomic traits distributed cocoa collections prioritize collecting missions Ensure cost effective long term conservation cacao collections prioritize collecting missions Ensure long term cost effective conservation collections public collections public collections public collections public collections refer geographical areas under collections refer geographical areas under collections related Theobroma Herrania species research should carried out team experts complementary skills taxonomy diversity analysis conservation collections related Theobroma Herrania species research should carried out team experts complementary skills taxonomy diversity analysis conservation collections responded CacaoNet survey between annex collections responded CacaoNet survey between Country Institute's short name Date response Name institution Curator's name Brazil CEPEC CEPLAC June CEPEC/CEPLAC Jose Luis Pires Côte d'Ivoire CNRA August Centre National de Recherche Agronomique CNRA Tahi Gnion Mathias Costa Rica CATIE February Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza CATIE Wilbert Phillips Cuba EIC ECICC June Estación de Investigaciones de Cacao Estación Central de Investigaciones de Café y Cacao EIC ECICC Miguel Menéndez Grenot Dominican Republic IDIAF July Instituto Dominicano de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales Estación Experimental Mata Larga San Francisco de Macoris Marisol Ventura López Ecuador INIAP July Cocoa collections Source Data collections Source Data collections Source Data collections Source Data collections supported public collections supported public collections Therea priority setting identification adequate funding carrying out collecting trips subsequent establishment collected materials ex situ collections Therea priority setting identification adequate funding carrying out collecting trips subsequent establishment collected materials ex situ collections through dissemination was collections through dissemination was collections unique valuable plant collections unique valuable plant collections verified requests materials evaluation coconut water number new local/regional breeding programmes started producing countries based available collections verified requests materials evaluation coconut water number new local/regional breeding programmes started cocoa collections was primarily acquired during few collecting expeditions majority them obtained collections was primarily acquired during few collecting expeditions majority them obtained collections was undertaken CacaoNet between
understand objective collections their content in terms diversity long term security collection management information exchange materials urgent needs priorities addressed through global collaborative strategy annex collections was undertaken COGENT collections were limited collections were limited collections which ICGD collections which ICGD collections widely available electronically General management including professional staff cost Important genebank functions have collections will collections will collections worldwide including accessions held two international collections much germplasmunderused collections worldwide including ZZZ accessions held two international collections much germplasmunderused collections worldwide proposed accessions listed annex collections worldwide proposed accessions listed annex collections would involve field lab work collections would involve field lab work collectionspoorly known Except materials collectionspoorly known Except materials collectionspoorly safety duplicated outside host collection mainly dur collectionspoorly safety duplicated outside host collection mainly dur collectively collectively com FAO www fao org FCC www cocoa com Federation Cocoa combination four elements different nature danger its probability its gravity its acceptability Jacquiot word riskbelongs vocabulary everyday life combination senescent palms combination those name country origin combination threats Along value chain possibilities prevention reparation different stakeholders differ risk exposuretypically higher producers because they combinationmost time impossible reason insurancehardly solution systemic risk related domino effect when damages result combined extensive management areas without decisive improvement labour productivity Occurrence severity conjunction three phenomena
cause causes scarcity labour power extension surfaces low productivity evolution lack adjustment crop calendars In Savaii Island Samoa according Ministry Agriculture Fisheries combining collections single location There many reasons why some genebank operations less come back come difficulty we propose study practical case Fiji come eradication host plant vector insect However Hibiscus tiliaceousoften planted fences come existing come genotype dependent response cacao somatic embryogenesis regeneration step towards greater cost effectiveness coconut water comprehensive assessment individual tree identity understanding phylo come genotype dependent response somatic embryogenesis regeneration step towards greater cost effectiveness coconut water comprehensive assessment individual tree identity understanding phylo come invasive grass Imperata cylindrica local graminea It can used grazed forage crop green manure crop rotations Furthermore it can used prevent soil erosion sloping terrain variety Mucuna pruriens used cover come mainly selfing which generally induces strong inbreeding depression yields If lucky few targeted progeny will come picking seednuts come vagaries conjecture spirit regional approach can useful guarantee larger volumes facilitate negotiation contracts More aggressive market positioning policies would useful coupled communication support quality revelationintrinsic properties Pacific products Showing Pacific products specific comes comes comes comes comes comes coming decades Mr Uron Neil Salum Former Executive Director founder International Community established under UN ESCAP & Current Strategic Adviser Industry Papua New Guinea Epigraphs it not certain everythinguncertain Blaise Pascal We risk much believe too much than believe too little Denis Diderot two great risks coming genotype dependant rooting responses well training efforts aimed transferring propagation technologies other genebanksnecessary Safety duplication germplasm When germplasmnot duplicated separate distant location it makes it extremely vulnerable coming genotype dependant rooting responses well training efforts aimed transferring propagation technologies other genebanksnecessary Improved documentation sharing information germplasm Access germplasm information key traits interest breedersan essential condition plant breeding research agricultural development existing international databases continued support improve accessibility interpretation information available Efforts install and/or improve local information management systems needed most genebanks facilitate accession management coming genotype dependant rooting responses well training efforts aimed transferring propagation technologies other genebanksnecessary Safety duplication germplasm When germplasmnot duplicated separate distant location it makes it extremely vulnerable coming genotype dependant rooting responses well training efforts aimed transferring propagation technologies other genebanksnecessary Improved documentation sharing information germplasm Access cacao germplasm information key traits interest breedersan essential condition plant breeding research agricultural development existing international databases continued support improve accessibility interpretation information available Efforts install and/or improve local information management systems needed most genebanks facilitate accession management coming years CGIAR Proposal annex coming years CGIAR Proposal annex comments regarding information stored CGRD queries regarding germplasm held specific institute s Users acknowledge their access use Commerce Limited FCC Global Cacao Commerce Limited FCC UK based represents some members engaged international cocoa Commerce Limited UK FEDECACAO Federación Nacional de Cacaoteros Colombia FHIA Fundación Hondureña de Investigación Agrícola Honduras FP Frosty pod disease GCCUS Global Cacao Conservation Use Strategy GIS Geographic Information System GPA Global Plan Action PGRFA FAO GPS Global Positioning System GREST Commercial integration more specifically driving business changing society require new skills knowledge still broadly lacking Pacific situation
increase farmers tradersexposure commercial risks commercial practices They should requested specify their farming commercial risks commercialization Cacaonot specifically listed annex commercialization Coconutnot specifically listed annex commercially marketed Coliforms bacteria always present digestive tracts animals including humans found their wastes They also found plant soil material Most coliform bacteria commitment exchange among genebanks does committed million pounds Sterling approximately $ million invest cocoa committed themselves organic production Common Fund Commodities CFC ICQC R provides pest common school thought sees improved varieties having important role maintaining even enriching commonly sun dried though artificial dryingused some areas commonly sun dried though artificial dryingused some areas communicate communication support Nadi workshop meticulous editing work Marc Ero Monica Gruber Emily Legge Carmel Pilotti communities communities Collect publish traditional knowledge available Pacific Promote selected important traditional knowledge When conducting surveys traditional knowledge varieties focus individual interviews never use first approach fast participatory mapping methodbased group interviews can potentially destroy social division knowledge group Some village people would refuse share communities developing countries thriving sustainable communities developing countries thriving sustainable communities More information Nestlé Cocoa communities provide them financial services opportunities References Conrado V Tuscano J Oñate B Torio E Umengan J & Paat N K Evaluation Impact Agricultural Insurance Program Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation Agricultural Producers Region Cagayan Valley Philippines No DP Philippine Institute Development Studies Sherzad S Challenges opportunities improve livelihoods small farmers Pacific Island countries Policy Brief Food Agriculture Organization FAO FAO Driving financial inclusion smallholder farmers leveraging satellite community community community banking should expanded Faced rising land prices difficulties obtaining credit community disputes part socialrisks community particularly farmers Despite fact many collections community use Some countries transforming senile palms communitys expertise aspects cacao Comoro Moheli Tall thick stem bole Female flowers needs monthes evolve mature seeds One more year needed raising seednuts nursery before planting low rate multiplication main limiting factor producing seednuts both farmers research experimental purposes average agricultural conditions most cultivars produce less Compact Dwarfs Test new planting arrangements company Ag Chemselling organic inputs certified ACO Australia However ituncertain if they presently used Organic production company selling processing equipment compare effects cropping techniques should comparisons can lead incorrect conclusions compete bigger countries competition competitive regarding compiled datasheet include information pest complement enhance traditional breeding approaches Ithowever acknowledged Global Strategy Conservation Use complement enhance traditional breeding approaches Ithowever acknowledged Global Strategy Conservation Use Cacao complement part selected allelic diversity dynamic geographically dispersed collection composed primarily wild species populations landraces enhanced populations which characterization evaluation dataavailable used broaden basis which selectionmade material will complement part selected allelic diversity dynamic geographically dispersed collection composed primarily wild species populations landraces enhanced populations which characterization evaluation dataavailable used broaden basis which selectionmade material will complementary situ conservation efforts extremely important view rapid rate destruction native Amazonian forests new technologies developed related species genera could become important sources genes improvement collecting conservation secondary tertiary gene pool coconutproposed based analysis diversity currently complementary situ conservation efforts extremely important view rapid rate destruction native Amazonian forests new technologies developed related species genera cacao could become important sources genes cacao improvement collecting conservation secondary tertiary gene pool cacaoproposed based analysis diversity currently complementing situ conservation facilitating its access serving safeguard through development Global Networked Collection CNCC its safety duplication coconut water priority will complementing situ conservation facilitating its access serving safeguard through development Global Strategic Cacao Collection GSCC its safety duplication coconut water priority will completed online survey other stakeholders including CIDP staff Writing descriptive information associated each risk October December Organizing training course Nadi Fiji completely dependent public completion rate less completion rate less complex grouping naming conventions Four different but closely related phytoplasmas responsible LYLDs around world phytoplasma Caribbean Central America Florida was first found it named Candidatus Phytoplasma palmaeLYLD phytoplasmas Africa Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicolaWest Africa Mozambique Candidatus Phytoplasma cocostanzaniaeKenya Tanzania East Africa new phytoplasma complexity development large zone rice field Burkina Faso Africa led considerable increase number Anopheles mosquitoes vectors malaria However case ethology mosquito doubled preventive measures mosquito nets sleeping compliance certain standards With current trends developing market diversity countries stakeholders products across region it would stand reason certification international standards becomes accepted inclusion development post harvest systems References Fausayana I & Abdullah W G Identifying mapping risks compliance our supplier code delight consumer through great tasting products complying HACCP standards Countries Pacific Islands component IPM CRB composed accessions representing cacao genepool based allelic richness key traits interests breeders criteria described Section estimated number accessionsmainly based CATIE collection accessions CRU/UWI collection accessions additional unique materials other currently composed accessions representing genepool based allelic richness key traits interests breeders criteria described Section estimated number accessionsmainly based CATIE collection accessions CRU/UWI collection accessions additional unique materials other currently Composition COGENT compounded plus known new acquisitions resulting comprehensive assessment individual identity verification given accession true to type population structure high priority tasks assessment complementarities duplications between two international collections should priority establishment CNCC Since information accessionslikely continuously improve over comprehensive assessment individual identity verification given accession true to type population structure high priority tasks assessment complementarities duplications between two international collections should priority establishment GSCC Since information accessionslikely continuously improve over comprehensive geo referenced database We created seven comprises accessions collected introduced compromise replanting destroying seedlings Rats crabs squirrels more rarely bats known destroy coconuts when still bunches computer skills use order link CANGIS accessions maintained each collaborating genebank minimum standard record keepingrequired local genebank level local genebank documentation system must able link passport computer skills use order link CANGIS accessions maintained each collaborating genebank minimum standard record keepingrequired local genebank level local genebank documentation system must able link passport concentrated water There requirements within various food laws including fruit juices directive maximum residur concepts Polymotu Virtual collection According Polymotu concept palms concerning few concerns influencing long term sustainability collection Thank you completing questionnaire annex conclusion paper stated most important incentive relates communication farmers Relevant Ministries should make relevant technical information fully available farmers they should ensure maximum number farmers will concrete structure keeps taro protected conditions Examples these Krissy Samoa which coordinated Fairtrade farmer cluster supply fair trade certified cream similar products their markets New Zealand Australia USA Another exampleNatures Way Fiji conduct selection removing part palms conducting study ensure they will confectionery confident however impact confident results study valid confined space actions less confirmed same effectfound Ghana least seedlings converted clones it applies across wider confirmed same effectfound Ghana least seedlings converted clones it applies across wider conscious reduction collection conscious reduction collection consequences whole water business Exported mature coconuts comply standards like other fresh fruits They expected brown uniform without excessive fibres free consequencies size accessions conserved genebanks With time conservation Broadly speaking sets out convey following General advice regarding safe procedures use when moving coconut geographical spread significant pest conservation Broadly speaking sets out convey following General advice regarding safe procedures use when moving cacao geographical spread significant pest conservation but also ensure available germplasmused stakeholders many tropical cities municipality could engaged plant city palms conservation cacao genepool its accessibility current future users Agreed criteria conservation cacao germplasm i e kept specialized facilities known genebanks carried out through field genebanks vitro collections cryopreservation Ex situ conservation cacao less conservation CIAT also maintains bonsaicollection small plants maintained pots greenhouse approximately accessions source tissue DNA sampling etc Thereno field collection cassava CIAT dur conservation CIAT also maintains bonsaicollection small plants maintained pots greenhouse approximately accessions source tissue DNA sampling etc Thereno field collection cassava CIAT dur conservation coconut less conservation developped COGENT conservation different varieties Tongaprobably place conservation entire Cocos nucifera species genepool its accessibility current future users formation CNCC will conservation entire Theobroma genepool its accessibility current future users formation GSCC will conservation five large regional field gene banks implementation network collection moves system towards involvement more countries sites stakeholders Because most varieties allogamous main limiting factor conservation was identified regeneration true to type accessions using controlled pollination case techniquevery costly It requires well equipped laboratory well trained technicians able climb palms conservation gene banks
progressively cleared palms conservation genepool its accessibility current future users Agreed criteria conservation germplasm i e kept specialized facilities known genebanks carried out essentially through field genebanks Ex situ conservation management activities described sections below based information analysed conservation management activities described sections below based information analysed conservation methods Ex situ conservation methods Ex situ conservation methods situ on farm conservation cacao current global ex situ conservation methods situ on farm conservation coconut Revisiting classical delineation between "in situ"ex situ conservation new Genomics DNA markers new vitro embryo culture somatic embryogenesis cryopreservation new current global ex situ conservation new optimal balance between ex situ conservation Plant conservation Plant conservation related research efforts worldwide network public conservation related research efforts worldwide network public conservation strategyto safeguard conservation strategyto safeguard conservation system Mandate funding institutes ex situ conservation system Mandate funding institutes ex situ conservation system Since early part th century numerous missions conservation system Since early part th century numerous missions conservation use particular varieties famerscommunities aim conservation use particular varieties famerscommunities aim conservation use particular varieties their community Ittherefore critical understand socio economic determinants influence their decisions traditional varieties often conservation use particular varieties their community Ittherefore critical understand socio economic determinants influence their decisions traditional cacao varieties often conservation use particular varieties their community On farm conservation can strengthened through activities conservation use particular varieties their community On farm conservation can strengthened through activities conservation was conducted global level Global Strategy was developed under coordination COGENT conservationthat conservationthat conservationthus facing emergency situation developed chapter conservative meaning progeny parent palms conserved Brazil Côte dIvoire India October Indonesia
Papua new Guinea November included International Treaty PGRFA Five ICG field genebank collections held in trust under auspices FAO Successor agreements under aegis FAO Commission Plant conserved collections In situ on farm conservation coconut water greater effort understand strategically conserve diversity siturequired establishment protected areas situ conservation would benefit countries there should therefore international participation effort Italso critical understand socio economic determinants influence farmersdecisions conserved collections In situ on farm conservation coconut water greater effort understand strategically conserve diversity siturequired establishment protected areas situ conservation would benefit countries there should therefore international participation effort Italso critical understand socio economic determinants influence farmersdecisions conserved collections Therefore budget required development CNCCcalculated here based estimated costs estimated number accessions activities carried out network partners CNCC will conserved collections Therefore budget required development GSCCcalculated here based estimated costs estimated number accessions activities carried out network partners GSCC will conserved ex situ conserved ex situ conserved for next years with frequency re planting FGB consider consider buffer zone Size buffer zones
differ according standards physical configuration land risk contamination flat land distancegenerally m consider ISO standards safe residur consider
common phytosanitary threats climatic hazards instance consider they considerable costs associated doing considerable costs associated doing considerable efforts put
SSR analysis over considerable efforts put
SSR analysis over considered cost effective duplication CNCC consultation process development CNCC would led COGENT considered cost effective duplication GSCC consultation process development GSCC would led CacaoNet its members INGENIC would take place over considered long term funding support considered long term funding support considered non bankable formal bankingsector considered non bankable formal bankingsector considered one off activity considered one off activity considers it consignments should carefully visually inspected using low power microscope before dispatch again point entry Use preferably pollen consist promoting updated Safe Movement Guidelines ensuring international regional quarantine facilities consist promoting updated Safe Movement Guidelines ensuring international regional quarantine facilities consist thick husk enclosing some seeds sweet pulp Once harvested pods opened pulp seeds separated consist thick husk enclosing some seeds sweet pulp Once harvested cacao pods opened pulp seeds separated constraints climate yet emblematic risks constraints concerning managing information accessions collection GERMPLASM EXCHANGE & DISSEMINATION How frequently samples germplasm distributed constraints cropping value chain Please cite three classify them priority order In your opinion what could most efficient incentives boostsector constraints gives whole sample priority risks constraints total Price volatility market failure real concerns when anticipationquite impossible when farmers depend too much activity But consultation INGENIC This would consist international multi site evaluation programme collaboration INGENIC regional breeding networks COGENT consultation meeting July Reading UK K Lamin MCB Summary budget requirements global strategy implementation Funding conservation use consultation process its establishment Proposal Submitted IPGRI Begeleidingscommissie Subsidieregeling Duurzame Ontwikkeling Coconut en Chocoladesector December CGIAR Proposal CGIAR Fund Council submitted CGIAR Consortium Board Trustees Financial Support CGIAR Center Genebanks Available consumer panels however trained panels expensive require training Analytical techniques provide measurements stability quality oil fat based foods including oxidation measurement Often best estimates quality oils fats evaluated using combination sensory analytical methods Coconut products should
marketed branded variety rather than consumer safety point view maximum limits mg/kg monochrotophos according EU standards Most studies indicate observed levels were significantly lower than standards Mitigation adaptation Directive //EC limits aflatoxin B copra products derived mg/kg based product moisture content Drying uniformly safemoisture content within hours splitting nut was found far most important control measure Average levels aflatoxin sun dried copra were found consuming countries conferences convened United Nations ICCO aims strengthen global cocoa consuming countries international organisations andbelow optimal levels Support two international collections CATIE CRU/UWI ICQC Roffered three year cycle andnot secure over consuming countries international organisations andbelow optimal levels Support two international collections CATIE CRU/UWI ICQC Roffered three year cycle andnot secure over consuming regions through stronger regional links increased contact create effective common agenda across industry prioritize key issues within consumption Brazil China Eastern Europe India Russia Therean average increase demand per year for past years industry estimates it will consumption EU sugar consumption major users dairy cereals CAOBISCO industries involved levels many stakeholders working towards sustainable contacting more than one thousand stakeholders worldwide initial results survey meeting output were presented COCOTECH conference contained ICGD database allows complex queries performed combining contained ICGD database allows complex queries performed combining contained within existing collections stresses importance situ conservation efforts systematically sample areas objective capturing novel variability within genebanks number expeditions sample variability within Amazonian home present underway Brazil Ecuador French Guiana Peru Similarly World Bank sponsored projectexploring total variability within Trinitario population Trinidad Tobago table contained within existing collections stresses importance situ conservation efforts systematically sample areas objective capturing novel variability within cacao genebanks number expeditions sample variability within Amazonian home cacao present underway Brazil Ecuador French Guiana Peru Similarly World Bank sponsored projectexploring total variability within Trinitario population Trinidad Tobago table contest Its multiple benefits would to strengthen local interactions between farmers encourage farmers develop private initiative seed production contests could integrated yearly cultural events organized most PICTs context Group launched major initiative Nestlé Cocoa continue continue collaborate national collections FAO Global Crop Diversity Trust International Treaty promote placing germplasm collections public continue collaborate national collections FAO Global Crop Diversity Trust International Treaty promote placing cacao germplasm collections public continue damage fruits Electric fences lethal non lethal other enclosures continue evolve dynamic usersneeds evolve Bridging diverse cultures philosophies socio economic context approaches research development business achieve greater more sustainable continue evolve dynamic usersneeds evolve Bridging diverse cultures philosophies socio economic context approaches research development business achieve greater more sustainable continue evolve example most collections expected continue increase size although it might possible reduce size some eliminating duplicates collections also expected acquire proportionally more accessions wild relatives these generally more difficult expensive maintain than cultivated accessions addition it might possible reduce cost conserving clonal collections through greater use cryopreservation true seed other technologies but thislikely require considerable front expenditure before cost savings can accrue While costs molecular characterization expected fall more virus other disease indexing cleaning might well increase these many other reasons it will continue evolve example most collections expected continue increase size although it might possible reduce size some eliminating duplicates collections also expected acquire proportionally more accessions wild relatives these generally more difficult expensive maintain than cultivated accessions addition it might possible reduce cost conserving clonal collections through greater use cryopreservation true seed other technologies but thislikely require considerable front expenditure before cost savings can accrue While costs molecular characterization expected fall more virus other disease indexing cleaning might well increase these many other reasons it will continue make for conservation development plant continue new material becomes available continue new material becomes available continue next three years Training awareness producing good quality white coprapart program In French Polynesia developed new model copra oven two tier drawers dry kg copra two days drying temperature °C first six hours then drops °C remaining time ovenavailable kit which can mounted locally using video guideline further information contact Directorate Agriculture Papeete How kill old unproductive palm organic way without sawing Unfortunately we continue occur least some places Pacific region Lack machinery
result labour intensity which restricts production continue require strong conventional breeding programmes
understanding why it continue require strong conventional cacao breeding programmes
understanding why it continue side lined continue work closely national programmes FAO Global Crop Diversity Trust International Treaty promote placing germplasm public continue work closely national programmes FAO Global Crop Diversity Trust International Treaty promote placing cacao germplasm public continuous rainfall does continuous rainfall does contract arbitration services number other initiatives enhance integrity cocoa contrary positive effect climate diseasesprevention It seems necessity close yield gap with contribute development early warning system draw attention threats wild germplasm contribute development early warning system draw attention threats wild cacao germplasm contribute Global Strategy you will contribute reduce budget deficit Marc Delorme Centre situ on farm conservation In situ on farm conservation germplasm refers maintenance contributed development Global Strategy Conservation Use contributed development Global Strategy Conservation Use Cacao control disease Maintain strong biosecurity set early detection systems If outbreak disease occurs Pacific region Ghanaian method should applied insecticide treatment hot fogging control fast growing use less Control India Pvt Ltd Mumbai India www pest control techniques subsequent integration appropriate measures discourage development pest controlindia com solutions@pcil in Other sources
available but have controlled appellation origin which will conventional breeding program was conducted Vanuatu aim creating hybrid planting material combining tolerance CFD improved copra yield high copra weight per nut improved hybrid obtained crossing Vanuatu Tall Rennell Island Tall varieties was identified high degree tolerance CFD less convert virgin areas
farmland Access cacao germplasm information key traits interest breedersan essential condition plant breeding research agricultural development National laws restrict access plant convinced benefits these plants cases Cook Islands Brazilian Green Dwarf hybrid Brazilian Green Dwarf x Rangiroa Tall Hybrid Malayan Yellow Dwarf x West African Tall progenies F F Cook Islands Brazilian Green Dwarf hybrid Brazilian Green Dwarf x Rangiroa Tall Hybrid Malayan Yellow Dwarf x West African Tall progenies F F Cook Islands their knowledge
cooking oil Occurrence severity Coconut products used most important primary product Samoa until cyclones price decreases late s early s resulted considerable damagesector cooperate expected motives Cooperation pp CRC Press Temperature other climate hazards cooperatives associations well defined formal rules For third party organics farmers Pacific region certified mostly Australian New Zealand bodies farmer first must ask quote coordinate consultation process towards development regional quarantine centres complement role securing international movements through ICQC R facilitating regional exchange between countries coordinate consultation process towards development regional quarantine centres complement role securing international movements through ICQC R facilitating regional exchange between countries coordinate development establishment Global Networked Collection CNCC virtual collection consisting most unique valuable materials according agreed practices standards readily available bona fide user CNCC will coordinate development establishment Global Strategic Cacao Collection GSCC virtual collection consisting most unique valuable materials according agreed practices standards readily available bona fide user GSCC will coordinate stimulate participation increased number key partners conservation use germplasm coconut water Global Strategy thatagreed supported increasing number partners donors funders Priorities Global Strategy reviewed updated Number projects addressing agreed priorities on going coordinated approach conservation their germplasm supported Global Crop Diversity Trust Trust was established under international law was founded FAO Bioversity coordinated approach conservation their germplasm supported Global Crop Diversity Trust Trust was established under international law was founded FAO Bioversity coordinated CacaoNet Steering Committee Estimated budget proposed budget resources mobilization activitiesincluded Section Strengthening networking partnerships global collaboration budget allocated CacaoNet coordination Steering Committee functions USD/year Developing Global Strategic Cacao Collection GSCC CacaoNet will coordinated COGENT coordinated effort characterization rationalization available coordinated effort characterization rationalization available cacao coordinated effort characterization rationalization safety duplication Global Strategy developed Global Network coordinated effort characterization rationalization safety duplication Global Strategy developed Global Network Cacao coordinated Global Strategy Global Strategy vision goal objectives outputs Vision goal Objectives Outputs Process developping Global Strategy modified title Where we now germplasm conservation use Handling moving coordination Steering Committee functions COGENT coordination Steering Committee functions See details Section TOTAL table coordination Steering Committee functions USD/year Coordinator CIRAD BIOS Umr CEFE Bioversity Coordinator coordinates planning implementation monitoring evaluation COGENT Coordinator secretariat coordinate planning implementation monitoring evaluation COGENT Coordinatoran ex officio member serves Secretary Chair Vice Chair Steering Committee elected year term each must come copra copra became huge colonial business number palms copra different grades copra However when copra prices remained persistently low prolonged period copra meal flesh residur copra More directly governcopra oil dominant products copra oil other hand results research undertaken private partnersnot always publicly available copra remains main source income Occurrence severity Some factories over copraexpelled using rotary ghanis coconut water traditional method oil processing India hydraulic presses corresponding adjective optional but
cosmetics cost cost effective means cocoa cost effective means cocoa cost effective means production cost effective means production cost estimates following vegetatively propagated crops maintained respective CGIAR centres banana Bioversity cost estimates following vegetatively propagated crops maintained respective CGIAR centres banana Bioversity cost maintenance cryopreservation flask minimum containing accessions estimated USD per year table cost maintenance cryopreservation flask minimum containing accessions estimated USD per year table cost making transfer materials has cost making transfer materials has cost more than USD cost per hectare per farmgreatly reduced to cost technology meet various standards cost certification itself human resource capacity implement various management systems certification requires order meet demand importing nations first steps would identify various standards their implications local industry help farmers producers obtain certifications most required market access Then adaptation would cost those seednuts remains too high farmers' budget Scientists policy makers must therefore work topic priority without ruling out possibility training planters produce
seeds themselves Through concepts like Polymotu planters could learn how produce hybrids other types improved varieties their own plantations addition governcost USD organic certification addition first expense annual certification fee USD will Costa Rica Brazil Mexico although LYDactive country They paid two US dollars per dwarf seednut between five seven USD per hybrid seednut Currently Costa Rica Dominican Republic were infested nematodes Bursaphelenchus cocophilus causing red ring disease they were destroyed When species transmitted areas beyond their natural range therealso risk they will costing study ex situ costing study ex situ costly maintain highly vulnerable pest costly time consuming methodsto use resistant costs can high dollars new genotypes work would follow costs can high dollars new genotypes work would follow costs CFC/ICCO/Bioversity costs CFC/ICCO/Bioversity costs Sectoral Côte dIvoire cairns Coconut urban contextanother possible approach role genebanknot Côte dIvoire collectioncurrently could could also develop good regional breeding research centre References R Hussein N Dore D Technical recommendations could planted geographical reproductive isolation way some conservation constraints linked height ages palms could turned
cultivation case stimulating industry bottled water Pacific region it would become much more profitable cultivate than sugarcane References Rodrigues G S Martins C R & de Barros I Sustainability assessment ecological intensification practices production could used allogamous homogeneous dwarfs For regeneration accessions Council Paper No Department Agriculture Tothill J D Taylor T H C & Paine R W Moth Fiji count counterfeit representations standardize tropics deny their cultural identities For tourism industry evolving competitive environment it becomes more more important stand out counterfeit representations standardize tropics deny their cultural identities Mitigation adaptation Regarding cultivation methods Pacific people still countries countries countries countries regulated markets generally costs agency more than USD per year Some consumers demand other kinds labels countries regulated markets generally costs agency more than USD per year Dozens documents regarding different certification standards available online But when it comes finding specific practical information search becomes more challenging over countries territories participated provided countries which countries which germplasm was sent
dur countries which germplasm was sent
dur countries which located Oceania seven located Africa Asia Europe Introduction coconut water Context agriculture Pacific region country country can become COGENT country country Almost virgin products exported EU United States Canada country country Since coconuts country member country members country members invited participate SC meetings sending their official country members Most supported national and/or public country now produces distinctive type cocoa country origin prominent biological trait cultivar ethnological trait linked history cultivar colour if cultivarhomogeneous fruit colour autogamous dwarfs country then includes detailed descriptions pest country then includes detailed descriptions pest country unnecessary words course economic social functions linked instance it seems therea great will cover cover cover cover cover cover cover cover cover CPDT website cracked truck water inside coconutwasted
lead huge losses Mitigation adaptation For risk mitigation strategies improve practices harvesting farm level and/or improve storage method and/or reduce duration transportation and/or improve transportation conditions cracks pest CRB an important pest CRB increases risk secondary infections infestations e g bacteria fungi viroids viruses weevils crown In many Pacific countries people living outer islands still reliant coconut/copra income Therefore introduction CRB
countries CRB P seems also have create
revenues country same time transportation create obstacles during process Often public created compliance problems barriers trade For regulated organic markets like US EU Japan Canada South Korea Taiwan China creation network meetings Steering Committee SC were held table creation network was proposed optimize conservation use creation new high value added markets way even if demand specific product diminishes stakeholders can easily shift another market could case example regarding water desiccated coconut case selected varieties should sufficiently versatile support various uses Contrary soybean lobby ICC ex APCC creation new hybrid between two populations reasearchers generally use minimum female parents crossed male parents These numbers allow production credible efficient gene banks but I want variety recognized property myself Credit C Turnbull Reading University Credit C Turnbull Reading University Criollo some disease resistance Criollo types came known Forasteromeaning foreign crisis governcritical but expensive monitor control Around half collection requires testing critical but expensive monitor control Around half collection requires testing crop but mix different species Here again good scientific studies missing Mucuna Pueraria imported
there some local plants also useful Research different Pacific islands should identify list local alternatives Mucuna Pueraria Because its vigorous fast growing habit Pueraria was listed invasive plant Costa Rica Ecuador Puerto Rico some Pacific Islands Hawaii French Polynesia Niue New Caledonia Thisnot case Mucuna because it does crop Cadbury one Krafts biggest brands crop field demonstrations different varieties farmers observe convince them through observation which will crop fix nitrogen These farmers often obtain crop high nitrogen accumulation improvement soil structure dur crop improvement programmes through validation dissemination selected cocoa crop installed farmers injure themselves weeding crop International Treaty Plant crop losing benefit nitrogen naturally brought soil reducing working time devoted weeding Documents Referencessection below show large diversity species can used cover crop
help retain moisture increase profitability possible irrigation Use mulching crop maybe best optionnot use Crop Options Hot Humid Areas [Film] https //www youtube com/watch v=_ERXyjX rHI Duncan J Cover crop options hot humid areas National Center Appropriate Technology Radovich T Cox L J Sugano J & Idol T Benefits costs using perennial peanut living mulch fruit trees crop reduce weeding work Use more modern means harvesting transporting nuts than carrying persons shoulders See instance CIDP movie coconuts harvested horses collected huge plastic bags mechanically dumped
trucks minimizing manual labour transportation Pay workers
crop removing crop there difficulties finding planting material adapted quantity quality their needs Farmers could then give use cover crop These plants crop well planned bonus schemes cropnamed utilis cropping availability seeds cuttings cropping availability seeds cuttings Organic fertilizers Manpower agriculture factories E Risks cropping availability seeds cuttings Organic fertilizers Manpower agriculture factories Risk continued Risk level Gravity E Organizational policy issues Investment research replanting Regulation quality products Replanting projects relevant beneficiaries Farmers organizations Shift other crops croppingnot practiced Thus reach production crops crops can grown nursery crops fertilizer application organic/inorganic breeding techniques Integrated Pest crops help maintain soil fertility types planting material generally fall
one two groups conventional planting material tissue culture plantlets Conventional planting material includes seednuts seedlings Seednuts can planted directly fields case shown crops it not surprising costs per accession considerably higher than seed crops number efforts underway crops it not surprising costs per accession considerably higher than seed crops number efforts underway crops It seems most important consideration small farmersnot enrich their soil but reduce time devoted weeding especially elderly women crops its advantages Even if they aware interested using cover crops livestock invasive alien species even living modified organisms National Agricultural Quarantine Services Biosecurity teams crops naturally enrich soil reduce weeding Actions undertake Technical changes must considered terms productivity labour It seems urgent popularize full agreement farmers technical changes will crops Pueraria javanica Mucuna prurens opinions concerning these two plants divided Some in Solomon Islands argue Mucunatoo aggressive young age it can cover crops reduce grasses whose fast growthin competition trees crops selected basis their contribution food security collections fall under Article Coconutincluded Article under which IC CATIE ICG T CRU/UWI fall Trust
offer route manage funds designated conservation www croptrust org International Treaty Plant crops selected basis their contribution food security collections fall under Article Cacaoincluded Article under which IC CATIE ICG T CRU/UWI fall Trust
offer route manage funds designated cacao conservation www croptrust org Governcrops their advantages growing fields moisture conservation preventing soil erosion weed control etc Establish cover crops will crops will crops will crops will cross national borders CacaoNet Working Group Safe Movement should continue meet order update guidelines new information becomes available cacao pest cross national borders COGENT crossed Malayan Red Dwarf coconut water classical dwarf Niu Leka Dwarf coconut water compact dwarf study many others CRU/UWI CATIE case material received CRU/UWI CATIE case material received CRU/UWI CATIE germplasmnot brought under aegis ITPGRFA since cacaonot one crops included annex CRU/UWI CATIE germplasmnot brought under aegis ITPGRFA since coconutnot one crops included annex CRU/UWI collection i e ICS NA hope was expressed countries CRU/UWI ICQC R ICGD many decades www cocoa CRU/UWI others however it was CRU/UWI others however it was crucial crucial experts strongly recommend buying sets already numbered aluminium tags cryopreserved putting remaining collection plus new acquisitions
liquid nitrogen represents cryopreserved putting remaining collection plus new acquisitions
liquid nitrogen represents CSSV infected trees CSSV infected trees CSSV infected trees cultivar name number cultivar name two digit numbers added abbreviation Examples given below population names italics Cotabato Tall Ionas COTT one cultivar thatfully tolerant CFD whereas introduced cultivars hybrids affected different degrees As CFD virus cannot seen cultivated canal system providing cultivated Pacific region organic quite fair trademanner farmers local processors
cultivated potato accessions majority cultivated potato accessions majority cultivated respect environment health consumers special characteristics varieties which cultivated notions terroir cultivated vitro Plantlets then obtained can transferred field grown become adult palms cultivated way said organicbut most cases nutrients generally Cultivating palms cultivation Bioversity cultivation both using cultivation more competitive more attractive new generations cocoa cultivation myriad small growers cultivation palms cultural assumptions without first studying traditional knowledge their actions
destroy Video medium closest traditional oral transmission information you listen see people Video thus creates useful link between tradition modernity best way record traditional knowledge old peoplevideo Good video cameras available USD Simple free softwareavailable allows video editing good example cultural characteristics Even though social marginalizationa key aspect poverty itdifficult create sustain coordinating organizations include marginalized actors especially women land less cultural economical advantages it can also strongly affect labour supply Mitigation adaptation Although complete mechanization cultivation appears complex curator genebank An Alternative Representative She/he can director institute involved research head national research programme curator genebank Engaging COGENT current global holdings accessions would gradually reduced research germplasm identity progresses priorities further defined Ittherefore proposed cost estimates development management CNCC based estimated accessions estimates used costing CNCC based collection management activities defined annex current global holdings accessions would gradually reduced research germplasm identity progresses priorities further defined Ittherefore proposed cost estimates development management GSCC based estimated accessions estimates used costing GSCC based collection management activities defined annex current upturn productsnot first We currently current yield gains offered plant currently currently currently currently currently Currently currently curries toward end cooking Some traditional products obtained fermentation example sauce called mitihue French Polynesia cushioning effect each other when harvests low product prices rise global price oil depends supply demand other vegetable seed oils cuttings cuttings farmers Choice cover cyclone can induce proliferation Oryctes beetle which can kill many other palms cyclone damage creating breeding opportunities planting locations cyclones pest cyclones typhoons cyclonesaid occur once every five years but it generally does d 'cacaui' T sylvestre Mart 'cacau azul' T velutinum Benoist Section Rhytidocarpus Theobroma bicolor Humb & Bonpl 'mocambo'/ 'patashte'/ ´macambo´ Section Telmatocarpus T gileri Cuatr T microcarpum Mart 'cacaurana' Section Theobroma Theobroma cacao 'cacao' These Theobroma species d completion important piece work supporters strategy development process wider industry look forward working national authorities international donors effectively deliver vision laid out Global Strategy Tony Lass Chairman Coconut Research Association Ltd UK CRA Ltd Abstract future world economy depends availability d completion important piece work supporters strategy development process wider cocoa d ex Spreng Schum 'cupuassu'/ cupuaçu/ ´Copoasu´/ ´Cupuasu´ T hylaeum Cuatr T nemorale Cuatr T obovatum Klotzsch ex Bernoulli ' cabeça de urubu'/ ´Cacahuillo´/ ´Ushpa cacao´ T simiarum Donn Smith T sinuosum Pavón ex Hubber T stipulatum Cuatr T subincanum Mart 'cupuí'/´Macambillo´/´Macambo Sacha Section Oreanthes T bernouillii Pittier T glaucum Karst T speciosum Will d generation great amounts information d generation great amounts information d its Steering Committee Working Groups meet CacaoNet would like thank those cacao germplasm collection managers their collaboration providing d its Steering Committee Working Groups meet COGENT D when applicable instance PRD Pemba Red Dwarf autogamous dwarf homogeneous colour WAT West African Tall allogamous tall various colours within cultivar RTB King synonym Rath Thembili semi tall idea populations within cultivar damage damage damage other important crops Three species found Pacific Pacific damage other parts shoreline Sea spray plants damaged tissue turns necrotic brown colour corklike dangerous use germplasm selection varieties improved yield performance started early beginning th century some producing countries Scientific research started India Harries but many studies dangers products Samoan Country Report FAO Consultation advised under Scientific Research Promotional Strategies There needs sound scientific research
positive benefits health data data errorsminor US$ cost per accession per year comparison In order able compare costs across system cost each relevant activity was calculated terms annualized cost per accession taking
account total cost activity number accession involved year under study together average frequency event per accession over data industry his country Data Management ensure minimum standard record keeping
involve minimum level hardware computers networking general skills information technology Information would recorded movement accessions data see Sections therestill large amount information data see Sections therestill large amount information dataset first published Motamayor et al http //www ars usda gov/Research/docs htm docid= Our method follows iterative approach employing three step procedure first dataset first published Motamayor et al http //www ars usda gov/Research/docs htm docid= Our method follows iterative approach employing three step procedure first dataset simple sequence repeat SSR information microsatellite markers detail methodincluded annex dataset simple sequence repeat SSR information microsatellite markers However methodnot limited analysis molecular dataset simple sequence repeat SSR information microsatellite markers detail methodincluded annex dataset simple sequence repeat SSR information microsatellite markers However methodnot limited analysis molecular Datasheet Aspidiotus rigidus USDA APHIS PPQCPHST Russell G E Plant breeding pest date back years coconut water short movie minutes needed explain Pacific farmers how they can produce hybrids themselves will daylength sensitivity other problems Annual costs US$ Number accessions Annual recurring cost per accession Total annual recurring cost maintaining existing accessions Annual cost acquiring additional accessions non compounded Total annual capital costs Total Annual cost IITA IITA Banana Plantain IITA banana plantain collection comprises accessions collection was daylength sensitivity other problems Annual costs US$ Number accessions Annual recurring cost per accession Total annual recurring cost maintaining existing accessions Annual cost acquiring additional accessions non compounded Total annual capital costs Total Annual cost IITA IITA Banana Plantain IITA banana plantain collection comprises accessions collection was days seeds germinate Seedlings transplanted field two months days Their small size worm like body high reproductive performance make mites one most intractable pest de facto members SC involved coordination their respective regional networks Other innovations creation seven permanent International Thematic Action Groups possibility making decision distance using two distinct processes remote consensus remote voting COGENT dead stems An early symptom
also include rotting male female inflorescences to see it necessary climb palm open inflorescences manually Although each these symptoms can caused other things sequence symptom development its rapid speed unique BCS Similar symptoms deal cultivated areas hectares average death Occurrence severity Aflatoxins can occur foods because fungal contamination before death tree bud rotting One hypothesisthat droppings these animals constitute natural culture media fungus needs verified scientific studies more farmers observations crab Birgus latro coconut water species terrestrial crab also known robber crab decades High yielding clones however decades High yielding clones however decay Pueraria javanica seeds should scarified before December participants agreed add two more risk descriptions reword titles more descriptions ©SPC table decide recover decide refuse loan can happen case farmers banks decide try decided decision install traps his plantation catch kill eat pigs roam type solution
lead conflicts neighbours addition it must ensured traps used absolutely safe humans especially children community level there often hunting campaigns can help control wild pigs which decision makers
make inappropriate policies decision making Small Island Developing States International Journal Climate Change Strategies Management Gero coconut water Méheux K & Dominey Howes D Integrating disaster risk reduction climate change adaptation examples Decision Support Tool Decision Support Tool annex Decision Support Tool annex Decision Support Tool annex Decision Support Tool annex Decision Support Tool annex Decision Support Tool Bioversity Decision Support Tool Bioversity Decision Support Tool Figures Figure Map world showing principal routes movement germplasm Figure Links between Decision Support Tool Genebank Management developed CGIAR genebanks Details specific costs can found annex Decision Support Tool Genebank Management developed CGIAR genebanks Details specific costs can found annex decisions based incomplete obsolete declarations its interesting notice farmersdeclarations most diversified result
reflect wide diversity producers regarding agronomic economic organizational conditions Traders declared these collections public declined more than half decreasing prices rural deep fissures gummy exudates Infested fruits later become distorted stunted growth mite infestations can also cause extensive premature fruit drop reduction fibre length tensile strength reduction husk availability coir industry Symptoms mite infestation fruits differ deep historical roots reasons linked both colonization globalization many Pacific islanders both lovehateemblematic palm embedded traditional social management old dynamic
fading because image palm deep percolation runoff soil erosion Unlike surface irrigation drip irrigationmore suitable economical if itintroduced water scarce areas undulating topography shallow sandy soils widely spaced high value crops It also permits utilization fertilizers pest definitely fixed they
evolve time instance researchers Definition cacao collection management activities following model CGIAR Decision Support Tool annex Definition cacao collection management activities following model CGIAR Decision Support Tool table Definition cacao collection management activities following model CGIAR Decision Support Tool Reference table Definition collection management activities following model CGIAR Decision Support Tool Reference table Definition collection management activities following model CGIAR Decision Support Tool table Definition collection management activities following model CGIAR Decision Support Tool Reference table degree precision rather focussed events degummed soybean oils used Brazil India control mite These oils delay processing crop delivered factories could result poor quality degraded products Occurrence severity Farmers often dont delay variety
no longer resistant because pathogen deliberately mislead consumers regarding coconuts and/or products This risk description was added request participants CDIP meeting risk mitigation December participants agreed delicate flavour require little fermentation exploitation natural stands cacao along river banks began cacao was planted new areas eastwards towards mouth River Amazon These Amazonian types cacao were quite different deliver innovative competitive insurance It secures Pacific Island countries total cover delivery crop demand demand demand one half year's preparation it will demes sub populations paramount urgent threatened areas because intense deforestation demes sub populations paramount urgent threatened areas because intense deforestation demonstrated strong link between sugar sweetened beverage SSB consumption subsequent risk over demonstration fields Communication campaigns promote high value crop will denounced inhumanity depend it their livelihoods economies their nations future world economy depends significantly conservation sustainable depend it their livelihoods economies their nations future world cocoa depend upon cocoa depend upon cocoa depend upon cocoa depend upon their livelihood worldwide million WCF website
Facts & Figures Producing approximately global output West Africaeconomically most important producing region world most important countries Africa Côte dIvoire global Ghana Nigeria Cameroon Asia Oceania countries Indonesia Papua New Guinea Malaysia Americas countries Ecuador Brazil Colombia WCF website
Some other countries regions produce small amounts but depend upon their livelihoods over depend upon their livelihoods specific goal Global Strategyto optimize conservation maximize use dependency oil itself strongly linked other oilseeds Non traditional products can create opportunities industry producing units entrepreneurs must give priorities integrated processing full utilization which includes other depending cultivar story was told Dr R former CIRAD scientist without exact date place north Australia investor Depending their integration market farmers ultimate goals feed family and beyond community and/or generate positive economic income deplete soil reduce yields more than half There examples other countries many plantations located close sea Côte dIvoire West Africa farmers did depleted rainfall collection supplies freshwater lenses perched aquifers many atolls Pacific example Federated states Micronesia declared national emergency because atolls ran out water Fiji described here Two examples Description agreed Description agreed Description agreed Description agreed Description agreed Description agreed desert one night it killed trees designated priority crop International Treaty Plant designed accommodate both commercial open source programming tools database flexible require no licensing fees genebank use However GRIN GLOBAL
customised managing germplasm During transition phase adopting GRIN Global Excel templates will designed accommodate both commercial open source programming tools database flexible require no licensing fees genebank use However GRIN GLOBAL
customised managing cacao germplasm During transition phase adopting GRIN Global Excel templates will Despite few more documented introductions much cacao grown rest West Africa despite great potential opportunities farmers value chains actors involved Pacific Islands industry References McGregor coconut water & Sheehy M over despite increasing prices demand millions coconuts left unharvested ground example Despite its importance economies many poor countries farmers destinations According et al Coconut palms destinations palms destroy gene bank Some experts opinion destroyed cyclone within year period experts believe effects cyclones generally localized probability less destroyed cyclones how risk will destroyed Putting metal trunk banding destroyed seems depend nature soil broken stems rocky compact soils uprooting sandy soft soils new disease seems destroyed thousands palms destroyed uprooted destroyed wild animals destroys resource Crop diversitycentral food security Article International Treaty Plant destruction harvests could deadlier than cyclone itself because islands isolation Islanders resorted food famine way palms destructive effect some their useful traditional practices other hand acquiring scientific botanical knowledge
help farmers produce
varieties themselves Mitigation adaptation Saving traditional knowledge booksuseful But it detailed information status their collection these detailed information status their collection these detailed survey was conducted over Details cryopreservation Details cryopreservation detecting mislabelling evaluation characterization pre breeding distribution use would include participation collection curators breeding community represented INGENIC COGENT detecting mislabelling evaluation characterization pre breeding distribution use would include participation collection curators breeding community represented INGENIC CacaoNet will deteriorating soil environmental conditions However preliminary evaluation collections farmerspopulations shows wide variation disease resistance quality Furthermore only few varieties deteriorating soil environmental conditions However preliminary evaluation collections farmerspopulations shows wide variation disease resistance cocoa determine number seedlings raised nurseries some provinces seednuts will determines researchers farmers priorities lack adequate massive policiesalso constraint exposes financial environmental risks devastated plantations Ghana inevitable land pressure spread Abidjan chronic budget deficit could ultimately jeopardize existence research center In order address two first constraints we convinced Centre National de Recherche Agronomique CNRA de Côte dIvoire duplicate Genebank other experimental sites belonging institute scattered across country Each accession tall varieties will develop growing little pieces tissues develop positive popular image same kind marketing develop quality standards Pacific develop strategic alliances foster synergistic partnership amongst governdeveloped developed developed
techniques illustrated our movie developed Criteria selection genotypes
include addition number desirable traits present developed Criteria selection genotypes
include addition number desirable traits present developed help curators provide standardized information whenever possible though ICGD would continue accept developed help curators provide standardized information whenever possible though ICGD would continue accept developed highly efficient methods growing coconut Fortunately western representation palmevolving developed
global network currently developed mainly through breeding associated increases use inputs developed molecular approaches diversity analysis verification accessions well marker assisted traditional breeding approaches www cirad fr Common Fund Commodities CFC CFCan inter governdeveloped molecular approaches diversity analysis verification accessions well marker assisted traditional breeding approaches www cirad fr Centre Agriculture Biosciences International CABI CABIa developed Movement material
out virtualCNCC should monitored including transfer safety duplication would provide to date information management accessions within CNCC how they developed Movement material
out virtualGSCC should monitored including transfer safety duplication would provide to date information management accessions within GSCC how they developed their distinctive characteristics andfacilitated through legislative policy measures well use incentives great advantage situ conservation together its main disadvantage evolutionary processes species traditional varieties maintained dynamic way It can also disadvantage when drastic social economic changes strongly modifying way farmers deals their traditional varieties developed their distinctive characteristics andfacilitated through legislative policy measures well use incentives great advantage situ conservationthat evolutionary processes species traditional varieties maintained dynamic way However significant deforestation activities drastic changes land use climate change associated natural catastrophes rapid adoption farmers high yielding clones developed through collaborative project involving CIRAD University developed through collaborative project involving CIRAD University developing exchanges other areas still producing ways adapt while maintaining activities around production Developing GSCC information portal including CANGIS particular requesting information developing new locations BCS phytoplasma development Academic Press Damoah I S investigation
causes effects project failure governDevelopment ARD Department Report GLB Jacquiot J C Lanalyse de risques pour les débutants Les cahiers techniques de CASE France ParisSeattle http //www case france com/L'analyse% de% risque% pour% les% d%C%Abutants pdf Just R E & Pope R D Agricultural risk analysis adequacy models Development Asia Pacific Region http //www fao org/fileadmin/templates/rap/files/meetings/ / samoa pdf Shanteau J Psychological characteristics expert decision makers Expert judgment expert systems pp Springer Berlin Heidelberg Stiglitz J E Information economic analysis perspective Economic Journal © SPC F Risks Development Bank n d farming Development Doctoral dissertation Georg August Universität Göttingen E Risks development economic environmental social www caobisco com European Cocoa development increase benefits stakeholders ICCOco operating other institutions Common Fund Commodities development implementation projects aimed improving structural conditions cocoa development list priority genotypes identified known agronomic/economic value set would dynamic nature adapting current potential future needs As far possible development list priority genotypes identified known agronomic/economic value set would dynamic nature adapting current potential future needs As far possible development partners Smaller magnitude climate variation affects crops different life stages adult stages temperature stress mainly affects fruit setting causing significant reductions resulting bunches Low fruit setting can dur development structural transformation Sub Saharan Africa versus East Asia Seoul Journal Economics Naseem coconut water Spielman D J & Omamo S W Privatesector Development Vanuatu Remudu Unaisi unaisi@hotmail com Ministry Agriculture Extension Division Fiji development Videos published local languages
help sensitize illiterate farmers developments cryopreservation technology i e storing germplasm form tissue cell suspensions developments cryopreservation technology i e storing germplasm form tissue cell suspensions developmentsector developmentwell established seedlings will devote important budget replanting programs but does diagnostic protocols based sound epidemiological knowledge many cases governdibbled x m spacings two seeds per hill Seedsown beginning rainy season kg seed/ha
results obtained sowing
prepared seed bed Sow them raised beds polybags nursery half finger depth Maintain two feet between them did did die die die thereno remove remainder asdone classical genebank Dead palms died plantations diet therapy Anvil Publishing Inc Jackman H H Copra marketing price stabilization Papua New Guinea history Canberra ACT Development Studies Centre Research School Pacific Studies Australian National University dietary risks differ price ruptures different different different average when planted appropriate conditions Tall type varieties will different but related phytoplasmas different places around world Phytoplasmas can survive different characteristics face new pest different characteristics face new pest different conservation initiatives terms situ conservation uncultivated populations These include various initiatives different conservation initiatives terms situ conservation uncultivated cacao populations These include various initiatives different countries differs palatability few controlled contaminations natural bacteria help fully develop aroma sugar syrups other hand if saptoo contaminated bacteria sugar can no longer crystallize sapgenerally used make toddy honey practiced instance Kiribati Mitigation adaptation International Community ex APCC propose quality standards seven products including virgin oil addition moisture free fatty acids VCO standards take also
account colour iodine value saponification value Food additives different countries over different information another different laboratories Utilization collections associated science can contribute agriculture through delivery improved varieties different laboratories Utilization collections associated science can contribute cocoa different modalities contract networks etc define relations external actors customers suppliers community support services different nature explanation
highly complex generic systematic formalization different parties share risks different purposes including for food drink making ropes containers medicine building houses braiding different regional network members also elected year term COGENT different sources different sources different types malfunctions What followsa kind bad listshould avoided In research station large block old selected palms different varieties Plant other crops between palms difficult assess collections breeding populations However difficult control Occurrence severity difficult Mitigation adaptation first field action prevention FOs failure i e work their longevity resilience difficult other hand method
difficult predict what can trigger innovation transfers instance parasites difficult realize full potential cacao Major threats cacao difficult realize full potential coconut Constraints linked biology plant new AAAA lalith Pereira Novarianto palma cumbrous plant both terms space time Planting densities generally range between trees difficult sustainably fund gene banks research ambivalent multifaceted symbolisms associated palm difficulties please difficulty repaying same people dilute whereas they vital developing new products markets prevention emerging pest diluted normal water sugar other components added adjust acidity taste Packaged watermostly sweetened accounting packaged water market Flavoured products newly emerging market segment flavoured products dominated new product launches accounting nearly total launches led mixes pineapple green tea mango orange Pasteurization slows growth bacteria direct grants facilitating investment These strategic elements should get more attention directed consumer attention food safety issues Theses concerns directly cited Aikpokpodion PO Motamayor JC Adetimirin VO Adu Ampomah Y Ingelbrecht I Eskes AB Schnell RJ Kolesnikova Allen M directly cited Aikpokpodion PO Motamayor JC Adetimirin VO Adu Ampomah Y Ingelbrecht I Eskes AB Schnell RJ Kolesnikova Allen M directly Dwarf x Tall hybrids considered traditional varieties directly Dwarf x Tall hybrids Reprendre le texte de comm POLYMOTU et a&rticle ethnobiol In many cases we facing nationalist pseudo scientist attitudes saying directly link cacao component TropGENE ICGD Both ICGD TropGENE and therefore Cocoa directly link component TropGENE ICGD Both ICGD TropGENE and therefore CoconutGenDB contain information related clonal material directly pre positioned anti rat ring though can would disappearance Farmers organizations FOs extremely diverse rough typology suggests distinguishing Mercoiret FOs driven created national disappeared led unreasonable disaster can cause prices rise farmers rural disasters Cacao germplasmvulnerable disease threats making development Global Strategic Cacao Collection GSCC its safety duplication immediate priority It should safely duplicated distant location outside country preferably outside region Duplication through field genebanks remains financially daunting proposition Research technology development area vitro conservation cryopreservationtherefore vital survey requested information status safety duplication but responses were somewhat confusing mainly dur disasters contributing rapid erosion disasters contributing rapid erosion disasters germplasmvulnerable disease threats making development Global Networked Collection CNCC its safety duplication immediate priority It should safely duplicated distant location outside country preferably outside region Duplication through field genebanks remains financially daunting proposition Research technology development area vitro conservation cryopreservationtherefore vital survey requested information status safety duplication but responses were somewhat confusing mainly dur discover discover discussed below focusing mainly food cosmetics kernel contains discussed For farmers another advantage local organic certificationthat it
boost selling seednuts discussed Global Crop Diversity Trust other international donors privatesector discussed Global Crop Diversity Trust other international donors privatesector discussed Global Crop Diversity Trust other international donors privatesector discussed Global Crop Diversity Trust other international donors privatesector discussion genebank managers it appears average annual acquisition rate across system disease Another objective can introduce clones resistance diseases disease Another objective can introduce clones resistance diseases disease can cause serious problems social economic security However diseasecurrently disease Causal agent damage incurred Breeding efforts Besides traditional breeding efforts create pest disease Causal agent damage incurred Breeding efforts table disease Causal agent damage incurred Breeding efforts Witches' broom disease WBD Caused basidiomycete Moniliophthora perniciosa spread throughout South America Panama Caribbean causing great losses production disease challenges climate change different agronomic conditions changing consumer preferences Global Strategy provides clear framework public disease challenges climate change different agronomic conditions changing consumer preferences Global Strategy provides clear framework public disease control If yes which most damaging pest disease control post harvest practices They share relevant findings disease FP Caused basidiomycete Moniliophthora roreri significant losses production disease free coconut Indian Journal CPDT pest disease free material both use within University disease includes minimum description symptoms including detailed photographs current information its geographical distribution over disease includes minimum description symptoms including detailed photographs current information its geographical distribution over disease insect resistance disease insect resistance disease Its primary goals advance global cocoa disease management nurseries some Pacific countries many farmers no longer trust national nurseries Even if seednuts provided free they will disease
present publication Frison et al was used base although expanded include sections intermediate regional quarantine centres general recommendations germplasm movement risks disease
present publication Frison et al was used base although expanded include sections intermediate regional quarantine centres general recommendations cacao germplasm movement risks disease mitigation one less disease No Marasmiellusdetectable husk MRD X RIT hybrid seed when first harvested disease Nobody disease problems disease problems disease quarantine measures recommended source reference list Germplasm should obtained disease quarantine measures recommended source reference list Germplasm should obtained disease recommendations appropriate quarantine measures Currently disease recommendations appropriate quarantine measures Currently disease recommendations appropriate quarantine measures Germplasm should obtained disease recommendations appropriate quarantine measures Germplasm should obtained disease resistance AAAA Harries LLLL Navia D Gondim M G Aratchige N S & Moraes G J review status mite Aceria guerreronis Acari Eriophyidae major tropical mite pest disease resistance Breeding quality traits Climate Change costal areas new conservation ecotourism new germplasm exchange Benefits sharing disease resistance Breeding quality traits Evaluation germplasm Involvement farmers breeding Multiplication planting materials Cacao germplasm exchange Benefits sharing cacao disease resistance expected found Three types germplasm collected should prioritized Wild populations T spontaneous trees disease resistance expected found Three types germplasm collected should prioritized Wild populations T cacao spontaneous trees disease resistance Of collections surveyed institutes carry out breeding routine basis Source COGENT disease resistance Of collections surveyed institutes carry out breeding routine basis Source CacaoNet survey Question These are Brazil CEPEC CEPLAC Brazil CEPLAC/SUEPA Brazil CEPLAC/SUERO Costa Rica CATIE Côte d'Ivoire CNRA Cuba EIC ECICC Dominican Republic IDIAF Ecuador INIAP Ghana CRIG India CPCRI Indonesia ICCRI Malaysia MCB Nigeria CRIN Peru ICT Peru UNAS Togo CRAF following institutes carry out breeding activities occasionally Indonesia Bah Lias Papua New Guinea CCI Thailand CHRC USA USDA/ARS Miami Peru INIA cacao genebanks disseminate materials farmers occasionally cases regularly fewer cases Uptake genes disease resistance populations disease resistance proposed activities will disease resistance proposed activities will disease resistance reflects objectives collections key traits interest breeding Introduction new accessions disease resistance reflects objectives collections key traits interest breeding disease resistance Selection pest disease resistance studies agricultural food sciences Butterworth Heinemann Simmonds H W Mission New Guinea Bismarcks Solomons New Hebrides Legislative Council Fiji disease resistance Usually disease resistance Usually disease resistance well inadequate documentation evaluation results Therea lack sufficient variation important selection traits existing collections disease resistance well inadequate documentation evaluation results Therea lack sufficient variation important selection traits existing collections disease resistance wild cacao populations disease resistant varieties disease resistant varieties it seems essential develop genomic approach searching associations molecular markers disease resistance genes it was disease risks disease risks disease risks disease spread increasing global trade transportation pest disease spread
constrained References CPDT pest disease status national nurseries should published online report must signed designed service designed officer disease thus disease thus disease toolkit http //coconutpest disease toolkit http //coconutpest disease toolkit http //coconutpest disease toolkit http //coconutpest disease toolkit http //coconutpest disease toolkit Prevention http //coconutpest disease toolkit Rats http //coconutpest diseases diseases diseases diseases diseases diseases diseases diseases diseases coconut water major challenge existing conflict between dissemination agricultural technologies intensification agriculture maintaining agro biodiversity Adoption more uniform improved crop varieties
narrow down crop varietal diversity on farm Two polarized visions oppose each other diseases affecting coconut Those causing more severe problems described more detail Identification assists identify possible pest diseases affecting germplasm its safe movement Benefits sharing diseases affecting germplasm its safe movement Benefits sharing cacao diseases also consider new technologies they become available CacaoNet will diseases also consider new technologies they become available COGENT diseases also consider new technologies they become available It should continue consider most effective means raising awareness communicating importance safe germplasm movement community including regional basis since without understanding there danger illicit movement plant material will diseases also consider new technologies they become available It should continue consider most effective means raising awareness communicating importance safe germplasm movement cacao community including regional basis since without understanding there danger illicit movement cacao plant material will diseases Biosecurity measures crucial tools mitigate pest diseases but also dur diseases but also dur diseases C Planting material Efficient diversified planting material Methods selecting parent palms diseases C Risks diseases cacao coconut water description key features pest diseases cacao causal agents damage incurred breeding efforts carried out table diseases cacao causal agents damage incurred breeding efforts carried out Pest diseases cacao Each these sections was compiled diseases cacao geographically isolated diseases cacao special precautions needed when moving particular plant parts Therealso table diseases challenges production diseases coconut coconut water description key features pest diseases coconut causal agents damage incurred breeding efforts carried out Pest diseases coconut causal agents damage incurred breeding efforts carried out Pest diseases coconut Each these sections was compiled diseases colonise new areas over diseases controlled many other crops vitro collections i e tissue/embryo culture agar diseases controlled many other crops vitro collections i e tissue/embryo culture agar diseases cover diseases cover diseases Develop biological control teach farmers locate destroy Oryctes breeding sites molecular markers pathogen studies incentives farmers cut diseased palms diseases distribution answers second choicerelatively close first priority ranking other hand itonly level third choice constraints risks diseases endemic CacaoNet will diseases endemic COGENT diseases endemic quarantine activities illustrated Figure above points Strengthening use diseases endemic quarantine activities illustrated Figure above points Strengthening use cacao diseases etc explains importance cacao globally highlighting public diseases etc explains importance globally highlighting public diseases example Bahian Amelonadomore resistant than average Ceratocystis Brazilian Amazon area there landraces diseases example Bahian Amelonadomore resistant than average Ceratocystis Brazilian Amazon area there landraces diseases featured additional information quarantine measures Safe Movement Guidelines deals movement germplasm research crop improvement plant breeding exploration diseases featured additional information quarantine measures Safe Movement Guidelines deals movement germplasm research crop improvement plant breeding exploration diseases geographically isolated diseases greatest concern seem now Vanuatu Foliar Decay Guam Tinangaja viroid Coconut foliar decay CFD coconut water lethal disease coconuts described diseases having effect collection Diseases http //www coconut gov lk/en/home// CPDT pest diseases improve crop quality yield sell their produce
prices providing diseases Increased access information knowledge diseases Increased access information knowledge cacao diseases its yieldfairly low diseases lack knowledge farmers These two items count diseases Long term actions beyond three years Reviewing guidelines diseases Long term actions beyond three years Reviewing guidelines diseases loss diseases management well soil fertility management crop diversification major interventions project sustain productivity Agronomic performances selected introduced clones evaluated multi location trials One major innovation proposed project grafting budwood diseases many more serious possible pest diseases National laws restricting access use plant diseases National laws restricting access use plant diseases new areas causing significant crop losses activity will diseases new areas causing significant crop losses activity will diseases new environments see related section manual addition local quarantine plant animal health biosecurity departments Pacific regional agencies mandated assist preventing biosecurity incursion response managing invasive species pest diseases nurseries diseases nurseries International transmission pest diseases nurseries International transmission pest Diseases Oil Palm Advances Research Management th IOPRI MPOB International Seminar December Bandung Indonesia https //agritrop cirad fr/ //document_ pdf Falta V & Psota V Using potassium soap Cocanawoolly apple aphid control Ecofruit th International Conference Organic Fruit Growing Proceedings February pp Hohenheim Germany Fördergemeinschaft Ökologischer Obstbau eV FÖKO Kenis M Hurley B P Hajek coconut water E & Cock M J Classical biological control insect pest diseases organisms other than but will diseases other natural disasters diseases other natural disasters diseases other stresses that breeders producers also access diseases Over diseases Pacific adults bore
heart palm feed sap damaging immature fronds which emerge subsequently showing typical V shaped cuts reduced photosynthetic area When flag leafdamaged it will diseases Pacific island countries including Australia New Zealand should strengthen their collaborations diseases Pacific most important these agencies Pacific Community SPC Secretariat Pacific Regional Environment Programme SPREP Raising community awareness pest diseases Pacific region Much information presented manual comes diseases Phytoplasma diseases Viral diseases Oryctes rhinoceros beetle Mites Aceria guerreronis Other pest diseases Phytoplasmas Viral diseases Oryctes rhinoceros beetle Mites Aceria guerreronis Other pest diseases planting material agricultural practices organizational policy issues post harvest processing economics marketing socio cultural habits Each riskfirst briefly described then its occurrence severity examined issues associated its mitigation adaptation discussed Finally actions undertake proposed short bibliography gives key information sources Each individual risk assessmentauthored two five contributors diseases planting material agricultural practices organizational policy issues post harvest processing economics marketing socio cultural habits introduction each these eight sections provides generic perspectives addressing development Pacific region Each riskfirst briefly described then its occurrence severity examined issues associated its mitigation adaptation discussed Finally actions undertake proposed short bibliography gives key information sources total contributors manual included experts diseases Plate Type risks diseases Please estimate percentage original accessions collection safety duplicated original accessions in collection Percentage accessions collection diseases prevent potential incursion exotic pest diseases preventing distribution germplasm diseases preventing distribution germplasm diseases Processing diseases Publishing guidelines French Spanish Portuguese These activities would coordinated COGENT diseases Publishing guidelines French Spanish Portuguese These activities would coordinated CacaoNet estimated budget coordinationincluded Section Although costs running ICQC R known costs involved setting maintaining three regional facilities diseases quality Documentation dissemination promising materials research national international institutes In case palm distribution elite material global community particularly farmersnot under direct responsibility genebank but another department research programmes Despite fact many collections diseases quality Documentation dissemination promising materials research national international institutes Distribution elite material global cocoa diseases Quarantine advice relation moving germplasm diseases Quarantine advice relation moving germplasm diseases region Presently ACBWGinvolved regionally coordinated research programme African Cocoa diseases remain major threat diseases risks diseases risks diseases Satellite aerial remote sensing can help establish semi automatic procedure mapping land instability both its static aspects cartography degraded zones morpho dynamic combinations its evolution slope river atoll dynamics diseases Servicestasks include pest diseases should include recommendations selecting good planting material nursery management planting use salt diseases should strengthened public diseases sources knowledge information diseases special precautions needed when moving particular plant parts Therealso table diseases sudden attacks which remains main categories risks diseases sudden changes climate threats diseases sudden changes climate threats diseases These bi parental crosses reproduced seed gardens mostly through manual pollination it noteworthy mention even Ghana which diseases Thisparticularly case when germplasmmoved diseases Thisparticularly case when germplasmmoved diseases through nurseries apply Itimportant avoid transmission pest diseases thus threatening sustainability future cacao production diseases thus threatening sustainability future production diseases to date information pest diseases to date information pest diseases tolerate droughts other environmental stresses produce higher yields good quality coconut Their progress will diseases tolerate droughts other environmental stresses produce higher yields good quality cocoa Diseases toolkit CPDT http //coconutpest diseases using symptoms observed Prevention general approaches prevention biosecurity Diversity & resilience global change its effects production diseases when releasing seeds diseases which can reduce vigour trees diseases which can reduce vigour trees diseases while maintaining West Africanflavour Farmersawareness regenerate their farms superior cacao planting material other good agricultural practices will diseases will diseases will diseases will diseasesurgently needed improve effectiveness breeding programmes based recurrent selection Emerging powerful new technologies diseasesurgently needed improve effectiveness breeding programmes based recurrent selection Emerging powerful new technologies diseaseswell recognised Occurrence severity Presently many dismiss potential wider spread BCS given distribution patterns other related phytoplasmas Pacific Mitigation adaptation Littleknown displaying interesting characters displaying interesting characters dissemination Monitoring/analyzing/planning regeneration Seed/planting material preparation Field preparation Isolation cages cross pollinated species Planting field management Indexing/sanitation Harvesting seed/tuber/ cuttings storage Includes regeneration introduction new accessions multiplication storage multiplication distribution etc Characterization dissemination Monitoring/analyzing/planning regeneration Seed/planting material preparation Field preparation Isolation cages cross pollinated species Planting field management Indexing/sanitation Harvesting seed/tuber/ cuttings storage Includes regeneration introduction new accessions multiplication storage multiplication distribution etc Characterization distinctive flavour characteristics term Trinitarioalthough perhaps distinctive product References R Harvesting coconuts horses Brazil [Film] https //www youtube com/watch v=ZGa CCPPaM Das T K & Teng B S Risk types interfirm alliance structures Journal management studies Naseem coconut water Spielman D J & Omamo S W Privatesector distinguished two situations apply when futurerisky distributed rooted cuttings grafted plants Although breeding was initiated long time ago distributed rooted cuttings grafted plants Although cacao breeding was initiated long time ago distributing germplasm including those Brazil Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ghana Indonesia Nigeria Peru Togo Pest distributing germplasm including those Brazil Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ghana Indonesia Nigeria Peru Togo Pest distributing germplasm Itessential therefore those involved handling distributing germplasm Itessential therefore those involved handling cacao distribution particularly linkages between genebank managers plant breeders Strengthen linkages between ex situ distribution Processing drying packing labelling Threshing/mechanical cleaning Seed extraction washing cleaning 'wet' seed Drying operations Moisture content testing Sample sorting Sample identity check inc distribution Processing drying packing labelling Threshing/mechanical cleaning Seed extraction washing cleaning 'wet' seed Drying operations Moisture content testing Sample sorting Sample identity check inc diverged divergent Farmers would more interested studies optimizing harvest maximize their own benefits Both aspects should considered future scientific studies References Abdulsamad coconut water Connecting World Market through Regional Value Chains Partnership Opportunities Value Chain Small Caribbean Economies https //www researchgate net/publication/ _Connecting_to_the_World_Market_through_Regional_Value_Chains_Partnership_Opportunities_in_Coconut_Value_Chain_for_the_Small_Caribbean_Economies Deepradit S Pisuchpen R & Ongkunaruk P harvest planning aromatic using Monte Carlo simulation Industrial Engineering Applications ICIEA th International Conference pp IEEE H Risks diverse but diverse membership includes organizations companies diverse status long tradition production diversify other crops diversity analyses diversity analyses diversity
protect farmers palms diversity
protect you palms diversity
protect you palms divided
maintenance introduction costs other Centres estimated cost was therefore used maintenance Field collection costs include collections two sites tuber storage costs These costs will divided
maintenance introduction costs other Centres estimated cost was therefore used maintenance Seed processing costs include seed health testing cleaning coconut water cost recurring re introduction materials divided
maintenance introduction costs other Centres estimated cost was therefore used maintenance Field collection costs include collections two sites tuber storage costs These costs will divided
maintenance introduction costs other Centres estimated cost was therefore used maintenance Seed processing costs include seed health testing cleaning coconut water cost recurring re introduction materials DNA sequence identity Symptoms CTiVd differ do do do do do do take risks Dobuilevu India CPCRI Indonesia Bah Lias ICCRI Malaysia MCB Papua New Guinea CCI Philippines USMARC/PICRI Solomon Islands BPCU Thailand CHRC Vanuatu VARTC Vietnam Nong Lam University Dobuilevu India CPCRI Indonesia Bah Lias ICCRI Malaysia MCB Papua New Guinea CCI Philippines USMARC/PICRI Solomon Islands BPCU Thailand CHRC Vanuatu VARTC Vietnam Nong Lam University Dobuilevu SPC Dir * France CIRAD February French Guiana CIRAD February Ghana CRIG August Guyana MHOCGA July Honduras FHIA March India CPCRI July Indonesia Bah Lias March Indonesia ICCRI April Malaysia MCB
Nicaragua UNAN March Nigeria CRIN August Papua New Guinea CCI August Peru CEPICAFE March Peru ICT July Peru UNSAAC March Peru UNAS February Solomon Islands Black Post Unit SPC Dir * Thailand CHRC March Togo CRAF August Trinidad Tobago CRU/UWI April United Kingdom ICQC R February United States America USDA August ** Vanuatu VARTC SPC Dir * Venezuela INIA February collections Total * Directory Plant Dobuilevu SPC Dir * France CIRAD February French Guiana CIRAD February Ghana CRIG August Guyana MHOCGA July Honduras FHIA March India CPCRI July Indonesia Bah Lias March Indonesia ICCRI April Malaysia MCB
Nicaragua UNAN March Nigeria CRIN August Papua New Guinea CCI August Peru CEPICAFE March Peru ICT July Peru UNSAAC March Peru UNAS February Solomon Islands Black Post Cocoa does does Dolichotetranychus sp Amrineus cocofolius Flechtmann Colomerus novahebridensis Keifer Steneotarsonemus concavuscutum Lofego & Gondim Jr S furcatus De Leon Usually other herbivorous mites domain domain domain domain domain domain domain domain domain domain domain domain domain domain accessible collections CRU/UWI CATIE which considerable characterization evaluation domain accessible collections CRU/UWI CATIE which considerable characterization evaluation domain and domain and domain and domain available accessible use Increased collaboration between collections share responsibility long term conservation genepool Cost effective conservation methods promoted Gaps conserved diversity identified collection missions proposed priority germplasm threatened domain available accessible use Increased collaboration between collections share responsibility long term conservation cacao genepool Cost effective conservation methods promoted Gaps conserved diversity identified collection missions proposed priority germplasm threatened domain based passport characterization evaluation domain based passport characterization evaluation domain but itacknowledged currently domain but itacknowledged currently domain CacaoNet will domain CacaoNet will domain CacaoNet will domain CacaoNetworking towards establishment Global Strategic Cacao Collection GSCC virtual collection consisting materials domain COGENT domain COGENT domain COGENT domain COGENT domain conserved remain available distribution breeding programmes via intermediate quarantine monitoring progress towards implementation Global Strategy achievement its objectives outputscoordinated COGENT domain conserved remain available distribution breeding programmes via intermediate quarantine annual recurrent management activities following Support on going maintenance CNCC Emergency support safeguard threatened material Management CNCC information portal Maintenance safe movement network quarantine facilities Support priority collecting missions Network field evaluation trials priority CNCC materials Training capacity building CNCC partners Global partnerships towards Strategy implementation research capacity building activities over domain conserved remain available distribution breeding programmes via intermediate quarantine monitoring progress towards implementation Global Strategy achievement its objectives outputscoordinated CacaoNet workplan will domain conserved remain available distribution breeding programmes via intermediate quarantine annual recurrent management activities following Support on going maintenance GSCC Emergency support safeguard threatened material Management GSCC information portal Maintenance cacao safe movement network quarantine facilities Support priority collecting missions Network field evaluation trials priority GSCC materials Training capacity building GSCC partners Global partnerships towards Strategy implementation research capacity building activities over domain Country hosting regional genebanks Date of signing hosting MOA Date of signing International Treaty ITPGRFA Date of signing ITPGRFA successor Agreement Number of cultivars initially designated MOA Number these cultivars Currently domain diversitycritical ensure future world cocoa domain diversitycritical ensure future world production domain ex situ domain ex situ domain first step will domain first step will domain foreseeable future Strategic alliances should developed synergies harnessed domain foreseeable future Strategic alliances should developed synergies harnessed domain germplasm itsafely conserved long term according international standards it remain readily available plant breeding programmes other bona fide users domain germplasm itsafely conserved long term according international standards it remain readily available plant breeding programmes other bona fide users domain germplasm prioritized allow assessment recommendations inclusion CNCC Agreeing field evaluation multiple sites under controlled recorded conditions proposed CNCC accessions see Section below Conducting feasibility study vitro methods facilitate distribution through quarantine facilities including recommendations type materials budwood domain germplasm prioritized allow assessment recommendations inclusion GSCC Agreeing field evaluation multiple sites under controlled recorded conditions proposed GSCC accessions see Section below Conducting feasibility study vitro methods facilitate distribution through quarantine facilities including recommendations type materials budwood domain Global Strategy aims ensure institutes managing these accessions would conserve them long term evaluate them take necessary steps make them publically available Two agreed core selection methods employed Both use grouping selection optimum set accessions followed further iteration designed reduce redundancy core selection van Raamsdonk & Wijnker van Treuren et al & methodillustrated way reference large public domain Global Strategy aims ensure institutes managing these accessions would conserve them long term evaluate them take necessary steps make them publically available Two agreed core selection methods employed Both use grouping selection optimum set accessions followed further iteration designed reduce redundancy core selection van Raamsdonk & Wijnker van Treuren et al & methodillustrated way reference large public domain included International Treaty PGRFA main objectives stated cacao collections surveyed following Conservation management domain it was suggested more pragmatic approach could adopted allow exchange accessions which were already international collections but which domain it was suggested more pragmatic approach could adopted allow exchange accessions which were already international collections but which domain order make accessible disseminate useful information create public domain participation evaluation trials CNCC materials It will domain participation evaluation trials GSCC materials It will domain roles responsibilities network partners Identifying urgent conservation support needed material identified CNCC Characterizing public domain roles responsibilities network partners Identifying urgent conservation support needed material identified GSCC Characterizing public domain status they can become freely available bona fide users exchanged legally transparently fairly through use MTA In recognition difficulty some countries face placing domain status they can become freely available bona fide users exchanged legally transparently fairly through use MTA In recognition difficulty some countries face placing cacao domain their distribution Developing Global Networked Collection CNCC domain their distribution Developing Global Strategic Cacao Collection GSCC domain their distribution Global Strategy provides clear framework public domain their distribution Global Strategy provides clear framework public domain those which have domain through designation under Treaty domain through designation under Treaty domain through designation under Treaty was achieved CATIE CRU/UWI Once cacao accessions domain through designation under Treaty was achieved genebanks Brazil Côte dIvoire India Indonesia Papua New Guinea Once accessions domain together other organizations institutions networks involved domain together other organizations institutions networks involved cacao domain Unique valuable materialconserved these national collections thus collaborationneeded secure material increase access their use breeding programmes But most importantly no countryself sufficient when it comes range domain Unique valuable materialconserved these national collections thus collaborationneeded secure material increase access their use breeding programmes But most importantly no countryself sufficient when it comes range domain USDA/ARS separate project researchers domain USDA/ARS separate project researchers domain will domain will domain will domain will domain will domain will domainestimated domainestimated Dominican Republicexporting mature fruit USD Canada market importing million per year its industry large new plantings private companies expected produce least million more coconuts locally could reduce imports done black rat In s Marquesas Islands most young palms donor agencies SPC regional development issues include climate change disaster risk management fisheries food security education gender equality human rights non communicable diseases agriculture forestry land use water resources youth employment design manual was over donors Donors
wish fund Donors
wish fund don't take risks downgrade certain products context merci less drain excess rainwater endclosed end cap drain excess water soap water solutionfilled level holes pheromone sachet/vialhung middle vanes beetles attracted pheromone hit metal vanes drop
soap water solution die Oryctes pheromones available ChemTica Internacional S coconut water Apodo Heredia Costa Rica www chemtica com info@pheroshop com sales@pheroshop com Pest draw attention immediate threats situ conservation wild germplasm traditional varieties draw attention immediate threats situ conservation wild germplasm draw attention immediate threats situ conservation wild germplasm traditional varieties draw attention immediate threats situ conservation wild germplasm drilled onto well prepared weed free seedbed Seed growthrelatively slow seed must sown weed free soil seeds sown fly drink can stored transported its own natural sanitized container shell long run it
seem illogical extract water packaging plastic partially chopped tendernuts called diamondsstill Drip irrigation was introduced early s its use cultivation droop drought Marquesas Islands Use drip irrigation drought than grafted plants Clones vary immensely ease rooting example ICSnotoriously difficult root example tea selection first stepto establish candidateeasy root but has drought than grafted plants Clones vary immensely ease rooting example ICSnotoriously difficult root example tea selection first stepto establish candidateeasy root but has droughts associated El Niño severely impacted both high well low islands They put lot strain agricultural production drying on farm and/or drying on farm and/or DSA was released COGENT duplicate previously recorded abbreviation preferably including synonym abbreviation first part abbreviationa mnemonic full name shown following examples West African Tall abbreviationWAT Bali Yellow Dwarf BAYD was preferred previous AYD which was poor mnemonic abbreviation BYD already designates Brazilian Yellow Dwarf For self pollinating varieties letter G Y R O duplicate previously recorded name including synonym names coconut water cultivar name should consist two parts It should duplicated another field collection safety some
also backed through cryopreservation International quarantine required Material CNCC its associated information will duplicated another field collection safety some
also backed through cryopreservation International quarantine required Material GSCC its associated information will duplicated elsewhere Percentage accessions duplicated different fields same site Percentage accessions duplicated distant location If less dur dur dur dur dur dur dur dur Dur During CIDP meeting held Nadi during last years Users must contact specific during regeneration process Disease diagnostics before storage dissemination Cleaning vitro costs Distribution This involves activity sending accessions upon request e g preparation shipment etc Selection accessions Communication requestor follow question answering advice Seed sorting weighing Labelling packing Phytosanitary requirement follow SMTAs issuance Shipping/mailing Multiplication/regeneration samples Disease indexing Leaf sample preparation Information management This activity includes during regeneration process Disease diagnostics before storage dissemination Cleaning vitro costs Distribution This involves activity sending accessions upon request e g preparation shipment etc Selection accessions Communication requestor follow question answering advice Seed sorting weighing Labelling packing Phytosanitary requirement follow SMTAs issuance Shipping/mailing Multiplication/regeneration samples Disease indexing Leaf sample preparation Information management This activity includes during regeneration process Includes Disease diagnostics before planting dissemination Maintenance of In vitro collection Activity maintenance accessions ready dissemination upon request Includes vitro monitoring viability/vigour check elimination old culture contamination Germplasm sub culturing conservation Introduction/ multiplication accession vitro Includes Introduction
cryopreservation Multiplication dissemination during regeneration process Includes Disease diagnostics before planting dissemination Maintenance of In vitro collection Activity maintenance accessions ready dissemination upon request Includes vitro monitoring viability/vigour check elimination old culture contamination Germplasm sub culturing conservation Introduction/ multiplication accession vitro Includes Introduction
cryopreservation Multiplication dissemination Dwarf varieties Brazilian dwarf varieties When they ask hybrids instead giving them true ones nursery gives seednuts harvested Dwarf x Tall progenies dying dynamics diversity change farmersfields Despite existence over e g Brazil e g CEPEC`s collection was well evaluated e g CEPEC`s collection was well evaluated e g Papua New Guinea Côte dIvoire e g Papua New Guinea Côte dIvoire each each Centre each crop each every they find far we know therepresently each five regional networks constitute Steering Committee Asian Pacific Community APCC more each good parentnot enough fitfull farmers needs In many countries seednuts each group combined subject further round selection reduce redundancy within sum selections each group combined subject further round selection reduce redundancy within sum selections each limited number palms each limited number palms each member country each station without operators having worry early detection containment incursion References Chowdappa P Vinayaka H Chandrika M Josephrajkumar coconut water & Merin B Pest early detection monitoring mitigating development new pest early s lower profitability led significant decrease production earmarked shelters fitted nailed boards help people climb them safety during times disaster Inland erosion areas under crops including coconuts we can implement appropriate soil cropping practices reduce soil erosion example farmers can ease cultivation easily find seeds easily noticeable short term involves gradual implementation forecasting models Explore potential using organic materials including mulch compost charcoal/biochar water storage materials palm roots These materials
also capture store water East coast eat mature fallen ground Mitigation adaptation In case damage animals first stepto identify which animal caused destruction nuts can often identified way fibres husk eaten!Noël Mamère People economic agricultural point view it seems damages loss production economic competition between agricultural commercial sectors coconut water economic constraint commodity products forced price takers meaning they adapt market prices without possibility influencing them Climate natural disasters currency exchange rates trading policies importing countries also influence prices products Price fluctuations put sustainable economic crisis First hybridization between Dwarf Tall varieties were done Indian researchers Patel However economic crisis first known hybrid was created Fiji economic environment lack infrastructure dur economic opportunities producers For Pacific fluctuating price copra economic shock economic system marketing channels unique it settings context Even if quality products produced without proper supporting economic infrastructure proper marketing strategies challenges will economical production economical production economy economy economy economy economy economy economy economy economy Economy B Laliberté compiler Bioversity economy cacao economy depends availability economy depends significantly conservation sustainable economy including two major projects which focussed conservation utilization cacao economy it does bringing together national international players public economy it does bringing together national international players public economy Its research centres on creating range more productive and/or
quality planting material developing appropriate control methods building decision support tools establish viability thresholds farms depending farm size target markets developing tools assist defining recognizing quality studying determining factors labelling CIRADs scientists economy Its research centres on creating range more productive and/or
quality planting material developing appropriate control methods building decision support tools establish viability thresholds cocoa economy large particularly countries contributing economy Our commitment cover Economy Past Present EX/ / July ICCO Executive Committee nd meeting Bloomsbury House London September Li Z Traore coconut water Maximova S Guiltinan Somatic embryogenesis plant regeneration economy through economic social development environmental stewardship cocoa economy www eurococoa Ecuador Brazil Peru Bolivia Starting Ecuadorian Amazon regions Ecuadorian southern Amazonia region allowed rescue few wild trees ed ed ed ed ed ed ed another operation ed another operation ed banana leaves resulting variable bean quality though fermentation trays wooden crates ed banana leaves resulting variable cocoa ed coconuts transported backs people certain times year situation
worsened labour supply bottlenecks which unsatisfactorily resolved neglecting certain operations including weeding In June Pacific Agreement Closer Economic Relations Plus PACER was signed included sidearrangement labour mobility Pacific wanted agreement went beyond Australian SWP New Zealand Recognized Seasonal Employer RSE scheme Although lowskilled labour mobilityfacilitated under these labour mobility programs Pacific wanted more binding commitments PACER Plus Agreement would ensure region's gains ed elsewhere Field genebank Activity related maintenance cacao trees ed elsewhere Field genebank Activity related maintenance trees ed elsewhere Gap identification Collecting mission Phenotypic characterization multiplication seed processing safety duplication initial storage occurs these specific activities Disease indexing/quarantine initial storage occurs these specific activities Disease cleaning initial storage occurs these specific activities Characterization This activity recording characteristics each accession often conducted during regeneration process ed elsewhere Gap identification Collecting mission Phenotypic characterization multiplication seed processing safety duplication initial storage occurs these specific activities Disease indexing/quarantine initial storage occurs these specific activities Disease cleaning initial storage occurs these specific activities Characterization This activity recording characteristics each accession often conducted during regeneration process ed especially during land preparation harvesting ed forest old papers recommended strong chemical disinfection soil before starting nursery ed ITPGRFA nineties CATIE support WCF USDA/ARS initiated regional cacao breeding programme focus programmeselection generation high yielding disease resistant genotypes emphasis moniliasis Moniliophthora roreri black pod Phytophthora palmivora diseases two major biotic factors limiting cacao production ed NYSE Liffe/CRA Ltd ed NYSE Liffe/CRA Ltd ed NYSE Liffe/CRA Ltd ed NYSE Liffe/CRA Ltd ed PNG most immediate threat Pacific Islands It ed previous collecting missions [Guyana Plateau Brazil Amapá Roraïma French Guiana Suriname Venezuela Colombia Amazon region ] Specific landraces ed previous collecting missions [Guyana Plateau Brazil Amapá Roraïma French Guiana Suriname Venezuela Colombia Amazon region ] Specific landraces ed project have ed project have ed rainforests farmersfield Amazonian region It ed rainforests farmersfield Amazonian region It ed reason conservation was cultural Each variety taro was associated legend ed research development activities information supplies training education and/or technical assistance ed scientists but traditional farmers ed small fraction upper Amazon cacao germplasm collected prior early th century was based small number homozygous founders Since time deforestation diseases pest ed small fraction upper Amazon germplasm collected prior early th century was based small number homozygous founders Since time deforestation diseases pest ed under Article www planttreaty org annex ed under Article www planttreaty org Kraft Foods Kraft Foods worlds biggest chocolate company uses around if worlds total cocoa ed virus diseases CSSV Cocoa ed virus diseases CSSV yellow mosaic virus fungal diseases witchesbroom disease frosty pod black pod vascular streak dieback Verticillium wilt Ceratocystis wilt Rosellina root rot insect pest ed water more than two Ed Water Source Conflict ed way they eems effective inhibit quality deterioration during trading display effective links users andwill effective links users andwill effective voice www Bioversity effective voice www Bioversity effectively distributed among palms effectreversed when clones used produce seedlings Observation plots Mabang effectreversed when clones used produce seedlings Observation plots Mabang efficiency cost effectiveness efficient access storage transportation which indeed among most strategic segments every long export value chain fragility mature coconutsoften underestimated especially when husk efficient beetles trapped per week efficient breeding programs Pacific region few hybrids presently diffused were created dates back least years instance hybrid Malayan Red Dwarf x Rennell Island Tall was first planted It would good act now start prepare future It would
avoid fifteen years hybrids planted Pacific region will efficient cost effective management Potentially it
efforts Efforts also come efforts can come efforts improve efforts improve egg adult eighteen other institutions sequenced genome T cacao variety Criollo type eighteen other institutions sequenced genome T variety Criollo type eignty restrictions access eignty restrictions access Access conditions constantly changing especially those species eignty restrictions access Access conditions constantly changing especially those species eignty restrictions access these resources developing countries lack long term global strategy insufficient regional international collaborationreducing capacity global system conservation use germplasm eignty restrictions access these resources developing countries lack long term global strategy insufficient regional international collaborationreducing capacity global system conservation use cacao germplasm Recommendations Global Strategy following recommendations address major constraints long term conservation use cacao either rational either side m m either way treatment trunk injection elderly people others weakened immune systems In nineties occurrence severity contamination copra aflatoxins other noxious elders electricity materials/services etc Size operation there
economies scale affecting total costs Institutional factors element part one If elsewhere elsewhere South East Asia cryptic nature mild strain viruses illustrative why high levels precautions needed when moving material This case whether itbetween regions elsewhere South East Asia cryptic nature mild strain viruses illustrative why high levels precautions needed when moving cacao material This case whether itbetween regions email email email addresses coconut water first message asking stakeholders reply survey was sent via Google group June Then advertisement embedded environmental social cultural functions Depending functions considered nature risks embryo embryo plumules Field evaluation trials also needed select best clones if embryos embryos cultivated vitro each these pest embryos liquid nitrogen °C
offer complementary way conserve cacao without frequent sub culturing However application technology also requires further investigation coconut water considerable range cacao embryos liquid nitrogen °C
offer complementary way conserve without frequent sub culturing However application technology also requires further investigation coconut water considerable range embryos vitro embryos vitro emerge through participation acceptance international obligation commitments Safe movement germplasm Although essential utilization emerge through participation acceptance international obligation commitments Safe movement germplasm Although essential utilization cacao emerged many countries introduction intellectual property rights IPRs new varieties their emerged many countries introduction intellectual property rights IPRs new varieties their emerged many countries introduction intellectual property rights IPRs new varieties their emerged many countries introduction intellectual property rights IPRs new varieties their emerged many Pacific countries while most these countries emerged one most important invasive pest employs two workers fair trade manner would like certified both organic fair trade questions can individual certification happen if yes enable enable enable enable enable enable enable encountered encourage collaboration national collections FAO International Treaty promote placing germplasm particularly accessions identified inclusion CNCC public encourage collaboration national collections FAO International Treaty promote placing germplasm particularly accessions identified inclusion GSCC public encouraged translate encouraged translate encourages international regional national public encourages researchers provides vital input support academic research renders endowment fund securing funding components Global Strategy
take some time highest priority will endowment fund securing funding components Global Strategy
take some time highest priority will energy nutrient needs consumers meeting their physiological characteristics their consumption habits was part Pacific diets centuries but things
evolve Food self sufficiency if it still exists now enforcement fair equal standards set Governengage dialogues donors secure funding its short term longer term objectives Itanticipated funding allocation guiding principles criteria adopted Global Crop Diversity Trust will engage dialogues donors secure funding its short term longer term objectives Itanticipated funding allocation guiding principles criteria adopted Global Crop Diversity Trust will engage International Plant Protection Convention IPPC its Regional Plant Protection Organizations ensure these guidelines widely available those responsible phytosanitary systems producing countries IPPC Convention contracting parties develop phytosanitary measures underpin partiesability manage pest engage International Plant Protection Convention IPPC its Regional Plant Protection Organizations ensure these guidelines widely available those responsible phytosanitary systems cocoa engage report donors supporting implementation Strategy Estimated budget USD annual budget training capacity building partners estimated total annual costs Global Strategy USD annual budget emergency support safeguard threatened material in situ ex situ engage report donors supporting implementation Strategy Estimated budget USD annual budget training capacity building partners estimated total annual costs Global Strategy USD annual budget emergency support safeguard threatened material in situ ex situ engorged rats considerable amounts oil totally unrealistic health studies Then these scientists found rats were unwell They published these results enhance complementarity effectiveness COGENT enhance complementarity effectiveness COGENT enhance over enhanced www icraf org World Cocoa enough income food while working little possible Itappropriate us make most each hour devoted fieldwork When comparing these two representations one could almost say there two different worldviews clash there true representation fake one Probably no Therea part truth each these representations which express different points view In introduction chapter one definitions 'agricultural ecological intensification' was 'producing more food enough information enough manage pest enough protected present system new version CGRD database software together new more user friendly web interface named COCOGIS Coconut Germplasm Information System will enough reliable information borrowers they will enough small farming enough visibility take risk financing them Coconut farmers ensure accuracy information reported publication COGENT ensure agreement establishment CNCC andfunctions behalf its members COGENT ensure agreement establishment GSCC andfunctions behalf its members CacaoNet its partners will ensure conservation most vital resourceplaced forever firm foundation Development Global Networked Collection Ensuring entire genepoolconserved ex situ ensure conservation most vital resourceplaced forever firm foundation Development Global Strategic Cacao Collection Ensuring entire cacao genepoolconserved ex situ ensure coordination dissemination information organization expert consultations It will ensure coordination dissemination information organization expert consultations It will ensure sufficient volumes quality produce available meet demand customers Another valuable less ensuring sustainability cocoa ensuring sustainability economy enter specific market VCO exports prove difficult because processors face difficulty obtaining certification Markets importers developed countries require certain standards certification guarantee productsquality This section provides over entered commercial oil war relative fair play positive attitude They promoted healthy aspects oil without communicating negative properties other competing oils Thisa good start slogan Dont wash transgenic could efficient campaign promote natural lauric oil instead transgenic colza canola oils Palm oilalready impeded negative feelings linked oil palm oil will entered niche markets many developed markets entering processing management including catalogue preparation Includes Management hard copy documentation/field lab books/collection sheets/MTAs/agreements Database management entering processing management including catalogue preparation Includes Management hard copy documentation/field lab books/collection sheets/MTAs/agreements Database management entering processing management including catalogue preparation Management hard copy documentation/field lab books/collection sheets/MTAs/agreements Database management entering processing management including catalogue preparation Management hard copy documentation/field lab books/collection sheets/MTAs/agreements Database management enters world trade Criollo cocoa ential should include scientists quarantine officers agreement local farmers Biological control entitle you copyright entrusted them realization writing manual At Land Resources Division SPC we thank Jan Helsen Karen Mapusua Naheed Hussein Asish Prasad Roneel Prasad Stephen Hazelman organizational material support provided framework Industry Development Pacific CIDP project We also thank Maria Ronna Luna Pastorizo Sekiguchi Greenhouse studio providing entry analysis entry analysis entry analysis entry analysis entry database management Database safety backup Long term seed storage This activityfor conservation accessions long term storage facility Cold room Costs services electric cooling equipment alarm/monitoring system security general maintenance Sample storage Stock management Germination viability testing DNA genebanks Seed processing/preparation Cryopreservation Medium term seed storage This activityfor conservation accessions medium term storage ready dissemination upon request Cold room Costs services electric cooling equipment alarm/monitoring system security general maintenance Sample storage Stock management Germination viability testing DNA genebanks Seed processing/preparation Cryopreservation In vitro conservation Field genebank Field management/irrigation Field inspection diseases Processing planting cuttings tubers sanitation Germplasm harvesting non perennials Characterization lab activities e g health testing Maintenance cryopreserved collection Germplasm maintenance liquid nitrogen Cryopreserved sample monitoring Costs associated introduction new material
cryopreservation Introduction new accessions
cryopreservation Multiplication introduction new material
cryopreservation Maintaining cryopreserved collection Maintenance In vitro collection In vitro conservation / medium long term storage sub culturing In vitro seedling monitoring viability/vigour check elimination old culture contamination Germplasm subculturing conservation Germplasm maintenance using slow growth methods Disease cleaning Disease Indexing Introduction
cryopreservation Multiplication dissemination Introduction entry database management Database safety backup Long term seed storage This activityfor conservation accessions long term storage facility Cold room Costs services electric cooling equipment alarm/monitoring system security general maintenance Sample storage Stock management Germination viability testing DNA genebanks Seed processing/preparation Cryopreservation Medium term seed storage This activityfor conservation accessions medium term storage ready dissemination upon request Cold room Costs services electric cooling equipment alarm/monitoring system security general maintenance Sample storage Stock management Germination viability testing DNA genebanks Seed processing/preparation Cryopreservation In vitro conservation Field genebank Field management/irrigation Field inspection diseases Processing planting cuttings tubers sanitation Germplasm harvesting non perennials Characterization lab activities e g health testing Maintenance cryopreserved collection Germplasm maintenance liquid nitrogen Cryopreserved sample monitoring Costs associated introduction new material
cryopreservation Introduction new accessions
cryopreservation Multiplication introduction new material
cryopreservation Maintaining cryopreserved collection Maintenance In vitro collection In vitro conservation / medium long term storage sub culturing In vitro seedling monitoring viability/vigour check elimination old culture contamination Germplasm subculturing conservation Germplasm maintenance using slow growth methods Disease cleaning Disease Indexing Introduction
cryopreservation Multiplication dissemination Introduction entry format morphological physiological agronomically valued information example entry format morphological physiological agronomically valued information example environmental adaptability status some ex situ environmental adaptability status some ex situ environmental consequences prevents seednuts produced labelled organic least three years information related nurserieshighly sensitive regular periodic report per month environmental economic social impacts plant pest environmental economic social impacts plant pest environmental generally built around leaders high skills experience Their longevity therefore risk institutional rupture negative impacts producers closely related their origin FOs can also characterized multiple parameters which there four resources available them particular quantity nature material financial human resources members board employees etc technical system FO depending characteristics marketed product technologies used investments epidemic expansion biological control needs assisted using chemical methods i e pest epidemic expansion pathogens biological control
lose effectiveness Thus it
useful set intervention thresholds which farmers would
off foregoing organic approach biological control using chemical methods temporary measure It seems
equator equator equipment It best estimate using classical financial calculations expressing capital stocks annualized cost present value terms Calculating cost replacement capital stockan entirely different exercise would take account changes technology new unit costs many other factors However mechanism building cash reserve i e capital fundusing present value rather than simple depreciation cost would result faster cash accumulation Comparative costs Italways tempting compare costs operation between institutions case CGIAR Centres especially activities seem surface similar nature genebanks thisespecially temptation when same crop equitable sharing benefits including monetary benefits derived equitable sharing benefits including monetary benefits derived equivalent organizations play critical role protecting agriculture environment er Antilles Orinoco delta Colombian Pacific coast etc Other examples landraces domesticated er Antilles Orinoco delta Colombian Pacific coast etc Other examples landraces domesticated er comparison surrounding villages Even if innovationrisky we should try least two demonstration plots should installed Pacific region Actions undertake Regarding er cost but recurring cost introduction here based accessions er cost but recurring cost introduction here based accessions er extent Criollo types er quality In country biosecurity quarantine regulations within Pacific Island countriesalso challenge products eradication tool Commercial baits can brought erosion Inland flooding will erroneous information erroneous information
unintentionally es coconut water Results online survey es coconut water Results online survey B Contributors manual Summary Industry Development Pacific CIDP Projecta joint initiative Pacific Community SPC European Union EU African Caribbean Pacific Group States ACP CIDP aims bolstersector es annex es annex es annex es annex escaped biological control Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus andinvading Pacific Islands Journal invertebrate pathology PAFPNet Consolidated responses PAFPNet Discussion Query Ways reduce Rhinoceros Beetle breeding sites around plantations
https //pafpnet spc int/attachments/article/ / Consolidated% Responses% to% CRB% query pdf Mites Aceria guerreronis Escribano et al comparison we plotted sample scores equal number randomly composed core sets equal size We employed replicate runs iterations within each replicate each population group Once minimal sample size required contain maximum allelic richness Escribano et al comparison we plotted sample scores equal number randomly composed core sets equal size We employed replicate runs iterations within each replicate each population group Once minimal sample size required contain maximum allelic richness especially especially atoll nations study cited these important trends concerning natural hazards dur especially elderly women especially musings especially younger children can hinder efforts effectively target prevention efforts Research essential farmers breeders consumers Most countries involved improvement production essential farmers breeders consumers Most countries involved improvement production essential passport characterization essential reduce breeding substrates If possible cut establish following four Working Groups Partnership conservation development CNCC Diversity analysis situ conservation Use safe movement germplasm Documentation information management main tasks COGENT establish following four Working Groups Partnership conservation development GSCC Diversity analysis situ conservation Use safe movement germplasm Documentation information management main tasks CacaoNet Working Groups will established established International established regional resource centres well model farms Establishment nurseries will established they can remain ground many decades can readily provide budwood seed established they can remain ground many decades can readily provide budwood seed establishment new Cook Islands based insurance company called PCRAFI Facility which will estimate probability negative event occurring it not possible estimate Estimated annual acquisition new accessions Average based acquisition activities Bioversity Estimated annual acquisition new accessions Average based acquisition activities Bioversity estimated budget coordinationincluded Section Although costs running ICQC R known costs involved setting maintaining three regional facilities estimated budget USD year projectbased experts carrying out type project USDA INIAP Ecuador An annual budget priority collecting missions estimated samples/year unit cost USD travel/equipment USD Estimated budget USD three year project diversity analysis USD annual budget priority collecting missions situ on farm conservation important estimated budget USD year projectbased experts carrying out type project USDA INIAP Ecuador An annual budget priority collecting missions estimated samples/year unit cost USD travel/equipment USD Estimated budget USD three year project diversity analysis USD annual budget priority collecting missions situ on farm conservation important estimated funds required its implementation based two types costs cost annual recurrent management activities cost one off initial research capacity building activities bring global system required international standards In eventuality it not possible secure funds needed fully implement Strategy outset highest priority will estimated funds required its implementation based two types costs cost annual recurrent management activities cost one off initial research capacity building activities bring global system required international standards In eventuality it not possible secure funds needed fully implement Strategy outset highest priority will estimated million coconuts per annum produced Samoa estimated million tonnes ICCO monthly average daily prices cocoa estimating occurrence severity FOs dysfunctions farmers we face systemic risks estimation actual costs Recognizing new acquisitions will etc Even when we hire foreign experts PhDs they will etc Thus having good source organic seedlingsnot major priority countries euphoric period market would collapse decrease volume price detriment both producing countriessector Europe nitrogen main limiting factor wheat yield Europe farmers Europe received gift arrival young coconut milk drink Seeing fruit first time he would European companies associations group seeks improve coordination these activities cooperate research groups liaise other industry public Euros annual fee Euros Mitigation adaptation For third party certification farmers should form organizations will euros group farmers no annual fee yet will Euros per farmer Euros per hectare when compared example above associations can also apply grants Euros per hectare When calculating based fruits per palm palms Euros per litre viewed August Most plantations produce tendernuts per palm per year returnsaid local stakeholders Euros per litre water while same aromatic watersold more than Euros per litre USA market Amazon com bottles Harm less Euros per year farmers Euros supply seedlings model farms will evaluated germplasm i e material can directly included national local selection trials well breeding efforts enhanced breeding populations i e populations enhanced value agronomic traits in particular disease resistance were selected using wide evaluated germplasm i e material can directly included national local selection trials well breeding efforts enhanced breeding populations i e populations enhanced value agronomic traits in particular disease resistance were selected using wide evaluated monthly using parameters related precocity vigour yield capacity disease resistance Renewed efforts improve evaluated possibly released commercial usage Mabang Megakarya Selection Programme initiated Ghana first stage recurrent selection best clones will evaluated possibly released commercial usage Mabang Megakarya Selection Programme initiated Ghana first stage recurrent selection best clones will Evaluation evaluation economically important characteristics yield disease resistance establishment ability precocity quality An example project aimed strengthening evaluation exchange promising materials evaluation economically important characteristics yield disease resistance establishment ability precocity quality An example project aimed strengthening evaluation exchange promising materials evaluation information specific trees evaluation information specific trees even animals conceptderived even counterproductive seedlings already sprouted even disease tolerant thus can accelerate epidemics case new even essential have even if damaged trees even increase productivity labour even kill palms even market fresh nuts instead mature nuts because market even no even no even resulting abandonment cacao farms Mesoamerica regions Ecuador Venezuela itcontinuing spread rapidly region Resistance frosty pod even their advisers even unique individuals showing desired traits approach even unique individuals showing desired traits approach even which puts these objectives out reach Since researchers even whole plantations Under framework CIDP project thirty participants evenly distributed among bunches palm within palms events higher rates acquisition new accessions than included study moves towards generating more making greater use molecular events Ocean & Coastal Management Gharbaoui D & Blocher J Limits Adapting Climate Change Through Relocations Papua New Guinea Fiji events prove hope was eventual providers plantation actors downstream value chain affected them industrial choicea risk their activity livelihood When it concerns small scale agriculture negotiated accepted farmers previous landowners shift can seen positive opportunity them but once again consequences other stakeholders value chain
negative Therefore it could seen medium long term risk When transformation land usenot negotiated eventually die anyway second type trap cross vane trap ever been observed Its perennial nature permits long time conservation successive generations living collections coconut water field experiment breeding frequently cover evidence micro filtration processes used Thailand Dominican Republic same industrial processes water often kept secret large companies For virgin oil evolve climate change each country risk farmers must informed evolve it will evolved during research interaction many stakeholders beginning some socio economic topics were missing evolved It therefore involves protection areas ecosystems habitats which plants evolved It therefore involves protection areas ecosystems habitats which plants evolved over evolved over evolved range defences can actively expressed response response damage evolved significantly over evolved We can extrapolate situation coconut Theregood reason think if today we plant resistant palm therea high probability years later before its natural death palm will Ex situ Ex situ ex situ ex situ Ex situ Ex situ ex situ ex situ Ex situ example example example was found Marquesas Island example was illustrated chapter ZZ Pacific region However drastic changes land use diseases climate change associated natural catastrophes adoption farmers high yielding varieties exceed exceed characters andwritten English except possibly first part first part name includes one these vernacular cultivar name place exceed supply expected growth cocoa exceed supply expected growth consumption Brazil China Eastern Europe India Russia Therean average increase demand per year for past years industry estimates it will Excellence International Cocoa excessive foreign investments An agricultural crisis can create problems society whole example break agri food supplies rising excessive water evaporation exchange requests interesting materials But addition duplication between collections duplication within collectionsa major issue mainly dur exchange requests interesting materials But addition duplication between collections duplication within collectionsa major issue mainly dur exchanged also similar set activities Africa will exchanged also similar set activities Africa will exchanged breeding purposes Treatment pollennot possible other than sieving out larger contaminating pest exchanged lot germplasm while some other countries under international mandate under treaty did excluded excluded Solomon Islands PFIP http //www pfip org/newsroom/blog/improving financial well excluded solomon islands Papua New Guinea National Development Bank n d https //www ndb com pg/index html ©R Plate Diamonddrinking sold floating market Thailand profitable business aromatic water exclusion these farmers same mechanisms can occur adoption wide range innovations new varieties new inputs new techniques new trading practices etc instance Solomon Islands palms exist International Quarantine Centre safe movement existing certifying bodies Then they will existing Côte dIvoire presently existing diseases Yields harvest uses
also limited using single varietal type thateither unproductive existing jeopardize selection efficiency choice Dwarf x Tall hybrid parent palms existing local populations Copra dried kernel existing palms existing plantations rather than existing varieties Old documents offices were burned but palms exists but it appears prevalencemuch lower Pacific region In Dominican Republic within last years private companies exotic ones expand their activities expanding strongly driven water VCO Ithighly likely future these markets will expected greater focus pest expecting receive new acquisitions growth collections expects continue facilitate dialogue between ITPGRFA countries maintaining materials targeted CNCC order encourage countries follow example CATIE CRU/UWI place selected accessions under Treaty process developing CNCCrepresented Figure see next page Securing existing ex situ expeditions expeditions expeditions Amazon basin Cacao Thevenin JM Umaharan R Surujdeo Maharaj S Latchman B Cilas C Butler DR Relationships between black pod witches' broom diseases Theobroma cacao Phytopathology Toxopeus H Botany types populations In Wood GAR Lass RA editors Cocoa expeller cake oil expellers crudeoil
expensive index treat see next section Germplasm health Diseases insects pose major problem genebank managers expensive index treat see next section Germplasm health Diseases insects pose major problem genebank managers expensive item farmers purchase direct heat program will expensive maintain Evaluating germplasm important traits Pre breeding Training Research conservation expensive more widely available likely increasingly important managing expensive more widely available likely increasingly important managing experience more coastal flooding Coastal flooding will experience more rainfall More frequent king tides will experienced growth during past decade through either collecting expeditions experienced growth during past decade through either collecting expeditions experiences other countries experiencing problem Mitigation adaptation way reverse trend against coconutto demonstrate value chain can more profitable environment friendly than other cash crops goes vision along value chain
experiencing second economic boom palm first one started around ended Analysis pastcrucial understand present prepare future Occurrence severity Experimental Applied Acarology Navia D De Moraes G J Roderick G & Navajas M invasive mite Aceria guerreronis Acari Eriophyidae origin invasion sources inferred Experimental Applied Acarology Selection pest experiments can conceived profitable plantation collaboration private partners Actions undertake Agronomists expert input experts list contacts explained local populations using language they can understand results will explained local populations using language they can understand results will explants maturation these embryos
plantlets also explants maturation these embryos
plantletsa laboratory based procedure bulk selected improved variety plantlets weaned under nursery conditions supplied farmers young plants techniqueused Nestlé Tours working institutes Ecuador Indonesia ICCRI Côte dIvoire Penn State University exploited exploited explored Itanticipated increased capacity supply promote improved planting material high yielding resistant pest export export access Occurrence severity There export any Netherthe less exported another million go bottled water industry Therea strong concurrence between two sectors Diamond coconutnot organic no market while bottled water try go organic ©R Plate Seed production exported should exporting position value chain structure Therea strong financial motivation these members ensure win winarrangement success members collective exports subjected legal regulations importing countries specific requirements exposed insect vector CFD viroid then it does expressed surprise crop was expressed surprise crop was not designated priority crop International Treaty Plant expressed their support development Global Strategy Conservation Use expressed their support development Global Strategy Conservation Use Cacao extended drought
greatly reduce yield plantations external factors influence their functioning their characteristics namely requirements market demand influence way goods extracted DNA also extracted DNA also extreme climate event supporting FOs can mitigate consequences producers Some FOs when they extreme susceptibility complete resistance pest extreme weather events compromised safety security water food psychosocial ill health population pressures health system deficiencies Climate changea major cause increased floods some areas water scarcity and droughts others Droughts caused El Niño/Southern Oscillation ENSO episodes were reported Some stations recorded precipitation drops western Pacific while resulting unusually high rainfall central Pacific ReliefWeb leading humanitarian information source global crises disasters
specialized digital service UN Office Coordination Humanitarian Affairs OCHA website provides reliable timely information enabling humanitarian workers make informed decisions plan effective response They collect deliver key information including latest reports maps infographics extreme weather events Itimportant steps taken ensure representatives most extreme weather events Itimportant steps taken ensure representatives most face uncertainty These first definitions warnings suggest adaptations agriculturalsector Facilitate access standardized protocols characterization evaluation information analysis long term conservation germplasm Facilitate access technologies procedures methods conserve improve breed e g molecular Facilitate access standardized protocols characterization evaluation information analysis long term conservation germplasm Facilitate access technologies procedures methods conserve improve breed cacao e g molecular facilitate emergence new technical solutions If plantationunder irrigation correct fertilizer application soil moisture conservation good agronomic practices palms facilitate raising support identifying funding priorities ensure conservation availability use improvement facilitate raising support identifying funding priorities ensure conservation availability use improvement cacao facilitate rationalization existing future cacao collections reduce duplication efforts CacaoNet supports strengthens following aspects Long term effective cost efficient conservation important facilitate rationalization existing future collections reduce duplication efforts COGENT facilitator Bioversity facilities site Côte d'Ivoire CNRA Ghana CRIG Reading ICQC R Indonesia Bah Lias Malaysia MCB USA USDA facilities site Côte d'Ivoire CNRA Ghana CRIG Reading ICQC R Indonesia Bah Lias Malaysia MCB USA USDA facilities tissue culture/micropropagation its facility use electricity security maintenance etc information technology costs usually calculated full cost assigned each computer other direct support costs Additionally model required each Centre include its indirect cost rate over Facing emergency situations over fact distinction between formal safety duplication i e fact distinction between formal safety duplication i e factories press oil larger scale Plate schematizes main players oilsector Facts & Figures Producing approximately global output West Africaeconomically most important cocoa facts figures Biological Invasions Molet T CPHST Pest failed because information premises assumptions underpinned these initiatives were false Both technical economic information decisions considered risk description even if failed lower disease incidence but failed village mayor failures along value chain instance when processernot able make job consequence
commercial lost producer But these risks fair trade buyers require exporters control food safety hazards production fair trade labels should informed fair trade Organic HACCP etc members individually could fair trading certification schemes most common PacificFairTrade Fairtrade certification system aims assure consumers their purchase meets special social economic environmental standards FairTrade standards designed tackle poverty empower producers developing countries Market trends indicate significant demand fall below °C pollen germination pollination process impaired fruit set reduced At seedling stage heat stress high intensity solar radiation can affect growth fall price copra oil
illustrate situation Some local international experts thought fall unsustainable fallen ground Wild falling branches two falling coconuts palm trauma involved mainly males median age those injured was Hybrids demystified promoted levels Farmers agricultural officers processors policy makers hybridjust cross between two varieties they local falls false alarm families well direct support family can meet their cash needs It seems important diversify customers family minimum current cocoa family minimum current farm productivity needs trebled Cleary availability broad range FAO/IPGRI Technical Guidelines No Global FAO/IPGRI Technical Guidelines No Global Cacao far Certified organic planting material far collecting actions far collecting actions far economically viable methods on farm conservation lacking littleknown far In gene banks seed gardens Vanuatu Agricultural Research Centre VARTC damage caused CFD far Pacific region far Pacific region major companies far they meet specific criteria required biological reproductive isolation These dedicated sites can small islands owned communities far under standard farm business based four essential interconnected variables agriculture performances market value production farm consumers Improve processes preparation storage high value products post harvest management develop end end cold chain water assist processing equipment virgin oil developing automation nectar toddy extraction set small/medium integrated value added product processing International policies Increase international cooperation research produce training manuals long term loan technology support push quality products market communicate national health authorities farm consumers International policies Reducing cost product transportation Total Total table farm could farm level processing If products diversify farm productivity needs trebled Cleary availability broad range farmer cannot solved one company farmer choosing non organic seedlings high farmer fields farmer fields farmer seeks manage these variables intermediate purpose controlling turnover farmers farmers farmers farmers farmers can create hybrid crossing Fiji farmers consumers today
future conservation exploitation cacao farmers especially if those farmers your relative Another examplepest farmers estimate category five cyclone hitting their farms cause loss farmers failed getting seednuts farmers farms palm localization Palm characterization two methods mature fruit analysis tendernut analysis Nursery test discarding hybrids Implementing farmers field but if moved same precautions those presented risk n° transmission pest farmers fields but they generally rare farmers fields choice farms provide seedsdubious No studies conducted estimate real value their seednuts criteria choosing seednuts suppliers mainly social farmer's fields yieldsimprovement will farmers It should facilitate diversification cocoa farmers Neverthe less Farmers' organizations follow movement but attitude farmers origin governfarmers Record eldersknowledge before it disappears century colonial capitalistic industrial cultivation should farmers side issues farmers simply farmers their communities ensure cocoa farmers These varieties generally mass selected planted seeds farmers These varieties generally mass selected planted seeds farmers through research consumers bringing together national international players both public farmers through research consumers bringing together national international players both public farmers through research consumers bringing together national international players both public farmers through research consumers bringing together national international players both public farmers through research consumers coordinating strengthening farmers through research consumers coordinating strengthening farmers through research consumers coordinating strengthening conservation related research efforts worldwide network public farmers through research consumers coordinating strengthening conservation related research efforts worldwide network public farmers through research consumers coordinating strengthening conservation related research efforts worldwide network public farmers will farmers will farmers worldwide million number people farmersfield recommended method developed et al carefully keep these farmersfields city will farmersfields essential link between farmersfields essential link between farmersfields Manipulating resistance diseases like lethal yellowingchallenging because difficulty effectively inducing diseases under controlled situations However there many reports confirming genotype variability resistance most stress factors some varieties carrying exceptionally high level resistance Even best case resistance farmersfields New germplasm can introduced
field genebank seedling trees farmersfields New germplasm can introduced
field genebank seedling trees farmersfields Peru River basins Madre de Dios Ucayali Urubamba Huallaga Putumayo Purus Marañon Trinidad Colombia Peru Bolivia Venezuela materials Criollo characters state Sucre north front coastal part farmersfields Peru River basins Madre de Dios Ucayali Urubamba Huallaga Putumayo Purus Marañon Trinidad Colombia Peru Bolivia Venezuela Cacao materials Criollo characters state Sucre north front coastal part farmersfields their own countries Therean interest farmersfields their own countries Therean interest farmersfields validate performance new varieties farmersareas Australian Centre International Agricultural Research ACIAR Mars started testing farmersselections Sulawesi farmersfields validate performance new varieties farmersareas Australian Centre International Agricultural Research ACIAR Mars started testing farmersselections Sulawesi farmersincomes livelihood Policy coordination issues reflect both constraints rather than risks farming farming farming farming farming farming farming farming farms farms farms farms clonal accessions selected breeding plots ICG T contains samples farms clonal accessions selected breeding plots ICG T contains samples farms Clonal accessions selected breeding plots Other please specify Please estimate percentage accessions following categories Categories Percentage Local origin native host country Regional origin native host region but farms closest nursery simply chosen selection seednuts farmsinefficient farms depending farm size target markets developing tools assist defining recognizing quality studying determining factors labelling CIRADs scientists farms factories Organic production farms Well established farmers farms West Central Africa Accessing improved planting materiala problem farmers most areas especially those distant existing seed gardens issue whichcommon subregion offers wide scope sharing collaboration alternative decentralized seed/budwood garden approaches These include somatic embryogenesis produce clonal planting materials molecular technologies confirm parentage seed garden hybrids ensure disease free planting materials Research seed storage methods other methods altering seasonal availability hybrid seed
match farmersseasonal demand planting seed start rains March/April could generate high return IITA fashion accessories financial investments collective Western imagination palm fashion accessories financial investments combination hammocks fast growing wild plants Farmers often abandon maintenance their groves some countries coconuts rot bush no longer fast low production fat moisture wet basis preparing copra moisture contentreduced less fatal infections young children frail favour expansion new pest federation com FEDECACAO www fedecacao com co FHIA www fhia org hn GPA www fao org/agriculture/crops/core themes/theme/seeds pgr/gpa ICA www ica gov co ICCO www icco org ICCRI www iccri net ICGD www icgd rdg ac uk ICQC R www icgd rdg ac uk/contact_ICQC php ICT www ict peru org IDIAF www idiaf gov federation com Global Cacao feed their families animals Their harvest will feed you during next fifty years first years crucial establishing palms feed young leaves causing damage long leaves remain within their reach In two places it felled trunks provide less fertilization mites few collections few collections few collections few collections few collections carry out virus indexing institute few collections carry out virus indexing institute few collections carry out virus indexing those few collections carry out virus indexing those few collections provide access materials beyond national boundaries current status fundinginadequate routine operations maintenance including buildings facilities equipment genebanks research collection collecting germplasm number trained staffinadequate genebanks level trained staffinadequate collections situationmost critical regarding funding collecting inadequate research collections e g characterization evaluation inadequate Generally levels grossly inadequate needs roles genebanks expected play implementing Global Strategy In addition it should noted even cases few collections provide access materials beyond national boundaries current status fundinginadequate routine operations maintenance including buildings facilities equipment genebanks research collection collecting germplasm number trained staffinadequate genebanks level trained staffinadequate collections situationmost critical regarding funding collecting inadequate research collections e g characterization evaluation inadequate Generally levels grossly inadequate needs roles genebanks expected play implementing Global Strategy In addition it should noted even cases few growers installing traps simultaneously Italso advised preferably install traps along periphery plantation few institutes few institutes few pods some cases no informationrecorded distribution surveys show locally collected accessions distributed locally majority cases distributed outside country few pods some cases no informationrecorded distribution surveys show locally collected accessions distributed locally majority cases distributed outside country few progeny will few seeds produced percoconut clone few seeds produced percoconut clone few simple characteristics allow classification agricultural risks few somatic embryos initiated few somatic embryos initiated few somatic embryos initiated few tendernuts Some these climbers
lose their business conflict
result success can generate tensions new social risk exposure innovation resulting emergence commercial success one single farmer can introduce social disparity inequalities risk too fast commodification innovative farmers can seen severe undesirable traditional authorities Therefore social control
constrain innovative farmers generate economic social risks few varieties few varieties few varieties few yellowing leaflets Yellowing will fewer options both risk management types References Brossier J Risque et incertitude dans la gestion de lexploitation agricole quelques principes méthodologiques Eldin et Milliville Eds Le risque en agriculture pp Edition de lORSTOM col travers champs Cordier J Erhel coconut water Pindard coconut water Courleux F La gestion des risques en agriculture de la théorie à la mise en œuvre éléments de réflexion pour laction publique Notes et Etudes Economiques pp Ministère de lAgriculture de lAlimentation de la Pêche de la Ruralité et de lAménagement du Territoire David G Espaces tropicaux et risques du local au global IRD Editions Hess U Skees J R Stoppa coconut water Barnett B J & Nash J Managing agricultural production field classical ex situ field collection continue introduced
vitro Thisa slow process protocolnot yet fully optimized cost bringing accessions
vitroincluded recurring well one off cost per accession costs biochemical/nutritional analyses calculated field collection continue introduced
vitro Thisa slow process protocolnot yet fully optimized cost bringing accessions
vitroincluded recurring well one off cost per accession costs biochemical/nutritional analyses calculated field collection
vitrocosted annualized cost Annual costs US$ Number accessions Annual recurring cost per accession Total annual recurring cost maintaining existing accessions Annual cost acquiring additional accessions non compounded Total annual capital costs Total Annual cost One time one off other costs following table field collection
vitrocosted annualized cost Annual costs US$ Number accessions Annual recurring cost per accession Total annual recurring cost maintaining existing accessions Annual cost acquiring additional accessions non compounded Total annual capital costs Total Annual cost One time one off other costs following table field Conservation form field collections field conservation methods processes used still process field conservation methods processes used still process field Experts economists call change agronomic commercial practices order enter large promising market linked modern globalized industry But local regional markets also exist relying specific demand needs generate specific risks field gene bank conserving field genebank collections field genebank collections field genebanks early collections were based clear objectives identifying useful i e resistant types field genebanks early collections were based clear objectives identifying useful i e resistant types field genebanks tissue field genebanks tissue field
vitro refresh ageing culturesincluded Distribution costs include costs multiplying vitro materials Information costs include cost bar coding accessions Evaluation was costed butnot included here Acquisitions accepted vitro materials field
vitro refresh ageing culturesincluded Distribution costs include costs multiplying vitro materials Information costs include cost bar coding accessions Evaluation was costed butnot included here Acquisitions accepted vitro materials field
vitro refresh ageing culturesincluded Health testingfor testing cleaning backlog around accessions vitro might otherwise Distribution costs include costs multiplying vitro materials Accessions
introduced seed field
vitro refresh ageing culturesincluded Health testingfor testing cleaning backlog around accessions vitro might otherwise Distribution costs include costs multiplying vitro materials Accessions
introduced seed field laboratory field laboratory field Occurrence severity Early damage caused miteprogressively visible triangular white patch arising field replaced new one Production field then make information more widely available coconut water prototype version CANGIS field then make information more widely available coconut water prototype version CANGIS field Therea plan start cryopreserving characterizing collection using SSRs but thisnot costed IITA Yam Operations No samples Total cost Total average cost Capital cost Periodi city Annua lized costs One off Acquisition One off Characterization One off Biochemical analysis One off Safety duplication Long term storage Medium term storage Field bank Germination testing Regeneration Seed processing Seed health testing Distribution Information management General management Total IITA Yam footnotes There no actual costs characterization cost activity was taken field Therea plan start cryopreserving characterizing collection using SSRs but thisnot costed IITA Yam Operations No samples Total cost Total average cost Capital cost Periodi city Annua lized costs One off Acquisition One off Characterization One off Biochemical analysis One off Safety duplication Long term storage Medium term storage Field bank Germination testing Regeneration Seed processing Seed health testing Distribution Information management General management Total IITA Yam footnotes There no actual costs characterization cost activity was taken field trials these parents hybrids three hybrids field trials these parents hybrids three hybrids fifteen countries territories Pacific region joined dedicated meeting held fifty years ago Unilever invested heavily plantations research finally they lost everything because political instability Even if industrycurrently fig fire night centre their villages Many beetles were attracted fire light burned Biosecurity awareness material should include advice Pacific countries Figure Process development Global Networked Collection CNCC Figure Components CNCC information portal C Turnbull Reading University Figure Process development Global Strategic Cacao Collection GSCC Figure Components GSCC information portal C Turnbull Reading University Figure Species richness genus Theobroma Figure Geographical distribution ex situ Figure Species richness genus Theobroma Figure Geographical distribution cacao ex situ figures Forastero whichalso grown large scale Indonesia Brazil characterized mid dark purple beans figures table figures table figures v table Fiji Fiji Fiji Fiji Fiji Fiji Fiji Fiji Fiji Fiji Fiji Fiji Fiji Fiji filling MS Word version questionnaire sending it dedicated email address cidp prag @gmail com We first composed emails finally succeed achieving appropriate density palms financial means limited often Pacific countries Small island economies subjected price volatility financial reserves can assist farmers case cyclone But mitigation adaptation can also rely internal mechanisms strategies valuable less financing access credit farmers issues related fair trade organics etc notation risk level gravity find themselves unduly influenced constrained use planting material that findings fine slice bud finely ground dried defatted kernel flour finer grind almost fat removed Frozen fresh grated coconuta developing product tender water liquid endosperm present young green months old matures solid endosperm thickens while amount of liquid endosperm reduces age months when coconutcracked open sweet liquid can collected consumed directly itsterile contains sugars vitamins Mature water was fire flooding hurricanes require maintenance ensure weeds pest fire flooding hurricanes require maintenance ensure weeds pest firewood prevent damage kiln pipes firmly attached fruit enabling mites access interspace between fruit lower perianth lobes colonization whereas larger fruits gapmostly impenetrable Further it was observed infestation some palms first dare try innovation Mitigation marginalization process needs progressivity precaution prior effort understand socio economic dynamics targeted society Actions undertake Socially marginalized people first meeting were used manual first target their own members Other interested farmers outside groups will first three years Support ex situ first three years Support ex situ firstly under investment seed gardens secondly inappropriate breeding firstly under investment seed gardens secondly inappropriate breeding fit scientific knowledge there good reasons think farmers classificationuseful five categories risk farm business ranked according origin hazards Climate plant health risk affects agricultural yield product quality Market risk related price fluctuations finished products those inputs Institutional risk generated policy five distinct stages which happen five questions available English French Spanish languages In your opinion what main risks five varieties could found compared nine varieties recorded forty years ago experts we estimate quarter half varieties lost every years five years activities without problem he FJI IND IND JAM JAM MYS CIB JAM Fiji FJI IND TCC FJI Fiji FJI Kenya KEN France FRA India IND Indonesia IDN Jamaica JAM Malaysia MYS Mexico MEX Papua New Guinea PNG Philippines PHI Samoa WSM Sri Lanka LKA Tanzania TZA Thailand THA Viet Nam VNM annex flavour aroma taste easily altered soon flavour quality In Brazil large breeding programme Upper Amazon x Trinitario Upper Amazon x Amelonado crosses was implemented between s s Following arrival witches' broom WB disease Bahia farmersparticipatory approach was implemented select resistance on farm simultaneously on station selection within germplasm collection breeding populations flood these probabilities three month flooding damage Communities should also ensure logs flooding In case tsunami when located low coral motu without way escape elders used apply following technique choose robust palm climb cut off leaves removing two thirds their length cut some bunches but keep some food water sit most comfortable way possible attach yourself Flooding king tides landslides flooding king tides salt intrusion coastal erosion sea spray increased landslides Flooding other hazards
reduce growth yields some extreme situations palms floods hurricanes fires In vitro collections tissue culture agar floods hurricanes fires urban floral explants cacao Theobroma cacao L using thidiazuron vitro Cell & Dev Biol Plant Lockwood G End M History technique future needs cacao collection In Proc Int Workshop Conservation Utilization Cocoa floral explants Theobroma L using thidiazuron vitro Cell & Dev Biol Plant Lockwood G End M History technique future needs collection In Proc Int Workshop Conservation Utilization flowering mature coconuts used producing oil desiccated coconuts milk/cream Plate Diagram value chain showing production flowering used produce water around months flowers can further processed
sugar jam syrup vinegar wine other alcoholic beverage requires knowledge how tap sap more advanced processing Currently fluctuate unpredictably within year between years It can improved slightly using best selection criteria but even case each generation palms fluctuating market coconuts products fluctuation crop price importance good decision making grows Todays modern farmers using focus single buyer instance Solomon Islands export destination copramostly Philippines if country decides focused agricultural research technology transfer programmes increase yields income farmers Africa Asia certification programmes promote acceptable conditions farmers its supply chain Marss guiding principleto put 'Farmers First ' prioritizing activities through which farmers will focused collecting germplasm focused collecting germplasm focused collecting germplasm focused collecting germplasm focused few dominant products relative decline peanut oil especially oil which ranked first world vegetable fats until s Since s vegetable oilssector follow Install remove bag collecting pollen male parent check status inflorescence pollinated install bag female parent make emasculation make successives pollinations remove bag followed felling diseased contact palms followed proposed Section These activities will followed proposed Section These activities will following cyclone V Kumar personal communication following eight strategic components also illustrated Figure here following eight strategic components also illustrated Figure here following factors Lack commitment local national international level conservation use following fall copra price many plantations Papua New Guinea were converted oil palm land was sold large companies price copra collapsed Madang province PNG three plantations were following institutes collect following materials Ecuador more possible Nacional ancestors CATIE Criollo materials Mesoamerica Ghana Upper Amazon Amelonado materials following institutes collect following materials Ecuador more possible Nacional cacao ancestors CATIE Criollo materials Mesoamerica Ghana Upper Amazon Amelonado materials following organizations Benin Centre de recherches agricoles Sud Bénin CRA SB Brazil Comissão Executiva following organizations Benin Centre de recherches agricoles Sud Bénin CRA SB Brazil Comissão Executiva food agricultural development light increased impact changing climates goals can food agricultural development light increased impact changing climates goals can food crops self consumption should favoured Outside Pacific region African study comparing farm families living same geographical area Rwanda food safety should provided those foodborne diseases Because foodtransported through plant local cultivar 'Vanuatu Tall' VTT for processing accessions for processing accessions for profit international organization improves peoples lives providing Forastero Cacao Forastero parental clones Forastero parental clones forbidden plant Tall type varieties These kind palms forced use planting material low forged successful alliances Ghana Cocoa forgotten small coconuts form backbone CNCC complemented priority accessions form backbone GSCC complemented priority accessions formal informal rules defining relationships between members management structure FO forms external coordination cover formally placed their cacao collection under auspices Governformally placed their collection under auspices Governformat addition since system records donor each accession it would help identify trace restrict impact mislabelling events reason each accessions verification status would also indicated main areas capacity building associated local information management system If collection chooses use GRIN Global training support will format addition since system records donor each accession it would help identify trace restrict impact mislabelling events reason each accessions verification status would also indicated main areas capacity building associated local information management system If collection chooses use GRIN Global training support will former pest formerly CRU/UWI Colin Campbell consultant formerly CRU/UWI Colin Campbell consultant forms recording requested information first Forte Brazil Brazil BRA BRA Brazilian Tall Sao J Mipibu Brazil Brazil BRA BRA Brazillian Green Dwarf Brazil Brazil BRA BRA Brazillian Green Dwarf Sousa Brazil Brazil BRA BRA Brazillian Tall Luis Correa Brazil Brazil BRA BRA Brazillian Tall Mamucabinha Brazil Brazil BRA BRA Brazillian Tall Mipibu Brazil Brazil BRA BRA Brazillian Tall Praia Forte Brazil Brazil BRA BRA Brazillian Tall Santa Rita Brazil Brazil BRA BRA British Solomon Island Tall Solomon Islands IND IND IND IND IND Buikara Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Bukidnon Tall Alfonso Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Bukidnon Tall Damulog Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Bukidnon Tall Gutapol Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Bukidnon Tall Tambo Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Bulan Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Cagayan Tall Bannag Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Cagayan Tall Leron Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Cagayan Tall Sanchez Mira Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Cagayan Tall Saud Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Calangute Tall India IND IND IND IND IND Cambodia Tall Cambodia JAM JAM CIB JAM Cambodia Tall Battambang Cambodia CIV CIV SMD CIV Cambodia Tall Kampot Cambodia CIV CIV SMD CIV Cambodia Tall Koh Rong Cambodia CIV CIV SMD CIV Cambodia Tall Kompong Trach Cambodia CIV CIV CIV SMD CIV Cambodia Tall Kopal Tani Cambodia CIV CIV SMD CIV Cambodia Tall Ktis Battambang Cambodia Cambodia SMD CIV Cambodia Tall Ream Cambodia CIV CIV SMD CIV Cambodia Tall Sre Cham Cambodia CIV CIV SMD CIV Cambodia Tall Tuk Sap Cambodia CIV CIV TZA NCDP TZA Cambodian Green Dwarf Cambodia CIV CIV SMD CIV Cameroon Kribi Tall Cameroon CIV CIV CIV SMD CIV Cameroon Red Dwarf Cameroon BEN BRA BRA CIV CIV CIV CIV GHA IDN IND IND IND LKA LKA LKA MYS MYS PHL PHL PHL THA THA TZA TZA VUT VUT CHRC THA Carnicobar Tall India IND IND IND IND Catbalogan Tall Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Catigan Green Dwarf Philippines CIV CIV GHA LKA MYS MYS PHL PHL PHL TZA VNM VUT VUT DGEC VNM Chinashkhania Dwarf Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Chinashukhania Tall Bangladesh BGD IND BARI BGD Chowghat Green Dwarf India IND IND JAM JAM CIB JAM Chowghat Green Dwarf Pattukottai India India IND IND Chowghat Orange Dwarf India IND IND JAM CIB JAM Chowghat Orange Dwarf Pattukottai India India IND IND Christmas Island Tall Kiribati MYS SLB DOAS MYS Cochin China Tall Viet Nam IND IND IND IND IND Coco Bleu Tall Seychelles Seychelles IND IND Coco Le Haut Tall Seychelles Seychelles IND IND Coco Le Rein Tall Seychelles Seychelles IND IND Coco Raisin Tall Seychelles IND IND IND IND Comoro Moheli Tall Comoros CIV CIV IND IND IND Comoros Tall Brown Comoros Comoros IND IND Comoros Tall Green Comoros Comoros IND IND Comoros Tall Madagascar Comoros Comoros IND IND Comoros Tall Red Comoros Comoros IND IND Cotabato Tall Barangiran Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Cotabato Tall Esperanza Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Cotabato Tall Ionas Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Cotabato Tall Surallah Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Cuban Orange Dwarf Cuba JAM JAM CIB JAM Culaman Tall Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Dalican Tall Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Dau Tall Binh An Viet Nam Viet Nam DGEC VNM Dau Tall Cha Va Viet Nam Viet Nam DGEC VNM Dau Tall Giong Trom Viet Nam Viet Nam DGEC VNM Dau Tall Phu My Viet Nam Viet Nam DGEC VNM Dupays Tall Mauritius Mauritius IND IND East African Tall Bagamoyo Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Boma Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Boza Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Chambezi Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Faza Kenya Kenya NCDP TZA East African Tall Gujarat Tanzania Tanzania IND IND East African Tall Jambiani Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Kenya Kenya IND IND IND IND IND East African Tall Kiembesamaki Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Kifumangao Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Kimanga Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Kinowe Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Kiombamvua Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Lamu Kenya Kenya NCDP TZA East African Tall LBS Tanzania TZA TZA NCDP TZA East African Tall Mafia Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Mazizini Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Mchukwi Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Mikindani Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Msambweni Kenya Kenya NCDP TZA East African Tall Msanga Mkuu Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Msuka Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Mtoni Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Mwambani Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Ng'apa Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Pehepehe Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Singino Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Songomnara Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Songosongo Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Tumaini Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Vuo Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Yellow Tanzania Tanzania NCDP TZA East African Tall Zanzibar Tanzania IND IND IND IND IND East Kalimantan Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN East Kalimantan Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN East Sepik Tall Hawain Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG East Sepik Tall Marineberg Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG East Sepik Tall Vokio Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG East Sepik Tall Yangoru Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Eo Brown Dwarf Viet Nam Viet Nam DGEC VNM Equatorial Guinea Green Dwarf Equatorial Guinea BEN CIV CIV CIV CIV GHA PHL PHL PHL TZA TZA VNM DGEC VNM Fiami Red Dwarf Solomon Islands Solomon Islands YSI SLB Fiji found effective found other collections breeding programme now includes field trials foundation FAO Second Report State Worlds PGRFA reminded community main challenges safeguarding increasing use PGRFA priorities addressed priorities directly addressed Global Strategy conservation use cacao foundation Most nations regions involved improvement production foundation Most nations regions involved improvement production foundation Most nations regions involved improvement production foundation org annex foundation org WIEWS http //apps fao org/wiews/wiews jsp International Coconut Foundation USA WIEWS World Information Early Warning System annex Foundation WCF andcoordinated Bioversity Foundation WCF Bioversity Foundation WCF Constraints affecting current global system key constraints addressed Global Strategy summarised hereunder Funding conservation sustainable Foundation WCF number cocoa Foundation WCF WCF supports cacao farmers their families worldwide WCF members comprise large part cocoa four effects order priority four greater distances between groups allowing more intercropping roots trees four products mature water sugar virgin oil Occurrence severity four selection cycles local VTT Actions undertake Launch program determine full extent CFD disease Vanuatu CTiVd Guam including neighbouring islands discussed earlier Many aspects remain unknown four years incorporating changes four years incorporating changes Fourteen steps build risk assessment value chain Steps Dates Tender preparation January Online survey risk incentives transmitted email Facebook LinkedIn June Defining template analysis each identified risk Each individual risk assessmentauthored acknowledge contribution external experts July Brainstorming Jean Michel Sourisseau August Interactions stakeholders during APCC Cocotech COGENT fourteenth century Conquest sixteenth century Aztec culture revered cacao It was greatly appreciated Mayan Aztec peoples preparation rich drink played important role their culture commerce first outsider drink chocolatesaid framework expertise production framework expertise production France's agricultural research centre CIRAD France's agricultural research centre CIRAD freely available use germplasm enhancement breeding programmes resulting improved planting material becoming available farmers International and/or regional quarantine required Future collecting expeditions will freely available use germplasm enhancement breeding programmes resulting improved planting material becoming available farmers International and/or regional quarantine required Future collecting expeditions will French agricultural area plan was divided
areas structuring studies research development training adaptation regulations collective catering encouraging conversion sustainability organic farms Some European peasant organizations were reluctant put forward arguments favour organic production French Guiana Bolivia French hosts often invite guests restaurant serving foreign food instead local For economic reasons event serious damage cash crops governFrench Polynesia Hawaii Kiribati Republic Marshall Islands Nauru New Zealand Niue Palau Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Timor Leste Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu out Pacific region Belgium China Côte dIvoire France Germany Indonesia Sri Lanka Preface This manual result long important work compilation editing initiated under aegis Pacific Community SPC international development organizationowned governFrench Polynesia need included treegrown tropics geographical localization Coconutplanted French Polynesia Samoa Solomon Islands [Film] R J P Labouisse K Mapusua J Ollivier & V Kumar Eds Recommended seedbed nursery management techniques planting material Pacific Region https //replantcoconut blogspot com Foale M coconut water germplasm south Pacific islands No Canberra Australia Australian Centre International Agricultural Research Johnson I Meena B & Rajamanickam K Biological management leaf blight disease using rhizosphere microbes Journal Plantation Crops India Johnson I Ramjegathesh R Sheela J Shoba N & Maheshwarappa H P Development microbial consortia management leaf blight disease coconut Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica Lima B L D C Lacerda C F D Ferreira Neto M Ferreira J F D S Bezerra coconut water M & Marques E C Physiological ionic changes dwarf seedlings irrigated saline water Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental Pest French Polynesia Samoa Solomon Islands [Film] R J P Labouisse K Mapusua J Ollivier & V Kumar Eds Recommended seedbed nursery management techniques planting material Pacific Region https //replantcoconut blogspot com R Namory T [Film] Cultivation Aromatic Green Dwarf Thailand Diversiflora Expertise R Johnson V Saena Tuia S V Kapé J & Planes S Traditional Conservation areas Varieties Associated Knowledge Polynesian Islands South Pacific Ocean S Larrue Biodiversity Societies Pacific Islands pp University frequent but more severe cyclones Ideally farmers should frequently most producing Pacific countries instance s extreme weather cost Pacific region more than billion USD Asian Development Bank Neverthe less freshwater supply problems among world's most critical Freshwater resources often classified either conventional freshwater systems Itstill from Asia/Pacific from Asia/Pacific from controlled pollination USD These factors considerably limit choice between crossing plans also from exchanges other countries from growing atolls soils French Polynesia itbranded geographical origin but from how much will from Latin America from Latin America from their neighbours plantation High adoption rates selected varieties from their neighbours plantation High adoption rates selected varieties from three other palm species Two them Lytocaryum weddellianum H Wendl cited Cocos weddelliana H Wendl Syagrus romanzoffiana Cham palms fronds fruit collecting water clean container stage which harvested water differs fruit set leaf physiological parameters pattern root growth can also used select tolerant varieties Therea significant potential market cold tolerant varieties able survive countries temperate climate first cold hardiness studies Hainan Island China indicated existence fruit yield Regarding diseases situation Pacific region seems
than most other tropical regions mainly because low extent phytoplasma diseases when compared African continent Americas instance major problema new biotype strain CRB G Rhinoceros Beetle CRB Oryctes rhinoceros L whichnot susceptible Oryctes rhinoceros NudiVirus isolate thatused classical biological control agent new biotype fruits Farmers fruits Malayan Red Dwarf MRD frustrate their decisions Combined highly volatile cultural dynamics Pacific Society influences whole dynamics adoption innovation Occurrence severity Introducing changes agricultural practices most often means introducing changes interpersonal relationships global social organization community social cultural dimension
risky farmers implementing innovation but
also indirectly change farmers exposure other diverse risks FSAA = Federated States Micronesia KI R = Kiribati PAL = Palau PNG = Papua New Guinea RMI = Marshall Islands SAM = Samoa SOL = Solomon Islands TIM =Timor Leste TON = Tonga TUV = Tuvalu VAN = Vanuatu Source Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment Financing Initiative PCRAFI Catastrophe Risk Assessment full answer question fully achieved together In preparation establishment CacaoNet survey was conducted amongst broader cacao community gather information perceived priorities ideas modus operandi CacaoNet Information conservation use fully achieved together In request Consultative Group International Agricultural Research CGIAR International fully assume its contents report should also indicate each nursery each crop if seednuts organic fully assume responsibility its contents Nurseries should preferably certified both quality organics References Berdegué J coconut water & Escobar G Agricultural knowledge information systems poverty reduction World Bank Discussion Paper Jensen L P Picozzi K De Almeida O D C M Da Costa M D J Spyckerelle L & Erskine W Social relationships impact adoption agricultural technologies case food crop varieties Timor Leste Food Security Dietary habits Pacific region fully developed following drying roasting Most cocoa fully developed following drying roasting Most coconutbagged directly fully participate decisions votes implemented during meeting Decisions will fully represent diversity present collection activities included Figure above point Early warning systems should developed national inter national level fully represent diversity present collection activities included Figure above point Early warning systems should developed national inter national level fully represent diversity present It will fully represent diversity present It will fully represent known range diversity ithighly likely yet more fully represent known range diversity ithighly likely yet more fully understood yet it would safest include these restrictions Research
BCSidentifying other host plants these hosts found they will functioning more than years recurring problem these stabilization mechanisms corruption they often entail Ittherefore crucial governfunctioning totally routinely require additional support order optimize collection Thisparticularly case vitro collections addition most collections deal backlogs regeneration health testing cryopreservation etc costs one time activities fund expert visit farm set Internal Control System ICS If ICSnot working properly expert will funded Cocoa funded institute governfunded research institute Private institute Other please specify Please indicate what responsibility institute funded sustainable funding ensure these resources conserved funding ensure these resources conserved funding However thanks strong commitment efforts CATIE CRU/UWI ensure global access these resources designating their collections under ITPGRFA Article these valuable funding However thanks strong commitment efforts CATIE CRU/UWI ensure global access these resources designating their collections under ITPGRFA Article these valuable funding ICG T CATIE representing estimated CNCC though thisonly assured short term basis budget coordination consultation development CNCCincluded Section Strengthening networking partnerships global collaboration budget allocated meetings COGENT funding ICG T CATIE representing estimated CNCC though thisonly assured short term basis Annual collecting missions rescue threatened materials See details Section Network field evaluation trials CNCC materials details Section NOTE Some ongoing evaluation activities already supported national international genebanks Support genebanks linking CNCC information portal maintenance further development information network COGENT funding ICG T CATIE representing estimated GSCC though thisonly assured short term basis budget coordination consultation development GSCCincluded Section Strengthening networking partnerships global collaboration budget allocated meetings CacaoNet Working Groups stakeholders consultations USD/year Support national partnersalso included Section funding ICG T CATIE representing estimated GSCC though thisonly assured short term basis Annual collecting missions rescue threatened materials See details Section Network field evaluation trials GSCC materials details Section NOTE Some ongoing evaluation activities already supported national international genebanks Support genebanks linking GSCC information portal maintenance further development information network CacaoNet including ICGD CANGIS details Section NOTE estimated these costs currently funding Increased amount cacao germplasm public funding Increased amount germplasm public funding Many countries funding mechanism dedicated conservation use funding mechanism dedicated conservation use cacao funding mechanism most critical activities Global Strategy CacaoNet together partners Global Strategy will funding mechanism most critical activities Global Strategy COGENT funding There currently fundingcurrently fundingcurrently funds funds fungi when accidentally introduced
country
trigger epidemics cause economic fungus without sunken further information can also obtained further information can also obtained further projects
help contain further steps taken conserve materials situ further steps taken conserve materials situ further transformed manufacture parquetry handicrafts Furthermore Furthermore future plans collect germplasm GERMPLASM MANAGEMENT Please indicate number accessions conserved following forms Number accessions Field collection Greenhouse futures added value systems approaches times change uncertainty th European IFSA Symposium Vienna Austria July pp Gafsi M & Favreau J L Diversité des logiques de fonctionnement et durabilité des exploitations en agriculture biologique Économie rurale Agricultures alimentations territoires Jouzi Z Azadi H Taheri F Zarafshani K Gebrehiwot K Van Passel S & Lebailly P Organic farming G Lockwood pers com Clones via side grafting budwood gardens University GenDB contain information related clonal material gendb website However Cocoa GenDBa database comprises molecular GenDBlikely replaced web services next year gene bank will gene banks agricultural research centres crucial conserving testing planting material used creating new varieties they Field Cryo gene banks around world including some international status gene banks can presently afford it Each participating institutes will gene banks new concept delocalized community based collections developed Cook Islands
help gene banks preserve their traditional varieties recognition national sover gene banks were collected genebank genebank Another generation will genebank never provided genebank Therebelieved small number more accessions should still sent Bioversity genebank Therebelieved small number more accessions should still sent Bioversity genebank through characterization evaluationbeing managed disseminated form thatmeaningful end user collections carry out field maintenance labelling routinely occasionally although half collections reported inadequate financial resources support routine operations maintenance particularly inadequate number trained staff cases Almost collections reported existence multiplication facilities on site cases provided partner institute Some collections however did genebank through characterization evaluationbeing managed disseminated form thatmeaningful end user collections carry out field maintenance labelling routinely occasionally although half collections reported inadequate financial resources support routine operations maintenance particularly inadequate number trained staff cases Almost collections reported existence multiplication facilities on site cases provided partner institute Some collections however did Genebank Trinidad Euphytica Iwaro AD Bharath S Bekele FL Butler DR Eskes AB Germplasm enhancement resistance black pod disease In Global Approaches Cocoa Genebank Trinidad ICG T established consolidating diverse earlier collections cacao Genebank Trinidad ICG T Inter national Cacao Collection CATIE IC respectively These institutes concluded agreements International Treaty Plant Genebank Trinidad Tobago ICI International Cocoa genebanks genebanks genebanks COGENT genebanks cultivars conserved accessions generally planted close together same fields recommended sample size accessions ranges genebanks kind mix Rangiroa tall Rotuma Tall Dur genebanks make their information more widely available either their own website genebanks make their information more widely available either their own website genebanks network Thanks short project funded Global Crop Diversity Trust partial update genebanks particularly international genebanks does genebanks particularly international genebanks does genebanks registered CGRD Database Codes Countries Institutions Codes Countries Institutions BARI Bangladesh Bari CICY Mexico CICY Yucatan SP Bénin CRC Sémé Podji PAKI Pakistan Agric Research Council BRA Brazil EMBRAPA SRS Papua New Guinea Stewart Res Centre CHIN China Wenchang Res Inst PHL Philippines Authority SMD Cote d'Ivoire CNRA WS Samoa Ministry Agriculture TCC Fiji genebanks regularly distribute germplasm local users once genebanks regularly distribute germplasm local users once genebanks reported pest genebanks reported pest genebanks reported pest genebanks reported pest genebanks years Polymotu Even if some palms general assembly farmers' association in Samoa plants distributed were rare traditional Niu Kafa variety action general natural enemies general phyto sanitation must part solution iteasier manage short palms generally generally before they start produce but generally make generally make generally producing inflorescences per year each them giving generally used plant its products many English speaking countries will generate list Priority Accessions Priority Accessions public generate list Priority Accessions Priority Accessions public generate planting materials which can improve productivity today those future which might require generate planting materials which can improve productivity today those future which might require generated cause spontaneous combustion Literature records show highest temperature recorded hold shiponly °C Mitigation adaptation Rather than exporting basic agricultural products therean interest transforming these products locally increase their values reduce volume cost transport There many traditional recipes made generation generation generation great amounts information fully utilize exploit generation great amounts information fully utilize exploit generative Its main advantages cover generously supported preparation important
pleasure write brief preface publication Global Strategy culmination major international effort involving many experts many revisions intense discussions over generously supported preparation important
pleasure write brief preface publication Global Strategy culmination major international effort involving many experts many revisions intense discussions over genetic genetic genetic allelic richness reducing bias might introduced selecting phenotypic characters Itacknowledged some unique diversity
only held national collections currently genetic allelic richness reducing bias might introduced selecting phenotypic characters Itacknowledged some unique diversity
genetic analysis Theobroma Sterculiaceae based Kunitz like trypsin inhibitor sequences Plant Systematics Evolution Sonwa DJ Nkongmeneck BA Weise SF Tchatat M Janssens MJJ Chocolate Forest Peri Urban Landscape Tree diversity agroforests around Yaoundé southern Cameroon Sustainable genetic analysis Theobroma Sterculiaceae based Kunitz like trypsin inhibitor sequences Plant Systematics Evolution Sonwa DJ Nkongmeneck BA Weise SF Tchatat M Janssens MJJ Chocolate Forest Peri Urban Landscape Tree diversity cocoa genetic background crop genetic background witchesbroom disease resistances obtain more durable resistance Breeding quality traits Some traditional cacao populations well known their fine flavour profiles genetic base available few breeding programmes breeders lack funding research breeding programmes As mentioned key factor whether germplasm becomes utilized rather than simply conserved availability useful information example data genetic base available few breeding programmes breeders lack funding research breeding programmes As mentioned key factor whether germplasm becomes utilized rather than simply conserved availability useful information example data genetic base available lack breeding programmes genetic base available lack breeding programmes genetic base breed improved varieties Decreasing genetic base breed improved varieties Decreasing cacao genetic base breeding Use genetic base cacao breeding Use genetic base Compared other crops there genetic base Compared other crops there genetic base farmersfields immediate diversifying inclusion improved planting materials genetic base G Lockwood pers com Therefore workneeded
understanding best breeding approach which will genetic base G Lockwood pers com Therefore workneeded
understanding best breeding approach which will genetic base planting material More nurseries promote hybrids promote local varieties use molecular approach improve breeding techniques Governgenetic base these collections key step use primary accessions germplasm enhancement genetic base these collections key step use primary accessions germplasm enhancement genetic base West African Amelonadothough efforts introduce wider range genetic burden past many our ancestors died hunger Most those genetic cacao material throughout world University genetic components developed countries genetic components developed countries genetic components developed countries genetic components developed countries genetic control husked nut weight Cocos nucifera COCOS Labouisse J P Sileye T Morin J P Hamelin C Baudouin L R & Rouzière coconut water Cocos nucifera L genetic diversity genetic diversity genetic diversity genetic diversity genetic diversity genetic diversity genetic diversity genetic diversity genetic diversity amongst selected types determined through DNA fingerprints part CNCC will genetic diversity amongst selected types determined through DNA fingerprints part GSCC will genetic diversity an essential element development new improved varieties achieve more sustainable genetic diversity analysis improvements efficiency which germplasm can conserved distributed following research vitro genetic diversity analysis improvements efficiency which germplasm can conserved distributed following research vitro genetic diversity Analyze social economic market cultural factors influence farmersmaintenance diversity farm level assess their implications designing situ on farm conservation strategies Long term actions beyond three years Develop situ on farm conservation strategies including analysis social economic market cultural factors influencing on farm management incentives genetic diversity Analyze social economic market cultural factors influence farmersmaintenance cacao diversity farm level assess their implications designing situ on farm conservation strategies Long term actions beyond three years Develop situ on farm conservation strategies including analysis social economic market cultural factors influencing on farm management incentives genetic diversity assessment sub samples cacao Theobroma cacao L collections West Africa using simple sequence repeats marker Tree genetic diversity assessment sub samples Theobroma L collections West Africa using simple sequence repeats marker Tree genetic diversity assessment tools focus collections CRU/UWI CATIE Developing process resolving mislabelling problems international national collections Agreeing sharing responsibilities conserving distributing CNCC materials between collections public genetic diversity assessment tools focus collections CRU/UWI CATIE Developing process resolving mislabelling problems international national collections Agreeing sharing responsibilities conserving distributing GSCC materials between cacao collections public genetic diversity Cacao genetic diversity cacao cacao genepool Cacao taxonomy Domestication cacao Cacao genetic diversity cacao cacao genepool Cacao Theobroma cacao L coconut water neo tropical tree species family Malvaceae previously Sterculiaceae Reference Integrated Taxonomic Information System ITIS TSN andnative Tropical America primary gene pool cacaoin Amazon basin ranging genetic diversity cacao germplasm higher precision than ever before Therean urgent agree composition international SNP set genetic diversity cacao its utilization CAB International Wallingford UK Today West Africa accounts some total production genetic diversity cacao its utilization CABI Publ Wallingford UK Bartley BGD Bartley BGD genetic diversity cacao its wild relatives represent source genes useful cocoa genetic diversity case palm three major causes genetic diversity CNCC and/or genotype genetic diversity Coconut genetic diversity combination measures agronomic value will genetic diversity combination measures agronomic value will genetic diversity conservation breeding modified title Ex situ genetic diversity conservation breeding modified title For many crop plants germplasm can stored form dried seeds low temperature i e genetic diversity conservation methods Ex situ genetic diversity conservation methods For many crop plants germplasm can stored form dried seeds low temperature i e genetic diversity conserved ex situ genetic diversity conserved ex situ genetic diversity Constraints linked biology plant new Major threats genetic diversity currently genetic diversity currently genetic diversity currently genetic diversity currently genetic diversity currently genetic diversity currently genetic diversity currently genetic diversity currently genetic diversity currently genetic diversity currently genetic diversity currently genetic diversity currently genetic diversity Developing promoting use best practices would ensure sustainability management collections capacity building will genetic diversity Developing promoting use best practices would ensure sustainability management cacao collections capacity building will genetic diversity dissemination related information community Global Strategy vision goal objectives outputs Laliberté Thomas Arançon Vision goal vision Global Strategy Conservation Use genetic diversity distribution diversity genetic diversity distribution diversity cacao genetic diversity During period agricultural landscapes practices were profoundly brutally modified Many islanders were forced work plantations ovens drying copra many islands population was decimated diseases imported Europeans genetic diversity each accession contains least one favourable agronomic trait mainly disease resistance which makes it worth introducing
national collections reinforced genetic diversity each accession contains least one favourable agronomic trait mainly disease resistance which makes it worth introducing
national collections reinforced genetic diversity economic challenges restricted access resources well habitat destruction deforestation Rehabilitation old cacao farms genetic diversity especially genetic diversity especially centre diversity cacao Upper Amazon One major cause genetic diversity ex situ genetic diversity ex situ genetic diversity farmersfields selection criteria genetic diversity food security political ethical technical challenges Science society Nature reviews genetic diversity food security political ethical technical challenges Science society Nature reviews genetic diversity form allelic richness uniqueness each genotype combination measures agronomic value will genetic diversity form allelic richness uniqueness each genotype combination measures agronomic value will genetic diversity G× E× S interaction model Diversity Efficient diversified planting material genetic diversity G× E× S interaction model Diversity Walkenhorst T Crop diversity genetic diversity gap filling ex situ genetic diversity gap filling ex situ genetic diversity gap filling ex situ genetic diversity gap filling ex situ genetic diversity gap filling ex situ genetic diversity gap filling ex situ genetic diversity gap filling ex situ genetic diversity gap filling ex situ genetic diversity gap filling ex situ genetic diversity gap filling ex situ genetic diversity gap filling ex situ genetic diversity gap filling ex situ genetic diversity germplasm higher precision than ever before Therean urgent agree composition international SNP set genetic diversity given species genepool gathers stakeholders having mutual interest rationally conserving exchanging germplasm extreme application concept each accession could conserved distinct site intermediate strategies thus conceivable previous global conservation strategy developed International genetic diversity global level Secure conservation existing ex situ genetic diversity global level Secure conservation existing ex situ genetic diversity GSCC and/or genotype genetic diversity host country either cultivation genetic diversity identify critical gaps existing ex situ genetic diversity identify critical gaps existing ex situ genetic diversity if genetic diversity if genetic diversity importance conserving it Farmers should encouraged provide their most diverse traditional varieties National ex situ genetic diversity in situ on farm conserved collections coconut water serious problem its many causes urgently addressed destruction Amazonian rainforests changing patterns land use spread pest genetic diversity in situ on farm conserved collections coconut water serious problem its many causes urgently addressed destruction Amazonian rainforests changing patterns land use spread pest genetic diversity its natural habitat genetic diversity its natural habitat genetic diversity its utilization CABI Publ Wallingford UK Bartley BGD Bartley BGD genetic diversity lack resources commitment communication research climate change Replacing traditional landraces advanced cultivars genetic diversity local gene pool indigenous cropping systems In risk description n° Lack good diversified varieties we provided example syncretism leading mixing dilution traditional modern varieties We also show sections n° n° how seednuts can harvested wrongly hybrids either consciously genetic diversity local germplasm collections and/or farmersfields aimto continuously improve performance bi parental crosses genetic diversity local germplasm collections and/or farmersfields aimto continuously improve performance bi parental crosses genetic diversity local regional introduced cacao Widening genetic diversity local regional introduced coconut Widening genetic diversity maintaining ex situ genetic diversity maintaining ex situ genetic diversity Major threats cacao genetic diversity managers genetic diversity modified title genepool Bee guun Question what palm species most related palm Does somebody tried cross palm another palm species Does approach shoukd undertaken If yes why wich species choose Two distinct different dwarfism syndromes exist within species Dwarfs thin stems reduced boles like Malayan genetic diversity modified title genepool Domestication coconut Collecting germplasm Giving international names germplasm new genetic diversity most part resides within region nature wild trees genetic diversity nature its users main drawback ex situ genetic diversity nature its users main drawback ex situ genetic diversity needed develop improved materials diversitymaintained genetic diversity needed develop improved materials diversitymaintained genetic diversity organization diffusion related information cacao community Global Strategy vision goal objectives outputs Vision goal vision Global Strategy Conservation Use Cacao genetic diversity palm Hawaii French Polynesia some stakeholders currently genetic diversity people farmers genetic diversity policies restrict opportunities newly collected materials put
public genetic diversity policies restrict opportunities newly collected materials put
public genetic diversity population while resources available determine maximum Assuming material will genetic diversity present CRU/UWI Breeding black pod resistancecurrently genetic diversity present given natural population can represented collected sample although vitro collections cryopreservation alternative methods which presently studied minimum number of palms genetic diversity present given natural population can represented collected sample Most cacao genetic diversity Proper statistical tools e g spatial analysis adjustments common effects should used germplasm genetic diversity Proper statistical tools e g spatial analysis adjustments common effects should used germplasm genetic diversity recommended clonesnarrow latter trait thus therea explore potential accessions available germplasm collections Malaysia Papua New Guinea In few countries Brazil Costa Rica Côte dIvoire Ghana Papua New Guinea recurrent selection programmes were initiated s s These programmes cannot implemented without availability large genetic diversity recommended clonesnarrow latter trait thus therea explore potential accessions available germplasm collections Malaysia Papua New Guinea In few countries Brazil Costa Rica Côte dIvoire Ghana Papua New Guinea recurrent selection programmes were initiated s s These programmes cannot implemented without availability large genetic diversity Relative ex situ genetic diversity Relative ex situ genetic diversity remains captured its conservation ex situ genetic diversity remains captured its conservation ex situ genetic diversity richness uniqueness measures agronomic value used identify priority accessions described Section process developing CNCCrepresented Figure CNCC materials should prioritized distribution Collection managers breeders using material would participate comprehensive characterization evaluation further researching CNCC collection related information will genetic diversity richness uniqueness measures agronomic value used identify priority accessions described Section process developing GSCCrepresented Figure GSCC materials should prioritized distribution Collection managers breeders using material would participate comprehensive characterization evaluation further researching GSCC collection related information will genetic diversity situ on farm collecting priorities Collecting fill gaps ex situ genetic diversity situ on farm collecting priorities Collecting fill gaps ex situ genetic diversity Strengthening distribution mechanism safe movement germplasm Strengthening use genetic diversity Strengthening distribution mechanism safe movement germplasm Strengthening use genetic diversity Strengthening distribution mechanism safe movement of germplasm Strengthening use cacao genetic diversity Strengthening distribution mechanism safe movement of germplasm Strengthening use cacao genetic diversity Strengthening distribution mechanism safe movement germplasm Strengthening use cacao genetic diversity Strengthening safe movement germplasm Strengthening use genetic diversity structure farm genebank accessions cacao Theobroma cacao L Cameroon revealed microsatellite markers Tree genetic diversity structure farm genebank accessions Theobroma L Cameroon revealed microsatellite markers Tree genetic diversity studies farm accessions compared diversity present collections using SSR markers results show relatively low levels selected varieties farmersfields with exception Ghana although genes present collections were well presented farmersfields Thisexplained mainly common practice genetic diversity studies farm accessions compared diversity present collections using SSR markers results show relatively low levels selected varieties farmersfields with exception Ghana although genes present collections were well presented farmersfields Thisexplained mainly common practice genetic diversity sustainable genetic diversity sustainable genetic diversity sustainable genetic diversity sustainable genetic diversity sustainable genetic diversity sustainable genetic diversity sustainable genetic diversity sustainable genetic diversity trends twentieth century crop cultivars meta analysis Theoretical Applied genetic diversity trends twentieth century crop cultivars meta analysis Theoretical Applied genetic diversity what roles CacaoNet its partners discussion paper Rome Italy Engels JMM End MJ Turnbull CJ Daymond AJ Cryer N Ruas M Rouard M Global Strategy Conservation Utilization Cacao genetic diversity what roles COGENT genetic diversity will genetic diversity will genetic diversity will genetic diversity will genetic diversity within geographically isolated populations In s s International Board Plant genetic diversity within their jurisdiction also genetic diversity within their jurisdiction also genetic diversity worldwide As communication was identified main limiting factor Global strategy will genetic diversity worldwide Objectives objectives Global Strategy to Provide platform coordination implementation priority cacao genetic diversity would help fulfil research genetic diversity/genomics activities Beltsville Agricultural Research Center Sub Tropical Horticulture Research Station Miami Tropical Agricultural Station Puerto Rico www ars usda gov University genetic diversityan essential element development new improved varieties achieve more sustainable genetic diversitycurrently genetic diversitycurrently genetic diversitycurrently genetic diversitycurrently genetic diversityoptimized Based increased characterization evaluation genetic diversityoptimized Based increased characterization evaluation cacao genetic diversityoptimized effectiveness global efforts conserve use genetic diversityoptimized effectiveness global efforts conserve use cacao genetic diversityoptimized Output effectiveness global efforts conserve use genetic diversityoptimized Output effectiveness global efforts conserve use cacao genetic drift selection genetic enrichment introducing strategic germplasm first effort towards its genetic erosion also referred early warning systemsshould developed national international level genetic erosion also referred early warning systemsshould developed national international level genetic erosion Assessing genetic erosion Assessing cacao genetic erosion Details available table genetic erosion Details available table genetic erosion duplicating collection fields genetic erosion duplicating collection fields genetic erosion dur genetic erosion dur genetic erosion model blames globalization Green Revolution most loss agro biodiversity less genetic erosion on farm genetic erosion on farm genetic erosion people search fuel wood genetic erosion phytoplasma diseases social dynamics linked extension regression copra market climate change Polymotu concept poly=many motu=island to use geographical isolation dedicated sites conservation reproduction genetic erosion rainforest catastrophic impact cacao diseases early th century led expeditions collect disease resistant germplasm genetic erosion rainforest catastrophic impact diseases early th century led expeditions collect disease resistant germplasm genetic erosion region genetic erosion severely constraining ability safely transfer germplasm Germplasm Identification characterization evaluation modified title Misidentification trees genetic erosion severely constraining ability safely transfer germplasm Identification characterization Misidentification trees genetic erosion situ on farm diversity centres diversity cacao Activities will genetic erosion situ on farm diversity centres diversity coconut Activities will genetic erosion South Pacific Island Mungiki Bellona /Solomon Islands Doctoral dissertation Masters thesis University genetic erosion un less genetic erosion un less genetic experiments genetic experiments genetic experiments occupying genetic experiments test new varieties usually last years genetic fidelity cryopreservation cocoa genetic fidelity cryopreservation Theobroma L Agricultural Food Science FAO Second Report State Worlds Plant genetic fidelity was maintained post thaw secondary somatic embryo SE regenerants Fang et al added benefit approachthat it can act barrier transmission Cacao Swollen Shoot Virus CSSV genetic fingerprinting purposes Following identification each tree should uniquely identified within collection using permanent labels stock scion unions also genetic fingerprinting purposes Following identification each tree should uniquely identified within collection using permanent labels stock scion unions also genetic fingerprinting same way common set SSR markers genetic fingerprinting same way common set SSR markers genetic fingerprinting tissue culture Researchunderway improve accelerate quarantine process using new technologies Since many cacao clones genetic genomic phenotypic genetic genomic phenotypic genetic geographic diversity held within ex situ genetic geographic diversity held within ex situ genetic geographic origin genetic group thatunder represented their national germplasm collections aiming broadening genetic group thatunder represented their national germplasm collections aiming broadening genetic groups Trinitario Refractario Upper Amazon types were crossed amongst each other seedlings produced were screened again same trait first cycle seedling selections genetic identity would genetic identity would genetic improvement genetic improvement availability cocoa genetic Improvement Cacao Melhoramento Genético genetic Improvement Cocoa genetic Improvement Cocoa genetic Improvement Cocoa genetic Improvement Cocoa genetic Improvement Coconut INIA Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas Venezuela INIAP Instituto Nacional de Investigaçâo Agrária e des Pescas Ecuador IPGRI International Plant genetic improvement Continued cropping without sufficient inputs nutrients organic matter leads localised but extensive soil degradation renders many soils non responsive state lack immediate response increased inputs fertiliser labour genetic Improvement INGENIC International Institute Tropical Agriculture IITA International Treaty Plant genetic Improvement Melhoramento Genético genetic improvement over genetic improvement purposes addition INGENIC West African Breeders Working Group genetic improvement purposes addition INGENIC West African Cocoa genetic improvement seed production genetic improvement Vanuatu over genetic information along range other tropical crops available online through TropGENE hosted CIRAD database manages genomic genetic information available cacao germplasm More informationavailable cocoa genetic information available germplasm More informationavailable coconutgendb website However CoconutGenDBlikely replaced web services next year genetic information cacao along range other tropical crops available online through TropGENE hosted CIRAD database manages genomic genetic information contained TropGENE phenotypic genetic information contained TropGENE phenotypic genetic inheritance these two dwarfism syndromes remains unknown Domestication coconut Harries Baudouin Bee Gunn Although some varieties seem quite advanced cultivars can also seen genetic integrity sample Disease insect inspection control also vital enabling samples distributed internationally Costs vary considerably Centre crop viruses perhaps most common troublesome culprits noted above vegetatively propagated crops generally bear more viruses than seed crops quarantine restrictions generally more severe cost virus indexing therapy both genetic integrity sample Disease insect inspection control also vital enabling samples distributed internationally Costs vary considerably Centre crop viruses perhaps most common troublesome culprits noted above vegetatively propagated crops generally bear more viruses than seed crops quarantine restrictions generally more severe cost virus indexing therapy both genetic mapping differential gene expression Brazilian alternative resistance sources witches' broom causal agent Crinipellis perniciosa In Proceedings th International Research Conference organized ProducersAlliance October San Jose Costa Rica Gepts P Plant genetic mapping differential gene expression Brazilian alternative resistance sources witches' broom causal agent Crinipellis perniciosa In Proceedings th International Cocoa genetic markers candidate genes commercially important traits together rapid progress being genetic markers candidate genes commercially important traits together rapid progress being genetic materials www iita org International Treaty Plant genetic notes Accession Number times used parent Trees genetic notes table genetic phenotypic information genetic phenotypic information genetic phenotypic information consultation web interface genetic phenotypic information consultation web interface genetic physical conditions international cacao collection CATIE Proceedings th International Cocoa genetic physical conditions international collection CATIE Proceedings th International Research Conference San José Costa Rica Vol I Posnette AF Fifty years research Trinidad Tobago Research Unit University genetic population differentiation Amazonian chocolate tree Theobroma L PLoS ONE e doi /journal/pone Pence VC Cryopreservation immature embryos Theobroma coconut Plant Cell Reports Pound FJ note population South America In Report Proceedings Research Conference Colonial Office
June Colonial Office His Majestys Stationery Office London UK pp Sackville Hamilton NR Engels JMM van Hintum Th JL Koo B Smale M Accession management Combining genetic population differentiation Amazonian chocolate tree Theobroma cacao L PLoS ONE e doi /journal/pone Pence VC Cryopreservation immature embryos Theobroma cacao Plant Cell Reports Pound FJ note cacao population South America In Report Proceedings Cacao Research Conference Colonial Office
June Colonial Office His Majestys Stationery Office London UK pp Sackville Hamilton NR Engels JMM van Hintum Th JL Koo B Smale M Accession management Combining genetic profiles available their germplasm keep records which their accessions genetic profiles available their germplasm keep records which their accessions genetic profiles their collections Many genebanks genetic profiles their collections Many genebanks genetic rationalization objectives renovations were curtail further losses accession caused soil born fungus re organizing collection standardizing number plants per accession rejuvenate old trees genetic reason why Vanuatu talltolerant both LYD CFD Therefore research CFDimportant genetic relationship amongst accessionstherefore high priority task Evaluation germplasm economically important traits has genetic relationship between accessions high priority reduce both levels misidentification within collections redundancy thereby contributing effectiveness germplasm evaluation use cost DNA fingerprinting decreasing time verification accessions individual tree level genetic relationship between accessions high priority reduce both levels misidentification within collections redundancy thereby contributing effectiveness germplasm evaluation use cost DNA fingerprinting decreasing time verification accessions individual tree level genetic replanting policy coordination pest genetic resistance centre diversity cacao During s s wild germplasm was collected genetic Resource Center well established Germplasm Health Unit well equipped Bioscience Center which could handle regional requirement providing genetic resource collections cacao breeding programmes commit germplasm breeding lines capacity information in kind resources institutional support fostering global capacity conserve genetic Resource Evaluation Selection Tool GREST developed help breeders prioritize their germplasm requests choose material genetic Resource Evaluation Selection Tool GREST developed help breeders prioritize their germplasm requests choose material genetic resource PGR information management system database interface s will genetic resource PGR information management system database interface s will genetic resource specialists crop researchers Global Strategy will genetic resource specialists crop researchers other stakeholders Global Strategy will genetic Resources genetic resources genetic resources genetic resources genetic resources genetic resources genetic resources genetic resources genetic resources genetic resources genetic resources genetic Resources genetic resources genetic resources genetic resources genetic resources genetic resources genetic resources genetic resources genetic resources genetic resources genetic resources genetic resources genetic resources genetic resources AAAA Hegde Pilet HHHH threats genetic resources access particularly poorly known gene pools Strengthen on farm conservation landraces situ conservation wild species especially genetic resources achieve common goals However informal network created these projects was limited scope time Limited support was provided conservation characterization genetic resources achieve common goals However informal network created projects was limited scope time No support was provided conservation characterization cacao genetic resources actual continued facilitated access broad range diversity bona fide users This essential element production genetic resources actual continued facilitated access broad range cacao diversity bona fide users This essential element production genetic resources addition USDA/ARS provides support number other projects related cacao GR including work CATIE CRU/UWI ICQC R its own genetic resources Advances informatics communication technologies genetic resources Advances informatics communication technologies genetic resources Although CGRDnow fully available COGENT genetic resources Although many strategic components least partially funded present time various public genetic resources Although some strategic components partially funded present time public genetic resources As mentioned earlier cocoa genetic resources As mentioned earlier coconuta crucial crop million farmers mostly genetic resources Based priorities protocols identifying accessions ensuring safety duplication unique material facilitating rationalization existing collections setting priorities collecting additional material developing common standards best practices allocating resources maintaining collections Extent genepool secured publically available collections Most threatened germplasmconserved accessible national collections Increased proportion unique material ex situ genetic resources Based priorities protocols identifying accessions ensuring safety duplication unique material facilitating rationalization existing collections setting priorities collecting additional material developing common standards best practices allocating resources maintaining collections Extent cacao genepool secured publically available collections Most threatened cacao germplasmconserved accessible national collections Increased proportion unique material ex situ genetic resources breed new improved varieties subsequent distribution these varieties farmersalready recognised key component sustainable genetic resources breeders should include digitisation dissemination important historical genetic resources breeders should include digitisation dissemination important historical genetic resources breeding genetic resources breeding genetic resources breeding experts objective documentto provide framework efficient effective conservation globally important cacao genetic resources breeding other experts genetic resources breeding programmes within West Central Africa ACBWG genetic resources but cost effectiveness these efforts could greatly enhanced through clearer policies improved coordination CacaoNets over genetic resources CacaoNet considers it genetic Resources CacaoNet putting together global strategy conservation use cacao genetic Resources CacaoNet result consultation process drew upon global cocoa genetic Resources CacaoNetuniquely placed mobilize cacao genetic resources can accessed utilization conservation research breeding training benefits arising out their use shared fair equitable way Global Strategy Conservation Use genetic resources can accessed utilization conservation research breeding training benefits arising out their use shared fair equitable way Global Strategy Conservation Use Cacao genetic resources can therefore genetic resources can therefore only carried out through international collaboration Most planting materi allow yielding often dur genetic Resources CANGIS CacaoNet Germplasm Information System Caobisco Association Chocolate Biscuits Confectionery Industries Europe CATIE Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza Costa Rica CBD Convention Biological Diversity CCD Conservation Development Centre Ecuador CCI Cocoa genetic Resources CANGIS COGENT genetic resources CGIAR Developing genebank standards procedures Establish implement global crop conservation strategies Attend meetings workshops organized through global crop strategies Attend genetic resources CGIAR Developing genebank standards procedures Establish implement global crop conservation strategies Attend meetings workshops organized through global crop strategies Attend genetic Resources CGIAR SMTA Standard Material Transfer Agreement SNP Single Nucleotide Polymorphism SNP SSR Microsatellites genetic Resources CGIAR SMTA Standard Material Transfer Agreement SNP Single Nucleotide Polymorphism SNP SSR Microsatellites genetic resources CGRFA FAO Commission genetic resources CGRFA FAO Commission genetic resources Chapter Introduction Global Strategy R & coconut water Prades Eds Global Strategy Conservation Use genetic Resources Characterization Utilization van Treuren R van Hintum TJL de Wiel C Marker assisted optimization expert based strategy acquisition modern lettuce varieties improve genebank collection genetic Resources Characterization Utilization van Treuren R van Hintum TJL de Wiel C Marker assisted optimization expert based strategy acquisition modern lettuce varieties improve genebank collection genetic resources COGENT genetic Resources COGENT genetic Resources Collections Pacific Island Countries Territories Secretariat Pacific Community SPC ** s re established Most national ex situ genetic Resources Collections Pacific Island Countries Territories Secretariat Pacific Community SPC Available genetic Resources Collections Pacific Island Countries Territories Secretariat Pacific Community SPC ** s re established Most national ex situ genetic Resources Collections Pacific Island Countries Territories Secretariat Pacific Community SPC Available genetic resources combined lack interest genetic resources community come together propose components global collaborative strategy At present coordination conservation evaluation genetic resources community come together propose components global collaborative strategy strengthening conservation maximizing use these genetic resources community future direction Global Strategy genetic resources community future direction Global Strategy genetic resources comprise range genetic resources comprise range genetic resources conservation use Based results consultation process CGIAR decided include its research portfolio genetic Resources Conservation Use CacaoNet was officially launched COPAL th International Cocoa genetic resources conservation utilization coconut water global survey Introduction Global Network Cacao genetic resources conservation utilization accomplishments future societal insurance policy Crop Science Henderson JS Joyce RA Hall GR Hurst WJ McGoverngenetic resources conservation utilization accomplishments future societal insurance policy Crop Science Henderson JS Joyce RA Hall GR Hurst WJ McGoverngenetic resources Consolidate facilitate access information knowledge genetic resources Consolidate facilitate access information knowledge cacao genetic resources contribute research area ex situ genetic resources contribute research area ex situ genetic resources contribute welfare large number smallholders cultivating through higher sustainable genetic resources contribute welfare large number smallholders cultivating cocoa genetic Resources coordinated Bioversity genetic Resources Crop Evolution Penn State Finest chocolate
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tree genome sequenced ScienceDaily Dec Retrieved September genetic Resources Crop Evolution Penn State Finest chocolate
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Cacao tree genome sequenced ScienceDaily Dec Retrieved September genetic Resources Crop Evolution van Treuren R Engels JMM Hoekstra R van Hintum TJL Optimization composition crop collections ex situ genetic Resources Crop Evolution van Treuren R Engels JMM Hoekstra R van Hintum TJL Optimization composition crop collections ex situ genetic Resources Crop Evolution Wadsworth RM Ford CS Turnbull CJ Hadley P International Germplasm Database v Euronext life/University genetic Resources Crop Evolution Wadsworth RM Ford CS Turnbull CJ Hadley P International Cocoa genetic resources currently genetic resources currently genetic resources currently genetic resources currently genetic Resources Database April ranked names cultivars populations Dr R Cogent genetic Resources Database April ranked names cultivars populations International genetic resources database CGRD
public genetic Resources Database CGRD Once first version CGRD was released Brazil China Cook Islands India Indonesia Côte dIvoire Jamaica Mexico Papua New Guinea Philippines Sri Lanka Thailand Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Vietnam Western Samoa were visited CIRAD experts National researchers were trained gathering inputting genetic Resources Database table genetic resources effort including projects CATIE CRU/UWI WCF genetic resources enhancing genetic resources enhancing genetic resources essential element development new improved varieties achieve more sustainable genetic resources essential element development new improved varieties achieve more sustainable genetic resources establish endowment fund CacaoNet will genetic resources establish endowment fund COGENT genetic Resources Evaluation Selection Tool GRIN Germplasm Resources Information Network USA GSAC Global Strategic Active Collection GSBC Global Strategic Base Collection CNCC Global Networked Collection IBPGR International Board Plant genetic Resources Evaluation Selection Tool GRIN Germplasm Resources Information Network USA GSAC Global Strategic Active Collection GSBC Global Strategic Base Collection GSCC Global Strategic Cacao Collection IBPGR International Board Plant genetic resources even seed production genetic resources ex situ genetic resources ex situ genetic resources first priorityto develop sustainable genetic resources following Strengthen linkages between stakeholders involved conservation genetic Resources Food Agriculture Available genetic Resources Food Agriculture Available genetic Resources Food Agriculture Chap Contribution plant genetic Resources Food Agriculture Chap Contribution plant genetic Resources Food Agriculture CHRC Chumphon Horticultural Research Centre Thailand CIAT International Center Tropical Agriculture CGIAR CIP International Potato Center CGIAR CIRAD Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement France CNRA Centre national de recherche agronomique Côte d'Ivoire COPAL Coconut Producers Alliance Nigeria CPB Coconut pod borer CPCRI Central Plantation Crops Research Institute India CPQP Coconut Productivity Quality Programme Facility CRAF Centre de recherche agronomique pour la zone forestière Togo CRA Ltd Coconut Research Association Ltd UK CRA SB Centre de recherche agricole Sub Benin CRIG Coconut Research Institute Ghana CRIN Coconut Research Institute Nigeria CRU/UWI Coconut Research Unit University genetic Resources Food Agriculture CHRC Chumphon Horticultural Research Centre Thailand CIAT International Center Tropical Agriculture CGIAR CIP International Potato Center CGIAR CIRAD Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement France CNRA Centre national de recherche agronomique Côte d'Ivoire COPAL Cocoa genetic Resources Food Agriculture emphasizes enormous contribution local and indigenous communities farmers genetic resources food agriculture fair equitable sharing benefits arise genetic resources food agriculture fair equitable sharing benefits arise genetic resources food agriculture Food Security Sustainable genetic resources food agriculture Food Security Sustainable genetic resources food agriculture includes coconut water protection relevant traditional knowledge b right equitably participate sharing benefits arising genetic Resources Food Agriculture ITPGRFA genetic Resources Food Agriculture ITPGRFA genetic Resources Food Agriculture ITPGRFA absence genetic Resources Food Agriculture ITPGRFA absence genetic Resources Food Agriculture ITPGRFA annex genetic Resources Food Agriculture ITPGRFA call more efficient effective global conservation use system should based
planning more coordination cooperation reduce costs build conservation management work crop diversity more scientifically sound financially sustainable genetic Resources Food Agriculture ITPGRFA call more efficient effective global conservation use system should based
planning more coordination cooperation reduce costs build conservation management work crop diversity more scientifically sound financially sustainable genetic Resources Food Agriculture ITPGRFA germplasm can theorically accessed genetic Resources Food Agriculture ITPGRFA ITPGRFA came
force June Its objectives conservation sustainable genetic Resources Food Agriculture ITPGRFA ITPGRFA came
force June Its objectives conservation sustainable genetic Resources Food Agriculture ITPGRFA Kraft Foods Mars Incorporated Nestlé United States Department Agriculture USDA University genetic Resources Food Agriculture ITPGRFA Kraft Foods Mars Incorporated Nestlé United States Department Agriculture USDA University genetic Resources Food Agriculture ITPGRFA maintain their respective collections global collections genetic Resources Food Agriculture ITPGRFA maintain their respective collections global collections cacao genetic Resources Food Agriculture LIFFE London International Financial Futures Options Exchange MAS Marker Assisted Selection MCB Malaysia Board Malaysia MHOCGA Mabaruma/Hosororo Organic Growers Association Guyana MLS Multi Lateral System exchange ITPGRFA MMSP Mabang Megakarya Selection Programme MTA Material Transfer Agreement NGO Non Governgenetic Resources Food Agriculture LIFFE London International Financial Futures Options Exchange MAS Marker Assisted Selection MCB Malaysia Cocoa genetic resources food agriculture owing both development new powerful technologies realize their potential knowledge they genetic resources food agriculture owing both development new powerful technologies realize their potential knowledge they genetic resources food agriculture PGRFA priority genetic resources food agriculture PGRFA priority genetic Resources Food Agriculture process genetic resources food agriculture SE Somatic embryogenesis SGRP System wide genetic resources food agriculture SE Somatic embryogenesis SGRP System wide genetic Resources Food Agriculture Thereno major over genetic Resources Food Agriculture Thereno major over genetic resources foundation sustainable genetic resources foundation sustainable genetic resources foundation sustainable genetic resources foundation sustainable genetic resources foundation sustainable genetic resources foundation sustainable genetic Resources Foundation Sustainable genetic resources foundation sustainable genetic resources foundation sustainable genetic resources foundation sustainable genetic resources foundation sustainable genetic resources foundation sustainable genetic resources Further many institutes genetic resources Further many institutes genetic resources future some countries like Brazil process genetic resources future some countries like Brazil process genetic resources Genebanks lack budget manpower equipment laboratories technical training conduct controlled pollinations requested regenerating germplasm huge constraints linked biology plant make conservation challenging expensive techniques presently available Although reorganisation CGIAR system genetic resources Global Cacao genetic resources global public genetic resources global public genetic resources global system main benefit taking part global system conservation use genetic resources global system main benefit taking part global system conservation use cacao genetic resources held ex situ genetic resources held ex situ genetic resources held public genetic resources held public genetic Resources here genetic Resources here genetic resources History cacao breeding Breeding pest genetic resources host countriesdesirable safeguard against resources genetic resources host countriesdesirable safeguard against resources genetic resources host countriesnot always easily achieved Strengthening use genetic resources host countriesnot always easily achieved Strengthening use cacao genetic resources However systematic evaluation ex situ genetic resources However systematic evaluation ex situ genetic resources I would like idea appear title instead anonymous flat Background title/ palmindeed plant civilization together emblematic aesthetic strange wrapped humans positive symbolisms warmth affective cultural references other hand dur genetic Resources IBPGR now Bioversity genetic Resources IBPGR now Bioversity genetic Resources IBPGR now Bioversity genetic resources improvement programmes strategy aims benefit many small farmers struggling vulnerability crop like devastating diseases threats affects it first version global strategy was released January COGENT genetic resources improvement programmes ultimately benefit many small farmers struggling vulnerability crop like cacao many devastating diseases affects iT cacaoNetcurrently genetic resources Improving documentation sharing information germplasm Strengthening networking partnerships global collaboration Summary budget requirements global strategy implementation Monitoring evaluation implementation annex genetic resources Improving documentation sharing information germplasm Strengthening networking partnerships global collaboration Summary budget requirements global strategy implementation Monitoring evaluation implementation annex genetic resources Improving documentation sharing information Strengthening networking partnerships global collaboration Our plans period modified title Strenghthening communication genetic resources Improving documentation sharing information Strengthening networking partnerships global collaboration Our plans next decade Securing existing ex situ genetic resources In COGENT genetic resources include diseases pest genetic resources include pest genetic resources includes following activities Targeted collecting actions Maintenance key field genebank collections Characterization identity studies Evaluation important traits Database management Safe exchange germplasm related information coconut water survey collect detailed information ex situ genetic resources includes following activities Targeted collecting actions Maintenance key field genebank collections Characterization identity studies Evaluation important traits Database management Safe exchange germplasm related information coconut water survey collect detailed information ex situ genetic resources includes following routine activities targeted collecting actions maintenance key field collections effective characterization identity studies evaluation important traits information management safe exchange germplasm germplasm enhancement in some cases Ex situ genetic resources includes following routine activities targeted collecting actions maintenance key field collections effective characterization identity studies evaluation important traits information management safe exchange germplasm germplasm enhancement in some cases Ex situ genetic resources individual countries improving awareness existing conservation research/breeding activities country sharing information regarding international and genetic resources individual countries improving awareness existing conservation research/breeding activities country sharing information regarding international and genetic resources information management coconut water robust information management systema key element conservation use genetic resources information management coconut water robust information management systema key element conservation use genetic resources information management Local genebank management systems Managing international databases modified title Utilization genetic resources information management Local genebank management systems Existing international cacao databases Utilization cacao genetic resources information these resources Build trust between partners providing genetic resources information these resources Build trust between partners providing genetic Resources Institute now Bioversity genetic Resources Institute now Bioversity genetic Resources Institute Rome Italy SPC Directory Plant genetic Resources Institute Rome Italy SPC Directory Plant genetic resources International genetic resources issues launch CacaoNet initiative subsequently CacaoNets steering committee working groups meet www copal cpa org Cocoa genetic resources It provides clear framework secure funding most urgent needs ensure diversityconserved used provides direct benefits millions small scale farmers around world Introduction Global Strategy Background title modified more dynamic Note genetic resources It provides clear framework secure funding most urgent needs ensure cacao diversityconserved used provides direct benefits millions small scale cacao farmers around world Introduction Global Cacao Strategy Background Although term cocoa genetic resources judged important within context agreed global conservation strategy collections genetic resources judged important within context agreed global conservation strategy collections genetic resources long term make germplasm freely available professionally qualified institution genetic resources long term make germplasm freely available professionally qualified institution genetic resources maintained living trees genetic resources maintained national collectionsunder used genetic resources maintained national collectionsunder used genetic resources making them available International frameworks genetic resources making them available International frameworks genetic resources managed safeguarded shared internationally utilized but also what extent information generated genetic resources managed safeguarded shared internationally utilized but also what extent information generated genetic Resources Management Genome CacaoNet Minutes Fifth CacaoNet Steering Committee Meeting Hyatt Hotel Port Spain Trinidad March Cheesman E Notes nomenclature classification possible relationships cocoa genetic Resources Management Genome COGENT genetic resources materials CATIE CRU/UWI collections will genetic resources materials CATIE CRU/UWI collections will genetic resources meetings CGIAR Proposal annex genetic resources meetings CGIAR Proposal annex genetic resources most basic level itrequired accessions including number plants their physical location When linked characterization evaluation genetic resources most basic level itrequired accessions including number plants their physical location When linked characterization evaluation genetic resources movement cacao germplasm brings it potential risk transferring pest genetic resources movement germplasm brings it potential risk transferring pest genetic Resources Network CacaoNet Bioversity genetic Resources Network CacaoNet consultation process its establishment Proposal Submitted IPGRI Begeleidingscommissie Subsidieregeling Duurzame Ontwikkeling Cacao en Chocoladesector December CGIAR Proposal CGIAR Fund Council submitted CGIAR Consortium Board Trustees Financial Support CGIAR Center Genebanks Available genetic Resources Network CacaoNet coordinated Global Strategy Global Strategy vision goal objectives outputs Vision goal Objectives Outputs Strategy development process genetic Resources Network CacaoNet creation global network was proposed optimize conservation use cacao genetic Resources Network CacaoNet creation network was proposed optimize conservation use cacao genetic Resources Network CacaoNet Global Crop Diversity Trust Governgenetic Resources Network Coconut Google Groupcreated Hugh Harries Protect value more highly aspects genetic Resources Network COGENT genetic Resources Network COGENT genetic Resources Network COGENT genetic Resources Network COGENT genetic Resources Network COGENT genetic Resources Network COGENT genetic Resources Network COGENT genetic Resources Network COGENT genetic Resources Network COGENT genetic Resources Network COGENT genetic Resources network COGENT genetic resources network endorsed CGIAR its donors Bioversity genetic Resources Network Global Crop Diversity Trust mainly based ex situ genetic Resources Network independant network constituted coconut producing member countries COGENT genetic Resources Network List populations registered genetic resources New opportunities funding collaboration will genetic resources New opportunities funding collaboration will genetic Resources now Bioversity genetic Resources now Bioversity genetic resources objectiveto maximise use cacao germplasm providing genetic resources objectiveto maximise use germplasm providing genetic resources One first internationally agreed priorities CacaoNet was development Global Strategy Conservation Use Cacao genetic resources Only few historical references Would like following included text but genetic resources order describe current situation best possible we updated information status cacao collections curator and/or scientist working cacao germplasm collection we kindly request you complete/update questionnaire It genetic Resources organization COGENT genetic resources Origin history dynamics cultivation modified title Note Roland I suggest insisting more Dynamics approacheshaving strong effects structuration genetic resources Output global system safe exchange cacao germplasmstrengthened Output use cacao genetic resources Output global system safe exchange cacao germplasmstrengthened Based agreed protocols technical legal resources support quarantine disease diagnostics supportive research area Increased number partners collaborating exchange cacao germplasm Safe movement guidelines continuously updated implemented increasing number partners Increased quarantine facilities promoting facilitating safe movement germplasm users Number accessions exchanged between partners accordance Guidelines Output use cacao genetic resources Output global system safe exchange germplasmstrengthened Output use genetic resources Output global system safe exchange germplasmstrengthened Based agreed protocols technical legal resources support quarantine disease diagnostics supportive research area Increased number partners collaborating exchange germplasm Safe movement guidelines continuously updated implemented increasing number partners Increased quarantine facilities promoting facilitating safe movement germplasm users Number accessions exchanged between partners accordance Guidelines Output use genetic Resources Paper presented th International Cocoa genetic Resources Paper presented th International Research Conference Bali Indonesia November Esquinas Alcázar J Protecting crop genetic resources particularly following Facilitated access materials genetic resources particularly following Facilitated access materials genetic resources particularly those held public genetic resources particularly those held public genetic resources per se collaborative evaluation selection activities came end upon completion projects Many crop plants already benefit genetic resources per se collaborative evaluation selection activities came end upon completion projects Many other crop plants already benefit genetic resources PGRFA Plant genetic resources PGRFA Plant genetic resources Planting material moved modified title Past contemporary breeding modified title Involvement farmers breeding seednut production genetic Resources pp Bioversity genetic Resources pp Montpellier France Bioversity genetic Resources pp Montpellier France Bioversity genetic Resources pp Montpellier France Bioversity genetic resources pp Serdang Malaysia IPGRI APO p http //www cogent genetic resources presently maintained living trees genetic Resources Programme CGIAR SINGER System wide Information Network genetic Resources Programme CGIAR SINGER System wide Information Network genetic resources programme Cocoa genetic resources programme fully responsible naming cultivars genetic resources programme Research Unit University genetic resources promote improving production genetic resources promote their circulation use Thiswhy strength Nestlés cocoa genetic resources Provide platform coordination implementation priority genetic resources providing genetic resources providing genetic resources providing genetic resources providing genetic resources providing genetic resources providing genetic resources public genetic resources public genetic Resources published COGENT genetic Resources R Scientific Editor Bioversity genetic resources relies largely ad hoc groups genetic resources relies largely COGENT genetic resources relies mainly two international collections held CATIE CRU/UWI genetic resources relies mainly two international collections held CATIE CRU/UWI genetic resources research Assess global genetic resources research breeding use improved varieties Assess global cacao genetic resources research plant breeding whilst providing genetic resources research plant breeding whilst providing genetic resources respect national legislations article encourages protection promotion FarmersRights regarding plant genetic resources Revisiting concept Global Networked collection Securing existing ex situ genetic resources Safe movement germplasm Distribution germplasm Partnerships networking Constraints affecting current global system Where we secure diversity increase use Facing emergency situations over genetic resources Safe movement germplasm Distribution germplasm Partnerships networking Constraints affecting current global system Recommendations Global Strategy genetic resources same way Global Crop Diversity Trust genetic resources same way Global Crop Diversity Trust genetic resources scientific communitycurrently genetic resources scientific communitycurrently genetic resources seed production genetic resources sharing information support pre breeding activities establishment focused working collections Capacity building needs collection managers identified regards promoting efficient links breeding programmes support provided Increased amount characterisation evaluation genetic resources sharing information support pre breeding activities establishment focused working collections Capacity building needs collection managers identified regards promoting efficient links breeding programmes support provided Increased amount characterisation evaluation genetic resources situ on farmnot well understood collections hence limited greater effortneeded understand diversity develop strategic plans take
consideration socio economic biological determinants influence decisions genetic resources situ on farmnot well understood collections hence limited greater effortneeded understand diversity develop strategic plans take
consideration socio economic biological determinants influence decisions genetic resources specific activities carried out detailed Sections below proposed workplans budgets Sections Itacknowledged building genetic resources specific activities carried out detailed Sections below proposed workplans budgets Sections Itacknowledged building genetic Resources st Century Port Spain Trinidad Tobago Cocoa genetic Resources st Century Port Spain Trinidad Tobago Research Unit University genetic resources Strengthen on farm Situ conservation landraces Strengthen use genetic Resources strengthening conservation maximizing use these genetic resources strengthening their use strategy document likely continue evolving genetic resources strengthening their use strategy documentlikely continue evolving genetic resources support breeding programmes worldwide Promote self funding genebank genetic resources support cacao breeding programmes worldwide genetic Resources System Phase GPG funded World Bank Excel toolavailable Crop Genebank Knowledge Base genetic Resources System Phase GPG funded World Bank Excel toolavailable Crop Genebank Knowledge Base genetic resources systems proliferating distributing new varieties high priority capacity building areacritically important Improving documentation sharing information coconut water simple yet robust information management system combines comprehensive accurate information origins conservation locations availability characteristics individual accessions will genetic resources systems proliferating distributing new varieties high priority capacity building areacritically important Improving documentation sharing information coconut water simple yet robust information management system combines comprehensive accurate information origins conservation locations availability characteristics individual accessions will genetic resources their distribution genetic resources their distribution genetic resources their distribution Developing Global Strategic Cacao Collection GSCC genetic resources their distribution Developing Global Strategic Cacao Collection GSCC genetic resources their distribution first priorityto develop sustainable genetic resources their distribution immediate priority Global Strategyto secure conservation accessibility users existing valuable genetic resources their distribution immediate priority Global Strategyto secure conservation accessibility users existing valuable genetic resources their distribution Its short term action will genetic Resources These include national international cacao research organizations other institutions which directly involved conserving cacao diversity and/or involved cacao breeding programmes together many other public genetic Resources These include national international research organizations other institutions which directly involved conserving diversity and/or involved breeding programmes together many other public genetic resources threats cacao genetic resources throughout world objective CNCCtherefore ensure cost effective efficient long term ex situ genetic resources throughout world objective GSCCtherefore ensure cost effective efficient long term ex situ genetic resources throughout world remaining collections considered national asset generally genetic resources throughout world remaining collections considered national asset generally genetic resources throughout world There numerous national collections established locations situated within centre diversity well other producing countries See Figure Asia/Pacific Americas Africa/Europe Fiji genetic resources throughout world There numerous national collections established locations situated within centre diversity cacao well other cacao producing countries See Figure Asia/Pacific Americas Africa/Europe Fiji genetic resources towards supporting development sustainable genetic resources towards supporting development sustainable genetic resources use accessions CNCC should start evaluation economically important traits main traits assessed yield determinants disease resistances yield components precocity tree size quality vigour Although increased yield potential main aim yield potential can genetic resources use accessions GSCC should start evaluation economically important traits main traits assessed yield determinants disease resistances yield components precocity tree size quality vigour Although increased yield potential main aim yield potential can genetic resources vulnerability erosion national international level genetic resources vulnerability erosion national international level genetic resources was identified most urgent strategic area increase productivity yield security COGENT genetic Resources We particularly thank many organizations institutions individuals genetic Resources We particularly thank many organizations institutions individuals genetic resources well below adequate levels consequence many collections conserved sub optimal standards their safeguardthreatened seriously impedes efficient use available germplasm lack sufficient expertise trained staff conservation collections use breedingrecognized Unnecessary duplication high frequency misidentified accessions collections genetic resources well below adequate levels consequence many collections conserved sub optimal standards their safeguardthreatened seriously impedes efficient use available germplasm lack sufficient expertise trained staff conservation collections use breedingrecognized Unnecessary duplication high frequency misidentified accessions collections genetic resources well improve their political understanding role conservation use genetic resources well improve their political understanding role conservation use cacao genetic resources will genetic resources worldwide genetic resources worldwide genetic resources worldwide benefit breeders researchers farmers COGENT genetic resources worldwide benefit breeders researchers farmers Global Network Cacao genetic resources worldwide benefit breeders researchers farmers CacaoNet was officially launched COPAL th International Cocoa genetic resources worldwide germplasm characterization evaluation quarantine precautions/ regulations molecular genetic resources worldwide germplasm characterization evaluation quarantine precautions/ regulations molecular genetic resources www icco org International Cocoa genetic resourcesassured Based effective coordination monitoring implementation Global Strategy including information management public genetic resourcesassured Based effective coordination monitoring implementation Global Strategy including information management public genetic resourcesassured To ensure these outputs implemented first urgent task will genetic resourcesassured To ensure these outputs implemented first urgent task will genetic resourcesassured To ensure these outputs implemented first urgent task will genetic resourcesassured To ensure these outputs implemented first urgent task will genetic resourcesbased safeguarding unique critical diversity making it available breeding programmes other research institutes via system safe movement germplasm system therefore relies network partners including well functioning efficiently managed international national ex situ genetic resourcesbased safeguarding unique critical diversity making it available breeding programmes other research institutes via system safe movement germplasm system therefore relies network partners including well functioning efficiently managed international national ex situ genetic resourcescould used interaction hundreds municipalities stakeholders genetic resourcescurrently genetic resourcescurrently genetic resourcescurrently genetic resourcescurrently genetic Resourcesto improve livelihoods million farmers developing countries across tropical Africa Asia Latin America genetic Resourcesto improve livelihoods million farmers developing countries across tropical Africa Asia Latin America genetic Resourcesto improve livelihoods million farmers developing countries across tropical Africa Asia Latin America genetic Resourcesto improve livelihoods ZZ million farmers developing countries across Asia Pacific region Latin America Africa genetic resourcestratified
distinct groups second optimum setselected genetic resourcestratified
distinct groups second optimum setselected genetic selection genetic selection genetic structure physical conditions collection genetic studies suggest material held ex situ genetic studies suggest material held ex situ genetic tolerance genetic tools somatic embryogenesis Strategic alliances partnerships collaboration research breeding DNA analysis interpretation/application Clarifying legal status collections including formal roles responsibilities national research institutes conserving developing germplasm collections Developing transparent ABS arrangements genetic tools somatic embryogenesis Strategic alliances partnerships collaboration research breeding DNA analysis interpretation/application Clarifying legal status cacao collections including formal roles responsibilities national cocoa genetic transformation
make it possible exploit these species longer term improvement coconut Some principles should set out collected germplasm will genetic transformation
make it possible exploit these species longer term improvement cacao Some principles should set out collected germplasm will genetic value genetic value genetic value and/or lack diversity large scale planting unique variety
result disappearance many traditional varieties increased risk major epidemics can destroy harvests genetic value Farmers
advised genetic value population genetic value seednuts those germinated naturally fields genetic values accessions making significant contribution breeding Although genetic values accessions making significant contribution breeding Although genetic variability Mori tried genetic variability provides raw material breeding new improved varieties They cover genetic variability provides raw material breeding new improved varieties They cover genetic variability selection criteria genetic variation available international germplasm collections healthy germplasm and/or use plant quarantine services including development local/national quarantine facilities reducing spread pest genetic variation available international germplasm collections healthy germplasm and/or use plant quarantine services including development local/national quarantine facilities reducing spread cacao pest genetic variation breeding In s high yield potential was demonstrated crosses between Upper Amazon Forastero Trinitario genetic variation remains discover genetic variation remains discover genetic variation within closely related group phytoplasmas Pacific region however does genetic vulnerability genetic vulnerability genetically distinct genetically distinct genetically diverse types systematically duplicated least one distant site either field collections genetically diverse types systematically duplicated least one distant site either field collections genetically identical trees genetically identical trees genetically improve sustainably use cacao genetically limited genetically limited Farmers however also asking seeds hybrid genetically modified organisms these main reasons therealso search foods
taste qualities reflections more ethical nature which go beyond boundaries organic farming genetically modified organisms trans fatty acids saturated fats provided some most prominent debates Many consumers became more demanding specific their food choices leading situations genetically similar clones using genetically similar clones using genetically similar genotypes should avoided reduce redundancy There
genetically similar genotypes should avoided reduce redundancy There
geneticists best exploit geneticists best exploit genetics genetics genetics genetics genetics genetics genetics genetics genetics genetics & Genomes Aime MC Phillips Mora W causal agents witches' broom frosty pod rot chocolate Theobroma coconut form new lineage Marasmiaceae Mycologia Argout X Salse J Aury JM Droc G Gouzy J et al genome Theobroma coconut Nature genetics & Genomes Aime MC Phillips Mora W causal agents witches' broom frosty pod rot cacao chocolate Theobroma cacao form new lineage Marasmiaceae Mycologia Argout X Salse J Aury JM Droc G Gouzy J et al genome Theobroma cacao Nature genetics & Genomes End MJ Engels JMM Zhang D Report meeting establishment composition Global Networked Collection held University genetics & Genomes End MJ Engels JMM Zhang D Report meeting establishment composition Global Strategic Cacao Collection held University genetics Abstract available genetics Abstract available genetics Bekele F End M Eskes AB editors Proceedings International Workshop Breeding Improved Production genetics Bekele F End M Eskes AB editors Proceedings International Workshop Cocoa genetics breeding pest genetics breeding topics newsletters internet discussion groups allow members share their results INGENIC membership includes over genetics Cacao Research Center CEPEC/CEPLAC Rod Ilhéus Itabuna Km Itabuna BA Brazil Tel Cell uilson@ceplac gov br Phillips Mora Wilbert Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza CATIE Turrialba Costa Rica Tel Off Cell wphillip@catie ac cr Last name First name Institute address Email Pokou Désiré Centre National de Recherche Agronomique CNRA BP Abidjan Côte d'Ivoire Tel + / Cell + / pokoudesire@yahoo fr Ruas Max Bioversity genetics FAO International Treaty Plant genetics FAO International Treaty Plant genetics Genomes annex genetics Genomes annex genetics Genomes Zhang DP Figueira coconut water Motilal LA Lachenaud P Meinhardt LW Wild Populations Related Species Theobroma In Kole C editor Wealth Crop Relatives Genomic Breeding Resources Plantation Ornamental Crops Doi / _ Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg pp Zhang D Mischke S Johnson ES Phillips Mora W Meinhardt L Molecular characterization international collection using microsatellite markers Tree genetics Genomes Zhang DP Figueira coconut water Motilal LA Lachenaud P Meinhardt LW Wild Populations Related Species Theobroma In Kole C editor Wealth Crop Relatives Genomic Breeding Resources Plantation Ornamental Crops Doi / _ Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg pp Zhang D Mischke S Johnson ES Phillips Mora W Meinhardt L Molecular characterization international cacao collection using microsatellite markers Tree genetics genomics proteomics eco geographical remote sensing techniques genetics genomics proteomics eco geographical remote sensing techniques genetics improvement cocoa genetics Iwaro AD Bekele FL Butler DR Evaluation utilization cacao Theobroma cacao L germplasm International Cocoa genetics Iwaro AD Bekele FL Butler DR Evaluation utilization Theobroma L germplasm International Genebank Trinidad Euphytica Iwaro AD Bharath S Bekele FL Butler DR Eskes AB Germplasm enhancement resistance black pod disease In Global Approaches germplasm utilization conservation Final report CFC/ICCO/IPGRI project "Coconut germplasm utilization conservation global approachCFC Technical Paper No CFC/ICCO/IPGRI pp Lanaud C Risterucci AM Pieretti I Falque M Bouet coconut water Lagoda PJ Isolation characterization microsatellites Theobroma L Molecular Ecology Lockwood G Gyamfi MMO CRIG germplasm collection notes codes used breeding programme Tafo elsewhere Research Institute Ghana Motamayor JC Risterucci AM Lopez PA Ortiz CF Moreno coconut water Lanaud C domestication I origin cultivated Mayas Heredity Motilal L Butler D Verification identities global germplasm collections genetics quality agronomy increase funding available cocoa genetics quite close members Nacionalpopulation F Amores pers com genetics tools cryopreservation somatic embryogenesis others Promote facilitate distribution enhanced populations users particularly resistance witchesbroom black pod frosty pod diseases genetics tools cryopreservation somatic embryogenesis others Promote facilitate distribution enhanced populations users particularly resistance witchesbroom black pod frosty pod diseases genetics Wood GAR Lass RA editors Cocoa genetics Wood GAR Lass RA editors Tropical Agricultural Series th edition Longman Scientific Technical John Wiles & Sons Inc London England New York USA Young AM chocolate tree natural history coconut Smithsonian Nature Books Washington DC USA Zhang DP Boccara M Motilal L Mischke S Johnson ES Butler DR Bailey B Meinhardt LW Molecular characterization earliest Theobroma L collection Genome Database making results available industry scientific community project partners helping accelerate future cocoa genome partnership includes IBM U S Department Agriculture USDA consortium unveiled initial results its programme
public geo referenced GPS positioned use GPS equipment during collecting missions should also encouraged Characterization evaluation geo referenced GPS positioned use GPS equipment during collecting missions should also encouraged Characterization evaluation Germany Visintainer Philippe coconutprotectors@Hawaiiantel net Hawaii Protectors LLC Hawaii Pilet Fabian fabian pilet@cirad fr CIRAD France Sileye Tiata mailto sileye tiata@gmail com Vanuatu Agricultural Research Centre Vanuatu Konan Jean Louis konankonanjeanlouis@gmail com CNRA Côte dIvoire Africa Côte dIvoire Davis Richard richard davis@agriculture gov au Department Agriculture Water Resources Australia Haikuo Fan vanheco@com Chinese Academy Tropical Agriculture Sciences CRICATAS China Johnson Vincent v johnson@cgiar org Bioversity germinate many varieties mainly cross pollinated germinated seedlings Millions gardens tropics iclude palms germination should culled Then germplasm collection germplasm collection germplasm collection notes codes used breeding programme Tafo elsewhere Cocoa Germplasm Collections INGENIC Newsletter Turnbull CJ Hadley P International Cocoa Germplasm Database & UK National Fruit Collection chool Biological Science Harborne Building PSL University Germplasm Database ICG T International Cocoa Germplasm Database ICGD described Section behalf cacao community which serves important source germplasm information www reading ac uk/biologicalsciences/ World Agroforestry Centre ICRAF In collaboration MARS national stakeholders World Agroforestry Centre ICRAF implements Vision Change project Cote dIvoire aimed revitalizing cocoa Germplasm Database ICGD Online Database CRA Ltd /NYSE Liffe/University Germplasm Database ICGD University Germplasm Database v Euronext life/University germplasm evaluation quarantine virus indexing distribution documentation Promoting/holding continued discussions Global Crop Diversity Trust privatesector germplasm evaluation quarantine virus indexing distribution documentation Promoting/holding continued discussions Global Crop Diversity Trust privatesector germplasm exchange among countries germplasm farmersfields research stations four producing countries West Africa germplasm generated germplasm managers users included CNCC information portal Increased exchange dissemination accessibility information valuable traits germplasm users Increased interest participation farmers breeders germplasm maintained ex situ germplasm groups germplasm groups germplasm groupsessential expand germplasm identification priority materials establishment CNCC identification unique materials would done through analysis duplicates based characterisation germplasm information order supply cocoa Germplasm Information System Caobisco Association Chocolate Biscuits Confectionery Industries Europe CATIE Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza Costa Rica CBD Convention Biological Diversity CCD Conservation Development Centre Ecuador CCI Coconut Institute Papua New Guinea CEPEC Centro de Pesquisas Germplasm Information System will germplasm introductions germplasm introductions germplasm noted specific qualities often flavour attributes which characteristic countrys production germplasm order develop new varieties resistant current emerging threats germplasm ordering system would take account guidelines safe movement germplasm link accessions MTA ordering system would also serve purpose tracking movement germplasm similar way global information system International Treaty does Technologies germplasm ordering system would take account guidelines safe movement cacao germplasm link accessions MTA ordering system would also serve purpose tracking movement germplasm similar way global information system International Treaty does Technologies germplasm use c right participate making decisions national level related matters Thus national laws restrict access plant Germplasm Utilization Conservation Final report CFC/ICCO/IPGRI project Cocoa germplasm utilization conservation Final report CFC/ICCO/IPGRI project "Cocoa Germplasm Utilization Conservation Global ApproachCFC Amsterdam Netherlands/ICCO London UK/IPGRI Rome Italy Fang J Y Wetten coconut water Hadley P Cryopreservation cocoa germplasm utilization conservation global approachCFC Technical Paper No CFC/ICCO/IPGRI pp Lanaud C Risterucci AM Pieretti I Falque M Bouet coconut water Lagoda PJ Isolation characterization microsatellites Theobroma cacao L Molecular Ecology Lockwood G Gyamfi MMO CRIG cocoa germplasm utilization conservation which involved fourteen institutes cocoa Germplasm Utilization Conservationfocuses validation distribution promising varieties farmers project partners through enhanced collaborative efforts Use improved cocoa germplasm was conserved get additional benefit Strategies addressing climate change adaptation Pacific should include both state based governget annual organic accreditation get fluctuation price affects production get over Ghana CRIG accessions UK ICQC R accessions Nicaragua UNAN accessions USDA accessions ICQC R Ghana CRIG accessions UK ICQC R accessions Nicaragua UNAN accessions USDA accessions ICQC R Ghana India Southeast Asia Caribbean over Ghana Journal Agricultural Science Yankey E N Bila J Rosete Y coconut water Oropeza C & Pilet F Phytoplasma Diseases Palms Ghana Malaysia G Lockwood pers com Brazil U Lopes pers com but type datalikely exist most countries Ghana Malaysia G Lockwood pers com Brazil U Lopes pers com but type datalikely exist most countries Ghana Nigeria Vanuatu Papua New Guinea but Ghana Project Management Journal Fink R Corruption agriculturalsector Ghana Project Management Journal Singh Peterson L & Iranacolaivalu M Barriers market subsistence farmers Fiji giant cyclone Palms give certainty give heterogeneous mixture less give new cultivar name each every population they collect farmers field help avoid unwanted multiplication cultivar names costly conservation same germplasm under different appellations international name cultivar give plants available field transfer Thus cost producing one seedling give progenies producing small number large fruits low yield Seednuts harvested sold farmers give rise controver give strong added value products within framework protected niche market Copra can locally transformed
oil some which can used fuel operation vehicles electro generators give time come back later improved biological control Study possibility taking soil samples given ensure valuable given ensure valuable given ensure valuable given ensure valuable given free while others given location/population diversity studies Therefore future collecting missions should given location/population diversity studies Therefore future collecting missions should given second priority An index efficiency replanting projects could created first step index could calculated dividing number palms given those included annex given those included annex gives list authors involved their contact details their institutions first risk description written was titled Cyclones tropical storms tsunamistext served reference example Each risk description followed same DOMAR template included following information risk category example Climate change hazardsrisk name example Cyclones tropical storms tsunamiscontributors R T Sileye U Remudu O Smus D Description O Occurrence severity M Mitigation adaptation coconut water Actions undertake R References forty risks gives list member countries table gives one time cost acquisition material gives one time cost acquisition material Gliricidia global collaboration sharing these key global collaboration sharing these key Global Crop Diversity Trust attended meeting future donor agencies will Global Crop Diversity Trust CIRAD Bioversity Global Crop Diversity Trust GovernGlobal Crop Diversity Trust International Treaty Plant Global Crop Diversity Trust leverage funding Global Crop Diversity Trust leverage funding cacao global economic social significance Frontiers plant science Nkansah Poku J Dery S K & Philippe R Reduction spread Cape St Paul wilt disease CSPWD insecticidal hot fogging removal diseased palms global footprint andprocessing cocoa GLOBAL GAP ensure food safety Many fresh coconuts exported over global level global level Despite mandates global level Does institute Global Network global organizations like SPC ICC GovernGlobal School Based Student Health Survey Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System BMC obesity Ohiokpehai O Promoting nutritional goodness traditional food products Pakistan Journal Nutrition Pak N McDonald coconut water M McKenzie J & Tukuitonga C Soft drink consumption Pacific Island countries territories review trade Global Strategy Conservation Use Global Strategy Conservation Use Global Strategy Conservation Use Cacao Global Strategy outputs related proposed indicators monitoring progress implementation CGIAR Proposal annex Global Strategy outputs related proposed indicators monitoring progress implementation OUTPUTS Indicators monitoring progress impact Output genepoolconserved situ ex situ Global Strategy outputs related proposed indicators monitoring progress implementation Figures Figure Map world showing principal routes movement cacao germplasm Figure Links between Global Strategy outputs related proposed indicators monitoring progress implementation OUTPUTS Indicators monitoring progress impact Output cacao genepoolconserved situ ex situ Global Strategy was developed under coordination CacaoNet expert input global system long term conservation use global system long term conservation use cacao go hand hand awareness replanting program which will go through entire cycle regeneration which case introduction costs here substantial over go through these stages advanced stage disease leaves turn yellow broken mid leaf section hanging through green fronds new green fronds emerging gone become pest gone together centuries References Cerepak P Coconuts Catalysts Conflict http //edgeeffects net/coconuts conflict Maichanou coconut water Comportement face au risque et risque de comportement analyse et implications au Niger Doctoral dissertation Université de Bordeaux Zhao F Naidu S Singh G Sewak coconut water Chand coconut water & Karan M Social networks cultural orientations e governGood Adequate Inadequate No opinion Funding routine operations maintenance Number trained staff Status buildings facilities equipment Funding collecting germplasm Funding research collection Level use breeders researchers good adequate surveyed institutes Collecting germplasm wild germplasm existing ex situ good adequate surveyed institutes Content ex situ good fertility plant cover good knowledge wide view of value chain there good part their collection local origin good part their collection local origin good Private research often focuses needs large scale farms developed countries good recording goods Goods CGIAR Goods CGIAR Göttingen French Agricultural Research Development CIRAD Göttingen Göttingen Germany Acknowledgments making manual was passionate adventure Supported participants interest enthusiasm volume its text gradually increased more than double what was originally planned three compilers would first like thank European Union EU African Caribbean States ACP Pacific Community SPC University Gottingen Malua M Pacific Islands case study UNCTAD Turning losses
gains SIDS multilateral trade liberalization agriculture pp New York Geneva United Nations PARDI Value Chain Review Pacific Agribusiness Research & Development Initiative http //www pacificfarmers com/wp content/uploads/ / /PARDI CoconutChainReview Nov pdf PCA PCAs statement copra price fluctuations https //pca gov ph/ news/ pca s statement on copra price fluctuation Philippines Authority Department Agriculture Finance insurance business governgoverngoverngoverngoverngoverngoverngoverngoverngoverngoverngovernGPS barcoding GPS barcoding GR breeding effort grab land Smallholders depends their land survival Governgrafted plants above cotyledon main method but extra careneeded watch rootstock outgrowth Research over grafted plants above cotyledon main method but extra careneeded watch rootstock outgrowth Research over grafted plants above cotyledon What facilities available tick many appropriate Facilities Yes site Yes provided partner institute No Multiplication facilities nursery etc Irrigation facilities Post entry quarantine Virus indexing what extent pest grafted plants under cotyledon Budded grafted plants under cotyledon main clonal propagation method use budded grafted plants under cotyledon main clonal propagation method use budded grafting produce grafting produce grafting rootstocks cuttings grafting rootstocks cuttings grateful Bioversity grateful following individuals grazing mining population pressure land tenure issues changing climate Deforestation inappropriate agricultural practices especially sloping lands often lead soil erosion great effort get great importance gene reservoirs cacao improvement table greater longevity storage Degradation seed result various fungal bacterial infections will greater longevity storage Degradation seed result various fungal bacterial infections will greatest collecting activity greatest collecting activity greatly affect N baraki predatory mite mite modified sprayer can operated ground extended output tube tied top end bamboo stick required height sprayer two people can spray palms greatly contributed improving quality text images manual In April framework previous CIRAD initiative seed systems CIDP organized meeting during which participants developed technical recommendations conducted brainstorming incentives boostingsector greatly enhance impact work opportunities get international support development
planting material We gratefully acknowledge contribution experts greatly enhance impact work opportunities get international support development
cocoa greatly expanded technologies supporting conservation management utilization greatly expanded technologies supporting conservation management utilization greatly reducing risks greatly strengthened Global Strategy thatpresented here Coconut remains one crops most neglected scientists donors regards its economic value cultural importance Despite enormous potential crop farmers often scrape living below poverty line greatly strengthened Global Strategy thatpresented here Some global cocoa green brown colours latter green coloured When nursery GRIN Global GRIN Global ensure minimum standard record keeping
involve minimum level hardware computers networking general skills information technology Information would recorded movement GSCC accession GRIN Global GRIN Globala project whose missionto create new scalable version USDAs Germplasm Resources Information Network system GRIN suitable use interested genebank world Itbeing developed joint effort Global Crop Diversity Trust Bioversity GRIN Global GRIN Globala project whose missionto create new scalable version USDAs Germplasm Resources Information Network system GRIN suitable use interested genebank world Itbeing developed joint effort Global Crop Diversity Trust Bioversity grinding half Europe's industrial chocolate production ground for instance Côte dIvoire ground humidity hot storage temperature increased internal mould risks Group Centre Horticulture Landscape School Biological Sciences University group cropshoused different Centres We add strong note caution group headquartered Switzerland group leaders will grouping explained CIDP website Selection criteria removing less groupings putting value chain risk groups defined those growers Growers Association Guyana MLS Multi Lateral System exchange ITPGRFA MMSP Mabang Megakarya Selection Programme MTA Material Transfer Agreement NGO Non GovernGrowers Association MHOCGA Honduras Fundación Hondureña de Investigación Agrícola FHIA India Central Plantation Crops Research Institute CPCRI Indonesia Indonesian Coffee Cocoa Growers Association MHOCGA Honduras Fundación Hondureña de Investigación Agrícola FHIA India Central Plantation Crops Research Institute CPCRI Indonesia Bah Lias Research Station Sumatra Indonesian Coffee Cocoa Growers Association Patrick Chesney India CPCRI July Central Plantation Crops Research Institute Elain Apshara Respondent D Balasimha Indonesia Bah Lias July Bah Lias Research Station PT PP London Sumatra Indonesia Respondent Eben Haeser Indonesia ICCRI July Indonesian Coffee Cocoa growers help them improve yields reduce disease Nestlé growers margins tighten dur growers Please estimate annual costs US$ per accessions following activities carried out collection US$/ accessions/year Field collection maintenance Morphological characterization Molecular characterization Agronomic evaluation Germplasm health indexing & eradication Information management Please provide details other major costs What changes present situation would you consider essential long term conservation cacao global level Please describe major needs growing growing Actions undertake New growing communities WCF achieves its goals growing concerns growing concerns growing farmersfields estates gardens including accessions held national international genebanks progenies tested breederstrials Note Roland my mind most text section Cacao strategyout subject text must focus importance growing farmersfields For many crop plants germplasm can stored form dried seeds low temperature i e Growing Research Association Ltd GCGRA Ltd chocolate industry UK has growing throughout world CRA Ltd research programmeclosely linked those its sister organizations Cocoa grown grown make lot shade Mucuna growth growth growth birds seen Motu One Tetiaroa Atoll French Polynesia bats seen near Madang Papua New Guinea
induce infestation PHYTOPHTHORA water mold causes immature nuts fall growth commodities risk particularly internationally traded items When therean over GSCC every year Average based activities introducing accessions vitro Bioversity GSCC every year Average based activities maintaining accessions vitro CIAT cassava CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA banana cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated USD per accession based capital costs CIP Andean roots tubers potato sweetpotato IITA banana cassava total accessions total cost USD Estimated number new cacao accessions requested distributed GSCC management responsibility identified accessions would reside various genebank curators Long term funding will Guam parts Solomon Islands Papua New Guinea Hawaii other places guaranteed therefore their sustainabilitynot secured over guidelines safe movement germplasm order they can promoted its Regional Plant Protection Organizations Exploring feasibility using vitro methods germplasm distribution through research project Raising awareness new safe movement guidelines through circular e mails INGENIC COPAL conference etc set additional web links Bioversity guidelines should formally reviewed every two years although should new information become available meantime e g spread particular pest guidelines should formally reviewed every two years although should new information become available meantime e g spread particular pest Guyana Plateau Brazil Amapá Roraïma French Guiana Suriname Venezuela Colombia Amazon region Regarding conservation landraces examples trees Guyana Plateau Brazil Amapá Roraïma French Guiana Suriname Venezuela Colombia Amazon region Regarding conservation landraces examples cacao trees ha these countries cultivation habitat loss market forces other influences that considerable resources already habitat management alliances partnership integrated regional development Strengthening distribution mechanism safe movement germplasm Itimportant clarify influence legal situation regarding access habitat management alliances partnership integrated regional development Strengthening distribution mechanism safe movement germplasm Itimportant clarify influence legal situation regarding access cacao Hainan Island China half answers marketing effective risks half collections half collections half collections carry out quarantine incoming/outgoing material routine basis Viral diseases particular threat safe movement germplasm since they cannot eliminated moreover half collections carry out quarantine incoming/outgoing material routine basis Viral diseases particular threat safe movement germplasm since they cannot eliminated moreover half many varieties collected s becoming senile handful chemicals hanging haphazard itpossible calculate hardpan soil pH would ideal but it could tolerate acid soils down pH alkaline soils pH also tolerates saline infertile soil grows quite well close beaches even shallow soils coralline atolls Occurrence severity Poorly drained soilunsuitable planting seedlings waterlogged condition would invite skipper butterfly attack root grub incidence When roots cover harmful chemicals was higher Papua New Guinea than other Pacific countries Pue et al Detection monitoring mitigation these toxic substances remains major problem smallholder farmer level PNG other hand no case contamination virgin oil was ever reported country In Caribbean standards water were revised harvest case chemical use it must certain products harvest case use pest harvest heaps which will harvest immature micro cracks caused falling harvest nuts thrown
these channels which used transportation Organic waste leaves raffles also thrown
these channels During dry seasons mud organic matter extracted harvest opaquer water becomes Therecurrently Harvest Organic Water litres sold Euros harvest single fruit were stolen eaten children harvest They mycotoxins produced two species fungus Aspergillus areas hot humid climates aflatoxins known genotoxic carcinogenic exposure through food should kept minimum early s European Union tightened aflatoxin B regulations dairy feed µg/kg reduced limit aflatoxin B copra Harvest uses form preservation Flash Pasteurization beverageheated ° °C seconds Most brands mentioned herein use process Ultra High Temperature Pasteurization Often used sterilize milk beverageheated above ° couple seconds manual brand Zico was harvest young coconuts price young drinkincreasing their availabilitydecreasing further reinforcing consumption soda vicious circle In during survey Cook Islands we succeeded considerable difficulty locating rare palm harvested according other stakeholders Savaii growers association it could high Reasons are follows Price offeredtoo low work small growers obtain harvested It would appear harvested seednuts often natural hybrids between traditional varieties harvested seednuts often natural hybrids between traditional varieties harvesting seednuts germinate seednuts look colour sprout keep has been lost addition much has been lost addition much has been main control method Selection resistance spread Cocoa has been supplied directly research institutes individuals According survey four institutes provide accession has been supplied directly research institutes individuals According survey four institutes provide accession has been used primary dataset used example demonstrate utility model has been used primary dataset used example demonstrate utility model has five hectare plantation trees have have access adequate affordable organic fertilizers Organic farmers should able achieve yields attained conventional farmers without depleting fertility their soil Organic farming have access financing inputs improve seeds fertilizer have allowed their staff participate network individuals have allowed their staff participate network individuals have assisted us contributing genebank surveys have assisted us contributing genebank surveys have been consultant have been included primarily those used accession identification purposes Molecular characterization was largely excluded except clonal crops which identification elimination unwanted duplicatesimportant Safety duplication including have been sufficiently clear proposed definition accession have been sufficiently clear proposed definition accession have capacity nor information systems provide assistance throughout value chain case private investments research development programs needed example products have contributed their expertise development Global Strategy CacaoNets Working Groups Yaw Adu Ampomah Cocobod Peter Aikpokpodion CRIN coconut water Alias MCB Frank Amoah CRIG Freddy Amores INIAP Fabio Aranzazu FEDECACAO Enrique Arévalo Gardini ICT Elizabeth Arnaud Bioversity have contributed their expertise development Global Strategy COGENT have contributed their valuable time expertise www cacaonet org Global Crop Diversity Trust Global Crop Diversity Trust Trust was established under international law organization October founded FAO Bioversity have contributed their valuable time expertise www COGENT have crop producing lauric acid reduce their dependency imports they created transgenic rapeseed canola Preparing future Even if oil have equipment laboratory manpower conduct controlled pollinations needed reproduce true to type accessions conserved ex situ have expected results Occurrence severity badlist According Fink Corruption agricultural production have human resource skills have irrigation facilities Over have irrigation facilities Over have often have often have problem exchanging have processing ability utilize entire crop have provided constructive feedback during development strategy which was supported financial in kind contributions have provided constructive feedback during development strategy which was supported financial in kind contributions have repeated introduction
cryopreservation b recurrent costs activities occur annually have resulted some promising hybrids which showed similar traits have resulted some promising hybrids which showed similar traits have scientific knowledge have specific loans farming have stolons re root References ATTRA Sustainable have wait fall naturally ground Open pollination will having Pink colouryoung husk water Actions undertake coconut water global studyneeded taste smell virgin oil Hawaii College Tropical Agriculture Human Resources University Hawaii Kenya Nicaragua Nigeria Pakistan Samoa Seychelles Solomon Islands Sri Lanka Thailand Vietnam samplingnot statistically representative but objectiveto capture diversity main focuses people directly involved value chains inside dedicated network Responses came back Hawai'i Manoa Singh Peterson L & Iranacolaivalu M Barriers market subsistence farmers Fiji hazardous events it restricts ability individuals access markets required expensive common equipment Each human organization needs learn innovate adapt its environment Those head thatthen applied other components results generate full cost genebank operation sorted crop cost component summaries these raw head uncertain health Methods selecting parent palms health issues crises healthy value product increase links between growers scientists processors states consumer market Reducing cost product transportation Support logistics freight products Analysis replies regarding risks heap farm Itpreferable instead use them compost surround base palm first layer husk second layer leaves will heap selected hectares plantations hectares years needed framework regular breeding program heigh palms height m Application mixture once every six months held ex situ held ex situ held genebanks There estimated cacao genebanks around world Most supported national and/or public held genebanks There estimated genebanks around world which located COGENT held national collections currently held national international genebanks but access these resourcesoften restricted lack clear institutional legal policy framework exchange materials held national international genebanks but access these resourcesoften restricted lack clear institutional legal policy framework exchange materials held public held public held vitro field potato more than half require health testing held vitro field potato more than half require health testing held Western societies help help both users
understand germplasm conservation genebanks improving help breeders prioritize their germplasm requests assist them locating material help breeders prioritize their germplasm requests assist them locating material help fight against price volatility Anyway full appraisal risk would further economic studies following topics Production help identify most efficient incentives mitigate most important risks help locate help rot down wood faster Breaking palms helped raise awareness CacaoNet initiative particularly through survey it conducted amongst its members its workshops INGENICsupported institutes which helping conserve diversity species these museums could combine galleries ancient artisanal artistic objects sales seednuts tendernuts drink store restaurant dedicated kinds products Since s palmsector Helsen Jan janh@spc int SPC Fiji her her herbivores pathogens parasites various scales ranging hesitate invest cultivation Actions undertake Diversification products should pursued together expansion heterogeneous allogamous tall populations Lower sample size palms HFR List populations registered in high copra moisture above Another issue consideration mitigation process accessibility Quality Control facilities like laboratories testing products Actions undertake In PNG another step high emissions scenario Rainfall SW NW Pacific wetter Central Pacific drier over high end furniture Plate Some players oilsector high Future studies spite limitations study mentioned report consultant high Future studies spite limitations study mentioned report consultant high monetary investment needed meet taste colour requirements demanded international regulations Other prohibitive elements include Import duties Japan import products Products
Australia must pass through biosecurity large share Pacific productsexported Australia As more more products become available demanded western countries regulations will high number Five high numbers adults live nine months cause severe damage palm plantations become high probability misidentification making reports unreliable Therefore identification tree level establishment proper traceability system through intermediate quarantine final destinationvery important Another reason might linkage between originating genebank final beneficiary countryweakened distributions out intermediate quarantine without regard originating genebank linkage could strengthened if MTA were issued intermediate quarantine centre behalf originating genebank MTA returned originating genebank material coming high probability misidentification making reports unreliable Therefore identification tree level establishment proper traceability system through intermediate quarantine final destinationvery important Another reason might linkage between originating genebank final beneficiary countryweakened distributions out intermediate quarantine without regard originating genebank linkage could strengthened if MTA were issued intermediate quarantine centre behalf originating genebank MTA returned originating genebank material coming high Traditional smoke dryingoften correlated low aflatoxin copra In oil naturally contaminated aflatoxin B more than toxinpresent soluble form remainder occurring sediment aflatoxindetoxified when oil static layer less high value products high whereas disease free tissue cultures provide vehicle distribution quarantine clearance costs can high whereas disease free tissue cultures provide vehicle distribution quarantine clearance costs can high yield their progenies their resistance witchesbroom disease black pod even though they high yields Small farmers regularly reach tendernuts/palm/year using Brazilian Green Dwarf variety planting density palms higher frequency desired traits higher frequency desired traits higher harvest their than profit they will higher selling price can conserved longer Actions first regarding extension services harvest storage transportation good practices Advice should delivered how plan adequate storage unit production highly dependent genes varieties characterized conserved other countries regions Effective management highly dependent genes varieties developed conserved other countries highly dependent genes varieties developed conserved situ ex situ highly homozygous genome more more information becoming available genome including identification highly homozygous genome more more information becoming available cacao genome including identification highly localised subject strict biosecurity measures ensure containment Another phytoplasma was his customers indicating part mature coconuts his predecessor While some Pacific Island countries
off we should realize Pacific islanders generally historical information Itlikely historical information Itlikely history clan Happy her discover History its Control Means Parasites Imperial Bureau Entomology London Phytoplasma diseases holiday comic healthy natural palm new representation single plant impacting western perception tropical island countries It will Holiday comicsNatural healthyother hand Western countries more more seen polluted places main contributors pollution global warming Promoting products can also impact tourism industry because healthy reputation palm extends countries honeybees visit inflorescences hooks host country Introduced hour periods considering meteorological situation moment their request ReliefWeb site already offers maps but they how BCS However However However National Development Bank Hrf CIRAD CEFE/CNRS Brigitte Laliberté Vincent Johnson Dietmar Stoian and Stephan Weise Bioversity http //www sciencedaily com/releases/ // htm Phillips Mora W Aime MC Wilkinson MJ Biodiversity biogeography Theobroma coconut pathogen Moniliophthora roreri tropical America Plant Pathology Phillips Mora W Mora coconut water Johnson E Astorga C http //www sciencedaily com/releases/ // htm Phillips Mora W Aime MC Wilkinson MJ Biodiversity biogeography cacao Theobroma cacao pathogen Moniliophthora roreri tropical America Plant Pathology Phillips Mora W Mora coconut water Johnson E Astorga C https //core ac uk/download/pdf/ pdf Hardaker J B & Lien G Probabilities decision analysis agriculture rural https //journal ugm ac id/agritech/article/view/ Wilson M coconut water Prades coconut water & Kembu coconut water Breeding quality traits Chapter https //patents google com/patent/USB/en ICC Quality standards seven products https //coconutcommunity org/viewpdf/apcc_quality_standards_for_coconut_products/ Kailaku S I Setiawan B & Sulaeman coconut water Shelf Life Estimation Cold Sterilized Water PLANTA TROPIKA Jurnal Agrosains Journal Agro Science Richardson P I Muhamadali H Ellis D I & Goodacre R Rapid quantification adulteration fresh water dilution sugars using Raman spectroscopy chemometrics Food chemistry Rukminin coconut water Sri Raharjo Hastuti P Supriyadi S Quality Deterioration Commercial Virgin Oil Dur https //www fdb com fj/coconut farming huge amount manpower huge amount manpower Although palms huge quantity Oryctes larva adults presently harvested tons per month some oil palm plantations Scientists Pacific region test method human human human health environmentgoal IPMto keep pest hurricanes When their crops destroyed they husk average Advices were given farmers agriculture officers multiplicate palm but because both cross pollination habit palm short duration project researchers husk diseaseknown embryo rot pre emergence shoot rot banana sheath rot taro corm rot husk fibres white thin husk shell kernel water can used various products value chainsplit
multiple levels processing different end products markets Plate provides graphic over husk Their wateralso retrieved bottling Then it can processed packaged
tetra packs husks manually Most cacaofermented farm cacaogenerally fermented simple heaps cover husks manually Most coconutfermented farm coconutgenerally fermented simple heaps cover husks some produce sweet tasty milk least half Polynesian varieties conserved ex situ Hussein Naheed naheedh@spc int SPC Fiji hybrid populations between Criollo Forastero types occurring Trinidad hybrid seednuts during last decades It happened some farmers came extension division asked hybrid seednuts Instead simply saying hybrids unavailable official national nursery provided seednuts harvested Dwarf x Tall hybrids presented those hybridsFarmers were planting them thinking they were real hybrids good planting material They will hybrid seednuts were produced Samoan governhybrid varieties hybrid varieties main reasons hybrid varieties main reasons hybridization between original Nacional populations introduced Trinitario hybrids hybrids Aromatic Green Dwarf seedlings already reserved paid next years Occurrence severity Some Thai farmers becoming millionaires cultivating while many Pacific farmers remain poor cultivating same plant price agricultural land dedicated cultivationsaid reach more than Euros per hectare Thailand Mitigation adaptation Thai cultivation method using canals seems performing well greatly reduces risk drought makes harvest transportation much less hybrids These seeds will hybrids will hybridsnot yet problem global level because itestimated no more than MMMM Diseases Despite existence over I Azhar MCB V C Baligar USDA Frances Bekele CRU/UWI DM Botello FEDECOCONUT NGR Braz UESC Peter Bretting USDA David Butler consultant I Azhar MCB V C Baligar USDA Frances Bekele CRU/UWI DM Botello FEDECACAO NGR Braz UESC Peter Bretting USDA David Butler consultant i e comprising cacao germplasm currently i e comprising germplasm currently i e marketsfailure second half concerns economic under valorisation coconutsbasic products One can understand prevent I International Treaty Plant I International Treaty Plant I list multilateral system exchange Therefore most materialsubject national legislations However addition two international collections some national collections can also considered within public I list multilateral system exchange Therefore most materialsubject national legislations However addition two international collections some national collections can also considered within public ICC International Community formerly APCC COGENT ICCO production ice apple Borassus flabellifer Areca palm India Sri Lanka mite can colonize fruits age but peak populations ICG T accessions moderately resistant ICG T were propagated rooted cuttings using budwood ICGD Internationalcoconut clone ICGD Internationalcoconut clone ICGD linked CANGIS Stimulating rescue historical ICGD linked CANGIS Stimulating rescue historical ICGD March indicate level duplication between two international collections CRU/UWI CATIEof accessions held both collections i e collection CRU/UWIalso maintained CATIE CATIE collectionalso maintained CRU/UWI Up now it does ICGD March indicate level duplication between two international collections CRU/UWI CATIEof accessions held both collections i e collection CRU/UWIalso maintained CATIE CATIE collectionalso maintained CRU/UWI International Cocoa ICGD regularly once ICGD regularly once ICGD TropGENE utilizing standardized variety identification codes order access additional information thatof interest potential users germplasm will ICGD TropGENE utilizing standardized variety identification codes order access additional information thatof interest potential users germplasm will ICGD website table ICGD website table icide residur icide residur icide residur icide treatments usually applied germplasm before itexchanged mentioned icide treatments usually applied germplasm before itexchanged mentioned icides icides commonly used cultivation Organophosphate pest icides cost control agricultural context Food Agriculture Organization FAO defines IPM careful consideration available pest icides However establishing threshold economic injury levels needs established before decision can icides insecticides Processing icides irrigation mechanization icides it must certain products icides jeopardize development organic market mature drinking coconuts these countries In case germplasm transfer material destined export should collected zone free disease especially free icides mainly monochrotophos acts cholinesterase inhibitor mostly used Its injection
trunk trees icides
available Pacific Each Pacific country will icides more needs consumed young leaves legume shade tree Gliricidia pounded mixed cooked rice maize icides other chemical treatments Successful integrated pest icides other interventions levels economically justified reduce icides other water soluble chemicals organic icides physical controls icides residur icides There
restrictions their use within your country Plant derived pest icides these must consulted Plants icides used Indiaavailable icides used within Pacific can less icides value markets etc When FOdysfunctional it cannot protect its members icidescommonly used control ICQC R ICQC R ICQC R Chris Turnbull University ICQC R Chris Turnbull University ICQC R INGENIC Asia Pacific Regional Group ICQC R INGENIC Asia Pacific Regional Group ICQC R Manuel Canto Saenz UNA la Molina Julio Cascardo UESC Nanga Coulibaly COPAL Nick Cryer Kraft formerly University ICQC R Manuel Canto Saenz UNA la Molina Julio Cascardo UESC Nanga Coulibaly COPAL Nick Cryer Kraft formerly University ICQC R Most planning collect materials ICQC R Most planning collect materials ICQC R will ICQC R will ICS clones Trinidad ICS clones Trinidad ICS many cases collective will ideally randomly chosen each deme priority given gaining representation existing phenotypic diversity If pods unavailable ideally randomly chosen each deme priority given gaining representation existing phenotypic diversity If pods unavailable identification pest identified climate vulnerable communities require relocation which urgent relocation intending support their move via governidentified clones having simultaneously resistant reaction against both black pod frosty pod Ecuador new sources resistance frosty pod were identified s impact using disease resistant wild germplasm cacao breeding identified their categorization identified their categorization forty risks identifies accessions represent maximum allelic richness observed across ten population groups capturing majority known identifies accessions represent maximum allelic richness observed across ten population groups capturing majority known identify gaps knowledge global cacao genepool assessing current technology and/or results available their adequacy purpose creating GSCC carry out complementary research needed will identify gaps knowledge global genepool assessing current technology and/or results available their adequacy purpose creating CNCC carry out complementary research needed will IDH www idhsustainable IDH www idhsustainable If if interest some productsdying out We should
prepared future events Unfortunately there stories equipment facilities were ordered paid but never used they arrived when product was no longer desired market In Pacific islands we also if nearby rivers if people agree cultivate if properly managed
reduce time spent weed control Cover if really necessary deleted if really necessary deleted if really necessary deleted if really necessary deleted If something occurs If something occurs If something occurs If transportationdelayed if when possible notwithstanding these materials unlikely placed public IITA Banana = cost estimated banana maintained IITA ART Andean roots tubers Operations No samples Total cost Total average cost Capital cost Periodi city Annua lized costs One off Acquisition BB One off Characterization BB One off Field verification BB Molecular characterization BB One off Safety duplication shipment BB One off Safety duplication IRD BB Maintenance cryopreserved collection BB Maintenance vitro collection BB Stock maintenance short term storage BB Introduction
cryopreservation BB One off Introduction
vitro collection BB One off Leaf sample banking BB Rejuvenation greenhouses BB Virus indexing BB One off Pre indexing BB One off Virus therapy BB < One off In vitro multiplication & distribution BB Information management BB General management BB Acquisition Cassava One off Characterization Cassava Identification duplicates & integrity Cassava One off Safety duplication Cassava Cryopreservation Cassava In vitro conservation Cassava Health testing & thermatherapy Cassava One off Distribution Cassava Information management Cassava General management Cassava Acquisition ART One off Characterization ART One off Safety duplication ART Long term storage seed ART Field collection ART In vitro conservation ART Re introduction
vitro ART Germination testing ART Regeneration ART Seed processing ART Seed health testing ART Distribution ART Herbarium & verification ART DNA genebank ART Information management ART General management ART Acquisition Potato One off Characterization & verification DNA markers nutritional markers Potato One off Safety duplication seed vitro Potato Long term storage seed Potato Field collection Potato Cryopreservation introduction maintenance monitoring Potato One off & annual In vitro conservation Potato Re introduction
vitro Potato Germination testing Potato Regeneration seed collection Potato Seed processing & health testing Potato Distribution Potato Herbarium & verification Potato DNA genebank Potato Information management Potato Acquisition Sweetpotato One off Characterization & verification DNA markers nutritional markers Sweetpotato One off Safety duplication seed & vitro Sweetpotato Long term storage seed Sweetpotato Field collection screenhouses Sweetpotato Cryopreservation Sweetpotato One off & annual In vitro conservation Sweetpotato Re introduction
vitro Sweetpotato Germination testing Sweetpotato Seed regeneration greenhouse Sweetpotato Seed processing & health testing Sweetpotato Distribution including vitro multiplication Sweetpotato Herbarium & verification Sweetpotato DNA genebank Sweetpotato Information management Sweetpotato General management Sweetpotato Acquisition IITA Banana Characterization IITA Banana Safety duplication IITA Banana One off In vitro conservation IITA Banana In vitro introduction IITA Banana Field bank IITA Banana Seed health testing IITA Banana Distribution IITA Banana Information management IITA Banana General management IITA Banana Acquisition Cassava One off Characterization Cassava One off Safety duplication Cassava In vitro conservation Cassava In vitro introduction Cassava One off & Field bank Cassava Regeneration Cassava Seed health testing Cassava One off Distribution Cassava Information management Cassava General management Cassava Acquisition Yam One off Characterization Yam One off Biochemical analysis Yam One off Safety duplication Yam Long term storage Yam Medium term storage Yam Field bank Yam Germination testing Yam Regeneration Yam Seed processing Yam Seed health testing Yam Distribution Yam Information management Yam General management Yam annex IITA Banana = cost estimated banana maintained IITA ART Andean roots tubers Operations No samples Total cost Total average cost Capital cost Periodi city Annua lized costs One off Acquisition BB One off Characterization BB One off Field verification BB Molecular characterization BB One off Safety duplication shipment BB One off Safety duplication IRD BB Maintenance cryopreserved collection BB Maintenance vitro collection BB Stock maintenance short term storage BB Introduction
cryopreservation BB One off Introduction
vitro collection BB One off Leaf sample banking BB Rejuvenation greenhouses BB Virus indexing BB One off Pre indexing BB One off Virus therapy BB < One off In vitro multiplication & distribution BB Information management BB General management BB Acquisition Cassava One off Characterization Cassava Identification duplicates & integrity Cassava One off Safety duplication Cassava Cryopreservation Cassava In vitro conservation Cassava Health testing & thermatherapy Cassava One off Distribution Cassava Information management Cassava General management Cassava Acquisition ART One off Characterization ART One off Safety duplication ART Long term storage seed ART Field collection ART In vitro conservation ART Re introduction
vitro ART Germination testing ART Regeneration ART Seed processing ART Seed health testing ART Distribution ART Herbarium & verification ART DNA genebank ART Information management ART General management ART Acquisition Potato One off Characterization & verification DNA markers nutritional markers Potato One off Safety duplication seed vitro Potato Long term storage seed Potato Field collection Potato Cryopreservation introduction maintenance monitoring Potato One off & annual In vitro conservation Potato Re introduction
vitro Potato Germination testing Potato Regeneration seed collection Potato Seed processing & health testing Potato Distribution Potato Herbarium & verification Potato DNA genebank Potato Information management Potato Acquisition Sweetpotato One off Characterization & verification DNA markers nutritional markers Sweetpotato One off Safety duplication seed & vitro Sweetpotato Long term storage seed Sweetpotato Field collection screenhouses Sweetpotato Cryopreservation Sweetpotato One off & annual In vitro conservation Sweetpotato Re introduction
vitro Sweetpotato Germination testing Sweetpotato Seed regeneration greenhouse Sweetpotato Seed processing & health testing Sweetpotato Distribution including vitro multiplication Sweetpotato Herbarium & verification Sweetpotato DNA genebank Sweetpotato Information management Sweetpotato General management Sweetpotato Acquisition IITA Banana Characterization IITA Banana Safety duplication IITA Banana One off In vitro conservation IITA Banana In vitro introduction IITA Banana Field bank IITA Banana Seed health testing IITA Banana Distribution IITA Banana Information management IITA Banana General management IITA Banana Acquisition Cassava One off Characterization Cassava One off Safety duplication Cassava In vitro conservation Cassava In vitro introduction Cassava One off & Field bank Cassava Regeneration Cassava Seed health testing Cassava One off Distribution Cassava Information management Cassava General management Cassava Acquisition Yam One off Characterization Yam One off Biochemical analysis Yam One off Safety duplication Yam Long term storage Yam Medium term storage Yam Field bank Yam Germination testing Yam Regeneration Yam Seed processing Yam Seed health testing Yam Distribution Yam Information management Yam General management Yam annex IITA cassava CIAT IITA potato CIP sweetpotato Andean roots tubers CIP yam IITA costs were adjusted inflation rate per year derived IITA cassava CIAT IITA potato CIP sweetpotato Andean roots tubers CIP yam IITA costs were adjusted inflation rate per year derived ill grown known trade its unique flavour characteristics illustrations Top left Mabang Megakarta Selection Programme MMSP Ghana G Lockwood Top right Improvedcoconut clone illustrations Top left Mabang Megakarta Selection Programme MMSP Ghana G Lockwood Top right Improvedcoconut clone images many wish implement images many wish implement IMC M F IMC M F NA M F NA group immediate returns They access financial services purchase immediate volume value yields many farmers low incomes lack capital prevent good control their agricultural environment irrigation fertilizers pest immediately upon detection impact capacity select best materials breeders Climate Change costal areas new AAAA Leo conservation ecotourism new AAAA Tuia Jean Kape Image palms impact capacity select best materials breeders Evaluation germplasm Introduction new accessions impacts finding strategies projects addressing community based disaster risk reduction DRR climate change adaptation CCA often duplicate each other implement solidarity based citizen financing implemented annex implemented annex implemented critical preventing international transmissions pest implemented price stabilization schemes copra relieve farmers implementing bodies collapse local businesses cost escalation governimportant Consortium Trust genebank managers continue monitor costs over important Consortium Trust genebank managers continue monitor costs over important Itmuch easier control beetle life stages take place ground eggs larvae rather than trees important part material priority conservation distribution CNCC Making available list main traits accessions held ICQC R which will important part material priority conservation distribution GSCC Making available list main traits accessions held ICQC R which will important pointto understand inheritance two kinds dwarfism existing palm Thisopen door using positive characteristics Dwarf slow vertical growth precocity nut bearing populations tall type having broader imported imported less impose their scientific knowledge improve documentation information related cacao germplasm ex situ improve documentation information related germplasm ex situ improve environment through use land thatrespectful nature farming improve fertility management their plantations rule improved hybrid ranged improved information management systems including strengthening institutional national systems e g new specific software programmes information technologies improved information management systems including strengthening institutional national systems e g new specific software programmes information technologies improved see instance video describing traditional technique applied old farmer improved selected variety can grafted onto trunk improved selected variety can grafted onto trunk improved selected variety onto trunk improved varieties Most farms planted traditional varieties Amelonado Trinitario Nacional hybrid complex improved varieties Most farms planted traditional varieties Amelonado Trinitario Nacional hybrid complex improved varieties mostly improved varieties mostly improvement improvement improving accessibility farmers planting materials improving if necessary reliable standardized evaluation methods major agronomic traits Identifying most useful CNCC germplasm distribution adapting evolving needs breeding programmes improving if necessary reliable standardized evaluation methods major agronomic traits Identifying most useful GSCC germplasm distribution adapting evolving needs breeding programmes in Bolivia Ríos Madre de Dios Beni Mamoré Brazil Rondonia North Mato Grosso Pará Peru Ríos Ucayali Huallaga Madre de Dios Putumayo Venezuela Río Orinoco parenthesis examples areas known gaps full list should based result gap analysis Collecting trips should planned areas in Bolivia Ríos Madre de Dios Beni Mamoré Brazil Rondonia North Mato Grosso Pará Peru Ríos Ucayali Huallaga Madre de Dios Putumayo Venezuela Río Orinoco parenthesis examples areas known gaps full list should based result gap analysis Collecting trips should planned areas In brief they include Acquisition bringing new material
collection annual rate per year total accessions i e in diseased zone Thanks meticulous monitoring disease including culling systematic early producing hybrid replantation in hands smallholders tending four hectares In order try address these constraints foster efficient effective system germplasm conservation evaluation safe movement COGENT In some cases selecting In some cases table inadequate information Missing right information farmers will inadequately managed seed gardens reproduce selected hybrid varieties sufficient quantities satisfy farmer requirements many areas substitution local varieties landraces clonal varieties field can result irreversible loss inadequately managed seed gardens reproduce selected hybrid varieties sufficient quantities satisfy farmer requirements many areas substitution local varieties landraces clonal varieties field can result irreversible loss inadequately managed Seed gardens seedling supply used Ghana Ghana CocoBod Seed Production inadequately managed Seed gardens seedling supply used Ghana Ghana CocoBod Seed Production inbreeding depression select green palms incentives C DOMAR template risk analysis forty risks incentives online survey was drafted sent review incentives towards food nutrition security agriculture remains engine economic growth Ittherefore paramount governincidence Screening disease & pest incidence screening pest incidence screening pest incisions twice day result continuous flow nectar thatused produce syrup kind vegetal honey sugar vinegar alcoholic beverages Tuvalu Kiribati Pacific hubs include both block rehabilitation new block development During awareness campaign include cover include cover include experts key stakeholders CacaoNets Steering Committee will include experts key stakeholders COGENT include forecasting surveillance vector control using new pest include identifying most urgent threatened collecting sites fill gaps existing diversity collections collect materials areas have include identifying most urgent threatened collecting sites fill gaps existing diversity collections collect materials areas have include some capacity building key collections develop include some capacity building key collections develop include surveying status establish inventory landraces traditional varieties Upper Amazon Mesoamerica developing scientific include surveying status establish inventory landraces traditional varieties Upper Amazon Mesoamerica developing scientific included agreement signed International Treaty collectionmaintained living plants field also maintained vitro There used collection IITA Onne Station near Port Harcourt Nigeria but dur included agreement signed International Treaty collectionmaintained living plants field also maintained vitro There used collection IITA Onne Station near Port Harcourt Nigeria but dur included annex included annex included annual costs They included annual costs They included costs acquisition costs time cryopreservation expert included General Management together costs other technical administration staff Leuven Montpellier offices One off cost optimization collectionfor cryopreserving remaining accessions existing collection together anticipated accessions included one off cost costs introducing accessions included costs acquisition costs time cryopreservation expert included General Management together costs other technical administration staff Leuven Montpellier offices One off cost optimization collectionfor cryopreserving remaining accessions existing collection together anticipated accessions included one off cost costs introducing accessions included CRA Mars Stiftung der Deutschen Kakao und Schokoladenwirtschaft USDA/ARS INGENICgrateful support COPAL its partner organizations host countries allowing INGENIC Workshops coordinated International Cocoa included one off costs acquisition One off costs optimization collectionfor cryopreservation accessions health testing accessions IITA Banana plantain Operations No samples Total cost Total average cost Capital cost Periodi city Annua lized costs One off Acquisition Characterization Safety duplication One off In vitro conservation In vitro introduction Field bank Seed health testing Distribution Information management General management Total IITA Banana plantain footnotes No further acquisitions expected collection exception possible rescue accessions included one off costs acquisition One off costs optimization collectionfor cryopreservation accessions health testing accessions IITA Banana plantain Operations No samples Total cost Total average cost Capital cost Periodi city Annua lized costs One off Acquisition Characterization Safety duplication One off In vitro conservation In vitro introduction Field bank Seed health testing Distribution Information management General management Total IITA Banana plantain footnotes No further acquisitions expected collection exception possible rescue accessions includes country members andorganized
regional sub networks Africa Indian Ocean Latin America Caribbean South Asia Middle East Southeast East Asia South Pacific table includes country members now includes returning microbial plant including ICGD CANGIS details Section NOTE estimated these costs currently including ICGD CANGIS Strengthening networking partnerships global collaboration Global Strategy depends increasing capacity national partners play key role ensuring conservation use including nursery test Agricultural officers should ask temporary recruitments workers when needed numbering palms including passport descriptors characters supporting accessions inclusion CNCC individual accessions make CNCC provide means users access germplasm information will including passport descriptors characters supporting accessions inclusion GSCC individual accessions make GSCC provide means users access germplasm information will including time inclusion approach smallholders included decision making initiatives empowering sustainable incomplete information Therefore mitigation means improve information quality relevance adaptation means minimize incidence incomplete nature inconsistencies incomplete nature inconsistencies incorporating opinions contributions participants Two risks incorporating research track
programme recognising increased cocoa increase considerably over increase fertilizer doses significant pollution aquifers nitrates In past agricultural intensification increase interactions stakeholders increase penalizing whole industry increase probability those varieties conserved An imported question remains imagine I am farmer I am afraid losing traditional variety want deposit it national field gene bank if it exists Pacific region increase supply increase yields increased price volatility therefore risks increased rainfall dur increasing number genotypes added benefit approachthat it can act barrier transmission Swollen Shoot Virus CSSV increasing number genotypes added benefit approachthat it can act barrier transmission Cocoa increasing number genotypes Li et al showed cacao genotypes tested were capable producing primary somatic embryos albeit variable efficiencies percentage responsive cultured staminodes instance was low genotype Neverthe less increasingly become legally protected regulated Multiple standards specify exact requirements organic production increasingly commonly production incurred once during lifeaccession IND IND Fiji IND IND Gafaragoan Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Galas Green Dwarf Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Gangabhavani Tall India IND IND IND IND Gangabondam Green Dwarf India IND IND IND IND Gangapani Tall India IND IND IND IND Gatusan Tall Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL PHL Gazelle Peninsula Tall Papua New Guinea CIV CIV IND LKA PHL PHL VUT VUT VT VUT Gazelle Peninsula Tall Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Gazelle Peninsula Tall Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Gazelle Peninsula Tall R Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Gazelle Peninsula Tall Y Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Gazelle Peninsula Tall Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Gazelle Peninsula Tall R Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Gazelle Peninsula Tall Y Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Gazelle Peninsula Tall Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Gazelle Peninsula Tall Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Ghana Yellow Dwarf Ghana CIV CIV CIV CIV VNM DGEC VNM Gon Thembili Tall Sri Lanka IND IND IND IND LKA LKA IND IND Gon Thembili Tall Red Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Gotalamo Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Guam Tall Type I United States America United States America IND IND Guam Tall Type II United States America IND IND IND IND Guam Tall Type III United States America IND IND IND IND Guangdong Tall China China CHIN CHN Gudanjali Green Dwarf India India IND IND Guelle Rose Tall Mauritius IND IND IND IND Guiuan Green Dwarf Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Guiuan Tall Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Guntung Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Hainan Tall China CHN CHN CHN CHN CHN CHN CHN CHN CHN CHN CHN CHN CHN CHN CHIN CHN Hanimaadhoo Tall Green Maldives Maldives IND IND Hanimaadhoo Tall Medium Round Maldives Maldives IND IND Hanimaadhoo Tall Oblong Semi Maldives Maldives IND IND Hanimaadhoo Tall Yellow Maldives Maldives IND IND Hathazari Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Hazari Tall India India IND IND Hihisu Tall Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Igo Bulan Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Igo Duku Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Ijobalit Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Ilocos Sur Tall Aloleng Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Ilocos Sur Tall Catarman Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Ilo Ilo Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Indian East Coast Tall India IND IND IND IND Indian West Coast Tall India IND IND IND JAM LKA CIB JAM Indian West Coast Tall Spicata India IND IND IND IND IND Inobonto Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Inobonto Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Inobonto Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Iokea Red Dwarf Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Iokea Tall Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Jahaji Tall India India IND IND Jamaica Tall Jamaica IND IND JAM JAM CIB JAM Jamalpur Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Java Tall Indonesia IND IND IND IND IND Jepara Tall Indonesia IDN IDN IPRI IDN Jhalakathi Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Jombang Green Dwarf Indonesia IDN IDN IDN IPRI IDN Jombang Red Dwarf Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Jombang Yellow Dwarf Indonesia IDN IDN IDN IPRI IDN Kaadedhdhoo Tall Oblong Maldives Maldives IND IND Kaadedhdhoo Tall Yellowish Gre Maldives Maldives IND IND Kaithathali Tall India IND IND IND IND Kalapara Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Kalasey Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Kamandala Tall Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Kambaniru Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Kapal Brown Dwarf Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Kapatagan Green Dwarf Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Kappadam Tall India CIV CIV CIV IND IND IND IND IND Kapuas Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Karkar Tall Papua New Guinea CIV CIV CIV IDN IND JAM JAM LKA MYS PHL PHL PNG TZA VUT VUT SRS PNG Karkar Tall Guanaga Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Karkar Tall Kinim Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Karkar Tall Ulatava Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Katangawan Tall Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Kayemkola Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Kelambu Buruk Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Kenthali Orange Dwarf India IND IND IND IND Khagrachari Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Khairtala Tall Bangladesh BGD IND BARI BGD Kiamba Green Dwarf Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Kinabalan Green Dwarf Philippines CIV PHL PHL PHL PHL Kinabuhutan Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN King Coconut Sri Lanka IND IND IND JAM JAM LKA LKA TZA CIB JAM King Coconut Bothal Thembili Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA King Coconut Nawasi Thembili Sri Lanka LKA LKA CRI LKA King Coconut Rath Ran Thembi Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA King Coconut Rath Ran Thembili Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA King Kumbra Tall Maldives Maldives IND IND Kiribati Green Dwarf Kiribati VUT VUT VT VUT Kiribati Tall Kiribati Kiribati YSI SLB Kisorganj Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Kiwai Tall Boze Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Kiwai Tall Severimabau Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Klapawangi Tall Indonesia Indonesia IND IND Kongthien Yong Tall Indonesia Indonesia IND IND Kopyor Brown Dwarf Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Kopyor Green Dwarf Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Kopyor Green/ Yellow Dwarf Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Kopyor Ivory Dwarf Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Kopyor Yellow Dwarf Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Kosinggolan Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Kumai Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Kumo B Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Kupal Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Kushtia Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD La Union Tall Bolinao Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL La Union Tall Sablot Philippines Philippines PHL PHL La Victoria Dwarf Philippines Philippines PHL PHL La Victoria Dwarf Brown Philippines Philippines PHL PHL La Victoria Dwarf Green Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Laccadive Micro Tall India CIV CIV IND IND IND TZA NCDP TZA Laccadive Orange Dwarf India India IND IND Laccadive Ordinary Tall India CIV CIV GHA IND IND LKA TZA NCDP TZA Laguna Tall Philippines IND IND MYS PHL PHL PHL PHL IND IND Laoang Tall Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Lato Lato Tall Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Lebukhali Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Leon Tall Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Lifou Tall France IND IND IND IND IND Lolak Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Lolak Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Loong Tall Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Lope De Vega Tall Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Lua Tall Viet Nam Viet Nam DGEC VNM Lubuk Pakam Tall Indonesia IDN IDN IPRI IDN Lumajang Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Lupon Tall Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Macapuno Tall Coco Gra Seychelles Seychelles IND IND Macapuno Tall De Guzman Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL PHL Macapuno Tall Dikiri Poll Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Macapuno Tall Dua Sap Viet Nam Viet Nam DGEC VNM Madang Brown Dwarf Papua New Guinea CIV CIV LKA PNG PNG THA THA TZA VUT VUT SRS PNG Magtuod Green Dwarf Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Maitum Tall Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Maitum Tall Kuyamis Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Makapuno Tall Seychelles Seychelles Seychelles IND IND Makilala Green Dwarf Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Malayan Green Dwarf Malaysia CIV CIV CIV IND IND IND MYS MYS SLB TZA TZA TZA DOAS MYS Malayan Green Dwarf Kulasekharam India IND IND IND IND Malayan Red Dwarf Malaysia BRA BRA CIV CIV CIV CIV FJI GHA IDN IDN IND IND IND IND JAM JAM JAM JAM MYS PHL PHL PHL PNG SLB THA TZA TZA VNM VUT VUT CHRC THA Malayan Red Dwarf Fiji IND IND IND IND Fiji IND IND IND IND Fiji indebted research institutes organizations indeed risk dur indeed risk dur independent body which they can seek advise index islands across countries approach could help private companies some farmers select sites setting new plantations Some India Indonesia As far we know India Indonesia Madagascar Papua New Guinea Philippines Samoa Sri Lanka annex India Indonesia Madagascar Papua New Guinea Philippines Samoa Sri Lanka annex indicate major total one time costs foreseen which funding will indicate major total one time costs foreseen which funding will indicate two things namely effectiveness drying process likely growth spoilage micro organisms like moulds fungus dur indicated indicated table indicated they indicates many amazing compact dwarf varieties have indicates net gain land despite sea level rise among highest t ± m over individual Although international collections CATIE CRU/UWI individual Although international collections CATIE CRU/UWI individual demand country members some countries
consider their individual plants each accession individual plants each accession individual trees individual trees individual trees individual trees individual varieties plants trees individuals research survey conducted two food economists revealed most people believe individuals blame their own obesity indivisible lands Pacific countries can create obstacles agricultural intensification optimal utilization land assets While customary land tenure systems
hamper productive investments they indivisible lands Pacific countries create obstacles agricultural intensification optimal utilization land assets Neverthe less Indonesia palms Indonesia Philippines World copra oil prices induced cyclones more important than killing palms induced people Frequency appearance Intensity whichreflected magnitude damage it causes Type prevention possible some risks industries contributing factor collapse demand coconut products was potentially flawed assumption products saturated fat content was contributor heart disease However later scientific studies showed health benefits oil led changing dietary trends change perception oil saturated fats general early s demand virgin organic oil began significantly increase production industry both UK producing countries andinvolved various international cocoa industry large scale replanting group first Nadi meeting recommended more dedicated resources focused planting material seed systems plantation management small island developing states least one research one extension officer should dedicated industry large scale replanting group recommended more dedicated resources focused planting material seed systems plantation management small island developing states least one research one extension officer should dedicated coconuts Larger countries should consider establishment separate units within their Ministries team focussed coconuts Recognising both disparities commonalities between these situations group agreed following six recommendations National Agricultural Services should allow farmers primary role making their own varietal choices consider advising against farmers growing industry look forward working national authorities international donors effectively deliver vision laid out Global Strategy Tony Lass Chairman Cocoa industry perspective intra familial industry public industry sources many years support has industry sources many years support has industry sources many years support has industry sources many years support has industry there many opportunities pre competitive research other activities which will industry thislikely intensify future particularly affects small island countries industry whole reach farmers quickly effectively Mars fund lead innovative programmes will ineffectiveness self incompatibility mechanism well vegetative imbalances between clones However therelack sufficient seed gardens many areas whilst seed production ineffectiveness self incompatibility mechanism well vegetative imbalances between clones However therelack sufficient seed gardens many areas whilst seed production inevitably lead coastal areas becoming uninhabitable Esteban et al Humans inferior trees infertile white sand almost no plants growing under palms infested infested nurseries farms Occurrence severity In Solomon Islands outbreak disease Yandina commercial nursery was found associated presence Marasmiellus cocophilus Foale fungal organism was previously unrecognised Pacific known inflorescence primordia initiation through fruit maturity result serious drought affects yield informal approval processes agreements information information information information information information applying scientific expertise solve problems agriculture environment CABIs objectives lift smallholder farmers out poverty through reducing lost crops pest information facilitate rationalization Create awareness importance sharing responsibility conservation use diversity Seek dialogue decision making political/administrative bodies country Work towards development implementation access benefit sharing legislation thatconducive COGENT information facilitate rationalization Create awareness importance sharing responsibility conservation use cacao diversity Seek dialogue decision making political/administrative bodies country Work towards development implementation access benefit sharing legislation thatconducive CacaoNets proposed policy Facilitate implementation agreed safe movement guidelines cacao quarantine regulations Seek funding opportunities provide advice develop project proposals partners Pro actively create mechanisms structures allow facilitate funding opportunities used Actively engage CacaoNet Our plans next decade Global Strategy consists eight key components illustrated Figure detailed Sections which together will information general management information general management information ICGD total replies question challengeto obtain complete accessions list ex situ information ICGD total replies question challengeto obtain complete accessions list cacao ex situ Information ideas information In Mars Incorporated US Department Agriculture Agricultural Research Service USDA/ARS IBM released preliminary genome sequence information In Mars Incorporated US Department Agriculture Agricultural Research Service USDA/ARS IBM released preliminary cacao genome sequence information itestimated accessions accessions maintained information itestimated accessions accessions maintained information should information should include relevant contacts should developed user friendly context accessible via farmers organization other related communities In Timor Leste factors related adoption improved varieties information sizes farms Processors know if some products getting more popular informationaccessible ICGD which also provides access new informationaccessible ICGD which also provides access new informationretrieved informationretrieved informed ing act partnership others achieve rational system conserving plant ing act partnership others achieve rational system conserving plant ing cooperation host country holding wild material Experience suggests release ing cooperation host country holding wild material Experience suggests release ing invest large budgets hydro agricultural development Itexpected irrigation can make irregularity rains provide water necessary growth development cultivated plants when periods water deficit more ing place them public ing place them public ing place them public ing place them public ing play role three regions Engaging International Plant Protection Convention IPPC intention getting acceptance ing play role three regions Engaging International Plant Protection Convention IPPC intention getting acceptance ing rare palm farmers fields creation population ing take necessary steps make their materials available particularly use breeding programmes CNCC will ing take necessary steps make their materials available particularly use breeding programmes GSCC will INGENIC INGENIC was created promote exchange information international collaboration cocoa INGENIC International Institute Tropical Agriculture IITA International Treaty Plant INGENIC which conducted survey amongst its members launch CacaoNet took place during th International Cocoa INGENIC without stable funding through informal contacts between scientists research institutes implementation two major CFC/ICCO/Bioversity ingly writing erroneous information uplift ingness adopt western lifestyle These specific social behaviours
together change their exposure risks ingness institutional actors increasingly move towards organic agriculture secure market Pacific countries will ingness shared farmers risks INIA Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas Venezuela INIAP Instituto Nacional de Investigaçâo Agrária e des Pescas Ecuador IPGRI International Plant initially been main selection criteria most breeding programmes breeding disease resistance initially been main selection criteria most breeding programmes breeding disease resistance initially focus compiling characterisation evaluation information ex situ initially focus compiling characterisation evaluation information ex situ initially form CNCC currently initially form CNCC currently initially form GSCC currently initially form GSCC currently initially seen relevant were finally removed Initiative ICQC R International Cocoa Initiative Mars Chocolate invests tens millions dollars annually cocoa Initiative support sustainable initiatives also being initiatives large replanting programs private companies innate often underestimated capacity adapt changes their environment Mapping Funafuti island Tuvalu innovation transfer would high level multidisciplinary team including human health specialists As example innumerable precious varieties elders created when travelling inorganic Study cost benefit optional management practices Explore other special management techniques available other countries possibility adopting them
Pacific farmers conditions if possible for example Thailand uses canals support transportation avoid drought References Tittonell P & Giller K E When yield gaps poverty traps paradigm ecological intensification African smallholder agriculture Field Crops Research Traditional agricultural knowledge practices inquiries can also insect attacks Mature nuts fed when they insect transmission insecticide nematicide insects mites weeds plant diseases Biocontrol pest inside plants host them insects spread them inspectors install one These local germplasm management systems must facilitate good flow information back CNCC information portal allow effective management CNCC whole However they must also work level individual genebank which
hold collections other crops spread over install one These local germplasm management systems must facilitate good flow information back GSCC information portal allow effective management GSCC whole However they must also work level individual genebank which
hold collections other crops spread over installation new field gene banks should instance French Polynesia whatcalled local variety”not anymore variety Thisan uncontrolled mixture various traditional varieties instance local Development Bank FDB offers farming instance mature coconuts sampling cracking coconuts conducted statistical basis farm traceability will instance Paris instance Rarotonga Cook Islands farmers traditionally use leaves manage soil Taro plantation but thisnow instance statutory organization helps promote Brand Fiji instance using Dwarf female tall male it needed climb times palms Institute CCI Peru Central Piurana de Cafetaleros CEPICAFE Instituto de Cultivos Tropicales ICT Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva UNAS Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco UNSAAC Thailand Chumphon Horticultural Research Centre CHRC Togo Centre de recherche agronomique de la zone forestière CRAF Trinidad Tobago Cocoa Institute CCI Peru Central Piurana de Cafetaleros CEPICAFE Instituto de Cultivos Tropicales ICT Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva UNAS Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cuzco UNSAAC Thailand Chumphon Horticultural Research Centre CHRC Togo Centre de Recherche Agronomique de la zone Forestière CRAF Trinidad Tobago Cocoa institute few accessions cryopreserved survey genebanks demonstrated level genebank management varies widely depending country resources available value genebankdetermined institute few accessions cryopreserved survey genebanks demonstrated level genebank management varies widely depending country resources available value genebankdetermined Institute James Butubu Peru ICT March Instituto de Cultivos Tropicales Enrique Arévalo Gardini Peru UNAS February Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva Luis Fernando García Carrión Togo CRAF August Centre de recherche agronomique de la zone forestière Komivi Exonam AMETEFE Komlan WEGBE Trinidad Tobago CRU/UWI July Cocoa Institute Papua New Guinea CEPEC Centro de Pesquisas institute s directly questions institutes CEPEC CEPLAC UNAS ICT CRU/UWI ICQC R USDA occasionally further collections
reflect large percentage institutions maintaining collections reporting inadequate financial resources research facilities However majority collections carry out field observations disease pest institutes CEPEC CEPLAC UNAS ICT CRU/UWI ICQC R USDA occasionally further collections
reflect large percentage institutions maintaining collections reporting inadequate financial resources research facilities However majority collections carry out field observations disease pest institutes surveyed reported accessions were maintained field collections institutes surveyed reported accessions were maintained field collections institutional cacao industry country CacaoNet will institutional failure causes chain bad economic consequences— institutional industry country COGENT institutions see annex insufficient export because meatshredded heated Southeast Asia also insufficient investments breeding seednuts production int/bitstream/handle/ / /WPR DPS eng pdf Adoption agricultural innovations intense deforestation intense deforestation intensification which also considers labour aspect producing more food intensify will intentional safety duplication through formal agreement another institute outside country main reasons mentioned lack safety duplication agreements other institutes limited funding staff planting area maintain collections lack national policies conservation intentional safety duplication through formal agreement another institute outside country main reasons mentioned lack safety duplication agreements other institutes limited funding staff planting area maintain collections lack national policies conservation cacao inter specific crossing barrier cacao thus have interactions between food consumption lifestyle infectious environment pathological history individual Unlike dietary risks interactions farmers industryfacing important revival but many plantations now senile improductive Presently most countries can interactive maps can easily accessed information average risks interested female male farmers will interesting accessions These accessions can local one intermediary equipment Depending quantity product along each different step value chain it
relevant give incentives farmers internal costing internal mould between shell kernel Analysis showed came International International International coconut water member CGIAR Consortium global partnership unites organizations engaged research food secure future CGIAR research dedicated reducing rural International acting behalf Consultative Group International Agricultural Research CGIAR Trustan endowment fund ex situ International acting behalf Consultative Group International Agricultural Research CGIAR Trustan endowment fund ex situ International ARS/USDA projects goalto provide worlds crop genebanks powerful flexible
to use global plant International ARS/USDA projects goalto provide worlds crop genebanks powerful flexible
to use global plant International Bioversity International Bioversity International Bioversity international bodies
complicate production International Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement CIRAD Common Fund Commodities CFC Global International Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement CIRAD Centre Agriculture Biosciences Intenrational CABI Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza CATIE Coconut Producers Alliance COPAL Coconut Research Association Ltd CRA Ltd Coconut Research UK Ltd CR UK Ltd Coconut Research Unit University International Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement CIRAD Centre Agriculture Biosciences Intenrational CABI Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza CATIE Cocoa International CGIAR Research Programme Forests Trees International CGIAR Research Programme Forests Trees International CGRD project was initiated International Cocoa International COGENT international collections can often driven specific goal e g black pod resistant accessions countries suffer significant losses dur international collections can often driven specific goal e g black pod resistant accessions countries suffer significant losses dur international collections held CRU/UWI CATIE e g accession tree numbers passport data international collections held CRU/UWI CATIE e g accession tree numbers passport data international collections
local collectionsbest guided results international collections
local collectionsbest guided results international contract authority We support cocoa International contributing authors cannot accept responsibility consequences use information Citation COGENT International contributing authors cannot accept responsibility consequences use information Citation COGENT International COPAL which International COPAL which International Cover International Cover International Disclaimer This International Disclaimer This international donors enable International formally established Registry Base CollectionsBoth Research Unit University International formally established Registry Base CollectionsBoth Cocoa International formerly IPGRI IBPGR Italy BP Black pod disease CABI Centre Agriculture Biosciences International UK COGENT International formerly IPGRI IBPGR Italy BP Black pod disease CABI Centre Agriculture Biosciences International UK CacaoNet Global Network Cacao international funding agencies international funding agencies International Genebanks Trinidad ICG T Costa Rica CATIE but material International Giambelluca T W Nullet D & Nullet M coconut water Agricultural drought southcentral pacific islands Professional Geographer Gitz V & Meybeck coconut water Risks International global base collection since itunder auspices Food Agriculture Organization United Nations FAO cover International global range partners maximize impact develop capacity ensure stakeholders International global range partners maximize impact develop capacity ensure stakeholders International Group International http //www cogent International https //agritrop cirad fr/ //ID pdf Ikin R Pest International IC International Cacao Collection CATIE Costa Rica ICA Instituto Agronomico de Campinas Brazil ICCO International Cocoa International IC International Collection CATIE Costa Rica ICA Instituto Agronomico de Campinas Brazil ICCO International Organization ICCRI Indonesian Coffee Research Institute Indonesia ICGD International Germplasm Database ICG T International Genebank Trinidad Tobago ICI International Initiative ICQC R International Quarantine Centre Reading UK ICS Imperial College Selection ICT Internationalcoconut clone international institutions implement specific global policies FOs linked local development programs specific generally specialized tasks their potentialvery high if they survive initial program whichquite rare Endogenous FOs linked civil society movements diverse functions International IPPC International Plant Protection Convention IPRs Intellectual Property Rights IRAD Institut de recherche agricole pour le développement Cameroon ISC Interim Steering Committee ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System ITPGRFA International Treaty Plant International IPPC International Plant Protection Convention IPRs Intellectual Property Rights IRAD Institut de recherche agricole pour le développement Cameroon ISC Interim Steering Committee ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System ITPGRFA International Treaty Plant International Journal Disaster Risk Science Noy I & Edmonds C Economic Fiscal Burdens Disasters Pacific No CESifo Working Paper PCRAFI Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment Financing Initiative http //pcrafi spc int/ Weber E Trade agreements labour mobility climate change Pacific Islands Regional environmental change ©Cartoonstock com User R _CS B Risks international leadership facilitation public international legal financial framework support its conservation use coconuta vulnerable crop vis coconut water vis its long term sustainable international legal financial framework support its conservation use cocoa international level experts GRIN Global carrying out initial set collaboration local staff Any local information management system will international level experts GRIN Global carrying out initial set collaboration local staff Any local information management system will International member representatives International Montpellier France Escribano P Viruel MA Hormaza JI Comparison different methods construct core germplasm collection woody perennial species simple sequence repeat markers case study Cherimoya Annona cherimola Annonaceae underutilized subtropical fruit tree species Annals Applied Biology Eskes AB Efron Y editors Global Approaches Germplasm Utilization Conservation Final report CFC/ICCO/IPGRI project Coconut Germplasm Utilization Conservation Global ApproachCFC Amsterdam Netherlands/ICCO London UK/IPGRI Rome Italy Fang J Y Wetten coconut water Hadley P Cryopreservation Theobroma L somatic embryos long term germplasm storage Plant Science Fang J Y Wetten coconut water Adu Gyamfi R Wilkinson M & Rodriguez Lopez C Use secondary somatic embryos promotes International Montpellier France Escribano P Viruel MA Hormaza JI Comparison different methods construct core germplasm collection woody perennial species simple sequence repeat markers case study Cherimoya Annona cherimola Annonaceae underutilized subtropical fruit tree species Annals Applied Biology Eskes AB Efron Y editors Global Approaches Cocoa International Montpellier France G Risks International Montpellier France layout design editing publication were done Claudine Picq Karen Lehrer Vincent Johnson Bioversity International Montpellier France layout design editing publication were done Claudine Picq Karen Lehrer Vincent Johnson Bioversity International more information CacaoNet see website www cacaonet org coordinated Global Strategy At present information exchange coordination evaluation improvement cacao international org Bioversity international org Bioversity international org CABI www cabi org CacaoNet www cacaonet org Caobisco www caobisco com CATIE www catie ac cr CBD www cbd int CEPICAFE www cepicafe com pe CEPLAC www ceplac gov br CFC www common fund org CGIAR www cgiar org CIRAD www cirad fr CNRA www cnra ci COPAL www copal cpa org CPCRI www cpcri gov in CPQP www idhsustainable international org CABI www cabi org COGENT international org Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement CIRAD CIRADa French research centre working developing countries tackle international agricultural development issues
targeted research organization bases its operations development needs international org Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement CIRAD CIRADa French research centre working developing countries tackle international agricultural development issues
targeted research organization bases its operations development needs international org/index php id=&user_Bioversity international org/index php id=&user_Bioversity international org/nc/publications/publication/issue/cacao html Girón coconut water Rita C Evaluación del impacto generado por el uso del germoplasma distribuido en el período del al en Costa Rica y otros países y análisis de los costos de conservación en CATIE Tesis sometida consideración de la Escuela de Posgrado como requisito para optar por el grado de Magister Scientiae en Socioeconomía Ambiental Turrialba Costa Rica ICCO
Quarterly bulletin ICCO statistics Available international org/nc/publications/publication/issue/coconut html Girón coconut water Rita C Evaluación del impacto generado por el uso del germoplasma distribuido en el período del al en Costa Rica y otros países y análisis de los costos de conservación en CATIE Tesis sometida consideración de la Escuela de Posgrado como requisito para optar por el grado de Magister Scientiae en Socioeconomía Ambiental Turrialba Costa Rica ICCO
Quarterly bulletin ICCO statistics Available International Organization ICCO indicate coconutproduced mainly small scale farms developing countries across Africa Asia Latin America Around world production international organizations Even funding five international collectionspresently assumed International Parc Scientifique Agropolis II Bd de la Lironde Montpellier Cedex France Tel + b eskes@cgiar org Gilmour Martin Cocoa International Parc Scientifique Agropolis II Bvd de la Lironde Montpellier Cedex France Tel + m ruas@cgiar org Turnbull Chris International Cocoa International PARDI Value Chain Review Pacific Agribusiness Research & Development Initiative http //www pacificfarmers com/wp content/uploads/ / /PARDI CoconutChainReview Nov pdf Thaman R R Elevitch C R & Wilkinson K M Multipurpose trees International previously IPGRI Starting countries COGENT international quarantine centre ICQC R described below safe transfer international quarantine centre safe movement international quarantine centre safe movement cacao international quarantine centre safe movement cacao international reinsurance market References Australian Bureau Meteorology CSIRO Climate Variability Extremes Change Western Tropical Pacific New Science Updated Country Reports Australian Bureau Meteorology Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organization Melbourne https //www pacificclimatechangescience org/wp content/uploads/ / /PACCSAP_CountryReports _WEB_ pdf Foley coconut water M Climate impact assessment islandnessChallenges opportunities knowledge production International ReliefWeb Ongoing disasters monitored ReliefWeb https //reliefweb int/disasters Rhiney K & Ajayi O C Economic impacts climate change priority value chains Caribbean Implications privatesector international reputation producing fine flavour international reputation producing fine flavour cocoa International Thematic Action Groups ITAGs annex International Thematic Action Groups ITAGs annex International Thematic Action Groups ITAGs via APCC SPC via members Google Group Identified international experts were also directly contacted specific purposes leads version Strategy chapters Existing drafts specific sections other documents available were merged consolidated reviewed early June produce version full In late June draft sections Strategy draft movies related strategy were reviewed during dedicated meeting held late June Biover International This worklicensed under Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike Unported License view copy license visit http //creativecommons org/licenses/by nc sa/ Acknowledgements AAA Johnson LLLL This strategy coordinated COGENT International This worklicensed under Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike Unported License view copy license visit http //creativecommons org/licenses/by nc sa/ Acknowledgements This strategy coordinated CacaoNet product expert opinion detailed discussion among diverse stakeholders conservation use cacao International Treaty PGRFA their distribution International Treaty PGRFA their distribution International Via dei Tre Denari /a Maccarese Fiumicino Italy Tel + j engels@cgiar org Last name First name Institute address Email Eskes Bertus Bioversity International Via dei Tre Denari /a Maccarese Fiumicino Italy Tel + s weise@cgiar org Wetten Andy School Biological Sciences Harborne Building University International Via Michelangelo Tamburini Apt Rome Italy Cell + brig lalib@gmail com Lamin Kelvin Malaysian Cocoa Internationala member CGIAR Consortium global partnership unites organizations engaged research food secure future CGIAR researchdedicated reducing rural Internationala world leading research for development non profit organization working towards world which smallholder farming Internationala world leading research for development non profit organization working towards world which smallholder farming internationally current quarantine procedure involves two year visual observation period check latent viral infections supervised experienced virologist facilities plus laboratories fitted latest equipment molecular biology vitro culture enable Internationals banana plantain Musa collectionmaintained Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Belgium International Transit Centre ITC collection comprises approximately accessions maintained vitro require sub culturing every year refreshing every years i e growing out plants greenhouse field testing region origin check somaclonal variation etc Approximately collectioncurrently Internationals banana plantain Musa collectionmaintained Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Belgium International Transit Centre ITC collection comprises approximately accessions maintained vitro require sub culturing every year refreshing every years i e growing out plants greenhouse field testing region origin check somaclonal variation etc Approximately collectioncurrently Internationals purposeto investigate use conservation agricultural biodiversity order achieve
nutrition improve smallholderslivelihoods enhance agricultural sustainability Bioversity Internationals purposeto investigate use conservation agricultural biodiversity order achieve
nutrition improve smallholderslivelihoods enhance agricultural sustainability Bioversity intervening various sets policies put place potential conducive mechanisms towards their effective implementation Nowadays countries import export staple crops other exotic commodities order cover interviews conducted island Kiribati farmers cited drought major cause drop yield needs
collection management databases Implementing new collecting actions endangered traditional varieties Long term actions beyond three years Promoting establishment mechanism identify communicate threats
collection management databases Implementing new collecting actions endangered traditional varieties Long term actions beyond three years Promoting establishment mechanism identify communicate threats cacao
database These visits offered experts many opportunities interact national researchers
many end products exporters Pacific must comply date changing regulations Smallholder farmers developing Pacific countries face additional constraints terms limited access credit capital further develop their farms processing units establishment small mutual agricultural credit unions small farmers
effective
mats mattresses hats etc shells which often used handicrafts charcoal manufacture including treatment produce activated charcoal next step comprises further processing copra
crude oil Pacific Islands farmers transport dehusked coconuts and/or copra oil millers Millers
new areas develops adopts international standards establishes procedures sharing phytosanitary information IPPC Regional Plant Protection Organizations international organizations build phytosanitary capacity identify address risks
new areas develops adopts international standards establishes procedures sharing phytosanitary information IPPC Regional Plant Protection Organizations international organizations build phytosanitary capacity identify address risks
smaller chunks cm rot down quickly will
timber logs intra ecotype sterility introduce resistance genes conventional breeding programmes various cocoa introduced germplasm proportion introduced germplasm varies country country region Upper Amazon high level indigenous intra specific variationoften confounded introduced germplasm introduced materials i e introduced materials i e introduced specific groups clones
cocoa introduced specific groups clones
producing countries West African producing countries e g Côte dIvoire Ghana Nigeria Cameroon main objective was share responsibilities introduction evaluation germplasm has introducing these Introducing tree identifiers accession numbers ICGD allowing specific evaluation introduction case bracts protecting perianth should systematically removed mites breed there seednuts must treated appropriate insecticide fungicide introduction disease region Bahia caused decrease production introductions more than insect biological control agents introductions plant material introductions rhinoceros beetle Oryctes rhinoceros was introduced
Samoa large boat transporting hundreds thousands rubber seedlings early nineteenth century introduced elsewhere Pacific Islands over invading new areasvery important it can difficult eradicate them later Rats frequently found boats ships aircraft stowaways Rats can also swim considerable distances Therefore biosecurity possible entrances must managed import ratsprohibited
out most Pacific island countries including New Zealand Australia Some countries invasion invasive plant animal species pest invested private public invested private public invested private public investing replanting research risk investment acceleration rural Investment Fiji investment R&D review policy options promote its growth developing country agriculture Agribusiness Investment research replanting investment R&D review policy options promote its growth developing country agriculture Agribusiness Stads G J Faylon P S & Buendia L J Agricultural R&D Philippines Policy investments institutional profile No International Food Policy Research Institute IFPRI Regulation quality products investment scaling climate smart agriculture region CTA Taupo T Economics Disaster Risk Resilience Small Island Developing States Wolfert S Ge L Verdouw C & Bogaardt M J Big investment securing availability cacao diversity perpetuity most cost effective manner It should important guiding donors identifying funding priorities coconut water stable long term source funding major cacao collectionsimportant their long term sustainability which must addressed urgency development endowment fund together Global Crop Diversity Trust first priority guarantee effective conservation availability basis cocoa investment securing availability cacao diversity perpetuity most cost effective manner funding conservation use activities cacao investment securing availability cacao diversity perpetuity most cost effective manner CacaoNet will investment securing availability diversity perpetuity most cost effective manner It should important guiding donors identifying funding priorities coconut water stable long term source funding major collectionsimportant their long term sustainability which must addressed urgency development endowment fund together Global Crop Diversity Trust first priority guarantee effective conservation availability basis production investment securing availability diversity perpetuity most cost effective manner funding conservation use activities investment securing availability diversity perpetuity most cost effective manner COGENT investment small countries Land protection policies
also contribute ensure smallholders protected invited more systematic proactive way member countries which succeed join SC meeting will involve providing involve providing involved crosses between Nacional clones highly productive CCNcoconut clone involved crosses between Nacional clones highly productive CCNcoconut clone involves whole supply chain Smart sensors devices produce large amounts involving producing countries previous version strategy was released January was initially supposed cover IPPCgovernIPPCgoverniron there
some advantage inverting B soil horizon irrational Relational risks irrigation therea high low production irrigationnot practiced prolonged dry season lasting four months
adversely affect palms island island carrying seed nuts aspect our opinion Pacific remains unmatched exclusive use traditional knowledge does island nations Countries island other even same country itpreferable move seednuts rather than seedlings when feasible apply same rules case international transfers ©R Plate Preparation transportation coconuts island they first went islands islands across Pacific andimplemented farmer level degree thisproviding Islands Environmental Development Purchasing price products islands Supply factories H Risks islands Supply factories H Socio cultural habits Stakeholdersbeliefs ISO specific situations participatory labels combined producers consumersinitiative offer alternative certification Virgin oil can rated food isolated populations addition imports commodities more more present local markets drive households consumption toward more normative globalized diets long run it
change issues American Journal Agricultural Economics Schwarcz S L Systemic risk Georgetown law journal issues will it it it it Stakeholdersbeliefs it available public it available public it becomes more aggressive effectively smothers weeds When seeds it can included CNCC Each CNCC accession will it can included GSCC Each GSCC accession will it cost how many months will it each case annex it each case annex it invades more islands Pacific region most common CRB S/CRB P biotype also cause damage many producing countries Oryctes rhinoceros commonly called Rhinoceros Beetle it limits growth Chlorine regulates water balance controlling stomatal closure improving osmoregulation capacity under water stress India Sri Lanka when plantations far it might wise over it palm it possible increase fifty percent total number palms it questionthat farmers it seems they eat Oryctes beetle could help control it could indicate we should it take Fair trade certification cannot apply single farmer it was completely renovated propagating original clones establishing them distinct new sites La Molina Turrialba La Lola Atlantic coast CATIE collaborated United States Department Agriculture USDA towards renovation collection its it was demonstrated it was shown resultant somatic embryos could used initiate secondary somatic embryos Maximova et al multiplication rates which were far higher Using secondary somatic embryo protocol Maximova et al encapsulation dehydration system was developed which without optimization per genotype basis gave least recover it worked perfectly Agricultural innovationa socially constructed process Innovation result interaction multitude agents stakeholders If agricultural research extension important agricultural innovation
key issue many tropical developing countries few agricultural products can provide foreign exchange inflows Economic risk remains poorly addressed societies
step program includes identification potential hazards points production italmost impossible eradicate it Italy donors Malaysia India Indonesia Papua New Guinea Samoa Sri Lanka Participation ACIAR meeting Research Development held Samoa November recommendations APCC ministerial meeting held Fiji it
keep crabs let them eat some coconuts Occurrence severity Damage rats other mammalsdifficult quantify but rats can affect production ITC Leuven If it still exists can rescued there will ITC Leuven If it still exists can rescued there will itextracted itextremely difficult get loans since they cannot use land form collateral Mitigation adaptation In Fiji itimpossible remove it hand shellhard quite dangerous break kernelattached too strongly shell it remains too thin firm fibrous Itnot always
make distinction Hybrids
confused itpossible there some grey areas its consumption can harm gums Dwarf types most domesticated varieties In fact more domesticatedforms Tall cultivars well exists farmers fields but most them its consumption can harm gums Thus there remains considerable work breeders upgrade palm status fully domesticated species Regarding tender harvested water consumption husktoo thick water makes its CRP research programme now providing its deep rooting system its ability over its high susceptibility prevailing pest its high susceptibility prevailing pest its involvement conserving its melon shaped pods its member countries publishes monthly newsletters statistical yearbooks fee its members following steps were followed drafting reviewing finalization Based proposed outline Global Strategy identified cacao scientists were contacted solicit technical documentation Existing drafts specific sections other documents available were consolidated its members INGENIC would take place over its members other stakeholders following steps were followed drafting reviewing finalization first draft version was progressively built on former Global Strategy two international surveys conducted prior th Steering Committee Meeting held July international recommendations network reorganization paper produced during SC meeting numerous interviews conducted during visits COGENT its native region other parts world including West Africa South South East Asia Pacific its own regulations pest its partners discussion paper Rome Italy Engels JMM End MJ Turnbull CJ Daymond AJ Cryer N Ruas M Rouard M Global Strategy Conservation Utilization its partners will its set regulations when importing coconuts Since industry evolving rapidly these requirements subject change soon
major challenge small producers Ivory Coast Colombia Pakistan Malaysia Kiribati Ghana Costa Rica Sri Lanka Myanmar Papua New Guinea Kenya Cuba Sultanate Oman Philippines Samoa Madagascar Guyana Thailand Solomon Islands Mozambique Haiti Vietnam Tonga Nigeria Honduras Vanuatu Seychelles Jamaica Tanzania Mexico Trinidad Tobago In Bold Italic International Genebanks In Bold country members COGENT IWP Pacific Technical Report International Waters Project no https //www sprep org/attachments/ _IWP_PTR pdf Loganathan P & Fernando W T Phosphorus sorption some coconutgrowing acid soils Sri Lanka its relationship selected soil properties Journal Science Food Agriculture Muhrizal S Shamshuddin J Husni M H coconut water & Fauziah I Alleviation aluminum toxicity acid sulfate soil Malaysia using organic materials Communications soil science plant analysis Pivot J M & Martin P Farms adaptation changes flood risk management approach Journal Hydrology Weber E Water Pacific islands case studies J Lin coconut water Pirmansah Description risk J Lin coconut water Pirmansah Description risk J Lin J P Alasia J Helsen Agriculture plays crucial role both livelihoods farmers economy addition providing J Lin N Hussein Description risk J Lin N Hussein N Tanawai Each country J Lin R J P Alasia Description J Lin R K Myazoe palma versatile crop J M Sourisseau K Bennett E Tamasese I Bororoa N Hussein Description Referring systemic risk failure functionality farmers organizations FOs can impact farmers access seeds pest J M Sourisseau R Conceptually speaking notion riskbased unrealized event non zero probability happening negatively impacting activities risk becomes proven when it J M Sourisseau R Tautua R Description risk J Poihega R Description coconut water scarcity labour power
drive some farmers neglect their plantation insufficient weeding resulting turn plantation bush heavy competition between plants reducing yields difficulty harvesting loss significant part hidden weeds irregular late harvests leading deterioration quality Lack manpower
also jeopardize economic viability processing factories In agricultural planning competition between crops Jamari Acre Javari Solimões Purus river basins Brazil Chalmers Allen collections wild materials January April January June varied between US US per tonne ICCO making estimated global annual market value between billion USD World production January June varied between US US per tonne ICCO making estimated global annual market value between billion USD World production January meetings Bioversity Java Madagascar Millions small farmers landholders throughout tropics depend their livelihoods annual production Java Madagascar Millions small farmers landholders throughout tropics depend cacao their livelihoods annual production Java traded today With establishment chocolate manufacturing Europe second half eighteenth century increase chocolate consumption North America there was explosion demand requiring yet more cacao cultivated Cacao growing West Africa spread rapidly following introduction Lower Amazonian type called Amelonadodur jeopardize existing trading system which harvesters climb Tall palms jeopardizes replanting programs since old palms Juan Carlos Motamayor Mars Inc Claire Nicklin CCD Salomon Nyassé IRAD Wilbert Phillips CATIE Désiré Pokou CNRA Mario Resende UFLA Eric Rosenquist consultant Juan Carlos Motamayor Mars Inc Claire Nicklin CCD Salomon Nyassé IRAD Wilbert Phillips CATIE Désiré Pokou CNRA Mario Resende UFLA Eric Rosenquist consultant Julie Flood CABI Martin Gilmour Mars Inc Karina Gramacho CEPLAC/CEPEC Bill Guyton WCF Paul Hadley University Julie Flood CABI Martin Gilmour Mars Inc Karina Gramacho CEPLAC/CEPEC Bill Guyton WCF Paul Hadley University just before Christmas When price coconuttoo low farmers Kassel Germany ©R Plate amazing Compact Green dwarf Kaipoacharacteristics husk young fruitstender sweet edible its upper part palm was photographed Katiu atoll Tuamotu French Polynesia It Kenya Tanzania Seeds hybrid MRD x RIT cross between Malayan Red Dwarf Rennell Island Tall which were produced large quantities Yandina were banned Kerala India progeny Chowgat Orange Dwarf farmers know how identify seedlings brown sprouts et al press these farmersfields Dwarf varieties were available until least Shortt One these Dwarf coconutsnamed Chowgat Orange Dwarf COD whichmainly autogamous When it reproduces true typeselfing colour sprout kernel pulverized formed
solid blocks can broken
chunks added sauces key invasive species see also separate sections pest kg copra per tree depending RIT parent was average higher than 'VTT Elite' advanced cultivar obtained killed killed because trap Other examples illustrate possible negative impact successful adoption innovation French Polynesia we observed seedlings rarest varieties Compact Red Dwarfs were stolen over kills it altogether thus extending perishable beverage's shelf life Most waterpasteurized via one following methods HPP form coldpasteurization which packaged beveragesubmerged under water subjected high pressure Harm less king tides tsunamis Federated States Micronesia concrete boxes Kiribati In VI Grover Kiribati Tuvalu often positioned frontline victims climate change must anticipate future uninhabitability their homelands Climate changeexpected generate amplify human mobility Some Pacific Islands widely viewed likely sites climaterelated migration displacement resettlement instance Fiji Kiribati will know Although farmer's representation does know misuse antibiotics can result antibiotic resistant pathogens know Niu utongau know which area corresponded one hectare becomes risk when associated opinion national farmers best Those knowledgegenerally adapted local contexts but tends replaced modern standardized agricultural methods Therea risk useful traditional knowledge practices will known insect transmits foliar decaya small planthopper called Myndus taffini see http //coconutpest known recommended cultivars It
become possible import advanced clones knows knowsUnfortunately many situations it happens one Kosher Halal GMO free glyphosate free Some large retailers also labelling While private labels were first proliferate many countries now labour intensive approach utilizes same secondary somatic embryos but high concentration sucrose pre culture now widely used Plant Vitrification Solution PVS labour land They labour mobility safeguarded While agreement lack adequate long term funding ensure it can conserved utilized effectively Moreover lack adequate long term funding ensure it can conserved utilized effectively Moreover lack formal credit profile farmers cost developing one Information asymmetry occurs when instance during economic transaction one party lack funding puts material risk lack funding puts material risk lack information compare similar accessions making it difficult rationalize their management study International Germplasm Database ICGD University lack information compare similar accessions making it difficult rationalize their management study International Cacao Germplasm Database ICGD University lack information traits accessions lack information traits accessions lack reliable evaluation methods especially lack reliable evaluation methods especially lack secure guaranteed link between investment agricultural labour purchase inputs return investment whichvery often lack standards many these countries their remote locations Anticipating fast changing phenomenon
help mitigate possible constraints farmers other stakeholders value chain producing countries To gain access become competitive international market countries stakeholders must ensure they date most lack sufficient regular national funding researchanother example risk was removed situation occurs many countries Pacific region Along value chains same five categories risks lack voice influence governland clearing proper spacing intercropping then pay farmers land farmhouse construction purchase farm equipment seedlings maximum term loans years FDB land grab Smallholders depends their land survival In relational riskwas defined concern firms
land management practices Pacific Island Countries Regional environmental change Martin P C Nunn P Leon J & Tindale N Responding multiple climate linked stressors remote island context example Yadua Island Fiji land many cases not owned them share cropping Most standing coconuts landraces Land Marine Affairs MFPLMA Trinidad Tobago http //sta uwi edu/cru/ Common Fund Commodities CFC CFCan inter governland other purposes will land pressure In vitro collections tissue culture agar land which these facilities will land will landscaper local reseller agricultural officer researcher policy maker consumer craftsman processing lap CIAT collection collectionmaintained both field vitro approximately one third collection lap CIAT collection collectionmaintained both field vitro approximately one third collection laps between systems large animals large animals Pest large animals Pest large areas large mottled seed Tanzania variety J yielded kg dry matter/ha Tanzania 'Somerset' yielded kg /ha Other cultivars include 'String less large number seedlings collected large number seedlings collected large number taro varieties No agronomic reason could justify large occurrences dramatic consequences production large one large plantations Strategies recommended some visiting experts would large scale farms concerned choice shift large seednuts coming large spectrum wild populations still exists sponta neously different populations morphologically variable but thereno reproductive barrier between them centre diversity cacaoin upper Amazonian rainforest region series major river systems Peru Ecuador Colombia Venezuela Brazil flow
Marañón Amazon River Among others these include rivers Chambira Huallaga Japura Javari Morona Nanay Napo Negro Nucuray Pastaza Purus Putumayo Santiago Tigre Ucayali Urituyacu largely been abandoned However therelittle information largely been abandoned However therelittle information largely depend genebank management systems adopted e g GRIN Global In order access additional information available largely depend genebank management systems adopted e g GRIN Global In order access additional information available larger quantity oil largest fruits without taking account their composition using small germinated seednuts forgotten farms these practices
even reduce yields intensity selection selection pressure low largest gene bank world without devoting dedicated land activity Vanuatu should play leading regional role training centre technical activities related breeding germplasm conservation Fiji larvae can completely removed Organic manure coir dust heaps should properly disposed last decade last decade Occurrence severity Policy makers last eight years CATIE´s breeding programme last eight years CATIE´s breeding programme last one assess fruit setting monthes depending countries harvest seednutsmade last years different later which laterite soils shallow rock layer laws border controls can also assist successful biosecurity mentioned above ensuring compliance effective phytosanitary protocols leaching action intense rainfall leaders planting palms leading study industry experts assess these cacao propagation leading study industry experts assess these propagation leads kind mummification loss traditional flavourHerea surprising story taro varieties Vanuatu ethnologist visited farm observed farmer was using leaf explants glass tubes scientists can obtain callus lease land farm inputs equipment investment storage other unforeseen costs Agricultural technical changes often take place under auspices development organizations regional multilateral focus liaison local dedicated ministries These technical changes particularly justified when they contribute counteract risks leasing land prioritize help replanting senile plantations segmenting communities within each region targeted specific products National policies Increase communication between private public least even if they interested they can least maintain soil fertility biological activity maintain optimal levels fertility strengthen health plants enhance their resistance pest leave husk leaves big heap plantation without distributing them restoring them soil Agricultural manpowerlacking farmer will leaves leaf yellowing dur led abandonment many farms Central West Africa Resistance black pod led complex fragmented system regulations duplication over led decline industry s What were factors led collapse multi million dollar industry What interventions led failure large expensive projects other hand faulty led growing demand oils products general elevating prices once again make viable investment commercial agricultural commodity Coconut agriculturenow two speed economic phenomenon Some countries led some practitioners develop concept integrated disaster risk management DRM There is strong push integrate two fields DRR CCA enhance aid effectiveness and reduce confusion targeted communities Globally around islands enclose fifth worlds biodiversity certainly more than diversity coastal zones include least two thirds plantations most growing countries islands NareshKumar et al coconut water less less less less less less less level assurance quality level processing husks which can transformed
coir which can levels medium long term Occurrence severity Between already discussed risk description n° number palms levels microbiological contamination general product safety additives hygiene health claims There levels pest levels producers However natural risk economic risk often liaison Governlicense approved buyers/collectors cut down middle man promote local market value added products revive local consumption segmenting communities within each region targeted specific products labelling products recruit competent agricultural extension officers working exclusively Organize access financing micro financing governlife item which makes no allowance inflation like it water obtained lost slightly opalescent characteristic specific water looked just like plain water We likely evolve bottled water whole mature immature fruits virgin oil Occurrence severity In U S according FSMA website likely infesting commodity flows carried food non food products seednuts seedlings pollen likely require additional training
best carried out regional likely require additional training
best carried out regional likely those limited limited access financial loans many end taking loans limited Coconuta perennial crop yields individual palms limited linkages between genebanks potential end users cacao many other crop plants problemespecially serious case situ on farm conservation traditional farmersvarieties increasingly wild relatives which largely found developing countries scarcity economic resources these countriesnot limited linkages between genebanks potential end users many other crop plants problemespecially serious case situ on farm conservation traditional farmersvarieties which largely found developing countries Access germplasm information key traits interest breedersan essential condition plant breeding research agricultural development National laws restrict access plant limited mother trees limited mother trees limited number practical breeders involved breeding e g seven Africa which produces world coconut Although evaluation collections farmersselections limited number practical breeders involved cacao breeding e g seven Africa which produces world cocoa limited private companies which limited probably no more than limited resources combat pest limited supply material processing stage value chain Pacific however Limits Climate Change Adaptation pp Springer Cham Jayashree L S Palakkal N Papageorgiou E I & Papageorgiou K Application fuzzy cognitive maps precision agriculture case study yield management southern Indias Malabar region Neural Computing Applications Kench P S Thompson D Ford M R Ogawa H & McLean R F Coral islands defy sea level rise over limits initiatives producers FOs central key organizationthat itcoordinated address value chain gaps would otherwise severely restrict ability individuals access market Successful farmer organizations those formed under line work Itoutside line work Research should find ways reduce painstaking work plantations fact many technical solutions already available questionto convince farmers use them References R Harvesting coconuts horses Brasil [Film] https //www youtube com/watch v=ZGa CCPPaM Singh Peterson L & Iranacolaivalu M Barriers market subsistence farmers Fiji line workundertaken While it not good systematically replace work humans machines solutions must found Agricultural work even if itrepetitive does linedefined organization which complex workbroken down
elementary hierarchical tasks execute successively repetitively each jobholderassigned physically fixed position link existing international databases link existing international databases linked agricultural practices linked agricultural practices farming linked climate change hazards linked climate change hazards Cyclones tropical storms tsunamis Drought Flooding king tides landslides Temperature other climate hazards B Risks linked diversity linked economics marketing linked economics marketing Purchasing price products Finance insurance business profitable business aromatic water Cost organic fair trade certification Trading accessibility remote farms linked impacting cultural habits linked impacting cultural habits Stakeholdersbeliefs linked organizational policy issues linked organizational policy issues Investment research replanting Regulation quality products Replanting projects relevant beneficiaries Farmers organizations Shift other crops linked organizational policy issues R J M Sourisseau & J Lin J Eds Risk Management Mitigation Manual Pacific Region pp Land Resources Division SPC Coconut Risk Management Mitigation Manual Pacific Region Compiled R J M Sourisseau J Lin CIRAD UMR AGAP F Montpellier France AGAP Univ Montpellier CIRAD INRA Montpellier SupAgro Montpellier France CIRAD UMR ART DEV F Montpellier France ART DEV CIRAD Univ Montpellier CNRS Université de Perpignan via Domitia Doctoral Researcher Research Training Group Global Food Transformation Global Agri Food SystemsUniversity linked pest linked pest linked planting material linked planting material Efficient diversified planting material Methods selecting parent palms linked policies value chain References Codex Alimentarius Commission Codex general standard fruit juices nectars Codex Stand Kim H S & Ncube M Agriculturalsector linked post harvest processing linked post harvest processing Harvest post harvest handling Aflatoxins bacteria chemicals Palatability practicality products G Risks linked post harvest processing varied across region specific products processing methods each participant value chainproducing variation across wide diversity actors makes specific identification post harvest issues challenging Food quality safety central issues today's consumer driven societies linked value chain well assessed prioritized it will linking key partners Global Strategy including working closely INGENIC These initiatives funded and/or facilitated thanks support liquor butter powder behalf its members ECA monitors reports development impacting cocoa liquor butter usually combined sugar milk other ingredients form chocolate addition its use food cocoa liquorpressed extract fat known cocoa list List acronyms abbreviations ABS Access Benefit Sharing ACIAR Australia Centre International Agricultural Research ARS Agricultural Research Service USDA USA AVRDC World Vegetable Center PBCU Black Pod Unit Solomon Islands BCCCA Biscuit Cake Chocolate Confectionery Association UK Bioversity List acronyms abbreviations ABS Access Benefit Sharing ACIAR Australia Centre International Agricultural Research ARS Agricultural Research Service USDA USA AVRDC World Vegetable Center PBCU Black Pod Cocoa List acronyms abbreviations annex List acronyms abbreviations annex List contributors order acceptance invitation participate Name Given Name Email Institution Country Roland roland @cirad fr CIRAD France Sourisseau Jean Michel jean michel sourisseau@cirad fr CIRAD France Lin Jessie jessie lin@uni goettingen de Gottingen University list establishing link between alternative names international names NEED international cultivars name list clarified List institutes cacao ex situ List institutes cacao ex situ List participants Reading meeting June annex List participants Reading meeting June Last name First name Institute address Email Amores Freddy Programme INIAP Estación Experimental Tropical Pichilingüe Km vía Quevedo Empalme Casilla postal Quevedo Ecuador Tel + // famores ec@gmail com Arevalo Enrique Instituto de Cultivos Tropicales ICT Av Cerro Escalera MzC Lte Urb Las Praderas Banda del Shilcayo Tarapoto San Martín Peru Tel /fax / Cell ++ e arevalo@ict peru org e arevalo ict@terra com pe Arevalo Enrique Instituto de Cultivos Tropicales ICT Jr Santa María Banda del Shilcayo Tarapoto San Martín Peru Tel /fax / e arevalo ict@terra com pe Cryer Nick School Biological Sciences Lyle Building University list populations was List some important wild cacao germplasm List some important wild cacao germplasm listed annex listed annex lists costs „optimizing collections e g bringing seed collections
long term storage lists costs „optimizing collections e g bringing seed collections
long term storage lists institutes lists institutes Lists participants meeting held Montpellier June annex Lists participants meeting held Montpellier June Last name First name Institute address Email Amores Freddy Programme INIAP Estación Experimental Tropical Pichilingüe Km vía Quevedo Empalme Casilla postal Quevedo Ecuador Tel + // famores ec@gmail com annex lists those widely distributed commonly used Upper Amazon Forastero accessions listed accessions little little little little little access information and/or financial services available especially farmers more mountainous remote island coastal regions Even when financial institutions available they mostly concentrated cities little Criollo cocoa little fermentation give delicate chocolate flavour used production little room maneuver few policy tools In addition market governliving palms loaded certain times year while other times they operate less loan schemes aimed different economic purposes There microfinance schemes aimed smaller producers starting entrepreneurs general loan can potentially assist farmers purchase land transportation retail trade coconut water way mitigate long unproductive period plantationto practice intercropping Additional income loans Holly I Pilgraim R Narasimhan K Chopra P & Gupta V Improving financial well loans producers processors Loans can used purchase farming loans Retrieved lobby soybean producers financed extensive communication campaigns against oil Caricaturing lobby funded studies unethical scientists local communities can achieve medium scale water but if larger governlocal cultivars which were selected farmers themselves local farmers USD per kg sent final customers USD per kg still fair tradelabelled possible recommendation but whom whom could price sold final consumer should local genebanks inclusion their breeding trials Maintaining black pod witchesbroom enhancement programmes CRU/UWI frosty pod CATIE continue make available best selections ICQC R Introducing accessions diverse resistance witchesbroom frosty pod
West Africa
South East Asia breeding programmes Long term actions beyond three years Continuing evaluation CNCC materials interest breeders Continuing germplasm enhancement programmes CRU/UWI CATIE ensure best selections continue local genebanks inclusion their breeding trials Maintaining black pod witchesbroom enhancement programmes CRU/UWI frosty pod CATIE continue make available best selections ICQC R Introducing accessions diverse resistance witchesbroom frosty pod
West Africa
South East Asia breeding programmes Long term actions beyond three years Continuing evaluation GSCC materials interest breeders Continuing germplasm enhancement programmes CRU/UWI CATIE ensure best selections continue local global scale CIRAD hand in hand local people local environment complex ever changing issues food security ecological intensification emerging diseases future agriculture developing countries etc CIRAD supports both producers players further downstream supply chain developing scientific technical innovations aimed ensuring sustainable local global scale CIRAD hand in hand local people local environment complex ever changing issues food security ecological intensification emerging diseases future agriculture developing countries etc CIRAD supports both cocoa local hybrids yielding local information management system already assessing minimum level local expertise IT equipment needed training requirements initial set customization Long term actions beyond three years Ensuring appropriate level record keeping collections working tree level potential uptake GRIN Global development CNCC information portal will local information management system already assessing minimum level local expertise IT equipment needed training requirements initial set customization Long term actions beyond three years Ensuring appropriate level record keeping collections working tree level potential uptake GRIN Global development GSCC information portal will local national levels In some Pacific island countries people harvesting selling Local political commercial constraints can reduce their profits local processors Before making chocolate beans local processors Before making cocoa local Talls However if you look carefully local traders transmission ports export local traders transmission ports export local vendor locally Developing locally Developing localordinary located close houses located Pollen located small farm around started die Trapping Oryctes beetle pheromonesa widely used method oil palm many countries but located specific sites CANGIS will located specific sites CANGIS will located specific sites GSCC accessions their availability will located specific sites International collections their availability will locatedlegally recognized Location composition COGENT Location composition COGENT locations locations locations could considered locations could considered Lockwood End Wood Lass Bartley Toxopeus Kennedy table logistic coordination policies implementation Once again survey insists weak incentives offered production long distances Novel areas offer new environmental conditions novel naivehosts enabling pest long involvement research support cocoa long period time amongst members cocoa long period time amongst members research community long sea crossings involved see Figure Cacao Criollo Amelonado Trinitario types was introduced long shelf life melting point long term availability good quality cocoa long term competitiveness prospects world cocoa long term global network partners global system safe exchange cacao germplasmstrengthened use cacao long term global network partners global system safe exchange germplasmstrengthened use long term global network partners maintaining most important diversity long term global network partners maintaining most important diversity long term global network partners maintaining most important diversity cacao long term global network partners maintaining most important diversity cacao long term health development children lack long term Many national collections struggling keep their material alive Global Strategy calls first priority development endowment fund long term Many national collections struggling keep their material alive In order safeguard security diversity which world depends production long term Many national collections struggling keep their material alive Global Strategy calls first priority development endowment fund long term Many national collections struggling keep their material alive In order safeguard security cacao diversity which world depends cocoa long term time investment fields research instance long time farmer long time Farmers did longer time frame will longer time frame will look like production loose its certification related markets Organic production lose good taste lose organic certification but avoid complete destruction plantation lose organic certification but avoid complete destruction plantation lose rapidly required investment start improve loss it populations conserved one genebank loss particularly dur loss particularly dur losses losses lossmuch higher should also more accurately evaluated Field experiments new planting designs based palm grouping expert opinion farmers should lost lost lost because cultural changes globalization fact thisalready happening but ithappening increasingly it remains risk This riskconcerning lost replaced modern standardized ones most efficient agriculture would obtained studying understanding recording traditional knowledge its local context merge it modern techniques when needed Traditional knowledge low availability seed selected varieties farmers make use open pollinated seeds low availability seed selected varieties farmers make use open pollinated seeds low Coconut Low High proposed accordance online survey exchanges conducted during meeting held December Fiji low incidence disease low incidence disease found pods budwood should also collected landraces it will low incidence disease found pods budwood should also collected landraces it will low multiplication rate palm these mixes little interest breeders except some cases searching disease resistances As indicated chapter can seen partially domesticated species Amazing can found palms low populations Pacific region some efforts should dedicated study natural enemies region Predator performance mite
impaired presence second prey species In Moorea Island damage observed R nuts Compact Red Dwarf Variety looked similar mite attacks needs further observation qualified entomologist References Aratchige N S Kumara coconut water D N T & Suwandharathne N I mite Current global scenario Economic Ecological Significance Arthropods Diversified Ecosystems pp Singapore Springer Coconut Research Institute Sri Lanka Pest low yields
lead poverty economic vulnerability difficulty responding shocks Even if some Pacific farmers Lower Amazon materials formed basis cacao breeding programmes worldwide set s s Upper Amazon parents lower can add useful micro organisms lower organoleptic taste value Thus driven consumers requirements competition between brands regulations likely evolve discriminate between these two different kinds water will lower production lower yield but some these lower yield but some these ly ly African exporter ly aggressive business practices unequal competition land grabbing There should national regulatory body restricted ly agreed Nagoya Protocol access benefit sharing biodiversity part Convention Biological Diversity CBD will ly agreed Nagoya Protocol access benefit sharing biodiversity part Convention Biological Diversity CBD will ly agricultural political leader Western world admitted publicly he did ly appointed new ly attacked nine main brands water They argue manufacturers ly been articulated published COGENT ly been studied factor most strongly related adoption farmers was having relationship grower improved varieties closeness relationship Dissemination strategies should embrace social relationships Actions undertake Extension services should ly breeding ly breeding ly collecting missions ly conducted advanced genomic studies tolerance salt Climate risk leads farmers when feasible disperse their agricultural work over ly conducted French Polynesia Fiji ly Côte dIvoire Eradication diseased trees ly created strong synthetic composite material directly inspired molecular structure stem References Abeywardena V Cyclone damage plantations Ceylon Planters Rev Aisha N coconut water Stephen R & Manju R V Evaluation Selectively Fertilized Hybrids Cocos nucifera L Water Use Efficiency Under Moderate Water Stress Journal Plant Science Research Asian Development Bank Economics
yahoo.co.in hanna.shipping .ph .ph .ph .ph .ph .sg .vn .vn 115prasanna 168export.org 168exports.org 1968exportcorp.ph 4trade 4trade a.pansacola a_glushko a_glushko a_lakshamana a_schonbrunn a_vikram aak aak aak aarhuskarlshamn aaron aaron_matti ab2btrader abakaholdings abbasi abdeenthamseer abethlorenzana abiossa abmauri.lk aboissa.br abouelouafa accorexporters accounts accounts accouts acecont2000 achchu7 achchu7 achfood achrishan acme-hardesty acmenutrition acsbusiness activecarbonindia acumen.global adamexpo adamjee adamjeelukmanjee adgothong adgothong adikari adikari.adikari adityabirla adj adm admin admin admin admin admin admin admin admin admin admin adrian.hindarto adroit adrrarspil adsorbentcarbons ady_ip73 aemarg afcon.lk afp afra_trading aft17 aftacorporation agncoconut agnescristobal agnutriceutical agrex agrexinc agricoir agrilife.co.th agrindtechphils agripro.tr agriproj agriproj agrirom.ro agro agrocraft agrocraft agrokortrgovina agrokortrgovina.hr agrosoil ahmed_overses aibeuytan a-iida aimtop95 aimtop95 airtelmail.in aishamendra aitkenspence.lk ajangroup.fj ajayindustries ajith ajithpliyanage ajithpliyanage ajsexp ajwalanka akbar akbar aken akilagroup akilesh0007 akvoils alamayasm alberto.zanelli alcompanyinfo alemdar alemdar alemdar.tr alex alibros alicup aliyun allan_ambil alleppeyco alliancelk allsayo allwincoirproducts yahoo.co.in almaco aloe-best aloe-best aloharepro aloyexpo aloysiusw alpexlanka alp-jonson alp-naranji alpy.mng alwani amagcase amal amano amazingfoodscorp ambanco ambancotraging.org ambrish ambrosiaexports amdchandra amdchandra amee amiableagromachines amilag ampolfood ampolfood amsterdamgreenhouses andamanplantations andcoirproducts andersonintl andre andreoti.impianti andrew.f.mcclure andyalbao andywiseng anekacargo anfalti angelo angeltraing angleitner-doa.at angsa anhduongsao ani.ph aniera2u anilmenonchittith anithas anna annaaluminium annagroup annaindustriesmpa annubha anoma.g anshome anstons anthoneys_fiber antison.engineering antradingltd anucoco2007 anukk anurajag anverally anyaj aol aol aol aol aol aol aol aol aperera apm.ph appu_krishnamurthy apv.aarhus arabo araliyaccl aramji_9 arangfactory archsubra areesmmc argentina argo.ba argroup ar-groups aries.farmco arif_mohamed21 arifenterprise arikkatoilindustries ariston aristons aristons aristons arjun arma.eg arminco arnoldlimjr artsalz_1971 artware50 arul_marimuthu arun arun_sofen aruna arunacoir asagriexp asconoilltdnig ash ash.kathilak ashokhabib asiaagri asiabrusg asiabrush asiancuttings asianet.lk asiapacific asiapacific asiatic.co.th asiri17 aspinwallgroup astaaguedaent asterauz_10 astroagrifarm astudayar asunbros athula atlantapoland.pl atoorman attglobal attglobal avafina avafina avatarcorp avers.odessa.ua avi.jkt awadhootagro awicklanka axisindustrial.co.nz axon ayambrand ayanthi.fer aydogan ayesha1 Aykut.ulker aylinalkan aytantuco aytantuco aytantuco azadcogzb azukarorganics b.potter b.versele b_amarasiri b3engineering babj baduwattadc baguiooil baiverth bakercommodities balajiplast balers balikbayanhandicrafts balikukayu balurspl bambi_mla banambarpatra bandarabes banjobolt baraka.lk barakat57 barbara_zust barco.co.id barcopt barefoot.lk barentz.nl barry-callebaut bateco.bh batelco.bh baurs bbcnett bbtrading bccl bctrathna bdcom bdimpex20 bdonline bdonline behnmeyer.my beirabrush beiragroup belanatureorganics beligala bellosmillwork belmobeef belummaharadc benb benchmarkint bencooil benelco2003 benfresh benjaminuy benny.badenas bensonsr bermaprocesys bestcoir betaconnusantara betrimex betrimex.vn bevan bfi.ph bg bgi bgi.co.id bgl.vsnl bgprabathudayajith bhuston bicpcpp biecolink bigpind bigtreefarms bigtreefarms bijly biocell biocell bioengineering bioengineering bioessence.ph biofert biofoodslk biogreeners biomass-evergreen bioriginal bioworldinc bismicoir bismitraders biz1429 bkfc bkk.th blocksom Blossom_peat blue.ocn.ne.jp bluewin.ch bm-develop bm-ecogreenoleo bmit bngksamb bogamuwadcmill bom2.vsnl.in 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daber dabur dadams daeshinplus dai dailaherbals daintee daisen daisenin dalisaysweets dalisaysweets damamk damayanthipinto damayanthipinto damitha dammika dammika dammika dammika dammika dan dan danish daothong1999 dasacoir dasatrade dasco.co.id dataone.in dataone.in davetrac davey davis.co.nz daysanun dc dcccdvo.ph dcfonacier dcjaya dckithsiri dcpsco dd ddpolo debbie.mellis decor décor deddy deegayu deepakshankar36 deepamexpo deepap81 delco delicesdelaforet delightplus2010 delimal delmage delmage delmageexp delmageexp delphiaprimajaya denis dennis dennis deocampoche deranaexports derek.wadau deroexport deshpande desico destek.co.za devaraj develingtrade.nl devi devi.wow.lk devid devinda88 deyal dh_sitorus dhacreation.lk dhaka dhanaminternational dhanushreeoilmills dhas1601 dhashaaimports&exportspvt dhawalagiri dhenet.ph dhp dhs_vishnu dialog.sl dialognet.lk dialogsl dialogsl dialogslt diamond.lanka diana diana diane.halbert dianjkt dicky_sumakul dicky_sumakul dicl.lk dicoco.br 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Climate Change Pacific Asian Development Bank Dupon J F Risque cyclonique et agriculture dans les territoires français du Pacifique M Eldin Ed Le risque en agriculture pp IRD Editions Labouisse J P Sileye T & Hamelin C New observations resistance cultivars tropical cyclones Vanuatu CORD Research Development Laganier R Contribution à l'étude des processus d'érosion et des risques naturels dans les iles du sud ouest pacifique Nouvelle Calédonie et iles Salomon Texte imprimé Doctoral dissertation Lille Marty G Le Guen V & Fournial T Cyclone effects plantations Vanuatu Oléagineux Vijayan K P Krishnasamy V & Louis I H Effect planting depths growth nut yield ability withstand cyclone east coast tall variety coconut Indian journal Drought ly danger extinction could generate lucrative nichemarket Samoan communities Australia elsewhere will ly developed methods cultivation much more productive than those practiced Pacific region Indeed occurs even if noted R Thaman traditional agroforestry practices once ly developed National Organic Policies Occurrence severity Non regulated organic markets include whole Pacific Australia New Zealand Hong Kong Singapore December New Zealand started discussions organic stakeholders regulate organic certification Pacific region Pacific Organic Ethical Trade Community POETCom set Participatory Guarantee Systems PGS Built foundation trust social networks knowledge exchange they certify producers based active participation stakeholders Outside Pacific region label organic ly developed Pacific region et al Hegde et al modern representation Pacific people's palm often appears ambivalent collective Western imagination palm ly developed Pakistan other bio control agents References Bedford G O Possibility Evolution Culture Oryctes Nudivirus Rhinoceros Beetle Oryctes rhinoceros Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Dynastinae Advances Entomology R Hussein N Dore D Technical recommendations ly developed R V Kumar V Mataora These databases should conceived implemented link other existing farmers databases They should also integrate Geographical Information Systems meeting noted nothing can replace well designed regular sustainable ly developed s many islandersfamilies ly discover ly done cacao resistances black pod witches' broom disease frosty pod will ly eight new bi parental crosses ly eight new bi parental crosses ly established breeding trials Ghana Estimated budget USD annual budget international multi evaluation sites Improving documentation sharing information germplasm COGENT ly established breeding trials Ghana Estimated budget USD annual budget international multi evaluation sites Improving documentation sharing information germplasm objectiveto develop portal accessing relevant information key component establishment management use GSCC GSCC information portal will ly established European Industry Cocoa ly explained putting tin ground when you plant it allows palm ly extended its commitment sustainable ly fixed biannual associated COCOTECH meetings Asian Pacific Community Piggy backing two meetings same location will ly found diseased cooking banana plants close border PNG Bougainville Magusaiai Island DNA analysis showed it was closely related BCS phytoplasma phytoplasma known Banana Wilt Associated Phytoplasma BWAP found some areas PNG ly grown worldwide exponential level s water pure ly introduced andendemic PNG studies BCS PNG ly introduced Fiji ly introduced health product based coconut Make sure benefits new innovations/developments shared equally local community More broadly avoid marginalization collective action should enhanced reinforced When innovation changes brought collectively respecting customs pathways rules social reception acceptance improved References O'Flynn T Macken Walsh Á Lane coconut water & High C Farmers doing it themselves how farmer inventors frustrated their interactions Agricultural Knowledge Innovation System th European International farming ly introduced plant ly invested replanting Samoa Pacific region progress endeavour must followed retrieve less ly involved testing new conservation approaches together COGENT ly much information ly proposed evaluate susceptibility islands climate change using four physical quantifiable variables island rock type lithology island shape circularity maximum elevation area These four physical variables were used determine dimension less ly released two short movies see Referencessection first one ly Secretariat Pacific Community SPC non voting members COGENT ly selected accessions held these two international collections ly selected accessions held these two international collections ly some progress ly turned Tuna factory Similar situations encountered many Pacific countries ©R Plate modern oil palm nursery Solomon Islands If large companies succeed to manage ly updated framework project ”Upgrading international genebanks evaluating accessionsfunded global Crop Diversity Trust leaded Bioversity ly used direct consumption health care products cosmetics etc but ly vegetative propagation through somatic embryogenesis ly vegetative propagation through somatic embryogenesis ly yield efficiency dry cocoa ly yield efficiency dry yield divided stem section LYLD coconut water common mistaketo confuse symptoms LYLDs damage caused lightning which can kill ten LYLD presently found Pacific region Bogia Syndrome BCS Papua New Guinea PNG phytoplasmanot considered M coconut water M Gruber R T McKenzie R Tautua N S Aratchige Description main risks M coconut water M Gruber R T McKenzie S B Woruba Pest M Ghanem C S Ranasinghe R Description In addition cyclones tsunamis drought flooding countries Pacific affected frequent natural hazards smaller magnitude risk m years old Fruits leaves fall people house roofs cars cause damage People especially children fall when climbing palms maca Lepidium meyenii yam bean Pachyrhizus spp can maintained seed There no robust cryopreservation protocols although some workbeing done oca these crops maca Lepidium meyenii yam bean Pachyrhizus spp can maintained seed There no robust cryopreservation protocols although some workbeing done oca these crops machine deposited foot trees machine learning [Video Webinar] http //www fao org/e agriculture/news/e agriculture webinardriving financial inclusion smallholder farmers leveraging satellite machine learning help create credit profiles financial inclusion smallholder farmers example real time monitoring location condition croplands
enable machines well developed affordable India Sri Lanka Use cover Madang Province made according agreed procedures specifications care planted palms made actual contribution cacao improvement yet Figure Figure Species richness genus Theobroma Left figure observed species richness minute grid cells circular neighbourhood decimal degree Right figure modelled species richness minute grid cells Source Thomas et al these related species produce fruits potential commercial value mainly because sweet seed surrounding pulp but made availability made available made available potential users what major plans needs constraints regards information management over made available potential users what major plans needs constraints regards information management over made
VCO made it possible start using molecular markers carry out Marker Assisted Selection MAS techniquecurrently made transmission malaria humans less made will mail following address Martin Gilmour Cocoa main markets Farmers traders find it unprofitable transport processing centres especially when prices low In industry some products like water virgin oil main riskassociated capital smallholders Information international regulationsusually published online especially exports large economies like United States EU Australia Available links are https //www fda gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/HACCP/ucm htm https //www fda gov/food/guidanceregulation/fsma/ https //www cbi eu/market information/processed fruit vegetables edible nuts/coconut water/europe/ http //www acp int/sites/acpsec waw be/files/acpdoc/public documents/NL% EN pdf regional organization Pacific Trade Investment main stem these suckers often injured die main tool control andtherefore maintain replicates each accession different sites security reasons improvement collectiona priority further reorganization order improve accuracy efficiency maintaining collection www catie ac cr Cocoa maintain specific high quality maintain specific high quality maintain system initial set system will maintain system initial set system will maintained collections safe keeping Domestication cacao Cacao was domesticated least years ago Mesoamerica diverse uses cacao led it maintained ex situ maintained ex situ maintained ex situ maintained ex situ maintained ex situ maintained ex situ maintained field genebanks living trees maintained field genebanks living trees maintained In Côte dIvoire Marc Delorme Research Centre MDC founded houses International Gene Bank Africa Indian Ocean IGCAIO collection managed under international convention Agricultural Research Centre Côte d'Ivoire CNRA crucial relevance international community fact over maintained living trees maintained living trees maintained situ on farm conservation cacao In situ on farm conservation cacao germplasm refers maintenance cacao maintained thin layer less maintained vitro and/or field further back true seed maintained vitro and/or field further back true seed maintaining collection maintaining material medium long term storage electricity costs like major aim Africa Papua New Guinea Trinidad Vascular streak dieback VSD Caused fungus Oncobasidium theobromae found South East Asia causing major losses particularly Indonesia Malaysia PNG Resistance vascular streak dieback was successfully selected field s s Malaysia Indonesia Papua New Guinea Parental lines vascular streak dieback resistance major cacao collecting expeditions Major collecting expeditions River basins No mother trees major cacao collecting expeditions table major collecting expeditions Major collecting expeditions River basins No mother trees major collecting expeditions Major collecting expeditions River basins No mother trees major effect collections Brazil Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ghana Nigeria Peru Togo Distribution germplasm At present global arrangement exchange major effect collections Brazil Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ghana Nigeria Peru Togo Distribution germplasm At present global arrangement exchange cacao Major pest Major pest major producing origins One groups main concerns sustainability cocoa major risknot find efficient planting material major role enhancing major role enhancing majority Makapuno Dwarf Indonesia make decisions They must focus improving their position big fiveplanting material chemicals fertilizer these two
organic manpower machinery No good decision can make difference ensuring maintaining high quality their products way palms make distinction between current make distinction between current make inappropriate choices collapse disappear other kinds organizations farmers organizations evolve over make it completely disappear Even Ratchaburi region Thailand make stakeholders even decision makers forget cultivation strongly influences livelihoods millions poor farmers ethnological approach symbolisms their consequences was make use make use make virtualCNCC international collections CATIE CRU/UWI already utilize computerized genebank management systems but many other collections make virtualGSCC international collections CATIE CRU/UWI already utilize computerized genebank management systems but many other collections makes no use agronomical making controlled pollination people Malaysia accessions Papua New Guinea accessions Côte dIvoire accessions Ecuador accessions Some material was also lost over Malaysia accessions Papua New Guinea accessions Côte dIvoire accessions Ecuador accessions Some material was also lost over Malaysia Indonesia Papua New Guinea high cost control cocoa Malaysia Malaysia YSI SLB Malayan Red Dwarf Gramame Brazil BRA BRA BRA BRA Malayan Red Dwarf Kira Kira Malaysia Malaysia YSI SLB Malayan Red Dwarf Kukum Malaysia Malaysia YSI SLB Malayan Red Dwarf Kulasekharam India IND IND IND IND IND Malayan Red Dwarf Spicata Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea YSI SLB Malayan SS Apricot Tall Malaysia IND IND IND IND IND Malayan SS Green Tall Malaysia IND IND IND IND IND Malayan Tall Malaysia BRA CIV CIV CIV IND IND JAM JAM JAM JAM MYS SLB TZA TZA VUT VUT CIB JAM Malayan Tall Bachok Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Bagan Datoh Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Balik Pulau Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Batu Pahat coconut water Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Batu Pahat B Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Blenheim Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Endau Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall FMS Malaysia IND IND IND IND IND Malayan Tall Kangar Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Kapar Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Kota Bharu Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Kuala Muda Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Kuala Selangor Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Kuantan Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Larut Matang Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Lekir Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Melaka Tengah Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Merlimau Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Morib Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Muar Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Pasir Putih Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Pontian coconut water Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Pontian B Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Port Dickson Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Pulau Aur Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Pulau Langkawi Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Pulau Sibu Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Pulau Tioman Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall pulau Tuba Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Sabak Bernam Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Seberang Prai Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Sepang Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Sungai Besar Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Teluk Gong Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Tall Tumpat Malaysia Malaysia MHP MYS Malayan Yellow Dwarf Malaysia BEN BGD BRA BRA CIV CIV CIV CIV FJI GHA IDN IDN IND IND IND JAM JAM LKA MEX MYS PHL PHL PHL PHL PHL PNG SLB THA TZA TZA TZA VNM VUT VUT CHRC THA Malayan Yellow Dwarf Comoros Comoros Comoros IND IND Malayan Yellow Dwarf Gramame Brazil BRA BRA BRA BRA Malayan Yellow Dwarf Kulasekharam India IND IND IND IND IND Mamuaya Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Mangipod Green Dwarf Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Manikgonj Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Mansinam Red Dwarf Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Manus Tall Baluan Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Manus Tall Lako Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Manus Tall Lawes Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Mapanget Tall Indonesia IDN IDN IDN IDN IDN IDN IDN IPRI IDN Mapanget Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Mapanget Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Mapanget Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Mapanget Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Mapanget Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Mapanget Tall S Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Mapanget Tall S Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Mapanget Tall S Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Maphraeo Thailand Tall Thailand JAM JAM CIB JAM Marinsow Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Markham Valley Tall Papua New Guinea CIV IDN IND IND JAM JAM LKA MYS PHL PHL PNG SLB SRS PNG Markham Valley Tall lLara Vill Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Markham Valley Tall Markham Fa Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Melongoane Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Mestiza Tall Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Mexican Atlantic Tall Mexico Mexico CICY MEX Mexican Atlantic Tall Mexico Mexico CICY MEX Mexican Atlantic Tall Mexico Mexico CICY MEX Mexican Pacific Tall Mexico Mexico CICY MEX Mexican Pacific Tall Mexico Mexico CICY MEX Mexican Pacific Tall Mexico Mexico CICY MEX Mexican Pacific Tall Mexico Mexico CICY MEX Mexican Pacific Tall Mexico Mexico CICY MEX Mexican Pacific Tall Mexico Mexico CICY MEX Mexican Pacific Tall Mexico Mexico CICY MEX Mexican Pacific Tall Mexico Mexico CICY MEX Mexican Pacific Tall Mexico Mexico CICY MEX Mexican Pacific Tall Mexico Mexico CICY MEX Mexican Pacific Tall Mexico Mexico CICY MEX Mexican Pacific Tall Mexico Mexico CICY MEX Mexican Pacific Tall Mexico Mexico CICY MEX Mexican Pacific Tall Mexico Mexico CICY MEX Mexican Pacific Tall Mexico Mexico CICY MEX Mexican Pacific Tall Mexico Mexico CICY MEX Milne Bay Tall Bubuleta Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Milne Bay Tall Siagara Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Moorea Tall Haapiti France France IND IND Moorea Tall Pao Pao France France IND IND Mozambique Tall Mozambique CIV CIV CIV SMD CIV Muktagacha Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Muwa Tall Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea IND IND Nadora Tall India IND IND IND IND IND Namatanai Tall Etalat Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Namatanai Tall Karu Village Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Namatanai Tall Kenapit Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Namatanai Tall Sohu Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Namukon Tall Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Navassi Tall India India IND IND Nawasi Tall Sri Lanka LKA LKA CRI LKA Nawasi Tall Sugar Thailand Thailand Thailand CHRC THA New Buswang Green Dwarf Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL New Caledonia Tall France France VT VUT New Guinea Kavieng Tall Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea IND IND New Guinea Kiriwana Tall Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea IND IND New Guinea Orange Dwarf Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea IND IND New Guinea Tall Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea IND IND Ngilngof Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Nias Green Dwarf Indonesia IDN IDN IDN MYS PNG SRS PNG Nias Red Dwarf Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Nias Yellow Dwarf Indonesia IDN IDN IDN IDN IDN IDN IDN PNG SRS PNG Nicobar Tall Auck Chung India IND IND IND IND Nicobar Tall Campbell Bay India IND IND IND IND Nicobar Tall Katchal India IND IND IND IND Nicobar Tall Kimios India IND IND IND IND Nicobar Tall Kimmai India IND IND IND IND Nicobar Tall Tamaloo India IND IND IND IND Nigerian Green Dwarf Nigeria IND IND IND IND Nigerian Tall Nigeria IND IND IND IND Nita Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Niu Damu Tall Fiji Malaysia Selection resistance insects mirids cocoa manage global organic fair trade certification small farmers afford certification IFOAM Organic International managed documentation tool how managed documentation tool how managed mainly poor smallholders Management management development land agriculture forestry resources In framework project French Agricultural Research Development CIRAD led assisted design improved seed production management IPM against LYLDthrough Biosecurity measures which should include prohibition movement palms management IPM approach control insects management IPM approach control pest management IPM based strategies including removal breeding sites extracting beetles using metal hooks application coal tar management molecular management molecular management natural resources Itcarried out centers management natural resources Itcarried out centers management plantations India its islands Indian Journal Coconut crab Wikipedia free encyclopaedia https //en wikipedia org/wiki/Coconut_crab CPDT pest management policy development administration They also include routine inspections international passengers commercial vessels trucks aircraft railcars They work ensure reciprocal market access export import biological products maintain high efficiency emergency response Pest Management water conservation etc Carry out soil plant nutrient analysis determine nutrient status palms manages number projects manages number projects cacao managing mandates international distribution Furthermore there was little evidence genebank obtaining feedback mandates international distribution Furthermore there was little evidence genebank obtaining feedback Mangrove also help mitigate king tides tsunamis Itmore appropriate than Casuarina areas they native mangroves mangroves could grown along coastal areas buffers protect against sea spray Saltwater intrusion therea identify varieties more tolerant salt plant them areas likely more affected saltwater intrusion future Scientists manual We grateful them manual acknowledges contributors each sections exhaustive list presented annex manufactured entire nut manufacturers soap Great Britain Ireland annual consumption soap products per head quadrupled between Oils called concreteswhen like oil they solidify below °C Lauric concrete oils coconut palm oil palm kernels mainly used soap cosmetics Europe many beetles were attracted few them remained palms crowns many farms reviewed Many genebanks Many genebanks many growing countries Americas Africa Asia Although many quarantined accessions come many quarantined accessions come many traditional uses Many traditional varieties palms many years many years many years been involved cocoa Mapusua Karen karenm@spc int SPC Fiji Maramorosch K Viroids Satellites molecular parasites frontier life CRC Press Morgan W Growing island exports High value crops future agriculture Pacific Crawford School Research Paper Ribier V & Rouziere coconut water Replanting plantations myth Marasmiellus husk Seedling losses variable depending variety greater sensitivity MRD x RIT hybrid compared Samoa Local Tall In Fiji Marechal scientist margin generated agricultural production margin perianth but never typically triangular In Sri Lanka yield loss affected areas varies margin perianth whichspecific coconut water guerreronis infested fruits marker assisted screeningcarried out individuals segregating populations resistant parentalcoconut clone market Compared many other tree crops there market development poverty alleviation orientation Its multi country dimension approach places high premium development regional commodities based economies through variety project initiatives seek enhance capacity commodity producers exporters participate fully global trade CFC co funding market development poverty alleviation orientation Its multi country dimension approach places high premium development regional commodities based economies through variety project initiatives seek enhance capacity commodity producers exporters participate fully global trade CFC co funding market underscores importance germplasm collections their utilization through cacao breeding programmes towards supporting stakeholders industry History cacao breeding use cacao germplasm selection varieties improved yield performance started early beginning th century some cacao producing countries identification Imperial College SelectionsICS farmersfields Trinidad san important early example cacao germplasm utilization They amongst most widely distributed utilized Trinitario cacao germplasm accessions destruction cacao plantations Trinidad outbreak witches' broom disease led search marketing differentiated high value cocoa marketing differentiated high value provides opportunity conservation through use threatened diversity Higher farm gate revenues markets enhancing markets systems governmarketsuncertainties farmers their organizations
change their strategy toward more value added products art craft high quality water milk etc In same vein old age treesa real concern because it exposes plantation climate events diseases but cannot considered risk itself Therefore replanting good varieties shorter intervals appears necessary both improve performances resilience issue should studied further but even if respondents didnt mention it rustic low yield variety
Marper though now old Marsapproachto build public/private network helps promote support these elements around world order address major challenges facing farmers industry Marsleading way cocoa mass leaves When beetle encounters bulk lay eggs they can infected virus fungus Removal material material material advise farmers use same variety material appears moving directly within regions incurring phytosanitary risks material appears moving directly within regions incurring phytosanitary risks material can recover material can recover material international collection will material international collection will material which genes material which genes materials materials two international collections CRU/UWI CATIE Provide pertinent legal information advice particularly access benefit sharing assist partners implementing regulations Represent many beneficiaries Global Strategy through one voice partnership secure long term funding key strategic elements research activities national research institutes governmaterials two international collections CRU/UWI CATIE Provide pertinent legal information advice particularly access benefit sharing assist partners implementing regulations Represent many beneficiaries Global Strategy through one voice partnership secure long term funding key strategic elements research activities national cocoa matter us us important thingto mature mature mature coconuts using reconstituted concentrate instead fresh water pasteurizing water heat adding preservatives flavour sweeten water dipping coconuts chemicals transportation In Fiji mature fruits before dehusking avoiding direct contact between ground avoiding large heaps husked under direct sunlight ideal would harvest without coconuts falling mature global variation oil costs References Henderson B B Henry L coconut water & MacAulay T G Investment Change Industry North Sulawesi Equilibrium Displacement Analysis No Australian Agricultural Resource Economics Society InvestmentFiji mature immature fruits without informing consumers Water maximum information
may
attached trunk adult palm pheromone sachetfixed one window using wire beetles attracted pheromone fall
pipe killed manually
Brazil Revisiting classical delineation between "in situ"ex situ
cause major shifts roles power relations among different players current food supply chain networks
follow brought winds
negatively affected
provide unprecedented decision making capabilities Big
require further reflection Indeed these farmers
transported fruits instance containers mature nuts leaving Tonga systematically fumigated
uprooted killed erosion water excess Coconut grows wide range light medium heavy soils below m however it does maybe therea unique physiological maybe they will mean diseasepresent impact CTiVd Guam mean profits equitably shared product can bought meaning that they were lost means
production means power There should mechanism place could protect interests smallholders measles cataclysmic socio economic changes affected these islands exacerbated erosion both traditional knowledge biological resources We estimate least varieties created Pacific Islanders over measles Lets imagine living village no book no computer more than villagers die within short period How much traditional knowledge will media
help rapidly diffuse appropriate information other hand people now saturated excess diverse information online entertainment least some them more numerous younger generation devote less medium term storage field genebank
long term storage therea maximum capacity accessions can processed year costs processing medium term storage field genebank
long term storage therea maximum capacity accessions can processed year costs processing meet demand stakeholders regarding good material replanting programmes lack investmentresulting mass planting low yielding varieties farmers This situationmainly dur meeting dedicated Cryoconservation held Korea One main limiting factors updating process was identified "making decisions incomplete meetings August presentation lecture incentives August Releasing inception report getting advice Mekong Delta coconut water member present stage membershipopen members CGIAR Consortium close collaboration hundreds partner organizations including national regional research institutes civil society organizations academia privatesector members CGIAR Consortium close collaboration hundreds partner organizations including national regional research institutes civil society organizations academia privatesector members it not possible work efficiently strategy without knowing current status germplasm conserved ex situ members representing developing developed countries around world INGENIC members secretariat seem indicate least some palms members would responsible composition CNCC well recommending Membership accession CNCC based allelic diversity Also considering some these collections Membership accession GSCC based allelic diversity Also considering some these collections Membership accessions GSCC based allelic diversity annex Membership accessions GSCC based allelic diversity list below includes total accessions NOTE draft listbased exclusively DNA derived membership country must meet certain criteria mener countries merged thereno conserve same germplasm two separate accessions Use international cultivar names scientific publicationsstrongly recommended Whilst there
good reasons use another name
good practice include table merged under one names Mesoamerica Trinidad Venezuela Philippines Indonesia Ceylon metabolism stores fat survival times starvation they transmitted characteristic their descendants second causevery probably set social burdens including food fad effects eating habits induced advertising ocean foodpermanently available described Richard Beyer Mitigation adaptation Nutritional risks metal barrel having both sides open Actions undertake Interactions can exist between pest meter above soil addition band painting using these tags if another agricultural officer comes back years later he/she able find palm again When collecting seednuts farms therea way farmers avoid selfing self pollination palms meters some other places like India method conducts sample conserve uncontrolled mixes traditional varieties Some accessions collected Pacific region presently conserved ex situ method could increase yield Selection seedlings nursery based germination speed vigour seedlings method obtaining organic planting material Tissue culturerelatively new case palm Plant tissue culturea collection techniques used maintain method would more profitable terms quantity produced per unit work yields then low but work devoted agriculturesmall existence agricultural risk
rise preference extensive cultivation practices relatively small amount inputs labour investment per unit area Thisdur methodological framework defined above texts limited length three pages authored specialists methodological framework fight corruption which he referred letters TAAPE which stands for Transparency Awareness Accountability Prevention Enforcement Actions undertake Although methodological refinement still varies somewhat between Centres Accordingly if these costs were re calculated in say three years full costs some Centres
slightly different probably higher than current values their full cost recover methodologies methodologies methodologies assess impact methodologies assess impact methodologies Capital costs As objective exerciseto determine best estimate current costs maintaining materials genebank distributing them itappropriate include costs current yearbasis
simple matter operational costs these budgeted annually takes
account real time effects inflation currency values However bringing capital costs present value requires slightly more effort financial model calculates present annual value capital stock infrastructure equipment order produce annual costs genebank current prices converted nominal prices using Consumer Price Index information entered costing tool annualized using discount rate requested information section tool discount factor average interest rate country methodologies development tools Each Working Group will methodologies development tools Each Working Group will methodologies evaluation yield determinants adaptation planting density programme would carried out through network partner institutes specific interest evaluating part CNCC capacity carry work programme would consist evaluation trials each Africa Asia Latin America/Caribbean Regions proposed four sites per Region different environmental biotic abiotic conditions Suggested activities budgeted would Distributing promising materials multi location evaluation trials Nursery multiplication field planting materials Evaluating selecting established variety trials Exchanging information disseminating results Disseminating interesting germplasm through intermediate quarantine user countries costestimated CFC/ICCO/Bioversity methodologies evaluation yield determinants adaptation planting density programme would carried out through network partner institutes specific interest evaluating part GSCC capacity carry work programme would consist evaluation trials each Africa Asia Latin America/Caribbean Regions proposed four sites per Region different environmental biotic abiotic conditions Suggested activities budgeted would Distributing promising materials multi location evaluation trials Nursery multiplication field planting materials Evaluating selecting established variety trials Exchanging information disseminating results Disseminating interesting germplasm through intermediate quarantine user countries costestimated CFC/ICCO/Bioversity methodologies finalized Having stated consultant methodologies including cryopreservation characterization standards network evaluation diversity analysis methodologies including cryopreservation characterization standards network evaluation diversity analysis methodologies new priorities germplasm distribution come
effect total costs initial research most efficient effective conservation management standards resources needed bring capacity partners state methodologies new priorities germplasm distribution come
effect total costs initial research most efficient effective conservation management standards resources needed bring capacity partners state methodologies subsequently develop strategies supply quality planting material farmers adapted conditions needs specific countries Past contemporary breeding modified title In many villages methodologies subsequently develop strategies supply quality planting material farmers adapted conditions needs specific countries Cacao germplasm exchange As previously highlighted considerable range cacao methodologies thirdly breedersdisinterest means proliferating their best crosses Involvement farmers breeding seednut production methodologies thirdly breedersdisinterest means proliferating their best crosses Breeding pest methodologies using microsatellites methodologies using microsatellites methodology coconut water Flood Drought portal was developed part Flood Drought Management Tools project funded Global Environment Facility GEF through United Nations Environment Programme UNEP It responds specific improved capacity managers operating transboundary river basins recognise address implications changing climatic scenarios land use water resource management see table methodology annex methodology calculating full costs Financial Guidelines Series No
reality pace adoption methodology Cryopreservation storage propagules liquid nitrogen ultra low temperatures increasingly methodology evaluation documentation Information would shared methodology evaluation documentation Information would shared methodology In order provide exact costing figures detailed comparable costing study CATIE CRU/UWI genebank operations analysis duplication should carried out using tool developed CGIAR well assessment diversity currently methodology In order provide exact costing figures detailed comparable costing study CATIE CRU/UWI cacao genebank operations analysis duplication should carried out using tool developed CGIAR well assessment diversity currently methodology Mars supported development Global Strategy andan active member CacaoNet andcurrent chairing Network www mars com/global/brands/cocoa methodology new programs biological contro less methodology reproductive biology taxonomy etc Networking providing methodology select accessions based allelic diversity annex methodology select accessions based allelic diversity annex methodology select accessions based allelic diversity it now possible characterize gene sequence nucleotide polymorphism large numbers loci Following comprehensive literature review identify those traits known under well defined allelic control part CNCC based allelic diversity should subject detailed analysis gene coding regulatory regions catalogue variation present those loci order encourage exploitation resource However methodnot limited analysis molecular methodology select accessions based allelic diversity it now possible characterize gene sequence nucleotide polymorphism large numbers loci Following comprehensive literature review identify those traits known under well defined allelic control part GSCC based allelic diversity should subject detailed analysis gene coding regulatory regions catalogue variation present those loci order encourage exploitation resource However methodnot limited analysis molecular methodology select accessions based allelic diversity We employ two traditional core selection methods use grouping selection optimum set accessions followed further iteration designed reduce redundancy core selection van Raamsdonk & Wijnker van Treuren et al van Treuren et al methodillustrated way reference large public methodology select accessions based allelic diversity We employ two traditional core selection methods use grouping selection optimum set accessions followed further iteration designed reduce redundancy core selection van Raamsdonk & Wijnker van Treuren et al van Treuren et al methodillustrated way reference large public methodology used building risk analysis coconut water Successive steps building risk analysis B online short survey risks methodology used for building risk analysis methodology when compiling Global Strategy Conservation Use methods
require more labour inputs Land degradation many Pacific Island Countries Territories PICTs methods packaging ruin its purity Adopting water methods usefully contribute natural risk assessment It should acknowledged palm remains most cyclone tolerant crop much Mexico found lethal yellowing disease LYD can transmitted through embryo onto plantlets Cadang cadang Mexico These companies succeeded obtain importation permits mg/kg Packaging requirements could pose challenge smaller producers package must protect colour taste water New labelling requirements late forbid efforts would mislead consumers MHP MYS Niu Kafa Tall Tonga TON WSM TON TON Niu Leka Dwarf Fiji Michelle End CRA Ltd Martin Gilmour Mars Inc Stephan Weise Bioversity microscopic viruses insect mammalian herbivores plantinsect plantpathogen interaction therea continuum possible outcomes ranging mid late s predetermined threshold price farmers could mid seventeenth century onwards there were attempts introduce cacao other parts world though mid th Century cultivation spread eastwards nearly far mouth Amazon Forastero cacao was brought traditional cocoa might might might even lie Systematically include development projects purchase video cameras one day training basic filming video editing Release videos online way they will migration increased unemployment social unrest import export policies among others mitigate potential impacts
arise milk water Out Pacific region some research programs already involve privatesector millennia millennia Educational programs needed farmers understand importance traditional varieties conserve them highlighting they
important varieties future particularly climate resilience Mass media advertising millennia Pacific islanders were progressively diluted mass palms million farmers million hectares globally which grown Asia Pacific region table million people get sick hospitalized die each year million USD per year worth coconuts left ground Some countries many them million young Nam hom coconuts harvested per day Thailand one million go diamond coconutsold country millions millions trees minimize risks Ministerie van Landbouw Natuur en Voedselkwaliteit Netherlands LNV Ministry Food Production Ministry Agriculture Forestry Tonga told us Ministry Agriculture PGS involves lower costs than export focused third party certification Most individual producers join PGS because they want sell their organic products locally usually farmers market minor variances between Centres results dur Minutes Fifth COGENT misidentification misidentification missing metal iron mistake Hybrids mistaken productive Tall types Occurrence severity coconut water study conducted Bellona Solomon Islands mistaken highly productive Tall type palms mists dew during drought In India Governmitigate climate change add value plantations growers will mitigated others can avoided Mitigation adaptation For both diseases use cutting tools mitigation strategy Mitigation adaptation first stepto identify range pest mitochondrial S nuclear ITS sequences Bulletin Entomological Research Other pest mix mix mature immature water mix other liquids Often each country mix these varieties Some palms mixed populations coconut water mixed was fastest growing drink world However Pacific countries MLS but two international collections CATIE CRU/UWI however signed agreements Treaty their collections cover MLS but two international collections CATIE CRU/UWI however signed agreements Treaty their collections cover mm long mm wide yellowish white colour worm like Eggs small white round oval Mean length life cycle mobile phones can prove effective technology disseminate information services available farmers project was introduced governmobile suitable conveying process They brought removed mobilizing conceptual mode palm but they knew well how select hybrids model modern hybrids best palms modern hybrids best palms modern nurseries oil palm they can also modern platform marker assisted selection which it uses collaboration national research institutes accelerate release improved cocoa modern varieties There different types cultivated cacao different attributes modified knapsack sprayer six month intervals significantly increased undamaged fruits decreased damaged small sized fruits harvest Application emulsion moisture loss dehydration Beyond legal requirements some firms require additional regulations environmental social purposes beverage items imported
US must comply juice HACCP regulations These regulations updated molecular molecular molecular molecular molecular molecular molecular analyses suggest diversity natural cacao populations might stratified major river basins Thomas et al Within each river basin wild cacaogrouped patches separated large spatial distances between patches Gene flowlimited matinglikely confined within patches dur monitor implementation respective components Global Strategy develop project proposals research monitor implementation respective components Global Strategy develop project proposals research monitor progress implementation towards achieving Global Strategy outputs monitored COGENT monitor progress implementation towards achieving Global Strategy outputs monitored CacaoNet table monitoring system react standards evolution either change practices monkeys month intervals during seasons without rainfall results lower percentage small fruits increased kernel thickness harvest An emulsion palm oil sulphur WP palm oil ml water ml soap powder g table month period mature seednuts harvested one year later also over month period then old accessionremoved months develop months drier areas reduces mite damage In India commercial formulations Hirsutella thompsoni Fisher months later but will months later collapse entire crown Fertilization slightly improves cold tolerance possibility carbon trading plantations can explored whole growing community will months nursery nuts months seedlings should selected based vigour selection step culls another more advantages can obtained more advantages can obtained more average monthly precipitation mmusually considered ideal zones more common Sea Level Variable across region Increase cm relative RCP Increase cm RCP Cyclones Decrease total number cyclones less more comprehensive adding some criteria analysis rarity germplasm quality more diversityfreely available bona fide users exchanged legally transparently fairly through use MTA following specific actions proposed Short term actions next three years Supporting maintenance continued development network facilitate safe movement coconut includes ICQC R UK international distribution regional facilities established within institutes quarantine facilities will more diversityfreely available bona fide users exchanged legally transparently fairly through use MTA following specific actions proposed Short term actions next three years Supporting maintenance continued development network facilitate safe movement cacao includes ICQC R UK international distribution regional facilities established within institutes quarantine facilities will more Eco museums which would make palm its products
known According concept developed R these Eco museums could house mini collection dwarf palms more efficient than written guidelines more every month further distribute occasionally less more every month further distribute occasionally less more every month less more expensive than others example Nature collection itself
most significant single factor Location genebank local labour costs
vary significantly example if operationlabour intensive will more fertile soilimmediately available emerging roots Coconut husks rich potassium retain moisture leaves make good ground cover more Further studies needed check disease transmission pollen In vitro cultured clones
available near future but still planting materials developed vitro technique would expensive long run it
cost effective cost vitro cultured planting materialsyet determined depends multiplication rate Clones far more harmonized quarantine biosecurity policies To supplement biosecurity services countries should develop enforce policies based sound epidemiological knowledge contingency plans anticipate threats more incentives track production more likely choose more modern lifestyle but these more more interested maybe some will more occurred wave icy air came more One solutionto invest experiment more palms more precisely described documented even if they represent more prevalent areas will more specific products generalised more stage it becomes difficult make requested controlled pollinations Ittherefore necessary rejuvenate accessions before inflorescences become inaccessible Côte dIvoire African genebank workers use costly triple ladders can reach height more stay country instead going abroad work Allow temporary More than chemicals mixtures more than one variety Plant other crops between palms more than screened clones now second round replicated trials final evaluation One selected clonesvery high yielding andalready more than screened clones now second round replicated trials final evaluation One selected clonesvery high yielding andalready more than three times price paid farmer Some studies started try optimize harvest order reduce factory shortages see Thai example below Interests factories farmers
more timely forecasts more tolerant pest more year more year additional less more year additional less morphological trait information Population groupings employ same geographically derived naming system employed Motamayor et al Accession Population LCTEEN Amelonado MA Amelonado LCTEEN Amelonado MA PL Amelonado CAB Amelonado SPEC / Amelonado CAB Amelonado BE Amelonado MA Amelonado YAL coconut water Amelonado CJ Amelonado BE Amelonado U Contamana CAB Contamana U Contamana U Contamana CAB Contamana U Contamana U Contamana U Contamana U Contamana U Contamana U Contamana U Contamana TAP Contamana U Contamana CAB Contamana U Contamana CAB Contamana U Contamana SCA Contamana U Contamana U Contamana UCA Contamana CAB Contamana U Contamana CAB Contamana U Contamana U Contamana CRIOLLO Criollo PER Criollo CHA Criollo TC Criollo TC Criollo TC Criollo B Criollo CHA Criollo CHA Criollo CA S Criollo SJU Criollo STA MARIA Criollo LIB Criollo LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray CURIS Curaray LCTEEN /S Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray NAP Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray NAP Curaray LCTEEN Curaray LCTEEN Curaray KER L Guiana CJ Guiana CJ Guiana GU B Guiana KER Guiana B B Guiana ELP coconut water Guiana ELP coconut water Guiana KER L Guiana GU B Guiana CAB Iquitos U Iquitos SPEC / Iquitos CAB Iquitos CAB Iquitos CAB Iquitos AMAZ Iquitos NA Iquitos AMAZ / [CHA] Iquitos CAB Iquitos COCA / [CHA] Iquitos AMAZ Iquitos NA Iquitos CAB Iquitos CAB Iquitos C Sul Iquitos AMAZ Iquitos AMAZ / [CHA] Iquitos AMAZ [CHA] Iquitos NA Iquitos CAB Iquitos CAB Iquitos PA Marañón PA Marañón CAB Marañón CAB Marañón PA Marañón CAB Marañón CAB Marañón PA Marañón PA Marañón PA Marañón CAB Marañón PA Marañón CAB Marañón PA Marañón PA Marañón CAB Marañón CAB Marañón PA Marañón CAB Marañón PA Marañón PA Marañón PA Marañón CAB Marañón CAB Marañón PA Marañón CAB Marañón CAB Marañón CAB Marañón CAB Marañón PA Marañón PA Marañón CAB Marañón PA Marañón CAB Marañón PA Marañón CAB Marañón LCTEEN Nacional LCTEEN Nacional MO Nacional LCTEEN Nacional LasBrisas Nacional MO Nacional TAP Nacional NA Nacional TAP Nacional MO Nacional MO Nacional UCA Nacional MO Nacional U Nacional NA Nanay NA Nanay NA Nanay NA Nanay NA Nanay NA Nanay U Nanay NA Nanay POUND /B Nanay NA Nanay NA Nanay NA Nanay NA Nanay NA Nanay NA Nanay NA Nanay NA Nanay EBC Purús CAB Purús CAB Purús CAB Purús C Sul Purús CAB Purús CAB Purús CAB Purús EBC Purús CAB Purús CAB PL Purús RB Purús LCTEEN Purús CAB Purús CAB Purús C Sul Purús CAB Purús CAB Purús CAB Purús CAB Purús CAB Purús CAB Purús CAB Purús EBC Purús CAB Purús LCTEEN Purús EBC Purús CAB Purús EBC Purús CAB Purús CAB Purús CAB Purús LCTEEN Purús CAB Purús CAB Purús LCTEEN Purús CAB Purús LCTEEN Purús LCTEEN Purús LCTEEN Purús CAB Purús CAB Purús CAB Purús CAB Purús CAB Purús CAB Purús SIC Amelonado VILLANO [CHA] Curaray NA Nanay FSC Amelondo TAP Nacional SIC Amelonado BOB [CHA] Nacional TAP Nacional NA Nanay AGU Curaray IMC Iquitos NA Nanay PA Maranon NA Nanay NA Nanay WILD #N/A NA Nanay ICS Trinitario ICS Trinitario ICS Trinitario ICS Trinitario ICS Trinitario ICS Trinitario ICS Trinitario ICS Trinitario ICS Trinitario ICS Trinitario ICS Trinitario annex most amazing contribution most cost effective long term idealconservation system most clonal crops CGIAR genebanks might cryopreserve whole collection with duplicate cryopreserved set held another country most cost effective long term idealconservation system most clonal crops CGIAR genebanks might cryopreserve whole collection with duplicate cryopreserved set held another country Most ex situ Most ex situ most favoured incentives were those related planting material both total pondered total then Securing farmers incomeLand landscape cultivationNational policiesDiversification higher value productstable most material regional origin CRU/UWI CATIE table most material regional origin CRU/UWI CATIE table most Pacific Islands coconuts also contribute feed tasty organic chicken pigs Most farmers most profitable growing methods most valuable varieties These farmers will most publications itwritten Pacific region many other places plantations owned most stores eradicate rats within small areas homes storage wide ranges bait stations spaced m used Most these most wobbly reality Frédéric Dard Contents Summary Introduction coconut water Context agriculture Pacific region B coconut water brief over mostly independent affecting mostly managed tick many boxes apply Spreadsheets Database Hard copy paper moth Mirids insect pest mother natureCover mother palms moved abroad without quarantine inspection Developing implementing national moved internationally past healthy seednuts Vanuatu Tall variety moved modified title Breeding yield new Breeding pest moved modified title Farmers moved new locations Scientists should strengthen search evaluation virus strains effective against CRB G biotype More investigation
tolerance diverse varieties role adequate plant nutrition other factors movie could also useful mother palm selection nursery techniques seedlings selection Applications accessible smartphones paper brochure also considered To date movie produced CIDP project Cook Islands farmers moving it Ibadan Over moving it Ibadan Over MRDxRIT Indeed they recover MTA specified Memorandum Agreement MOA establishing ICG case India main objectives stated collections following Conservation management Much germplasm ex situ Much germplasm ex situ much learn much their support Their names appear under heading each section list contributors presented annex Mucuna spp Arachis pintoi Desmodium Using animal manure however should composted rather than Multilateral System Access Benefit Sharing under International Treaty Plant Multilateral System Access Benefit Sharing under International Treaty Plant multiplication accession in vitro collection Introduction
cryopreservation Multiplication dissemination multiplication accession in vitro collection Introduction
cryopreservation Multiplication dissemination multiplied produce more seednuts ©R Plate
transportation plantation managed canal system References Deepradit S Pisuchpen R & Ongkunaruk P April harvest planning aromatic using Monte Carlo simulation th International Conference Industrial Engineering Applications ICIEA pp Institute Electrical Electronics Engineers IEEE Dumhai R Wanchana S Saensuk C Choowongkomon K Mahatheeranont S Kraithong T & Arikit S Discover must identify eliminate infectious diseases seed borne diseases insects infest seeds Post harvest inspections essential ensure samples free must identify eliminate infectious diseases seed borne diseases insects infest seeds Post harvest inspections essential ensure samples free must updated decision must taken rapidly regenerate it my ancestors best most adapted my environnementI meet for example attitude Avatoru will my local community How proceed References R Johnson V Saena Tuia S V Kapé J & Planes S Traditional Conservation areas Varieties Associated Knowledge Polynesian Islands South Pacific Ocean pp S Larrue Biodiversity Societies Pacific Islands France University MYCOHITavailable holistic approach control mite incorporating cultural practices correct fertilizer application moisture conservation irrigation during drought use organic manure improve palm vigour can also recommended In Sri Lanka screening varieties different susceptibility levels fruits mite damage n collective action cover n PE Chemical archaeological evidence earliest beverages Proc Natl Acad Sci USA Hu J Zhu J Xu HM Methods constructing core collections stepwise clustering three sampling strategies based genotypic values crops Theoretical Applied n PE Chemical archaeological evidence earliest cacao beverages Proc Natl Acad Sci USA Hu J Zhu J Xu HM Methods constructing core collections stepwise clustering three sampling strategies based genotypic values crops Theoretical Applied N S Aratchige L C P Fernando R Description riskfor mite Aceria guerreronis Keifer reach Pacific region become epidemic reduce size fruits yields much Over N Tuivavalagi V Mataora K Viliami Description risk NA M F NA M F NA M F POUND M F POUND group name origin etc Photographs accessions Characterization names their cultivars Many new names were recorded some nance far human cultural aspects determinant But fine tuned strategic objectives clear management plans indeed keys FOs relatively homogenous membership close links market which helps both set quality standards generate money organization itself generally
able get involved technology than their larger more political counterparts second field actionto play other stakeholders of value chain territories concerned order reinforce indirectly collective actions benefit Here again thereno recipe complexity interactions between stakeholders makes it difficult anticipate impact policy But ideato consider importance collective action through FOs within VC territories facilitate their functioning References Carney D Formal farmersorganizations agricultural technology system Current roles future challenges Natural Resource Perspectives Hollandts X & Valiorgue B Référentiel pour une gouvernance stratégique des coopératives agricoles http //www refcoopagri org/wp content/uploads/ / /Referentiel gouvernance strategique coop agricoles pdf Mercoiret MR Lappui aux producteurs ruraux Guide à lusage des agents de développement et des responsables de groupements Ministère de la coopération/Karthala Ton G de Grip K Lançon F Onumah G E & Proctor F J Empowering smallholder farmers markets Strengthening advocacy capacities national farmer organizations through collabourative research Food Security Yang H Klerkx L & Leeuwis C Functions limitations farmer cooperatives innovation intermediaries Findings nance mechanisms combined customary non state institutions nance practises achieve them Thereunfortunately no rule ensure good governnancegenerally asymmetric dominated traders oriented down stream segments operators High interest rates fear land confiscation dur narrow national collections Agreed criteria national collections Agreed criteria national collections clarified status existing collections outlined what would become national collections farmersfields national collections farmersfields national collections will national collections will national forest reserves wildlife refuges private reserves which can help preserve natural plant communities Global Strategy should foster partnership between governnational forest reserves wildlife refuges private reserves which can help preserve natural plant communities Global Strategy should foster partnership between governnational genebanks well breeders via intermediate quarantine national genebanks well breeders via intermediate quarantine national genebanks well breeders via intermediate quarantine collection managers breeders around world will national genebanks well breeders via intermediate quarantine collection managers breeders around world will national governnational partners networking modus operandi partly accounts why these costs well general management considerably higher than other Centres national partners networking modus operandi partly accounts why these costs well general management considerably higher than other Centres national policies legislation regarding access benefit sharing can facilitate involvement decision makers formalizing arrangements exchange national policies legislation regarding access benefit sharing can facilitate involvement decision makers formalizing arrangements exchange cacao national replanting programs should record national support policies range measures can mitigate/manage FO dysfunctions governnative collecting country Benin India Malaysia Nigeria Thailand Nicaragua USA native collecting country Benin India Malaysia Nigeria Thailand Nicaragua USA native host region Unknown origin How many if accessions there collection represents safety duplicates native Pacificfound many official documents even Coconut Value Chain Reviewpublished PARDI SPC first contributor section was explaining live TV show palms native range pest native region are Venezuela INIA Ecuador INIAP Peru UNSAAC Papua New Guinea CCI Peru UNAS Peru ICT Brazil CEPLAC/SUEPA Brazil CEPLAC/SUERO French Guiana CIRAD Indonesia ICCRI Peru CEPICAFE Brazil CEPEC CEPLAC Côte d'Ivoire CNRA Dominican Republic IDIAF two international collections native region are Venezuela INIA Ecuador INIAP Peru UNSAAC Papua New Guinea CCI Peru UNAS Peru ICT Brazil CEPLAC/SUEPA Brazil CEPLAC/SUERO French Guiana CIRAD Indonesia ICCRI Peru CEPICAFE Brazil CEPEC CEPLAC Côte d'Ivoire CNRA Dominican Republic IDIAF two international collections native sub spontaneous trees native sub spontaneous trees natural disasters natural disasters natural disasters annually shown Plate next page Water related disasters most common frequent natural hazards constituting total disasters world Cyclones tropical storms tsunamis destroy palms natural disasters extreme weather These factors resulting irreversible loss natural disasters extreme weather These factors resulting irreversible loss cacao Natural Disasters gross domestic product following countries COO = Cook Islands FIJ = Fiji natural disasters small islands often rely coconuts drinking Elders breed some varieties specifically water water transportation niu vai natural dispersion tropical lowland rainforests extending natural habitatthreatened Strengthen use cacao Natural Resources Environment Papua New Guinea natural semi natural stands growing alongside rivers Amazon Exports increased nature reserves Ex situ nature reserves Ex situ nature reserves wild nature reserves wild nature these risks near houses places nearly regional GDP economic losses necessarily desirable simple affordable machines could introduced
cultivation processing reduce labour demand necessary advantage small farmers It
unravel continuum two extreme scenarios closed proprietary systems which farmerpart highly dependent integrated food supply chain necessary collect also numerous historical necessary collect also numerous historical necessary means capacity ensure most interesting valuable material can used interested breeding programme other scientists parts world COGENT necessary means capacity ensure most interesting valuable material can used interested breeding programme other scientists parts world CacaoNet Working Group Safe Movement will necessary presence viruses collections can therefore impact genebanks ability distribute germplasm can high levels pest necessary presence viruses collections can therefore impact genebanks ability distribute germplasm can high levels pest necessary requirements each country they might differ See dedicated risk descriptions manual Establish formal information platform through either governned Commission Phytosanitary Measures CPM which meets annually review state plant protection identifies action control spread pest ned Commission Phytosanitary Measures CPM which meets annually review state plant protection identifies action control spread pest ned its country territory members SPC primarily provides technical scientific advice acts conduit funding development projects needed needed derived needed derived needed derived needed derived needed derived needed derived needed multiplicate progeny Another technique could collect pollen but was needed reproducing targeted chatracteristics wild germplasm existing ex situ needed therapyalso needed therapyalso needs srenthened conservationists will needs When questioning farmer ethnologist discover negative responses negative shock
it economic climatic agronomic negatively impact entire industry global markets high value products currently negatively impacted activities least once negative character event well concept hazard depends cultural habits riskin sense social individual construct study concerns many island states neglected particular youth negotiations concerning labour mobility unskilled skilled temporary permanent neighbourhood exampleemblematic dynamics occurred Polynesia s traditional variety remains appreciated child next generation farmernot aware rarity cultural value resource because various reasons case over neighbours farm will neighbours farm will neighbours trees nematodes Each description given pest nematodes Each description given pest net org/fact_sheets/coconut_seedling_basal_stem_break_ htm International transmission pest net seedling basal stem break caused Marasmiellus cocophilus http //www pest net tinangaja Pacific Pest network Network advantageous their country managing using cacao diversity Strengthened regional cooperation will Network advantageous their country managing using diversity Strengthened regional cooperation will network did network each sectionauthored two five contributors annex network France Ollivier Jean jean ollivier@cirad fr CIRAD France Ghanem Michel michelg@spc int SPC Fiji network manual scientific work palm which brings together largest number contributors i e fifty two specialists originating mainly network org Bioversity network org coordinated Global Strategy One first internationally agreed priorities COGENT network org/index php page=books Oropeza C Cordova I PuchHau C Castillo R Chan J L & Sáenz L Detection lethal yellowing phytoplasma plantlets obtained through vitro germination zygotic embryos network org/index php/conserved germplasm catalogue R Foresight evolution farmers' varietal choices ideotypes R J P Labouisse K Mapusua J Ollivier & V Kumar Eds planting material Pacific Region http //replantcoconut blogspot com/ / /foresight on evolution of farmers html R Baudouin L Bambridge T Joly H I Planes S & George M L Dynamics conservation Palm Cocos nucifera L Pacific region towards new conservation approach Proceedings th Pacific Science Inter Congress pp Tahiti French Polynesia March Rehan R Jones P D Abdeen H Rowas H & Dhaliwal J dangers children network other institutions involved coordination research international level CGIAR APCC Asian Pacific community SPC Secretariat Pacific Community APCC SPC dealing mainly processing socio economical aspects although SPC was network researchers were requested systematically give international names accessions they collected It was strongly recommended national researchers networks mutual aid between farmers can also help identify obtain networkstill working without stable sufficient funding andhaving thus limited action present CGIAR system still favour conservation systems based international genebanks directly placed under its authority regards networks new New Caledonia Cook Islands Tuvalu Actions undertake In some cases heavy infestation New collecting expeditions
centre diversity cacao necessary fill diversity gaps genebanks Many surveyed institutes New collecting expeditions
centre diversity necessary fill diversity gaps genebanks Many surveyed institutes new CRB G strainalready present Inter island shipping biosecuritycritical e g farmers transporting compost new farmers new germinated seednutsorange But seednuts harvested Dwarf variety new improved cacao varieties achieve sustainable new improved varieties achieve sustainable new planting materials Includes Monitoring/analyzing/planning regeneration Planting material preparation Field preparation Planting field management Indexing/sanitation Health testing Activity often carried out upon acquisition new planting materials Includes Monitoring/analyzing/planning regeneration Planting material preparation Field preparation Planting field management Indexing/sanitation Health testing Activity often carried out upon acquisition new plantings Latin America Asia clonal planting materials widely used which new TSH varieties possess interesting flavour profiles derived new TSH varieties possess interesting flavour profiles derived New Zealand Australia instance Itstill possible export food products simple certification national biosecurity authorities depending target market processed food products stakeholders third party certifications Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point HACCP New Zealand many times but never succeeded dur New Zealand use dogs specifically trained detect rats Rats commonly introduced found around human populations Therefore keeping environments clean tidy storing food resources securely can help reduce rat populations Rat proofing storage places can help reduce products newly multiplied accessions Germination test before storage Viability monitoring during storage Regeneration This activity getting fresh seeds planting out seeds storage newly multiplied accessions Germination test before storage Viability monitoring during storage Regeneration This activity getting fresh seeds planting out seeds storage next decade cloning will next fifty years using cover next hours farmer would obtain their plot average probability over next one five years depending activity concerned Some activities next one five years depending activity concerned Some activities next page Even if next page presents successive steps build risk analysis their level of achievement Details regarding participation other experts description risks next page Some rather specific cultivation while others part broader approach agricultural risks next three months next years newly regenerated materials sent Centres NGOs buy land lease it young farmers ICTs Nicolas Roux accessions shipped every years total cost $ Therea charge housing material IRD thisincluded recurrent cost under separate operation coconut water short term stock popularly requested materialmaintained allow higher rate subculture New accessions first pre indexed those found negative then fully virus indexed Approx accessions requires cleaning Pre indexing indexing cleaning costed separately according costs provided Nicolas Roux email / / information management costs include cost operating Musa Germplasm Information System MGIS http //www crop diversity org/banana which involves management data Nicolas Roux accessions shipped every years total cost $ Therea charge housing material IRD thisincluded recurrent cost under separate operation coconut water short term stock popularly requested materialmaintained allow higher rate subculture New accessions first pre indexed those found negative then fully virus indexed Approx accessions requires cleaning Pre indexing indexing cleaning costed separately according costs provided Nicolas Roux email / / information management costs include cost operating Musa Germplasm Information System MGIS http //www crop diversity org/banana which involves management data Nigeria Ghana Cote dIvoire Cameroon results demonstrated narrow night farms gardens too many people ning Body International Treaty Other collections ning Body International Treaty Other collections ning Body ITPGRFA ning Body ITPGRFA ning Body ITPGRFA commitment safely conserve long term according international standards make materials readily available plant breeding programmes other bona fide users However some national collections can also considered bewithin public ning Body ITPGRFA commitment safely conserve long term according international standards make materials readily available plant breeding programmes other bona fide users However some national collections can also considered bewithin public ning Body ITPGRFA national collections ning Body ITPGRFA national collections ning coordinating processes Finally shown Plate regarding their main occupation our sampleover Niu Bulundrau Tall Fiji nment nment nment nment actions often exacerbated rather than stabilized agricultural supply prices global openness markets particular commodities markets which includes some products nment adoption behavior Fiji nment agencies provide significant sums money form subsidies farmers installing micro irrigation methods including drip irrigation kind policy could useful well chosen places within Pacific countries References Aisha N coconut water Stephen R & Manju R V Evaluation Selectively Fertilized Hybrids Cocos nucifera L Water Use Efficiency Under Moderate Water Stress Journal Plant Science Research Barclay E How homegrown charcoal
gey your garden through drought NPR Food Salt https //www npr org/sections/thesalt/ / // /how homegrown charcoal
get your soil through coconut water drought R Namory T [Film] Cultivation Aromatic Green Dwarf Thailand Diversiflora Expertise Carr M K V water relations irrigation requirements Cocos nucifera review Experimental Agriculture Fan H K R & Ranasinghe T K G Section Breeding drought other abiotic stresses Chapter nment agencies science research institutions NGOs farmer communities integrated regional development planning implementation including designing national forest reserves wildlife refuge private reserve ecotourism Estimated budget USD three year project development situ on farm conservation strategies Strengthening safe movement germplasm objective strategic areato facilitate use CNCC materials ensuring their safe distribution considering serious risks nment agencies science research institutions NGOs farmer communities integrated regional development planning implementation including designing national forest reserves wildlife refuge private reserve ecotourism Estimated budget USD three year project development situ on farm conservation strategies Strengthening distribution mechanism safe movement germplasm objective strategic areato facilitate use GSCC materials ensuring their safe distribution considering serious risks nment agencies scientific research institutions NGOs farmer communities possibly privatesector nment agencies scientific research institutions NGOs farmer communities possibly privatesector nment agricultural officer He took tender started chew sweet husk Then he stopped saying I nment agriculture services nment Australia Pacific Financial Inclusion Program PFIP ANZ Bank link mobile banking industry digital banking approach seeks reach rural nment bodies aiming assisting economic development Pacific islands should support local individuals companies involved buying value adding selling exporting coconuts coconut products Import substitution should also promoted there numerous imported items e g body hair lotions could substituted local coconut based items Education training various dimensions performance coconut treesector nment carry out research cacao conserve cacao national regional nment carry out research cacao Does institute nment carry out research conserve national regional nment conserve cacao Does institute nment control
key challenge increasing innovative capacity idea could introduce participatory progressive process through platforms nment create demonstrations sites Good cultivation practices Shift organic cultivation promote intercropping promote irrigation subsidy fertilizers Promote organic fertilization promote use cover nment decided consolidate Aromatic Coconutnew agricultural industry separated it nment distributed chainsaws farmers nment ensure effective policy frameworkin place b When FO over nment ensure groups nment example loans can provided consistent period lower interest rate Papua New Guinea does nment funding assistance nment funding Private companies also run risk when investing replanting value addition research Like farmers they must also account natural disasters nment institute University nment interventions together international guidelines needed regulate input commodity markets determine best agriculture production nment level It
careful approach organizational structures stipulated Governnment
help facilitate transportation globally reduce time between harvest arrival place first transformation Another set actions concern improvement farms factories nment
plan official assistance Farmers find out advance nment ministries nment Netherlands Governnment Netherlands International Cocoa nment Netherlands International Organization ICCO International Quarantine Centre ICQC R International Group nment Netherlands Ministry Economic Affairs Agriculture Innovation supported twenty two projects cocoa nment non governnment official should write COGENT nment often plans official assistance Food assistancefor convenience opportunity often rice flour sugar canned meat etc thus confirming devaluation decline customary foods Whoto blame obesity Policy makers food industry nment policies international regulations could either assist industry flourish nment policies our expert view opinion people nment policy nment policy Specific attention can paid permanent support FOs actions case market failure nment prior project References Fakava V T Modelling land use decisions smallholder farmers Tonga agricultural policy planning Doctoral dissertation Lincoln University nment Project Failure Developing Countries Evidence nment Project Failure Developing Countries Evidence nment projects developing countries Ghana case study Doctoral dissertation Liverpool John Moores University nment protesting lowest copra prices presently offered nment regulations often favour one category stakeholders expense another nment Samoa Country Statement FAO Expert Consultationsector nment save scheme it was abandoned nment seed producing structures there opportunities seed production nment services must intervene Mechanical methods nment services Trainings understandings regulations nment sites organic certified should places nment social norms general host factors create incentives farmer decide change way which they work reward nment support public nment Sustainable nment Sustainable nment This trade war occurred various ways which few officially known instance s according K Maramorosch whole technical assistance program Cadang cadang disease Philippines was abandoned under pressure soybean corn oil lobby groups Misinformationcontinuing Harvard professors assertion oillike poisonjust one more battle oil wars using scandalous mistrustful means food thatbeneficial health if consumed excessively can become harmful However attack will nment train farmers possibilities obtain Rainforest Alliance certification oil Serendi Coco joint venture between local US first large company which nment turned it Juvenile Rehabilitation Centre under Samoan Ministry Police Prisons no more link Ministry Agriculture Most accessions gene bank nmental financial institution established within framework United Nations Funds specific mandateto support developing countries commodity dependent improve diversify commoditiesproduction nmental financial institution established within framework United Nations Funds specific mandateto support developing countries commodity dependent improve diversify commoditiesproduction nmental organization instituted January founding members Ghana Nigeria Brazil Côte dIvoire Cameroon COPALguided Abidjan Charter COPAL's objectives to Exchange technical scientific information Discuss problems mutual interest advance social economic relations between producers Ensure adequate supplies market remunerative prices Promote expansion consumption COPALs International Cocoa nmental Organization PACS Payments Agro Biodiversity Conservation Services NYSE New York Stock Exchange PGR Plant nmental Organization PACS Payments Agro Biodiversity Conservation Services NYSE New York Stock Exchange PGR Plant nmental organizations NGOs might important links facilitating meaningful communication An important constraint lack regular funding collecting trips working group should set within COGENT nmental organizations NGOs might important links facilitating meaningful communication An important constraint lack regular funding collecting trips working group should set within CacaoNet proposes priority collecting activities tries identify adequate funding carrying out collection trips subsequent activities establish collected materials ex situ nmentnow supporting Sustainable nments nments nments nments Actions undertake Training third party organic auditors hope they will nments agricultural development environmental organizations working international donors support effective programmes supporting applying demand led research improves crop yield quality supporting training education improves health safety well nments always interested keeping isolated remote islands populated nments can try ameliorate losses dur nments cocoa nments collect individual household nments concerned will nments concerned will nments concerned will nments concerned will nments Cote dIvore Papua New Guinea nments fundingnot guaranteed therefore their sustainabilitynot secured over nments India Indonesia Brazil respectively designated germplasmshared under terms standard material transfer agreement SMTA part multilateral system access benefit sharing created Treaty nments institutions allowing them participate Pacific region namely Australia Cook Islands Federated States Micronesia Fiji nments invest agriculturesector nments
embark capacity building programs Pollen nments might nments ministries agriculture now supportive growth farmers initiative organic fair trade instance Vanuatu Fiji nments must urgently certify least some their agricultural research centres especially those devoted production nments NGOs challenges facing today's cocoa nments often try ease political risks nments play key role following aspects Provide access wide range diverse nments play key role following aspects Provide access wide range diverse cacao nments put place effective control measures limit these excesses Fluctuations price product mainly dur nments recognize publicize value farming nments requiring establishment official links between requesting institutes import permits nments requiring establishment official links between requesting institutes import permits nments should adopt diversified pluralistic national strategy promote agricultural extension communication rural nments should encourage foreign investment removing barriers nments should prepared control spread eradicate using measures already developed national disease management plans will nments support agricultural services collecting characterization perseveration traditional varieties
remain difficult Pacific countries nments target address needs farmers projects successful Some governnments to ensure policies place organic farming nments took time become supportive Organic farming nments will nmentsector no no no No accessions / year USD / year Acquisition Field maintenance Characterization morphological Characterization molecular Identification duplicates integrity Regeneration Health testing ANNUAL COSTS based estimates TOTAL ANNUAL COSTS adjustment inflation per year TOTAL Introduction/ multiplication accession vitro Cryopreservation introduction Cryopreservation maintenance GRAND TOTAL Estimated budget USD annual budget development management Global Networked Collection Notes Itanticipated annual cost would reduced over No accessions / year USD / year Acquisition Field maintenance Characterization morphological Characterization molecular Identification duplicates integrity Regeneration Health testing ANNUAL COSTS based estimates TOTAL ANNUAL COSTS adjustment inflation per year TOTAL Introduction/ multiplication accession vitro Cryopreservation introduction Cryopreservation maintenance GRAND TOTAL Estimated budget USD annual budget development management Global Strategic Cacao Collection Notes Itanticipated annual cost would reduced over no desire farmers explore other forms land use Considering some adverse experiences certain gene banks we recommend construction new research stations no dormancy impeding storage seednuts no idea no knowledge no longer able transmit her/his knowledge Because cultural social changes linked globalization agricultural knowledge eldersoften lost In s L M Fili T H Hoponoa no minimum requirement brix level either natural no more than coconuts per palm per year palms no more than fruits/palm/year Farmers will no natural immunity those organisms Thisone reason why biosecurityso critical Pacific region whichstill no recorded date planting Populations number living palms no seedlings provided farmers institution seednuts provided free farmers nominate COGENT non coconut areas However placing pheromone traps border plantation non conventionalconventional naturally occurring water resourcesrequire relatively low level technology rainwater collected stored groundwater surface water substitution water non existent plants develop rickety way They non profit purposes must requested writing Original SPC artwork
non repayment often discourage farmers Nongkas Alfred nbnongkas@gmail com Kokonas Indastri Koporesen Papua New Guinea Koelau Diana Faye jamcop@gmail com Solomon Island Industry Working Group Solomon Islands Nguna Peter ngunapeter@gmail com University normally managed separate accession contact details these collections can found annex normally managed separate accession contact details these collections can found annex North America These concrete oils widely used food tropical countries increasingly Norwegian rat They mainly nocturnal but over not not not not not not not not not not not not not not not not coconut water movie nursery was delivered CIDP project best technique regularly resulting high germination rate seems one presently used Côte dIvoire country CNRA Agricultural Centre recommends sandy soil seeds partially buried watered regularly efficiently control their hydration Thus other countries solution inland plantations could delimit seedbed space concrete border bring one not access not accessible Agreed management standards optimum long term conservation use germplasm Increase funding priority support long term conservation not accessible Agreed management standards optimum long term conservation use cacao germplasm Increase funding priority support long term conservation cacao not adapted local conditions uniform variety can harbour pathogen if disease susceptible not agree best cover not along irrigation water resulting higher profit
yields quality product Irrigated farming not always not always share results public not Another option would introduce aromatic Pacific region but raises quarantine issues Many countries of which Thailand Malaysia Vietnam not appreciate changes brought innovation
happen because innovation did not benefit relevant players Private companies use results public not blindly follow advice not care not care not carry virus first sign CFD infectionin mid section crown not cause disease However presence coliforms could indicator poor hygiene standards production not CFD Maybe Vanuatu tallnot resistant CFD butsimply vaccinatedVanuatu Tallone most tolerant variety Lethal Yellowing Disease Ghana Maybe unusual kind natural vaccinationhelps Vanuatu tall tolerate LYD disease not change practices while they convinced they best they not change their practices not concern not contaminate water kernel they fully safe human animal consumption
enable not contaminate water kernel they fully safe human animal consumption will not degrade Internal procedure control helps assess risks not depend solely availability food Nutritional status results not directly involve conservation distribution existing accessions information not duplicate their materials safety not duplicate their materials safety not enter possibility identifying branding products geographically can help avoid disadvantageous competition Fiji not exist Thailand
develop stagnant water canals not facilitate timely interventions over not fall under terms conditions ITPGRFA its multilateral system MLS not fall under terms conditions ITPGRFA its multilateral system MLS not familiar financial loan process Guidelines should given type items could used collateral Assistance credit bodies organizations should given know select best contracts regarding value chains Farmersorganizations supported international NGOs should organise themselves propose credit specific insurance adapted services Microloan programs rural not feed industry other hand even if it takes time maybe some these sugarcane growers will not fit classical delineation between ex situ not Fronds then turn brown hang down stem like skirt coconut water dry rot develops newly expanding spear progressing downwards growing point Complete necrosis death palm Finally fronds fall leaving not harvest their coconuts because they find cost will not help enough even out space time annual variations agricultural production not help regarding palms not hesitate contact Brigitte Laliberté not hesitate reword if needed It seems important
understand biological social historical dynamics which presently shaping biodiversity its uses For Pacific region diachronic historical approach was not hold collectionsbut actively contribute selection new clonal cultivars their own plantations example selection hundreds clones resistance witchesbroom disease farmers Brazilian State Bahia s early s early s farmersparticipatory approach breeding programme was adopted West African countries programme started farm survey during which pods budwood were collected not hold collectionsbut actively contribute selection new clonal cultivars their own plantations example selection hundreds clones resistance witchesbroom disease farmers Brazilian State Bahia s early s early s farmersparticipatory approach cacao breeding programme was adopted West African countries programme started farm survey during which pods budwood were collected not indicate it clearly packaging beverage water not invest production not know exact distribution CFD across islands Vanuatu When islandplanted not know if farmer succeeded Embryos were taken sent Papua New Guinea Genebank via Fiji not know instance if watercontaminated antibiotic We not know real risk particular palm destroyed cyclone probability per time unit according countries not know they not know which species best adapted their situation Last but not let husks lie large use less not local Farmers can produce hybrids themselves long they understand reproductive biology palm instance Fiji not Many seedlings will not Mitigation adaptation Convince leading countries policy makers heads research centres first governnot monitor not native Landraces traditional varieties i e germplasm little not native Landraces traditional varieties i e germplasm little not necessarily reflect views opinions their individual institutes case specific questions and/or comments please direct them COGENT not necessarily reflect views opinions their individual institutes case specific questions and/or comments please direct them CacaoNet Secretariat Bioversity not Occurrence severity In Pacific region case hybrids offers perfect example how limitation knowledge not own land they work lack resources invest technologies would improve production not own land they work lack resources invest technologies would improve production not plant Tall types palms not promote hybridsinsufficient resources Itcomplicated quite costly produce hybrids Itso much simpler go farmersfield without conducting analysis assess real value variety mother palms not recorded example molecular marker profiles available majority accessions held CRU/UWI CATIE ICQC R USDA whereas many other genebanks not recorded example molecular marker profiles available majority accessions held CRU/UWI CATIE ICQC R USDA whereas many other genebanks not relate not represented collections not represented collections not stay farms not suitable uses Occurrence severity As explained risk sections related loss traditional varieties agricultural knowledge landraces mainly Tall types were created over not take seeds not trust it not use organic fertilization plantations Even if part husk leaves left plantation they remain big heap not value even destroy these palms not want people here see me eating niu mangaro because they will not want you farmers not yet not yet not yet not yet exist Pacific region Edible products often perishable therefore technological research advancements crucial extending storage life products nothing sell hence no means finance future farming nothing will nothingMost risks notions risk risk analysis notions risk risk analysis now been completed projects were implemented various Dutch international organizations cover now been used towards production now future ensure its accessibility sustainable now future ensure its accessibility sustainable now gained international acceptance described risk description n° it now large numbers somatic embryos can generated now large numbers somatic embryos can generated now large numbers somatic embryos can generated NudiVirusnot present renewed interest cropping To help farmers control pest Number accessions cacao ex situ Number accessions cacao ex situ Number accessions ex situ Number accessions ex situ number accessions field collection Molecular characterization cryopreservation vitro conservation seed health testing yam involve non optimized protocols demand research resources refine These costs number accessions field collection Molecular characterization cryopreservation vitro conservation seed health testing yam involve non optimized protocols demand research resources refine These costs number breeders number breedersvery low Cacao number consultation meetings Long term funding will number consultation meetings Long term funding will number farmers areas under number palms number organizations including CRA Ltd Mars USDA/ARS WCF Bioversity number organizations including CRA Ltd Mars USDA/ARS WCF Bioversity Numberof acces sions Countries of conservation Name numbers move new areas numerous constraints numerous discussions stakeholders currently numerous missions collect primary germplasm nurseries compares methods used Brazil Côte dIvoire West Africa those six Pacific countries second movie illustrates how Thai farmers cultivate Aromatic Dwarf organic canal based system see also risk description n° Itchallenging transfer cultivation method nurseries end less nurseries located close my farm nursery because they nursery In vitro medium term storage Cryopreservation Other please specify What size field collection Number independent plots Total size field collection in ha Average number trees nursery Koronivia Research Station was contaminated disease identified leaf blight disease Cytospora palmarum Dr Chowdappa Director CPCRI India some areas little fire ant LFA Wasmania auropunctata can colonize nurseries care must taken nursery laying selection non germinators nursery nursery located Raiatea Island Most these farmers no longer accept seednuts seedlings nursery We cannot confirm disease transmission story but when we visited Raiatea nursery it was full brontispa beetle hides among nut looks outwardly perfectly healthy butrotten inside happened nutritional risks nuts can stored properly farmers before nuts did nuts per palm per year Actions undertake Reinforce breeding programs Itfeasible create drought tolerant varieties adaptive anatomical biochemical features well known They include leaflets upper epidermal waxy cuticle two times thicker than lower epidermis thicker cuticular edges xylem tracheids thick lignification etc stem girth tall decreases between dawn midday before increasing again during afternoon suggesting stem organized control water transport allowing response drought stress Preserve traditional varieties created elders water consumption Specifically best varieties will obesity is least partially psychological conditioning first cause obesity might objectionable objective safeguard alleles populations sub populations demes objective safeguard alleles populations sub populations demes objective safeguard alleles populations sub populations following specific actions proposed Short term actions next three years Assessing analysing diversity genepool centre diversity situ on farm priority Upper Amazon Mesoamerica including understanding threats objective safeguard alleles populations sub populations following specific actions proposed Short term actions next three years Assessing analysing diversity cacao genepool centre diversity situ on farm priority Upper Amazon Mesoamerica including understanding threats objective since outbreak disease s Frosty pod rot objectives To validate promising cocoa objectives To validate promising varieties farmersfields through participatory approaches to increase sustainability crop improvement programmes through validation dissemination selected varieties between partners to exchange information disseminate results to establish maintain functional linkages between national breeding programmes international genebanks quarantine centres international research development efforts These examples show farmersknowledge their own planting material can also successfully exploited carry out selection breeding activities participatory manner Breeding yield new Breeding pest observe genebank characteristics these populations using morphological productivity molecular traits DNA analysis instance if population "Vanuatu Tall Nipekaprove Observed projected changes climate Pacific region obsolete informationOver obstacle protection wild species but also major cause obtain administrative authorization necessary before collecting trip dur obtain administrative authorization necessary before collecting trip dur obtain heterogeneous mix fast slow growing palms obtained obtained Respondents located different countries obtaining them occasionally indicating active interest utilization occasionally indicating active interest utilization occur occur infected palms occur regular predictable intervals occur small groups it not known how disease spreads naturally Occurrence severity We occur they linked agricultural commodities high demand fact occurred s Pacific families Occurrence severity Climate changeaffecting Pacific life significant complex ways Impacts vary across region depending socio cultural economic context geology ecology islands Pacific islands face highest disaster risk per capita terms globally Three main sources quantifying risk region EMDAT Desinventar PCRAFI study conducted analysed these sources Noy & Edmonds It concluded they underestimate risks Occurrence severity harvesting storage freshwater Occurrence severity In many places mixed croppingused occurrences among responses As shown Plate when crossing respondentsjobs nature constraints risks ocean atolls phenomenonnot new but swell sweep fallen coconuts strands saltwater stays longer land contributes high salinization soils fresh water lens atolls inducing decrease production odour taste clearly detected panellists study confirmed once VCO undergoes brief photooxidation subsequent protection using light barrier packaging material will of teh West Indies St Augustine Trinidad p CacaoNet Towards Global Cacao of teh West Indies St Augustine Trinidad p COGENT offend consumers reduce over office Sydney which assist companies meeting requirements when exporting Australia Local authorities suggested subsidise cost small enterprises meet Officer his country indicated he took over official mandate official mandate official mandate official mandate official mandate official mandate official mandate official mandate official mandate conserving cacao regional officially put their materials public officially put their materials public officials try protect society against risks often absent new areas away often follows discontinuous rhythms loaded more than two hundred nuts
produce fewer than ten nuts following year Characterization taxonomic traits flower colour flush colour pod bean size etc carried out routine basis often fumigated methyl bromide destroy insects arthropod pest often mentioned Most occurrences refer structural dysfunctions commercial often mixed other varieties when making chocolate Forastero type cacaos were originally collected often occurring often require setting credits setting efficient regulations against bankruptcy Occurrence severity There estimated million smallholder farmers world often select most robust seedlings replanting areas their farm can widely seen Ghana Côte d'Ivoire Nigeria Seed gardens Selected bi parental crosses mainly multiplied mono clonal often select most robust seedlings replanting areas their farm can widely seen Ghana Côte d'Ivoire Nigeria Seed gardens Selected bi parental crosses mainly multiplied mono clonal often selected parent palms often severely injured When planted closed houses when cyclone occurs uprooted stems damage roofs cars study was conducted hospital Kirakira small community Solomon Islands Within year period trauma admissions involved children Among them were palm trauma including often subject vagaries nature markets But when value land increases when land becomes scarce oil oil become independent other oil seeds could stabilize prices coconut related products Niche markets opportunity avoid large variations prices if market remains economically viable niche long new players oil edible product This event oil expelling cake oil household level hand oil Italso possible compare different oilseed prices Lastly International Community ICC gathers oil palm kernels also kind oilseen inferior product perception combined imported soybean oil cheaper than locally produced oil see risk description n° more details leads shift towards consumption soybean oil subsidies some countries provide other oils old people often remain farms hard workprobably third reason fields typically grass cover old planters their families standardized collection form should developed collaboratively It must stressed important step will old planters their families standardized collection form should developed collaboratively It must stressed important step will ometimes special kind mixture reverence contempt situation on farm selections proved good best on station selections best currently on farm selections proved good best on station selections best currently on learnt above two examples demonstrates associations should rely clear requirement work collectively list below gives some examples possible clear requirements Enabling certifications international standards on success organizations Once evaluated selected accessions possess requested traits can sent intermediate quarantine distribution countries interested acquiring germplasm use breeding programmes evaluation activities illustrated Figure above point To facilitate selection new accessions introduced user countries list main traits accessions held ICQC R should once every years once every years can annualized taking
account number accessions involved one year One off costs have Once pest one accession one another e g CRU/UWI uses MS Access CATIE use DBGermo coconut water common feature among local information management systemslimited availability one another e g CRU/UWI uses MS Access CATIE use DBGermo coconut water common feature among local information management systemslimited availability one before each member countryreal progress because it makes communication much more efficient sustained composition role Steering Committee SC was modified order both increase its stability allow other member countries fully participate decision making It was decided countries hosting international genebanks will one case branding cultivar Thai variety named Ham Homfamous aromatic water It one centres Consortium International Agricultural Research Centres CGIAR created reduce hunger poverty improve human nutrition health protect environment One Bioversity one centres Consortium International Agricultural Research Centres CGIAR created reduce hunger poverty improve human nutrition health protect environment One Bioversity one CIRAD Montpellier French Guyana USDA also make their materials available international distribution exception these collections therelittle international exchange germplasm surveys show one CIRAD Montpellier French Guyana USDA also make their materials available international distribution exception these collections therelittle international exchange germplasm surveys show one controlled cross between palms one country another according varieties Sri Lanka most King sold drinking street cut long before they reach their sweetest taste but it seems this way Sri Lankan like it much regret some tourists Therea method preparing water sterilizes product yet maintains its flavour nutrition shelf life water can improved eliminating enzyme causes degradation quality i e polyphenol oxidase peroxidase enzyme Heat treatment one country another It becomes more difficult when you deal people one cover one end Close other end few holes one farm Working incentives risk analysis two complementary tasks Indeed if risks one fell swoop case lightning trunks trees one hectare Brazil Pacific farmers would plant manage more than four hectares most workmanual no cover one island another Actions undertake Collaborations between farmer groups experts working planting material those working pest one island another Tuvalu Even if case transfer was well prepared non sprouted seednuts therea risk of disease one its kind observed one kaipoa palm my farm but I cut it two years ago Why Over one location additional maintained two locations one location additional maintained two locations one location another including quarantines See Figure COGENT one location another including quarantines See Figure GSCC information portal would also provide users possibility request material on line through germplasm ordering system MTAs CacaoNet website will one major cacao growing region another since many pest one major coconut growing region another since many pest One most dramatic cane toad initially introduced control insects sugarcane plantations main problem poisoning many animals eat cane toad which one other databases user can linked directly relevant page collaborating website databases use same variety identification codes Web services allow information management system query distributed databases integrate results its own output removing physically transfer user other database Figure Components CNCC information portal C Turnbull Reading University one other databases user can linked directly relevant page collaborating website databases use same variety identification codes Web services allow information management system query distributed databases integrate results its own output removing physically transfer user other database Figure Components GSCC information portal C Turnbull Reading University one palm touch another if rats can climb neighbouring trees one strategies employedto keep rivers cleandredging them one third collectionsafety duplicated another location It remains decided how improve security collection which accessions should conserved what form costs cryobanking further accessions included one off cost Section Annual costs US$ Number accessions Annual recurring cost per accession Total annual recurring cost maintaining existing accessions Annual cost acquiring additional accessions non compounded Total annual capital costs Total Annual cost CIP CIP Andean roots tubers collection comprises approximately accessions species mostly held vitro culture most important oca Oxalis tuberosa accessions olluco Ullucus tuberosus accessions mashua Tropaeolum tuberosum accessions majority accessions also maintained field one third collectionsafety duplicated another location It remains decided how improve security collection which accessions should conserved what form costs cryobanking further accessions included one off cost Section Annual costs US$ Number accessions Annual recurring cost per accession Total annual recurring cost maintaining existing accessions Annual cost acquiring additional accessions non compounded Total annual capital costs Total Annual cost CIP CIP Andean roots tubers collection comprises approximately accessions species mostly held vitro culture most important oca Oxalis tuberosa accessions olluco Ullucus tuberosus accessions mashua Tropaeolum tuberosum accessions majority accessions also maintained field one tick per row Carried out routine basis Carried out occasionally one tick per row Distributed locally Distributed outside country Never distributed Locally collected accessions Accessions originating one tick per row Methods Mostly Rarely Never Rooted cuttings Budded one tick per row Regularly once one tick per row Yes major effect Yes minor effect No effect Affecting trees one tick per row Yes No Dont know Does institute own collection Does institute one tonne dried beans one tonne dried beans one two years Tinangaja viroid CTiVd causes lethal Tinangaja disease palm Guam Itrelated viroid CCCVd causes lethal Cadang cadang disease palm Philippines one used process In Thailand processors use microfiltration water fact water one variety palms one year most precocious dwarfs ones implemented CRU/UWI CATIE including continuing make available best selections through ICQC R following specific actions proposed Short term actions next three years Supporting network field trials participating evaluation CNCC materials multiple sites would include distribution material following Safe Movement Guidelines through international regional quarantine facilities ones implemented CRU/UWI CATIE including continuing make available best selections through ICQC R following specific actions proposed Short term actions next three years Supporting network field trials participating evaluation GSCC materials multiple sites would include distribution material following Safe Movement Guidelines through international regional quarantine facilities ongoing concerning collection ongoing efforts research institutes USDA CIRAD industry analyse diversity genepool held ex situ ongoing efforts research institutes USDA CIRAD industry analyse diversity genepool held ex situ ongoing efforts research institutes USDA CIRAD industry analyse diversity cacao genepool held ex situ ongoing efforts research institutes USDA CIRAD industry analyse diversity cacao genepool held ex situ ongoing research sensorial characterization some accessions Chalmers collection use germplasm breeding programmes however remains limited our understanding it Bartley stated years ago performance bi clonal hybridsnot related performance parents clones ongoing research sensorial characterization some accessions Chalmers collection use germplasm breeding programmes however remains limited our understanding it Bartley stated years ago performance bi clonal hybridsnot related performance parents clones online CIDP survey Categories Priority Total Pon dered total Good planting material farmers Securing farmers income Land landscape cultivation National policies Diversification higher value product Professionalizing producers their organizations Good cultivation practices Pest online Interest rates agriculture loans generally range online many systems restricted access online many systems restricted access only during drought period but also following three years constraining development female flowers Mitigation adaptation During severe droughts only hinders efficient conservation but also hampers effectiveness germplasm evaluation use Comprehensive assessment individual accession identitytherefore high priority task Evaluation germplasm economically important traits has only hinders efficient conservation but also hampers effectiveness germplasm evaluation use Comprehensive assessment individual accession identity phylo only how well only how well only husk g husk fruit weigthing g when most varieties only increase yields dynamic only islands can used purpose various kinds sites inland can fit long they protected only knowledge but also practices which even more challenging record When observing traditional farmers agricultural officers scientists often find they undertake only needs high investments but also great functional stability obtaining convincing results field varietal improvement research station should operational least twenty years Major threats only regulator but controlled entire value chain only these oils but also oil Virgin oil VCO whose mass production only Vanuatu Pacific region but because it
help understand fight LYLD diseases cause much more damage globally than CFD References R Labouisse J P Sileye T Vanuatu disease foliar decay CFD R J P Labouisse K Mapusua J Ollivier et V Kumar planting material Pacific Region http //replantcoconut blogspot com CPDT foliar decay pest only visual appraisal but also fruit analysis conducted directly farmers fields securing Onne Annual costs US$ Number accessions Annual recurring cost per accession Total annual recurring cost maintaining existing accessions Annual cost acquiring additional accessions non compounded Total annual capital costs Total Annual cost IITA Cassava cassava collection comprises approximately accessions large majority which African origin Thereessentially no over Onne Annual costs US$ Number accessions Annual recurring cost per accession Total annual recurring cost maintaining existing accessions Annual cost acquiring additional accessions non compounded Total annual capital costs Total Annual cost IITA Cassava cassava collection comprises approximately accessions large majority which African origin Thereessentially no over Onne field collection Thereno safety duplication vitro collection duplicates field collection much unique materialheld Bioversity Onne field collection Thereno safety duplication vitro collection duplicates field collection much unique materialheld Bioversity ons ons ons preparing further similar investments To launch large water business Pacific region economic feasibility study should conducted preferably private partners already involved business Fiji onwards Figure Map world showing principal routes movement cacao germplasm Source Figure in Bartley BGD onwards More onwards More onwards Pacific region When surveying varieties asking questions farmers gardeners replyoften I dont know but I know one onwards ten EET clones Ecuador onwards ten EET clones Ecuador open collaborative participatory systems which farmer every other stakeholder chain networkflexible choosing business partners technology well food production opportunities facilities which opportunities facilities which opportunities July Chania Crete Greece pp International farming opportunity review its content provide feedback Please return completed survey Martin Gilmour email fax opportunity value chain instance some Pacific countries plenty land presently optimal there also wild species whole gives impression disorder close nature While yield
higher it does optimized research remains important component annual costs structure collectionsgenerally optimized research remains important component annual costs structure collectionsgenerally option efficiently manage pest org org Caobisco www caobisco com CATIE www catie ac cr CBD www cbd int CEPICAFE www cepicafe com pe CEPLAC www ceplac gov br CFC www common fund org CGIAR www cgiar org CIRAD www cirad fr CNRA www cnra ci COPAL www copal cpa org CPCRI www cpcri gov in CPQP www idhsustainable org Dollet M De Franqueville H & Ducamp M Bud rot other major diseases potential threat oil palm Paper presented at Existing Emerging Pest org fj/sector opportunities/manufacturing IT Division Weekly price update products https //coconutcommunity org/statistics/weekly_price_update# Lin J Flachsbarth I & Cramon Taubadel S role institutional quality performance export products GlobalFood Discussion Paper University org Global Crop Diversity Trust Global Crop Diversity Trust Trust was established under international law organization October founded FAO Bioversity org will org//pest org//pest org//pest org//pest org//pest org//pest org//prevention Cueto C coconut water Johnson V B R Engelmann F Kembu coconut water Konan J L & Wise S F Technical guidelines safe movement duplication Cocos nucifera L germplasm using embryo culture transfer protocols Montpellier France COGENT org/images/stories/document/Expert consultation draft report final doc Engels JMM Generating benefits conserving distributing organic organic organic organic certification Although much VCO production organic certified seednuts remains rare therea market them Niue Fiji organic farmers organic if no unwanted products used during delay Another pointthat if farmnot organic surroundings farms will organic management plans outline how they will organic manure needed reduce breeding sites CRB Sanitation plant materialscurrently organic standards well quite number them form public organization but organization CacaoNet guidelines safe movement cacao germplasm order they can promoted its Regional Plant Protection Organizations Exploring feasibility using vitro methods germplasm distribution through research project Raising awareness new safe movement guidelines through circular e mails INGENIC COPAL conference etc set additional web links Bioversity organization COGENT Organization ICCO ICCO was established under auspices United Nations administer provisions International Cocoa Organization ICCO indicate cocoa Organization ICCO International Cocoa Organization ICCRI Indonesian Coffee Cocoa organization
also exist other pacific countries It
help develop niche markets At farm level entering ecotourism industry
help stabilize incomes Indonesian farmer achieved great commercial success launching activity Airbnb Heteaching tourists how produce virgin oil traditional way Pacific region could also benefit organization was initiated conducting two organisational assessments two participative meetings organizational At last COCOTECH conference we presented paper incentives boosting production organizational structure scale over organizations often must deal conflicts members compete funding conflicts interest fraud theft funds
occur Collective production organizations often opposed civil servants politicians intermediaries organizations view attracting funding steering research towards issues which affect our industry Association Chocolate Biscuits Confectionery Industries Europe CAOBISCO through its national associations represents + companies across these three product categories terms raw materials usage we represent over organizations which appreciate role organizations which appreciate role cacao organophosphates organochlorine pyrethroids carbamate thiocarbamate strobilurin water SDME/GCMS Microchemical Journal Pue coconut water G Kaluwin C Sundarrao C Singh K Burrows I Aflatoxins Papua New Guinea copra copra meal Science New Guinea Fediol Flow chart production organs under sterile conditions nutrient culture medium known composition Plant tissue culturewidely used produce clones plant method known micropropagation Growing plantlets sterile containers allows them moved reduced chances transmitting diseases pest origin risk spontaneous natural original population through original trees originally applied originate originate origins Oryctes beetles can enter but cannot leave feed chicken young pigs beetle In theory organic certified farmers must Oryctesactive ©Serge Amiot Plate New copra oven available kit based system drawers mounted on rails developed French Polynesia References Aruna T Utilization defatted meal development value added food products Doctoral dissertation Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth Parbhani Balawan D D Processing Manual Virgin Oil its Products Osceola' 'Bunch' Queensland J J 'Local White' 'Local Black' Tanzania Mucuna
able reproduced cuttings another species closely related Mucuna Bractea techniqueas follows Select cuttings having three nodes apply slanting cut other accepted method Actions undertake Over other accepted method In order
assess boost value chain group recommends agricultural services create and/or strengthen national farmers databases create well documented parent palm databases using method datasheets other benefits e g nurseries fish marine invertebrates Inland flooding Ba Nadi Rewa other areas Fiji other cacao collections Number accessions Number duplicates other closely fitting lid fixed ground vertically aid pole other collecting expeditions other collecting expeditions other collections ICQC R uses their own MTA requesting donor genebank confirming they agree material passed third party purpose disseminated germplasm according surveys mainly evaluation breeding research activities taxonomy related studies factors limiting use new germplasm
breeding lack information other collections ICQC R uses their own MTA requesting donor genebank confirming they agree material passed third party purpose disseminated germplasm according surveys mainly evaluation breeding research activities taxonomy related studies factors limiting use new germplasm
breeding lack information other continents In many countries Pacific region it emerges other countries other countries other countries illustrate claim CIDP CIRAD other countries
induce human diseases dur other crops can sustain farmers during period when palms other crops most damage other cultivars existing country international level instance cultivar Brazilian Yellow Dwarf” other delegate mandated above stakeholders involved value chain invited apply participating meeting stakeholders other elements placed other food lure bark can used well Chemicals leaves once converted bacteria similar brodifacoum commercial baits Solomon Islands Barringtonia asiatica fruits' white inner flesh other forms land use other forms land use Making decisions little information F Post harvest processing Harvest post harvest handling Aflatoxins bacteria chemicals Palatability practicality products G Economics marketing Purchasing price products Finance insurance business profitable business aromatic water Cost organic fair trade certification Trading accessibility remote farms other forms land use Making decisions little information F Risks other genebanks most significant increases since were collections other genebanks most significant increases since were collections other genebanks new accession
other genera related T cacao other genera related T coconut other institutions More informationavailable TropGENE website CoconutGenDBa database comprises molecular other institutions More informationavailable TropGENE website Cocoa other intellectual property right other LYLDs spread there limited control methods Therenot economically viable chemical nor organic treatment against LYLDs agricultural context Phytoplasma can controlled injection tetracycline type antibiotics
trunk requires bi weekly systemic treatment four monthly schedule whichnot affordable agricultural production other mechanisms innovations diffusion promotion Run workshops enlighten local people talk separately people negatively affected innovation Example Local healers other media controlled growth conditions other media controlled growth conditions used mainly safety duplication field collections rapid multiplication dissemination disease free planting material drawback vitro conservationthat material demands regular sub culturing might subject somaclonal variation Therefore rejuvenation verification truenesstotype conserved germplasm other micro organisms enter body thereby causing illness Papua New Guinea launched copra assessors inspectors training programincrease farmersknowledge consequences producing smoked contaminated copra One simple tests done indicate right quality copra moisture test using moisture meter test will other national collections other national level agricultural services other stakeholders should provide farmers range least six different varieties including Tall Dwarf Compact Dwarf Hybrid eventually composite varieties explain farmers specificity each variety regarding environmental adaptation cultural practices reduce over other oilseeds other people other plants were previously growing especially land previously cover other proprietary interest accession list other requirements relating availability germplasm LONG TERM SECURITY COLLECTION responses following questions important providing other similar media post good pictures dwarf coconuts Some them get quite lot customers Hawaii gardenersuccessively selling its variety USD per seedling Actions undertake search long term contracts other sources Together they maintain accessions There
other sources Together they maintain accessions There
other stakeholders Another reason why some agricultural extension services other stakeholders improve storage transportation conditions Dedicated loans subsidized rates can decided other stakeholders value chain Please cite three classify them priority order In which country you living you farmer tropical gardener other stresses other stresses other tree crops will other Your email optional It will our ancestorsplace were they took seednuts it was mix of some local tall varieties Malayan Yellow Red Dwarfs Tahitian Red Dwarfs Compact dwarfs Our plans period modified title Global Strategy consists ten key components illustrated Figure detailed Sections which together will our relations it which makes inadequate strategies developed reach our objectives out DNA testing Germination test before storage Disease diagnostics before storage Viability monitoring during storage Field health inspections vitro costs kind Seed health testing This activity involves testing seed health often carried out upon acquisition out DNA testing Germination test before storage Disease diagnostics before storage Viability monitoring during storage Field health inspections vitro costs kind Seed health testing This activity involves testing seed health often carried out upon acquisition out plants morphological characterization well molecular characterization identification and elimination duplicates Safety duplication includes cost both seed vitro duplication long term seed storage contains almost double number accessions than number considered unique entire collection Thisbecause duplicates out plants morphological characterization well molecular characterization identification and elimination duplicates Safety duplication includes cost both seed vitro duplication long term seed storage contains almost double number accessions than number considered unique entire collection Thisbecause duplicates out their field action Researchersresponses also diversified but one could outbreaks insect pest outside country outside country outside country Clones Seedlings What factors if limit use materials breeding outside country no information was requested type agreement safety duplication general opinion expertsthat outside country no information was requested type agreement safety duplication general opinion expertsthat over over over over over over over over over over over over owners managers model farm nurseries demonstration plots will PA M F SCA M F SCA group Pac Health Dialog Velasquez Melendez G Molina M D C B Benseñor I M Cardoso L O Fonseca M D J M Moreira coconut water D & Barreto S M Sweetened soft drinks consumptionassociated metabolic syndrome Cross sectional analysis Pacific Climate Development NareshKumar S Ollivier J & R Section climate change coastal areas Chapter Pacific countries Pacific countries Farmers can start plant test some Compact Dwarfs themselves In Solomon Islands seek palms Pacific countries often fumigated methyl bromide order destroy insects other arthropod pest Pacific farmers they mainly smallholders cultivating one Pacific formulate fertilizer recommendations either organic Pacific Island countries really best i e creation maintenance traditional varieties amazing work was achieved islanderselders It seems modern generation Pacific Island Countries Territories PICTs while improving resilience reducing vulnerability impacts climate change consequences extreme climatic events devastating millions people worldwide they become increasingly common more severe less Pacific islanders amongst most self sufficient well nourished peoples worldOn other hand truly extraordinary contribution Pacific region comes Pacific Islands can considered organicobtaining certification proves difficult costly producers Additionally countries Pacific developing standards whatconsidered VCO standards VCO production Pacific region Pacific region Advanced processing fresh kernels transforms coconuts
virgin oil VCO desiccated coconuts milk cream other products VCOprocessed either larger scale factories Pacific region best farmers Pacific region but also Pacific region but Southeast Asia rebellions agricultural production Pacific region continue plant traditional varieties selected Pacific region itmore Pacific region multiplied times During period agricultural landscapes practices were profoundly brutally modified Many islanders were forced work plantations copra drying ovens many islands population was decimated diseases imported Europeans Pacific region multiplied times lot senile plantations now slowly returning bush Pacific region some other countries Communication TH APCC COCOTECH Conference & Exhibition August Berkeley Hotel Pratunam Bangkok Thailand Also published CORD Damoah I S Akwei C coconut water Amoako I O & Botchie D Corruption Source GovernPacific region some other countries Communication TH APCC COCOTECH Conference & Exhibition August Berkeley Hotel Pratunam Bangkok Thailand Damoah I S Akwei C coconut water Amoako I O & Botchie D Corruption Source GovernPacific region thisnot practiced concept should introduced nurseries also farmers Pacific region was multiplied landraces Pacific region whole It triggers spiral increased external dependence growing trade imbalance allocation foreign exchange available consumption Pacific region will paid Even if farmalready organic according farmer delayed conversion period three years will pair crossing For more information see Breese Crossa and Vencovsky Gale Lawrence Gregorius pale distinctly bright yellow colouring Premature dropping nuts ages progressively follows whether they ripe pale violet beans palm palm endemic moth Levuana iridescens seems extinct because its biological control introduced fly Bessa remota see Plate Many less palm its cultivation It was inspired real story known some Tahitians French Polynesia passed down generations th century sailor disembarking palm most situations fruits produced during one semester remaining during other semester Irrigation can help reduce variation but will palm oil soybean etc Price oil palm soy rapeseed etc World market price coconuts also influences local market price Mitigation adaptation This risk could mitigated ensuring regularity supply marketing good quality coconuts example storage palm thief It largest land living arthropod world weight kg lb crabs cannot open fresh coconuts when still palm crab was listed IUCN Red List vulnerable species but lack biological palms palms palms palms palms palms palms palms palms palms palms papaya breadfruit eggplant among others paper tried explore possible incentives boost production Papua New Guinea accessions Indonesia Bah Lias Research Station accessions French Guiana CIRAD accessions France CIRAD accessions UK ICQC R accessions USDA accessions Malaysia accessions Most collections experienced some degree Papua New Guinea accessions Indonesia Bah Lias Research Station accessions French Guiana CIRAD accessions France CIRAD accessions UK ICQC R accessions USDA accessions Malaysia accessions Most collections experienced some degree Papua New Guinea Compact Dwarfs Pará Suepa CEPLAC/SUEPA Comissão Executiva Pará Suepa CEPLAC/SUEPA Comissão Executiva parent palms part diversityin public part diversityin public Part Improvement Vanuatu Tall mass selection Oléagineux Corps Gras Lipides OCL Yang Y Iqbal coconut water & Qadri R Breeding Cocos Nucifera l tree life Advances Plant Breeding Strategies Fruits pp Springer Cham Traditional varieties part its thickness gluing pull tab makes it easier open fruit They sell their husked drinking euros European supermarkets which seems still too expensive attract large volume consumers partially domesticated species fibrous huskhard except some Participants agreed situation Pacific countries regarding planting materialhighly variable ranges participating institutions industry supported two consecutive projects germplasm utilization conservation which involved fourteen institutes producing consuming countries www common fund org Global participating institutions industry supported two consecutive projects cocoa participating member countries taking account one vote per member country Until each country member was represented COGENT participatory variety selection breeding farmer field schools Mechanisms identifying communicating key threats crop security/food security negative trends crop participatory variety selection breeding farmer field schools Therefore major situ on farm component Global Strategy should focus generation management pertinent socio economic biological information other principal elements participatory variety selection cacao breeding farmer field schools Mechanisms identifying communicating key threats crop security/food security negative trends crop participatory variety selection cacao breeding farmer field schools Therefore major situ on farm component Global Strategy should focus generation management pertinent socio economic biological information other principal elements particular particular particular risk cocoa particular risk sectors surrounding them significant decline COGENT particularly serious partner research organizations based their feedback revised draft was produced COGENT partner will partners COGENT Partners networks Global Strategy annex Partners networks Global Strategy Bioversity Partners networks Global Strategy Bioversity Partners networks Global Strategy Bioversity partners vii Preface Abstract Introduction Global Strategy Background title modified more dynamic Origin history dynamics cultivation modified title Cultivation current production Partnership help secure economic social environmental sustainability cocoa Partnership Kraft Partnership's success depends collaborations established other companies governPAS Average completion rate descriptors passport section in orange color when completion ratelow less passed away will passed through ICQC R facility many shipments passport characterization evaluation management stored also varies between genebanks using database often combination spreadsheets paper records using passport characterization evaluation management stored also varies between genebanks using database often combination spreadsheets paper records using past century Records past decade more than international germplasm came past years past years past years Future reef growth can mitigate physical impacts sea level rise atoll islands although reefs
past years Increase average annual rainfall fewer droughts extreme rainfall events will past years mite Aceria guerreronis Keifer past years will past years will pasteurization Ultra Heat Treatment
inhibit growth these enzymes although can result loss waters unique desirable properties Some companies marketing mature water pastured cows pathogen attack natural enemies pest pathogens Pathogens Fact Sheets https //apps lucidcentral org/pppw_v /text/web_full/entities/coconut_tinangaja_ htm Rohde W Randles J W Langridge P & Hanold D Nucleotide sequence circular single stranded DNA associated foliar decay virus Virology Oryctes rhinoceros beetle pathogens success tissue culture plantlets commercial scale depends ability transfer plants out culture large scale low cost high survival rates For planting material main risks pathogentested intermediate quarantine collection Region region transfer budwood should usually take place via quarantine centre Post entry quarantine stations present some coconutproducing countries used primarily material newly imported
country question length time postentry quarantine can vary pathogentested intermediate quarantine collection Region region transfer budwood should take place via quarantine centre International standards phytosanitary measures published Secretariat International Plant Protection Convention IPPC should followed Securing funding intermediate quarantine centresa priority ensure distribution germplasm use Material Transfer Agreements MTAs between countries exchanging germplasm via intermediate quarantine should enforced ensure linkage between genebank receiving countrymaintained well minimising impact misidentifications Strengthening networking partnerships global collaboration Trainingneeded allow genebank curators adopt new propagation methods conservation technologies capacity national partners needs built strengthen evaluation interesting materials use breeding programmes Considerable resources pathogentested intermediate quarantine collection Region region transfer budwood should usually take place via quarantine centre Post entry quarantine stations present some cocoa pathogentested intermediate quarantine collection Region region transfer budwood should take place via quarantine centre International standards phytosanitary measures published Secretariat International Plant Protection Convention IPPC should followed Securing funding intermediate quarantine centresa priority ensure distribution germplasm use Material Transfer Agreements MTAs between countries exchanging germplasm via intermediate quarantine should enforced ensure linkage between genebank receiving countrymaintained well minimising impact misidentifications Strengthening networking partnerships global collaboration Trainingneeded allow genebank curators adopt new propagation methods conservation technologies capacity national partners needs built strengthen evaluation interesting materials use breeding programmes Considerable resources patiently bred developed over paying them weed clean their newly established plantations initiative was based false assumption payment would make farmers develop long term interest their plantations many cases farmers were just interested receiving payment It was later found plantings were Payments Agro Biodiversity Conservation Services PACS Assessing needs situ on farm conservation strategies countries regions located historical dispersal routes especially areas surrounding harbours known their role germplasm transit Payments Agro Biodiversity Conservation Services PACS Assessing needs situ on farm conservation strategies countries regions located cacao historical dispersal routes especially areas surrounding harbours known their role germplasm transit payments were received leaving palms pdf Retrieved August Farmers organizations Pennsylvania State University Pennsylvania State University people animals vehicles equipment are safe possible when storm comes Plans must already thought out fully prepared before disruptions Itsafer people now pay less people stated CIDP meeting held Nadi th April destruction coconuts beetles
also people use term CRB P instead CRB S CRB Gnot affected viral biocontrol isolates per accessiondetermined number needed represent per annum cultivation systems described later Global Strategy cannot considered sustainable per annum cultivation systems described later Global Strategy cannot considered sustainable per clonal accession What methods clonal propagation used per hectare according varieties cultural practices time between planting flowering varies per hectare baht per fruit euros per fruit gross incomeup Euros per hectare per hectare Many plantations reach mature nuts/palm/year Dwarf x Tall hybrids density palms per seedling progeny Average number trees per semester regarding pest per unit area without compromising system's ability maintain its productive capacity per unit products silvicultural activities e g planting weed control thinning pruning harvesting postharvest processing Find ways convince youth stay working agriculture In factories too much menial repetitive physical production perceived losing both identity prerogatives When researching French Polynesia it appeared clearly present situation some ethnic groups Tuamotu would prefer traditional knowledge lost than shared strangers Conflict incompatibility scientific knowledge
lead disappearance traditional knowledge instance French Polynesia farmers apply three distinct classifications male femaletheir palms Perennial Crops Laboratory USDA/ARS BARC PSI SPCL Beltsville MD USA Tel + Dapeng Zhang@ARS USDA GOV Connected via Skype Umaharan Pathmana than Cocoa perfect set seed gardens cannot produce enough seed satisfy demand table perfect transfer ex situ performed periodically Cryopreservation storage propagules liquid nitrogen ultra low temperatures increasingly performed periodically Cryopreservation storage propagules liquid nitrogen ultra low temperatures increasingly perhaps perhaps period period period most non dwarf varieties reach m high period strong variation buying price global value chain GVC critical juncture characterized rapidly growing demand global markets stagnant supply base danger collapse origin countries Limited supply fresh coconuts critical constraining barrier industry growth supply bottleneckrooted persistent low investment years now aging unproductive plantations Investment reverse sluggish supplydesperately needed worldwide Mitigation adaptation Factories should offer good buying prices farmers along year When buying prices already good average they could increase prices during season when supplylow reduce it during season when supplyhigh Marketing communication actions must carried out schools promote consumption local products including among younger generation Actions undertake Even though fair trade certifies farmers workers receive decent remuneration it does period years during which disease did period years November Global Crop Diversity Trust Trust supported meeting major producing countries review update strategy identify priority conservation activities updated strategy was referred COGENT permanent immigration workers permitted CacaoNet steering committee working groups meet coordination network CacaoNetindebted research institutes organizations permitted COGENT permitted organization farmers under single organic certification Internal Control System groups For one group Samoa annual fee organic certification permitted packaging must also follow some rules See below When marketing consider cultural specificities instance we conducted full blind test Vanuatu comparing person contact if I am farmer needing technical help perspective takes form centralized oil manufacturers Provision unified platform validates communication GovernPeru Peru Peruvery difficult Thus most distribution collectiononly within Peru Annual costs US$ Number accessions Annual recurring cost per accession Total annual recurring cost maintaining existing accessions Annual cost acquiring additional accessions non compounded Total annual capital costs Total Annual cost CIP Potato potato collection comprises approximately unique accessions which Peruvery difficult Thus most distribution collectiononly within Peru Annual costs US$ Number accessions Annual recurring cost per accession Total annual recurring cost maintaining existing accessions Annual cost acquiring additional accessions non compounded Total annual capital costs Total Annual cost CIP Potato potato collection comprises approximately unique accessions which Peruvian Amazon using microsatellite DNA markers Tree Peruvian Amazon using microsatellite DNA markers Tree pest pest pest pest pest pest pest pest pest pest pest pest Philippines Indonesia oil exports decreased dur Philippines Sri Lanka invested large foreign corporations Land tenure systems photo oxidative damage Raiatea nursery French Polynesia exposure seednuts strong sunlight low wind area resulted internal rot low germination rates Coconut palms Photooxidation Autooxidation Faculty Agricultural Technology Widya Mataram University physiological traits interest users coconut water first set accessions will physiological traits interest users coconut water first set accessions will physiology pathology Phytophthora pod rot Ppr Caused Phytophthora spp P palmivora P megakarya P capsici P citrophthora P palmivora causes global yield loss P megakarya most important pathogen Central West Africa known most aggressive Ppr pathogens P capsici P citrophthora occur Americas causing significant losses Cultural practices spraying campaigns can ineffective controlling P megakarya phytoplasma viruses viroids manual Cueto et al provides information guidance movement duplication Cocos nucifera L germplasm using embryo culture transfer protocols embryos extracted Phytoplasmas Plant Pathogenic Bacteria I pp Springer Singapore Viral diseases picked time some germinate others dry out pigs goats pigscarried out enclosing seedling large plastic pij represents ith class frequency jth variable This sampling strategy based allele frequency favours core collections fairly distributed allelic classes rather than biased selection rare alleles method pij represents ith class frequency jth variable This sampling strategy based allele frequency favours core collections fairly distributed allelic classes rather than biased selection rare alleles method pink colourintegrated their marketing natural fact Dominican Republic large companies tried microfiltration but they did pioneered somatic embryogenesis SE cocoa pioneering research cocoa pipelines treated wastewater substitution water palm generally grows well Pitfall trapmade m long cm diameter PVC pipe see Plate Two windows x cm each place place leaves husks around palm trunk Plant flat basin bordered pineapples done India country husk coir pith incorporation
sandy soils increased yield place should placed market which will placed nail east side palm placed their cacao germplasm under auspices Governplaced their cacao germplasm under auspices Governplaced their germplasm under auspices Governplaced their germplasm under auspices Governplaces Plan at www nestlecocoa plan com Trust www croptrust org UESC www uesc br UFLA www ufla br UNAN www unan edu ni UNAS www unas edu pe UNSAAC www unsaac edu pe USAID www usaid gov USDA/ARS www ars usda gov USMARC www usm edu ph WCF www worldcocoa plan com United States Department Agriculture USDA USDA Agricultural Research Service ARS currently plan harvest unpopulated remote islands during cyclone season Manage plantation Plan Nestlé believes itof outmost importance preserve cocoa Plan puts major emphasis technical assistance small planters increase farm productivity particular Nestlé aims provide
trees Plan which aims improving lives cocoa Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira CEPEC Brazil CFC Common Fund Commodities Netherlands CGIAR Consultative Group International Agricultural Research CGR Coconut Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira CEPEC Brazil CFC Common Fund Commodities Netherlands CGIAR Consultative Group International Agricultural Research CGR Cacao Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira CEPLAC Instituto Agronômico de Campinas ICA Costa Rica Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza CATIE Côte dIvoire Centre national de recherche agronomique CNRA Cuba Estación de Investigaciones de EIC ECICC Dominican Republic Instituto Dominicano de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales IDIAF Ecuador Instituto Nacional Autónomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIAP France French Guiana Centre de Coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement CIRAD Ghana Research Institute Ghana CRIG Guyana Mabaruma/Hosororo Organic Growers Association MHOCGA Honduras Fundación Hondureña de Investigación Agrícola FHIA India Central Plantation Crops Research Institute CPCRI Indonesia Indonesian Coffee Research Institute ICCRI Bah Lias Research Station Sumatra Malaysia Malaysian Board MCB Nicaragua Laboratorio de BIOciencia UNAN Managua Nigeria Research Institute Nigeria CRIN Papua New Guinea Coconut Institute CCI Peru Central Piurana de Cafetaleros CEPICAFE Instituto de Cultivos Tropicales ICT Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva UNAS Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco UNSAAC Thailand Chumphon Horticultural Research Centre CHRC Togo Centre de recherche agronomique de la zone forestière CRAF Trinidad Tobago Research Unit University Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira CEPLAC Instituto Agronômico de Campinas ICA Costa Rica Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza CATIE Côte dIvoire Centre national de recherche agronomique CNRA Cuba Estación de Investigaciones de Cacao EIC ECICC Dominican Republic Instituto Dominicano de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales IDIAF Ecuador Instituto Nacional Autónomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIAP France French Guiana Centre de Coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement CIRAD Ghana Cocoa Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira Ceplac Superintendência de Desenvolvimento Região Cacaueira no Estado Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira Ceplac Superintendência de Desenvolvimento da Região Cacaueira no Estado de Rondônia Suero CEPLAC/SUERO Instituto Agronômico de Campinas ICA Colombia Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria Costa Rica Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza CATIE Côte dIvoire Centre national de recherche agronomique CNRA Cuba Estación de Investigaciones de Coconut Estación Central de Investigaciones de Café y EIC ECICC Dominican Republic Instituto Dominicano de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales IDIAF Ecuador Instituto Nacional Autónomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIAP France Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement CIRAD French Guiana Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le dévelop pement CIRAD Ghana Research Institute Ghana CRIG Guyana Mabaruma/Hosororo Organic Growers Association MHOCGA Honduras Fundación Hondureña de Investigación Agrícola FHIA India Central Plantation Crops Research Institute CPCRI Indonesia Bah Lias Research Station Sumatra Indonesian Coffee Research Institute ICCRI Malaysia Malaysian Board MCB Nicaragua Laboratorio de BIOciencia UNAN Managua Nigeria Research Institute Nigeria CRIN Papua New Guinea Coconut Institute CCI Peru Central Piurana de Cafetaleros CEPICAFE Instituto de Cultivos Tropicales ICT Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva UNAS Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cuzco UNSAAC Thailand Chumphon Horticultural Research Centre CHRC Togo Centre de Recherche Agronomique de la zone Forestière CRAF Trinidad Tobago Research Unit University Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira Ceplac Superintendência de Desenvolvimento Região Cacaueira no Estado Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira Ceplac Superintendência de Desenvolvimento da Região Cacaueira no Estado de Rondônia Suero CEPLAC/SUERO Instituto Agronômico de Campinas ICA Colombia Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria Costa Rica Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza CATIE Côte dIvoire Centre national de recherche agronomique CNRA Cuba Estación de Investigaciones de Cacao Estación Central de Investigaciones de Café y Cacao EIC ECICC Dominican Republic Instituto Dominicano de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales IDIAF Ecuador Instituto Nacional Autónomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIAP France Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement CIRAD French Guiana Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le dévelop pement CIRAD Ghana Cocoa Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira/Centro de Pesquisas Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira/Centro de Pesquisas plans collecting Some planning request material plans collecting Some planning request material plans what plant again again Maybe they will plant can maintain good vegetation cover plant cells tissues plant materials between islands high risk countries biosecurity/quarantine services issue trap surveillance kits plant palms plant plant LYDL phytoplasmas cannot cultured vitro can plant seedlings without fertilizer it organic plant too densely last case palms plant traditional Tall type varieties In many Pacific countries seednuts seedlings taken mainly plantation If climate change increases occurrence plantation includes many cultivated species banana breadfruit taro sweet potato medicinal plants Maintenancefar plantation planting palms plantations consist currently planted planted case Olomanu Samoa needs more attention Olomanu could planted fields without shade under high input conditions some cases planted first in ex situ planted first in ex situ planted geographical reproductive isolation middle other tree crop plantations Rubber oil palm forest trees planted groups mix give whole greater resilience soft soils planted groups three planted seednuts planted separately middle other perenial tree crops Reorganization SMD include conservation other tree crops increase its economic scientific efficiency example collections rubber palms planted standing fields total amount invested project standard value index should established first estimation included good project should planted them how why These palms planting cacao flowers develop directly trunk main branches tree cauliflorous pollinated small insects pods take approximately five six months develop once ripe planting flowers develop directly trunk main branches tree cauliflorous pollinated small insects pods take approximately five six months develop once ripe planting material should make cocoa planting material these included projects Safeguard ICG T improve energy efficiency ICQC R use molecular techniques gain understanding genotype x environment effect initiate new breeding programme Ghana Dutch Governplanting material Under CIDP project National Association Sustainable planting material We gratefully acknowledge contribution experts planting materials It organizes international workshops cacao planting materials were exchanged between different areas new hybrid populations developed which often planting phase Diversification higher value product Develop use planting Smallholder farmers face difficulties making investments planting Try find Mucuna cultivar best adapted your local conditions among numerous use Mauritius beana black seeded type used green manuring while Australian velvet bean plantlets impact costing Agreeing safety duplication CNCC field genebanks and/or via cryopreservation roles implementing partners network collections Agreeing development CANGIS see details Section Conducting detailed costing study CNCC conservation costs associated services plantlets impact costing Agreeing safety duplication GSCC field genebanks and/or via cryopreservation roles implementing partners network collections Agreeing development CANGIS see details Section Conducting detailed costing study GSCC conservation costs associated services plants
control pest plants must tailored local ecological conditions Some
coral soils plants They plastic bucket litters two metal sheets diameter bucket height m arranged angle making slit each sheet halfway Cross vanes pushed
opening bucket plastic sheets around palm trunk can help deter rats stop them Plate Damage caused squirrels Green Dwarf coconuts Thailand Itrare to observe play important role updating guidelines new information becomes available pest play important role updating guidelines new information becomes available cacao pest play key role over play key role over plenty electronic appliances vehicles clothes etc but most them no longer take care living beings except their families their friends perhaps few pets People saturated too much information They know hundreds varieties cars cell phones clothes music few farmers some gardeners
continue pay attention crop varieties Traditional agricultural knowledge continues disappear Sharing knowledge plus additional characterization plus additional characterization pod borer along decline price cocoa pod borer CPB also known Cocoa pod borer CPCRI Central Plantation Crops Research Institute India CPQP Cocoa pod borer has pod borer
Papua New Guinea pod borer mirids/capsids mosquito bug other insect pest pod borer tolerance pod borer vascular streak dieback addition evaluation selected bi parental crosses clones each participating institution new activities include selection new parental clones assessing flavour aspects exchanged materials will pod borercaused insect Conopomorpha cramerella affects cocoa pod cannot survive drying process and/or storage low temperature Therefore cacao germplasm pod will pod will pods collected pods collected pods occurs two years pods occurs two years Poihega James james poihega@mail gov nu Department Agriculture Forestry & Fisheries Niue Heimuli Likiafu hlikiafu@yahoo com Forestry Division Ministry Agriculture Fisheries Food Forestry Tonga Gruber Monica monica gruber@viclink co nz Victoria University point view conservation poison glands toxic skin Biological control can policies drive directions choice production policy failure These weaknesses result producershigh vulnerability market failure climatic events pest policy makers development operators References Grimwood B E & Ashman F palm products Their processing developing countries No ] FAO agricultural development paper no Food Agriculture Organization Guarte R C Mühlbauer W & Kellert M Drying characteristics copra quality copra oil Postharvest Biology Technology Aflatoxins bacteria chemicals policy making Indeed situation illustrates high level integration value chain segments
strength but it
also weakness governpolitical commercial support Governpolitical network pollen contamination Three possible declinations Polymotu concept presently studied Inland Ex situ pollen needed evaluation incorporation
breeding programmes However pollen needed evaluation incorporation
breeding programmes However pollen needed evaluation well pollen needed evaluation well pollen will Polymotu concept see chapter zz It comprises two main components duplication fifty accessions Tall type cultivars plantation geographical reproducive isolation other experimental sites CNRA Each accession will Polymotu project Samoa CGIAR more precisely its member institution Bioversity Polynesian rat kimoa kiore Black rat Polynesian Tall parents would imported polyphenol content cadmium accumulation example polyphenol content cadmium accumulation example poor farmer his neighbours creating fact unexpected event introducing new risk Our recommendation was installing traps close but out plantations preferably install poor sanitary conditions induced cyclone Occurrence severity Cyclones occurring more poorer countries presently done Australia New Zealand Cook Islands Pacific region Actions undertake Labour costusually major component capital outlay operating cost smallholder tree crop projects Ittherefore important populated capitals They often initiate practical measures support these policies One these measuresto subsidize transport agricultural artisanal production population population population finally stagnation decline agricultural production population
drive them active during daytime also Gnawing damage rats can often seen young nuts but population representative wild germplasm present If trees population representative wild germplasm present If trees populations but rather maintain them state equilibrium reduces damage plantations We strongly recommend integrated pest populations collected near Cotabato Philippines during Course grid strategysurvey East African Tall Kenya EAT corresponds former Kenya Tall conserved India Malayan Yellow Dwarf Jamaica MYD more heterogeneous than usual MYD population populations Compact Dwarfs selected Pacific gardeners their daily food populations generally under control damage CRB causes palms populations held ICG T Further exploration resistance populations keep pest populations level below which they cause economic harm through synergistical use various management approaches Biological control biocontrol often preferable method controlling pest populations protected areas populations protected areas populations Tropical Agriculture CGIAR/SRGP decision support tool developed part project Collective Action Rehabilitation Global public Porcelanacacao south lake Maracaibo Venezuela Chunchocacao Cuzco area Peru Bolivian Nacionalvarieties Until Porcelanasouth lake Maracaibo Venezuela ChunchoCuzco area Peru Bolivian Nacionalvarieties Until portal accessing relevant information key component establishment management use Global Collection CNCC As part CNCC information portal central database CANGIS COGENT portal accessing relevant information key component establishment management use Global Strategic Cacao Collection GSCC As part GSCC information portal central database CANGIS CacaoNet Germplasm Information System will Portal Users required acknowledge sources poses problems large small landholders around globe Corruption issues affect land title tenure credit availability quality supplies water allocation marketing development agribusinessesrural position without receiving single page information positive impact individual's health physical performance possess ancestral significance clan
decide isolate farmer trying replant punishment Mitigation adaptation Mitigation prevention
rely careful choice mode timing communication regarding innovation first risk described itimportant anticipate possible negative impacts change practices communicate them requires multi dimension analyses agronomic knowledgenot sufficient needs complemented social understanding possible consequences changes In same vein recognition reward processes should implemented those possibilities long term funding support CNCC Promoting/holding continued discussions Secretariat International Treaty countries maintaining materials targeted CNCC promote designation germplasm under Treaty following example CATIE CRU/UWI Agreeing best practices collection management develop standards Promoting implementation genebank management standards dissemination germplasm related information Long term actions beyond three years Continuing coordination CNCC including support documentation Continuing effort characterise evaluate germplasm international priority national genebanks towards establishment CNCC Identifying duplicates based characterisation priority materials Rationalizing international national collections within framework CNCC Identifying priority set accessions vitro culture facilitate distribution through quarantine facilities if feasibility study validates use technology Ensuring safety duplication CNCC using appropriate possibilities long term funding support GSCC Promoting/holding continued discussions Secretariat International Treaty countries maintaining cacao materials targeted GSCC promote designation germplasm under Treaty following example CATIE CRU/UWI Agreeing best practices cacao collection management develop standards Promoting implementation genebank management standards dissemination germplasm related information Long term actions beyond three years Continuing coordination GSCC including support documentation Continuing effort characterise evaluate germplasm international priority national genebanks towards establishment GSCC Identifying duplicates based characterisation priority materials Rationalizing international national collections within framework GSCC Identifying priority set accessions vitro culture facilitate distribution through quarantine facilities if feasibility study validates use technology Ensuring safety duplication GSCC using appropriate possible possible change environment possible facilitate identification CNCC including breeding evaluation possible facilitate identification GSCC including breeding evaluation possible Monitoring rat populationsrecommended can done rat traps tracking tunnels possible please indicate what purposes disseminated materials used Purposes Frequent use Moderate use Rare use Never used Research activities taxonomy related studies Characterization Evaluation Pre breeding Breeding Biotechnological research Distribution growers What if conditions possible supporting priority actions possible supporting priority actions possible
combination methods pest possible under slow growth conditions possible under slow growth conditions possibly reducing risk disease Festive ceremonial traditional events purchasing food ingredients regular cooking consuming practices some behaviours identified help introduce pass traditional food knowledge younger generations References Kessaram T McKenzie J Girin N Merilles O E coconut water Pullar J Roth coconut water & Hoy D Over possibly spray sulphur WP wet crown region infested surrounding palms post entry quarantine facilities either site post entry quarantine facilities either site post entry virus indexing
post entry virus indexing
Poster Presentation th International Research Conference Bali Indonesia November van de Wouw M van Hintum T Kik C van Treuren R Visser B potential become major disease addition palm death caused phytoplasmas can provide breeding sites exacerbate Oryctes rhinoceros problem LYLDs caused potential benefits world cocoa potential benefits world economy large particularly countries contributing potential cacao should investigated further potential food shortages hazards potential mitigate information asymmetry New tools using satellite potential should investigated further Pound collection Breeding programmes Brazil Pound collection Morona Nanay Ucayali Maranon Anglo Colombian collection Apaporis Caqueta Caguan Cauca Infrida Negro Putumayo Vaupes IBPGR Bolivian collection Rio Beli Brazilian collection river basins including Jari Amapá Maicuru Pará Jamari Rondonia Ji paraná Acre Laco Tarauacá Purus Japurá Amazonas Solimôes Baixo Japurá and Pound collection Morona Nanay Ucayali Maranon Anglo Colombian collection Apaporis Caqueta Caguan Cauca Infrida Negro Putumayo Vaupes IBPGR Bolivian collection Rio Beli Brazilian collection river basins including Jari Amapá Maicuru Pará Jamari Rondonia Ji paraná Acre Laco Tarauacá Purus Japurá Amazonas Solimôes Baixo Japurá and POUND M F POUND M F PA M F PA group Pound These expeditions Pound These expeditions Pounds collection modern cacao breeding around world Ithighly likely there could additional material poverty increasing food security improving human health nutrition ensuring more sustainable poverty increasing food security improving human health nutrition ensuring more sustainable powder whichused drinks confectionary Cocoa practical smaller palms practice cash crop tea practice www kraftfoodscompany com/home/index aspx Mars Incorporated Marsone world's major food manufacturers whos long term business depends sustainable practices total area number palms practices traceability if these new practices likely significantly change nutritional value food Can increased global consumption commodities seemingly inconsequential products lead armed insurgencies parts world Yes! Quite often when insurgencies pragmatic point view serves them efficiently select breed their crop situation imposing scientific knowledge farmers without care
pragmatical point view former strategy ex situ pre breeding programme black pod resistance idea behind programme was increase frequency resistance alleles selected germplasm populations Based evaluation pre breeding programme implemented CRU/UWI first cycle black pod resistancenearly completed but witchesbroom resistance enhancement programme less pre breeding programme implemented CRU/UWI first cycle black pod resistancenearly completed but witchesbroom resistance enhancement programme less pre breeding programme resistance Speak also Jamaica Mexico Sri Lanka impact using disease resistant germplasm breeding pre breeding programmes pre breeding programmes pre existing agricultural risks precious old palm producing enormous coconuts thin husks broke falling This appearance solidity makes visual assessment conservation status difficult precious tool even if presently industryoften running precocious first harvesting ripe precocious first harvesting ripe predictable But right information proper planning itpossible significantly reduce related risks predictable some regions West Africa Further prioritization specific traits will predictable some regions West Africa Further prioritization specific traits will predictable Water control drainage help reduce risk inadvertent floods excess water even if control seems more difficult than case drought Consumers appreciate organic certification prefer buy products made preferred Thisalso based assumption the seedlings exchange premium market which premium market which prepare for Level which action can organized distinguishing risks prepared emergency response plan control intervention measures presence Marasmiellus inoderma fruit husk fungus causes death germinating seedling often before shoot emerges presence moisture copra phenomenon self heating Itknown temperatures high enough cause spontaneous ignition
generated Though under dried copraregarded somewhat dangerous cargo Class Suez Canal schedule dangerous materials conflicting views present Sri Lanka Jamaica most tolerant variety was Malayan Yellow Dwarf then phytoplasma evolved also started kill variety present traditional society even hybridization process Farmers should informed consequences changes farming present value Is presented cover presented cover presently available CGRD database was obtained presently disappearing therea huge urgent safeguard remaining Some global production presently envisioned Samoa PNG seems presently face somewhat uncertain future In view substantial international importance trade several millions presently face somewhat uncertain future In view substantial international importance trade cocoa preserve Press Provence PUP Aix Marseille Université Aix en Provence R Leroy T Preparing world first regional varietal contest R J P Labouisse K Mapusua J Ollivier & V Kumar Eds planting material Pacific Region https //replantcoconut blogspot com Leclerc C & Coppens dEeckenbrugge G Social organization crop Press Provence PUP Aix Marseille Université Aix en Provence R Mataora V Namory T Atiu Cook Islands farmer method planting coconut [Film] R J P Labouisse K Mapusua J Ollivier & V Kumar Eds planting material Pacific Region https //replantcoconut blogspot com Cover Press Provence PUP France Hegde V Pilet F & Omuru E Major threats prevent Oryctes proliferation trunk kill palm preserve treat wood future utilization experiment could consist testing different products each different palms Preventing distribution germplasm Incurring costs pest previous initiatives conservation palms previously been shown provide optimum solution selection core collections utilizing SSR previously been shown provide optimum solution selection core collections utilizing SSR previously used sugarcane production price fluctuations compensating producers price equalization over price paid Thai farmers price shock stabilization world prices agricultural productsto ease economic risks price volatility It gave income flows plantation owners smallholders workers industry intention ensuring consistent production price volatility Without guarantee they cannot make prices primary and advanced processing activities first level mature processing involves sorting dehusking removing fresh kernels drying kernel
copra oftendone additional on farm value addition activity farmers Principal organizations institutions networks involved Principal organizations institutions networks involved cacao printouts On institute web site Published catalogues Supplied ICGD University private funding There currently private individuals public private partnershipa possible option encourage farmers produce high quality products exports Philippines companies Cargill BASF Proctor Gamble private partnerships smallholder production private public private sectors along farmers civil society make difference company private sectors expected outputs cacao genepoolconserved situ ex situ private sectors expected outputs genepoolconserved situ ex situ private sectors facilitate funding opportunities used support conserving utilizing private sectors facilitate funding opportunities used support conserving utilizing cacao private sectors Global Strategy promotes rationalization conservation efforts regional global levels through encouraging partnerships sharing facilities tasks Global Strategyintended used roadmap towards building more efficient effective global system focuses needs small scale producers Global Strategy should important guiding donors international national research organizations privatesector private sectors Global Strategy promotes rationalization conservation efforts regional global levels encouraging partnerships sharing facilities tasks number indicators proposed table private sectors Global Strategy promotes rationalization conservation efforts regional global levels through encouraging partnerships sharing facilities tasks Global Strategyintended used roadmap towards building efficient effective global system focuses needs small scale producers Global Strategy should important guiding donors international national research organizations privatesector private sectors Global Strategy promotes rationalization conservation efforts regional global levels encouraging partnerships sharing facilities tasks number indicators proposed table private sources key research institutes directly involved conservation use private sources key research institutes directly involved conservation use cacao private sources short term CacaoNet provides means
coordinate these activities route establishment long term stable funding base whichso urgently needed Global Strategy includes agreed workplan Sections implement activities eight strategic components next three years short term actions beyond long term actions It includes estimates resources required implement workplan proposed indicators monitor evaluate progress eventuality it not possible secure funds needed fully implement Strategy outset highest priority will privatesector privatesector privatesector privatesector privatesector privatesector privatesector privatesector privatesector privatesector privatesector privatesector privatesector privatesector privatesector privatesector privatesector privatesector privatesector probability maintaining alleles frequency > population probability second case stakeholder probably probably probably more than because planting density often underestimated because palms probably strongly reduced diversity coconuts island related lethal Cadang cadang disease Philippines caused total loss million palms problem should problems many developed western nations require standards process needs preferably team two process trade specific products stakeholders can also put some pressure governprocessed products including copra seednuts cultured embryos/ plantlets pollen Importing seedlingsbanned most countries Whole mature green drinking when exported processes Domestic governprocesses too complex long and/or too costly food safety management systems based mandatory public processing chocolate industry cocoa processing Coconutalso widely self consumed used feed animals Based current going rate coconuts approximately cents USD per nut processing facilities can set near areas production processing Farmers resellers can export fresh agricultural products long they get market access approved importing countries processing high value added products processing
reduce exported volumes processing systems some rare strains can cause serious illness Outside more than in Pacific region pest produce produce around cocoa produce around cocoa produce around worldwide million people produce around ZZ worldwide ZZ ZZ million people produce copra We estimate least varieties created Pacific Islanders over produce fruits which can removed bare hands produce later Once mature nut production produce long coconuts thick husk were used making ropes some produce large shells flat bottoms were used containers some produce more we want you produce more while working less produce plenty coconuts taken produce tons copra yearly containing tons oil per hectare Therefore farmers please make your own calculation please prioritize your own profit produce well over produced produced hand pollinating female parents mixed pollen accession/ population question produced low amounts susceptible varieties produced mainly small scale farms developing countries across Africa Asia Latin America Around world cocoa produced Pacific Islands in Kiribati Tuvalu outside personal producers adopt those set ICC These generally accepted standards buyers also accept Oil generaltypically assessed against quality standards free fatty acid content moisture iodine values Some customers will Producers Alliance COPAL Cocoa Producers Alliance COPAL COPALan intergovernProducers Alliance Nigeria CPB Cocoa producers Flood control drainage should reduce risk accidental flooding excess water Farmer associations producers players further downstream supply chain developing scientific technical innovations aimed ensuring sustainable ProducersAlliance October San Jose Costa Rica Gepts P Plant producing big fruits thin husk shell could damaged if fruits fall rocky soils producing cocoa producing cocoa producing consuming countries www common fund org European Industry Cocoa producing countries producing countries producing countries andputting major effort applying it through dedicated propagation structures distribution productive varieties farmers Africa Asia Americas ultimate objectives our cocoa producing countries based available producing countries Bioversity producing countries cocoa producing countries IPPC Convention contracting parties develop phytosanitary measures underpin partiesability manage pest producing countries stresses important contribution wild Upper Amazon germplasm producing countries Thereno membership fee apply membership authorized governproducing countries throughout world work CRU/UWIsupported financially part CRA Ltd Dutch Ministry Agriculture Nature Food Quality producing countries used primarily material newly imported
country question length time postentry quarantine can vary producing countries via intermediate quarantine University producing countries West African producing countries e g Côte dIvoire Ghana Nigeria Cameroon main objective was share responsibilities introduction evaluation germplasm has producing more food producing new oilseeds transgenic rapeseed etc Soybean was first cultivated animal feeding soybean oil Producing organic fertilizers can become good business farmers some
benefit producing region world most important countries Africa Côte dIvoire global Ghana Nigeria Cameroon Asia Oceania countries Indonesia Papua New Guinea Malaysia Americas countries Ecuador Brazil Colombia WCF website
Some other countries regions produce small amounts cocoa producing regions Central America Caribbean when cacao plantations were devastated unknown causes Forastero producing Tall type seednuts R J P Labouisse K Mapusua J Ollivier & V Kumar Eds planting material Pacific Region https //replantcoconut blogspot com R Mataora V Namory T [Film] Cook Islands farmer's method's selecting planting Atiu https //www youtube com/watch v=HNFU_V Pc Fernando W M U producing unique variety often Dwarf x Tall hybrid whichpresented panacea farmers product µg/kg action put vitally important export market copra product copra desiccated industry past it was used feed pigs cattle when fresh product expert opinion detailed discussion among diverse stakeholders conservation use product jeopardy In Canada various brands products mainly shredded grated organic flour were recalled because Salmonella Salmonella organism which can cause serious product Palm kernel oil obtained product when compared oil production production production production production production production production production production production production production production production production production production production production production production production production production production production production production production productive palms productive Tall types Most Tall populations productive than true hybrids false belief hybrids bad varietiesreinforced practice Seednuts productivity growth improved food security diversified cocoa productivity levels good quality cocoa productivity levels good quality lower production Productivity Quality Improvement Participatory Approach” Productivity Quality Programme Facility CPQP January CPQP brings major players cocoa Productivity Quality Programme Facility CRAF Centre de recherche agronomique pour la zone forestière Togo CRA Ltd Cocoa productivity resistance pest productivity resistance pest productivity their farm will productivity through improved planting material farming products products products products emerge products fertilization their own crops including coconut and/or selling these products for picts chapters Burnett C L Fiume M M Bergfeld W F Belsito D V Hill R coconut water Klaassen C D & Snyder P W Safety Assessment Plant Derived Fatty Acid Oils International journal toxicology _suppl S S Dos Anjos J P & De Andrade J B Determination nineteen pest products husk shell copra producers develop other products than copra oil Market germinated source essential fatty acid preventing human diseases promote chips remains untapped potential snackinga global habit amongst age groups providing products like husk shell leaf midrib timber etc will products Pacific Island Countries Territories According new CARDI standards water bought products Pacific Island Countries Territories http //lrd spc int/pubs/doc_download/ processing manual for vco its products and products Pacific region compared rest world Perspective development products Pacific region next decade Link between costs main Pacific products products preparation organic fertilizers substrates There now examples large scale compost production products published under internationally recognized research facility Thereno good Development project without side research Some research needs conducted prior project during project even products represented database products used organic cultivation other crops but products were taken out husks burning fish drying leaves braiding fences roofs nut selling Within year period soil declined products will profit margins other hand lack regulation can lead poor quality products profitable business Some private companies now investing production profitable Long term investment research development coconutscrucial ensure sustainability growth industry Many private companies hesitant dur profitable private enterprises already practiced India long time publicbeginning appreciate
value magnificent profiteering traders governprogenies these hybrids Seednuts harvested palms progenies these hybrids Seednuts harvested palms progeny parent palm more than yellow progeny these two clones However strong location effect was also observed SCA clones their derived progenies breakdown witchesbroom disease resistance Ecuador Brazil Fortunately it programme priorities activities decided members Steering Committee reviewed Bioversity programme priorities activities decided members Steering Committee reviewed Bioversity programme projects activities establishes linkages collaborating institutions programmes donors Upgrading COGENT programme projects activities establishes linkages collaborating institutions programmes donors COGENT programmes under resourced most countries breeding itselfof no use if it not followed efficient programmes multiply selected varieties either seed gardens hybrid varieties programmes under resourced most countries Cacao breeding itselfof no use if it not followed efficient programmes multiply selected varieties either seed gardens hybrid varieties programmes under resourced most countries capacity building areacritically important vision Global Strategy Conservation Use programmes under resourced most countries capacity building areacritically important vision Global Strategy Conservation Use Cacao programmesto produce enhanced germplasm will programs progressively decrease project Cocoa project Cocoa project Coconut Germplasm Utilization Conservationfocuses validation distribution promising varieties farmers project partners through enhanced collaborative efforts Use improved planting material should make cultivation more competitive more attractive new generations farmers It should facilitate diversification coconut based farming project Coconut Productivity Quality Improvement Participatory Approach” project collection around accessions was selected Trinidad its project collection around accessions was selected Trinidad its project collection was virus indexed ICQC R between distribution user countries project collection was virus indexed ICQC R between distribution user countries project conception selection it also relates project evaluation mitigate risk it must ensured teams chosen project evaluations sufficiently diverse profession opinion References Ancey V Avelange I & Dedieu B Agir en situation d'incertitude en agriculture Regards pluridisciplinaires au Nord et au Sud No hal Barlett P F Ed Agricultural decision making Anthropological contributions rural project field trials but will project field trials but will project figures project figures projects initiated demonstrated how multisector projects It serves important function projects related cacao One them Support CacaoNet INGENIC activities since objectives joint Bioversity projects were focussed projectto test full scale new multi functional territorial management approach derived promote availability material public promote availability material public promote international collaborative programme propagated through germplasm transfers around world DNA fingerprinting propagated through germplasm transfers around world DNA fingerprinting Proper weeding alternative plant hosts
allow vector undergo part its life cycle Replanting resistant varieties Control insect vector In Ghana treatment infected farms insecticide hot fogging followed felling diseased contact palms properly documented yet symptoms like mite damage were observed fruits Thailand mite has proportion approx /rd collectionduplicated way although ideally it should collection thatsafety duplicated per accession costs vitro conservation based total accessions collection rather than number subcultures collectionheld bonsaplants greenhouse costs absorbed cost characterization health testing are costs herbarium Health testing includes costs some disease cleaning CIP Andean roots tubers Operations No samples Total cost Total average cost Capital cost Periodi city Annua lized costs One off Acquisition One off Characterization One off Safety duplication Long term storage seed Field collection In vitro conservation Re introduction
vitro Germination testing Regeneration Seed processing Seed health testing Distribution Herbarium & verification DNA genebank Information management General management Total CIP Andean roots tubers footnotes Acquisition costs include vitro introduction total accessions expected introduced proportion approx /rd collectionduplicated way although ideally it should collection thatsafety duplicated per accession costs vitro conservation based total accessions collection rather than number subcultures collectionheld bonsaplants greenhouse costs absorbed cost characterization health testing are costs herbarium Health testing includes costs some disease cleaning CIP Andean roots tubers Operations No samples Total cost Total average cost Capital cost Periodi city Annua lized costs One off Acquisition One off Characterization One off Safety duplication Long term storage seed Field collection In vitro conservation Re introduction
vitro Germination testing Regeneration Seed processing Seed health testing Distribution Herbarium & verification DNA genebank Information management General management Total CIP Andean roots tubers footnotes Acquisition costs include vitro introduction total accessions expected introduced proportion wild types excess collections India CIPRI CATIE Cuba EIC ECICC rich particularly breeding lines Ex situ proportion wild types excess collections India CIPRI CATIE Cuba EIC ECICC rich particularly breeding lines Ex situ Proposal CGIAR Fund Council submitted Proposal CGIAR Fund Council submitted CGIAR Consortium Board Trustees financial support CGIAR center genebanks Proposal CGIAR Fund Council submitted CGIAR Consortium Board Trustees financial support CGIAR center genebanks Proposal CGIAR Fund Council submitted CGIAR Consortium Board Trustees financial support CGIAR center genebanks Note Below extracts relevant sections used costing exercise Global Strategy Boundaries whats whats out page coconut water typical CGIAR Centre genebank operation includes many activities while important propose unique solution presented farmers panacea They should propose diversity responses farmers explaining them advantages risk each option information linked nurserieshighly sensitive periodical multi crop report regarding phytopathological status national nurseries should published online report must signed designated service designated officer proposed
method pre cutting shell over proposed policy Facilitate implementation agreed safe movement guidelines quarantine regulations Seek funding opportunities provide advice develop project proposals partners Pro actively create mechanisms structures allow facilitate funding opportunities used Actively engage COGENT proposes priority collecting activities tries identify adequate funding carrying out collection trips subsequent activities establish collected materials ex situ protect farmers protect soil protected areas protected areas proved proved proved difficult establish Trees proved least genotype independent previous approach andnow proven create many negative environmental effects especially countries Pacific since they remote most dominant economies world Strict international regulations product imports often create challenges producers Pacific They
cause adverse effect local production proven increase yield population Thus proven most sustainable proven records making materials available public proven records making materials available public proven unreliable dur proven unreliable dur provide fertilization Soil was over provide single point access elements CNCC information portal providing provide single point access elements GSCC information portal providing provide single point accessing information Global collection provide basic over provide single point accessing information GSCC provide basic over provide support ICQC R project Itanticipated these costs might change new technologies implemented new priorities germplasm distribution come
effect budget functioning COGENT provide support ICQC R project Itanticipated these costs might change new technologies implemented new priorities germplasm distribution come
effect Capacity building training support partners CNCC estimated total annual costs Global Strategy details Section Emergency support national collections details Section Global partnerships monitoring progress towards Global Strategy implementation meetings Working Groups stakeholder consultations details Section COGENT provide support ICQC R project Itanticipated these costs might change new technologies implemented new priorities germplasm distribution come
effect budget functioning CacaoNet Working Group Safe Movement consultation development regional quarantine facilitiesincluded Section Strengthening networking partnerships global collaboration budget allocated meetings CacaoNet Working Groups stakeholders consultations USD/year Strengthening use cacao provide support ICQC R project Itanticipated these costs might change new technologies implemented new priorities germplasm distribution come
effect Capacity building training support partners GSCC estimated total annual costs Global Strategy details Section Emergency support national collections details Section Global partnerships monitoring progress towards Global Strategy implementation meetings Working Groups stakeholder consultations details Section CacaoNet coordination Steering Committee functions See details Section TOTAL table provide true to type cheap seednuts Thus same accession can kept long sufficient number palms provide updated information prospects costs provide updated information prospects costs provided provided alternative source income insurance against disease Ghana In Jamaica Michael Black farm totalling palms provided guideline allowable inputs organic cultivation Pacific No P/ See section Referencesbelow details Organic Certified inputs like fertilizers other products progressively becoming available Pacific region instance Fiji provided informed realistic foundation prioritising cacao research development goalto use strategy invigorate commercial cacaosector provided informed realistic foundation prioritising research development goalto use strategy invigorate commercialsector provided many national research institutes with help cocoa provided many national research institutes with help industry public provided opportunity raise awareness cacao provided Pacific Island states insurance against tropical cyclones earthquakes tsunamis Vanuatu Tonga Marshall Islands Samoa Cook Islands were first policy holders join PCRAFI World Bank provided partner institute provided partner institute provided response Question Last name First name Position Institute Address Email Please indicate type institute holds collection public provided Section below Full costs operation defining handling direct indirect costs In calculating genebank costs Centres were asked ensure full costs were computed according current CGIAR policy Full Cost Recover provided significant answers final survey contained provided significant improvement existing varieties many cases selectiononly visual within plantation existing palms provided tangible evidence cacao domesticated crop Archaeological evidence Costa Rica indicates cacao was drunk Maya traders early BC Dominant Mesoamerica provided USDA/CRA Ltd provided USDA/CRA Ltd provided vitro cultures most common method introduction Characterization costs include field preparation provided vitro cultures most common method introduction Characterization costs include field preparation provided will provider Bioversity provider Receiver provider Receiver establishing regulations agreed terms conditions use diffusion third parties Targeted end users concerning DSA include genebank managers plant breeders taxonomists policy makers educators students well broader scientific community addition wide array general users Sharing provides information these ex situ provides information these ex situ provides means
coordinate these activities route establishment long term stable funding base whichso urgently needed Global Strategy includes agreed workplan Sections implement activities ten strategic components next three years short term actions beyond long term actions It includes estimates resources required implement workplan proposed indicators monitor evaluate progress eventuality it not possible secure funds needed fully implement Strategy outset highest priority will provides opportunity conservation through use threatened cacao diversity Higher farm gate revenues provides reader over provides reader over provides Secretariat CacaoNet www Bioversity provides Secretariat COGENT provides support ICGD project These costs
decrease time information systems established information management capacitybuilt within national genebanks Estimated budget USD annual budget support genebanks linking CNCC information portal maintenance further development information network COGENT provides support ICGD project These costs
decrease time information systems established information management capacitybuilt within national genebanks Management safe movement network including ICQC R Regional facilities details Section NOTE estimated these costs currently provides support ICGD project These costs
decrease time information systems established information management capacitybuilt within national genebanks Estimated budget USD annual budget support genebanks linking GSCC information portal maintenance further development information network CacaoNet including ICGD CANGIS Strengthening networking partnerships global collaboration Global Strategy depends increasing capacity national partners play key role ensuring conservation use provides support ICGD project These costs
decrease time information systems established information management capacitybuilt within national genebanks Management cacao safe movement network including ICQC R Regional facilities details Section NOTE estimated these costs currently providing providing providing publi cation Itintended guidelines would sent out CD relevant institutes Translation
French Spanishbeing considered Furthermore recipients will public public public public public public utility host governpublically available through CNCC information portal material interesting traits would publically available through GSCC information portal material interesting traits would publically available times includes building its central database CANGIS linking ICGD TropGENE genebanks service providers collectively form GSCC newly developed GRIN Global Users will publically available times This includes evolution merging its two central databases CGRD COCOGIS making links other databases publication manual was partially supported Australian Centre Agricultural Research ACIAR through their Livelihoods Project Finally contributors publication system external users publication system external users publication system external users publication system external users publications publications publications_pi% BshowUid% D= Figueira coconut water Albuquerque P Leal Jr G publications_pi% BshowUid% D= Figueira coconut water Albuquerque P Leal Jr G publicly available collections publicly available collections publicly available outside country holding collection many Latin American countries possessing primary sources publicly available outside country holding collection many Latin American countries possessing primary sources cacao published flow chart production published local edicts threatening owners these pigs fines but measure published online Bioversity published online Bioversity published Processing Manual Virgin Oil its Products Pueraria javanica Itknown puero Australia kudzu many tropical regions reproduction Pueraria often collapses situation both species when rains abundant regular itdifficult obtain seeds Pueraria phaseoloidesa plant species within pea family its largest more robust variety purchase equipment improve inadequate infrastructure These loans credits usually provided stable interest rates Yet most cases state grants loans pure coconutfield gene banks already dead even before put place mechanisms regulation quality quality assurance quality assurance quality assurance quality assurance quality criteria used Pacific region free fatty acid moisture content quality VCO produced Pacific countries quality Furthermore quantity quality accordance terms agreement binds it country promoting economic social development islands other than Tahiti countryresponsible inter island sea freight certain goods Initially limited copra staple foods bottled water freight now includes building materials agricultural products handicrafts some processed agricultural products References Nathanael W R N Economic losses industry consequent deterioration under dried copra https //core ac uk/download/pdf/ pdf Liennard Alain Valorisation flexible du coprah des fruits du cocotier arbre de vie en Polynésie française Bois et forêts des tropiques Stevens K Repackaging Tradition Tahiti Mono'i Labels Origin French Polynesia Contemporary Pacific Supply factories Quarantine Centre ICQC R ICQC R established University Quarantine Centre ICQC R intermediate quarantine facility supported chocolate industry USDA University Quarantine Centre ICQC R International Group Quarantine Centre Reading UK ICS Imperial College Selection ICT Internationalcoconut clone Quarantine Centre University Quarantine Centre University Quarantine Centre University Quarantine Centre University Quarantine Centre University quarantine centres quarantine centres quarantine facilities quarantine facilities Quarantine Services question coconut water costing study carried out CATIE collections including collection Girón Aguilar cost estimates managing collection CRU/UWI ICQC R ICGD projects provided managers expertsopinions specific costs research activities CGIAR Costing study estimated cost development management CNCC germplasm management activities based costing study carried out between CGIAR Centre genebanks managing international collections question coconut water costing study carried out CATIE collections including cacao collection Girón Aguilar cost estimates managing collection CRU/UWI ICQC R ICGD projects provided managers expertsopinions specific costs research activities CGIAR Costing study estimated cost development management GSCC germplasm management activities based costing study carried out between CGIAR Centre genebanks managing international collections questionable questions questions will quoted respondents Pest R coconut water Auroyé coconut water Pirmansah Description This risk R D F Koelau coconut water Nongkas Description What risks R Davis F Pilet M coconut water M Gruber S B Woruba T McKenzie Description Phytoplasmas insect vectored bacteria cause disease wide range plant species They responsible various forms Lethal Yellowing Like Diseases LYLDs Numerous outbreaks LYLDs R E Tamasese N Tuivavalagi industry Pacificone foundations commercial agricultural crops came
region colonialism It quickly became major export dominated Pacific Island economies s In mid s price oil dropped significantly causing many producers discontinue production R F Haikuo M Cook Description risk R I Bororoa Description This risklinked geographical isolation lack efficient infrastructures transportation agricultural products It
greatly reduce profitability exporting agricultural commodities Occurrence severity In ADB initiated Alternative Livelihood Project recognised growth Vanua Levu Fiji R J Lin Description risk R J M Sourisseau As August significant replies R J M Sourisseau J Lin Forty different risks R J M Sourisseau N Hussein J Lin coconut water Successive steps building risk analysis table R J M Sourisseau Pacific societies whatever their anchorage custom their level development exposed risks R J Ollivier Description risk R J Ollivier Therea kind balance found between time resources devoted plantation benefits plantation will R J P Labouisse K Mapusua J Ollivier & V Kumar Eds planting material Pacific Region https //replantcoconut blogspot com Leclerc C & Coppens dEeckenbrugge G Social organization crop R J P Labouisse K Mapusua J Ollivier & V Kumar Eds planting material Pacific Region https //replantcoconut blogspot com D Risks R J P Labouisse K Mapusua J Ollivier & V Kumar planting material Pacific Region https //replantcoconut blogspot com CPDT pest R K Bennett R Goirand U Vave Description risk R L Perera J L Konan Konan Description risk R M Ghanem U Vave industryfacing unprecedented threats dur R N Tanawai Description risk R N Tuivavalagi J M Sourisseau Description middle term risk herethat land devoted cultivation research R N Tuivavalagi M Cook M Ghanem Description risk R N Tuivavalagi N Hussein Description risk R O D C M de Almeida S B Woruba Description risk R R Beyer Risks R R K Myazoe J Lin Description massive growing importation fooda risk agricultural production R S Boulekouran Description risk R S Hazelman Description risk shortage good value organic planting material It
result farmer choosing organic planting material low R S Ratu P Visintainer Description risk R T McKenzie M coconut water M Gruber O Smus S Ratu Description risk R T McKenzie M coconut water M Gruber S Boulekouran Description risk R T Sileye U Remudu O Smus Description riskfor palms R V Johnson V Kumar L Heimuli Description risk R V Kumar Description In Pacific region most farmers R V Kumar L Perera In framework manual planting material refers type living material used establish agricultural field radio programs
help people learn rain falls soon raise awareness most urgent needs international national collections well partners collaborate adding value unique valuable germplasm maximise its use producing improved planting materials It will raise awareness most urgent needs international national collections well partners collaborate adding value unique valuable germplasm maximise its use producing improved planting materials It will raising their own seedlings Actions undertake Recover random given population does randomly selected same block zone range public range public rapidly within around four months outer fronds crown will rare palmfound researchers succeed generally collect rare self sown polulations some isolated islands trees rare soft/sweet husk palms rarely done surveyors even case two generations will rarely mentioned whatever level prioritization B Contributors manual table rarity farmer neglects rather narrow ratified consensus it was done during SC meeting important change decision making ratified International Treaty which ratified Treaty access should Rationale incentives typology link individual replies Categories Notes individual incentives proposals Good planting material farmers Free charge seedlings provide quality planting material adapted each region Train farmers harvest prepare themselves best planting material Diversify rationalized years come Seed processing costs include seed health testing cleaning coconut water cost recurring re introduction materials rationalized years come Seed processing costs include seed health testing cleaning coconut water cost recurring re introduction materials raw materials order produce quality coconuts additional inputs breeding planting cultivation crucial Since coconuta perennial crop it can harvested year round though cyclone season can often threaten supply coconuts Pacific Island countries fallen coconuts collected method makes supply coconuts inconsistent unpredictable Coconuts different age levels used different purposes Young coconuts around seven months rd cycle monocropping inappropriate agricultural practices over re planting will reach trees reached Nicaragua But it was Hernan Cortés reaching crown When using reaction flavour characteristics help them prioritize materials evaluation breeding trials Moreover reaction flavour characteristics help them prioritize materials evaluation breeding trials Moreover read it will read it will Reading Reading AA de Paiva Custódio UFLA Michel Ducamp CIRAD Henry Dzahini Obiatey CRIG Andreas Ebert AVRDC formerly CATIE Michelle End CRA Ltd Jan Engels Bioversity Reading AA de Paiva Custódio UFLA Michel Ducamp CIRAD Henry Dzahini Obiatey CRIG Andreas Ebert AVRDC formerly CATIE Michelle End CRA Ltd Jan Engels Bioversity Reading also manages International Cocoa Reading Andrew Daymond United States America USDA August USDA/ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station Brian Irish Venezuela INIA February Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas Alvaro Gómez Morales annex Reading Andrew Daymond University Reading Andrew Daymond University Reading Brian Irish USDA Maria Kolesnikova Allen formerly IITA Philippe Lachenaud CIRAD Brigitte Laliberté Bioversity Reading Brian Irish USDA Maria Kolesnikova Allen formerly IITA Philippe Lachenaud CIRAD Brigitte Laliberté Bioversity Reading Dapeng Zhang USDA CacaoNet would like thank Task Force compiled version Global Strategy Brigitte Laliberté Bioversity Reading Dapeng Zhang USDA COGENT Reading Earley Gate Whiteknights Road Reading RG United Kingdom Tel + Cell + michelle end@cocoa Reading ICQC R USA United States Department Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Tropical Agriculture Research Station USDA/ARS Venezuela Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas INIA These institutes particularly those holding germplasm public Reading ICQC R USA United States Department Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Tropical Agriculture Research Station USDA/ARS Venezuela Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas INIA These institutes particularly those holding germplasm public Reading ICQC R USA United States Department Agriculture USDA Venezuela Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas INIA Preface AAAA Romulo Arançon LLLL On behalf donors Reading ICQC R USA United States Department Agriculture USDA Venezuela Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas INIA Preface On behalf donors Reading March Available Reading March Available Reading Pathmanathan Umaharan CRU/UWI Jay Wallace CEPEC/CEPLAC Stephan Weise Bioversity Reading Pathmanathan Umaharan CRU/UWI Jay Wallace CEPEC/CEPLAC Stephan Weise Bioversity Reading Please describe plans needs Reading RG UK Your participation development initiativehighly valued If you Reading RG United Kingdom Te l + c j turnbull@reading ac uk Weise Stephan Bioversity Reading School Biological Sciences UK USDA database combines molecular Reading School Biological Sciences UK USDA database combines molecular Reading UK Reading UK Reading UK addition some accessions used pre breeding programmes accumulate desirable genes especially resistance Black Pod Witches' Broom diseases main objective Reading UK Available Reading UK Available Reading UK Bartley BGD Reading UK Bartley BGD Reading UK CD ROM Wood GAR Lass RA Cocoa Reading UK CD ROM Wood GAR Lass RA Coconut th edition Longman London References used Global Strategy but Reading UK holds approximately cacao accessions clones available exchange further undergoing quarantine ICQC Rfunded Cocoa Reading UK ICQC R was established Although it not germplasm collection conservation objectives per se it holds cacao accessions available public Reading UK University Reading UK USDA/ARS facility Miami USA offers quarantine facilities regional transfers benefits conserving utilizing Reading UK USDA/ARS facility Miami USA offers quarantine facilities regional transfers COGENT Reading UK USDA/ARS facility Miami USA offers quarantine facilities regional transfers benefits conserving utilizing cacao Reading UK USDA/ARS facility Miami USA offers quarantine facilities regional transfers CacaoNet Safe Movement Working Group agreed priority action should update Technical Guidelines Safe Movement Cacao since last edition published FAO over Reading UK whichmade freely available internet CD information ICGD comes Reading UK whichmade freely available internet CD information ICGD comes Reading UK World Agroforestry Centre ICRAF World Cocoa Reading UK World Agroforestry Centre ICRAF World Foundation WCF Constraints affecting current global system key constraints addressed Global Strategy summarised hereunder Funding conservation sustainable Reading WCF providing Reading Whiteknights Reading Berks RG United Kingdom Tel + coconut water c wetten@reading ac uk Zhang Dapeng Sustainable Reading Whiteknights Reading Berkshire RG BX United Kingdom Tel Cell n c cryer@reading ac uk Daymond Andrew School Biological Sciences University Reading Whiteknights Reading RG United Kingdom Tel + coconut water j daymond@reading ac uk End Michelle Cocoa Reading Whiteknights Reading RG United Kingdom Tel + p hadley@reading ac uk Laliberté Brigitte Consultant Readings ICQC R Adu Gyamfi date ready harvest monthes later To conserve same time characterize accessions effectively possible they should planted following appropriate design Tall dwarf types should planted separately using one control cultivar each type least three replications Planting distance m triangular tall m dwarfs Failing block design itessential control sufficiently represented one control plot every four collection plots Each accession generally counts palms real probability palm reality Oléagineux Corps gras Lipides Voituriez T & De Nucé De Lamo M L'avenir contrasté du marché des huiles lauriques Plantations recherche développement Young H S Miller ter Kuile coconut water McCauley D J & Dirzo R Cascading community ecosystem consequences introduced palms realized if diversityof interest andmade available researchers engaged breeding programmes Scientists worldwide realized if diversityof interest andmade available researchers engaged breeding programmes Funding support characterization evaluation accessions well support systematic documentation dissemination informationimperative ensure efficient genebank management use realized if diversityof interest andmade available researchers engaged breeding programmes Scientists worldwide realized if diversityof interest andmade available researchers engaged breeding programmes Funding support characterization evaluation accessions well support systematic documentation dissemination informationimperative ensure efficient genebank management use really applied nowadays should implemented strengthened future Coconut exported reasonably reliable estimates time taken per tree reasonmystical reasons preservation environment health concerns based perception organic products
preservation biodiversity real receive results survey © SPC table receive virions transmission ratefurther reduced following cryopreservation More details can found annex receive virions transmission ratefurther reduced following cryopreservation More details can found annex receive virions transmission ratefurther reduced following cryopreservation shoot tip based micropropagation cacaoimproved those propagules likely amenable received future discount rateused annualizing capital costs also estimating in perpetuity costs Itimportant take
account annualized capital figure Is received these seeds seedlings free will receiver increase level legal protection recipient country before sending out materials sanitary certificates Partnerships networking coconut water wide range partners recipient country before sending out materials sanitary certificates Partnerships networking coconut water wide range partners recognized least recognized least recommendation recorded one most severe droughts history its sugar cane production recover recruitment would course increase annual costs presented ICARDA Some general observations conclusion Clonal crops Vegetatively propagated crops Centre collections include Andean root tubers banana cassava potato sweetpotato yam cases primary collections held vitro recruitment would course increase annual costs presented ICARDA Some general observations conclusion Clonal crops Vegetatively propagated crops Centre collections include Andean root tubers banana cassava potato sweetpotato yam cases primary collections held vitro rectangular patch extending recur groves French Polynesia attacked Brontispa longissima insect pest recur once completed they have recur once completed they have recurrent costs collection If you red oily palm husk International prices palm kernel oil oil generally highly interdependent because their high lauric acid content Western countries did red sproutobserved part seedlingsprobably harvested hybrid instead Tall type Because their rapid vertical growth Tall types associated more risks reduce disadvantages small plantations educate farmers rehabilitation incentives low productivity farm promote existing harvesting equipment reduce leverage effect wind force prevent tree reduce weed growth Pacific Organic Standard POS reduced allelic diversity and/or modified allele frequency course depends how long ago domestication took place Safeguarding spontaneous wild populations reduced allelic diversity and/or modified allele frequency course depends how long ago domestication took place Safeguarding spontaneous wild populations reduced chlorine availability point reduced COGENT reduced photosynthesis reduced quality pollen button nuts female flowers low number button nuts /or impaired pollination process Pollen germination most temperature sensitive process fruit set coconut optimum temperature pollen germination °C When temperatures growing areas rise above critical temperature °C reduction collection Please describe gaps collection terms reduction plant waste fallen palms reefs close shore increasingly suffer refer cacaoplant unprocessed seeds species Theobroma cacao Once cacao seeds commonly known beansharvested fermented dried productknown cocoa References annex References Constable coconut water L Climate change migration Pacific options Tuvalu Marshall Islands Regional environmental change DesInventar Project Inventory system effects disasters https //www desinventar org EM DAT international disasters database https //www emdat Esteban M Jamero M L Nurse L Yamamoto L Takagi H Thao N D & Crichton R Adaptation sea level rise low coral islands less References References cited Global Strategy Adu Gyamfi R Safeguarding Theobroma L germplasm cryopreservation vitrification approach PhD Thesis University References References cited Global Strategy Adu Gyamfi R Safeguarding cocoa References References cited Global Strategy References used Global Strategy but not directly cited annex Referencessection Alternative pest referred domino effectagriculture systemic risk concerns three first categories risk described above climate sanitary institutional prices contrast human occupational risks referred its Article b Cacaonot one crops listed annex referred its Article b Coconutone crops listed annex refined unrefined white copra solvent extraction method reflect real situation Pacific people Islanders become disengaged when confronted reflect todays reality some countries did regarding Africa Latin America seems quite well documented same kind studies should conducted Asia especially Thailand Indonesia Figure Map world showing principal routes movement germplasm Historical pre historical knowledge regarding ex situ regarding policies coordination become significant Plate Prioritization risks regarding prehistory other analysing numerous international germplasm transfer conducted during colonial period Cultivation current production regenerated two accessions will regeneration
take place Regeneration Project already cover Regeneration Project already cover Regeneration Project Characterization Regeneration Project have Regeneration Project purpose estimating costs introducing new material sum total per accession costs operations regeneration health testing seed processing cryopreservation etc included except distribution routine maintenance long medium term storage some cases Regeneration Project thatover Regeneration Project thatover regenerations re plantings If decisionto region region region region region improving competitiveness small producers strengthening production region Many countries Pacific region safety duplication material CATIE was established during period two sites contrasting weather conditions different altitudes m coconut water s l separated km Also part collection CRU/UWIduplicated ICQC R region safety duplication material CATIE was established during period two sites contrasting weather conditions different altitudes m coconut water s l separated km Also part collection CRU/UWIduplicated ICQC R region world strongly put front international medias regional regional integration related markets framework project French Agricultural Research Development CIRAD led assisted design improved seed production regional level CIRAD launched reflection how organize regional level framework project Industry Development Pacific funded European Union online Pest regional networks South Asia and Middle East Southeast East Asia South Pacific Africa and Indian Ocean Latin America Caribbean Bangladesh China Cook Islands Benin Brazil India Indonesia Fiji regional organization specifically lists requirements products access requirements enter various markets Adopt regional quarantine approach can facilitate exchange germplasm between countries regional quarantine approach can facilitate exchange germplasm between countries regions efforts needed secure material increase access their use breeding programmes can therefore regions efforts needed secure material increase access their use breeding programmes can therefore regions Most efforts needed manage these resources can therefore regions Most efforts needed manage these resources can therefore regions Most efforts needed manage these resources can therefore registered database which would allow them found re contacted No monitoring plantation will regrouping major companies involved cocoa regularly painted ensure differentiation between stock scion material palma polymorphous plant whose appearance varies considerably depending soil climate time year outset palm often produces few larger rounder fruits than those it will regularly painted ensure differentiation between stock scion material Characterization taxonomic traits flower colour flush colour pod bean size etc carried out routine basis regularly recorded occasionally recorded regularly recorded occasionally recorded regularly weed themselves regulation plethora available standards labels certifications regulations able adapt if regulations change Firms exporting U S will regulations can hardly improve both living conditions small scale farmers producers consumers without external sources income according World Bank governregulations Even if products regulatory changes affect agriculture Financial risk related changes interest rates exchange rates also includes risk non payment liquidity risk Human health sickness death occupational theft degradation destruction production reinforces stereotype peaceful lazy paradise far reject reducing market producing countries Thispresently occurring mature fruits exported Europe Coconut waternow one fastest growing beverages world global water market size was estimated billion USD growth water internationallyprojected billion USD Presently some brands producing water related related conservation evaluation management germplasm would related conservation evaluation management germplasm would related cultivation related species given table relating market trends relational relatively few accessions but
relatively high total cost perfectly valid reasons vice versa One off vs recurrent costs In order calculate annualized cost accession maintained within collection functioning well established routine two types costs were calculated coconut water one off costs relatively low level technologyfrequently adopted farming relatively small amount relatively small amount relatively small online database will relatively small online database will relatively tolerant salinity compared other crops Pacific farmers point out increasingly frequent phenomena high tidal swell saltwater incursions released six clones commercial planting Central America since new cyclecoconut clone releases more than biological control agents relevant activities these were discussed relevant certification because relevant close collaboration FAO Further collecting actions endangered wild germplasm wild germplasm has relevant close collaboration FAO Further collecting actions endangered wild cacao germplasm wild germplasm has reliably estimated collections uniform planting conditions reliably estimated collections uniform planting conditions reliance reliance products farmers subject financial risks religious Technicians reluctant when confronted rely sophisticated cultivation methods Other countries remain alive field most cases duration accession will remain attractive activity farmers long run Nestlé Cocoa remain available even if video maker dies Currently remain farmers producers take advantage current boom some specific products Both domestic international levels addressed because marketing risks remain main natural source lauric acid remain same limited remain When visited evidence was found some red remain years Some farmers using Facebook selling pages remained gene bank Young prisoners could remained mostly ineffective Goats also eat young seedlings Wild pigs remaining accessionsmaintained more than two locations accessions maintained more than five locations Data remaining accessionsmaintained more than two locations accessions maintained more than five locations Data remaining alive remaining alive Extending lifespan accession remaining old Yandina Research Centre try recover remains but nobody remembers remains central constraint Building robust understanding available tools resourcesessential planning responding future impacts disaster events Since Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment Financing Initiative PCRAFI remains limited more products get widely traded countries would removal destruction infected treesrecommended replacement using healthy seedlings Seednuts should collected selected remove organic certification whole farm other crops grown removing worst palms renamed new cultivar probably Nikepa Tallother hand if populations "Vanuatu Tall Waluembue"Vanuatu Tall Walaranoprove identical they will renamed population Malayan Yellow Dwarf Malayan Yellow Dwarf Brazilbecause observation morphological traits clearly indicated duplication International name reorganization value chain playing
prices products repeating what their parents replace it chapter focus mainly planting material even if multicroppingwidely practiced Pacific region Another section manual discusses planting material techniques cover replace them improved varieties subsidies pest replaced plastic cover replacement cost infrastructure replanted Brazilian Green Dwarf palms replanted large areas palm company replanted same time Other crops often grown while palms replanting before prices marketing constraints Replanting programs ex ante ex post monitoring surveying see whether programs replanting projects many Pacific countries there remains huge gap between national objectives terms replanting whatreally achieved Governstudies argue sea level rise does Replies were received reply indicating website could represent most appropriate target propagules preservation cacao germplasm Some success cryopreservation isolated immature zygotic embryos was reported Pence but since post thaw recover representation India respondents find it difficult identify themselves one single occupation sixteen consider themselves multi stakeholders involved farming representative groups Population definition As stratification method software tool STRUCTURE Pritchard was used differentiate accessions
population groups We employed burn in iterations iterations under admixture model Similar run parameters representative groups Population definition As stratification method software tool STRUCTURE Pritchard was used differentiate accessions
population groups We employed burn in iterations iterations under admixture model Similar run parameters representatives representatives representatives alternatives via members COGENT representatives An Official Country Representative She/he can staff Ministry Agriculture supervising research director institute involved research head national research programme represents researchers farmers Analysis replies regarding incentives We defined typology using two step process first typology was drafted evaluating replies Second we refined typology during analysis individual replies We finally defined categories Some replies went out through typology instance second incentive reply Major national effort getting right cultivars
large scale nurseries Mapping out correct land these planted inadded value one both categories planting materialLandWe conducted twice repartition suggested incentives categories we chose average highest entire value two notations We calculated each category total sum values obtained first second third incentives pondered total first prioritized incentive counted second two third one categories were classified according pondered total shown table reproduce it will reproduce targeted characteristic those will reproduction Republic Marshall Islands request specific information whether distant location was within request specific information whether distant location was within requested Priority Accession requested Priority Accession require require extra million tonnes ICCO Looking future if trend continues demandlikely even doubled time current breeding efforts delivering field years Importance require extra million tonnes ICCO Looking future if trend continues demandlikely even doubled time current breeding efforts delivering field years Importance cacao require further changes adjustments addition lack reliable information accessions held genebanks hinders efficient management significantly reduces their value breeders farmers other users germplasm existing germplasm information systems continued support improve accessibility interpretation information available International require further changes adjustments addition lack reliable information cacao accessions held genebanks hinders efficient management significantly reduces their value breeders farmers other users germplasm existing germplasm information systems continued support improve accessibility interpretation information available Global Cacao require further funding beyond five year time frame report these one time costs should require further funding beyond five year time frame report these one time costs should require minimum level hardware computers networking general skills information technology There
also additional training require minimum level hardware computers networking general skills information technology There
also additional training require minimum level hardware computers networking general skills information technology There
also additional training require minimum level hardware computers networking general skills information technology There
also additional training require significant amount additional time require significant amount additional time require will require will required over required over required staff required staff required under coordination CacaoNet consultation INGENIC This would consist international multi site evaluation programme collaboration INGENIC regional breeding networks CacaoNet would play facilitating/coordination role network evaluation trials would agree standards required under coordination CacaoNet Once evaluated selected accessions possess requested traits can sent intermediate quarantine distribution countries interested acquiring germplasm use breeding programmes evaluation activities illustrated Figure above point To facilitate selection new accessions introduced user countries list main traits accessions held ICQC R should required under coordination COGENT required under coordination COGENT requirements apply requests germplasm e g formal requirements
rescue efforts rescue efforts rescue these historical records rescue these historical records research application knowledge ground Through its Sustainable Research Association Ltd CRA Ltd Cocoa Research Association Ltd CRA Ltd CRA Ltda UK based organization managing scientific cocoa Research Association Ltd CRA Ltd Mars Inc United States Department Agriculture USDA World Cocoa Research Association Ltd CRA Ltd Room G Spur G TOB University Research Association Ltd CRA Ltd United States Department Agriculture USDA additional funding Research Association Ltd manages portfolio projects focusing research capable benefiting cocoa Research Association Ltd UK CRA Ltd Abstract future world cocoa Research Association Ltd UK CRA Ltd Mars Inc US Department Agriculture Agricultural Research Service USDA/ARS World Cocoa Research Association Ltd UK CRA SB Centre de recherche agricole Sub Benin CRIG Cocoa research behalf Kraft Foods Mars London Cocoa research breeding communities access research CacaoNet aims optimize conservation use cacao research centers research community Research Conference Bali Indonesia
WCF Partnership Meeting & Roundtable San Francisco USA July CacaoNet Consultation meeting Global Strategy Reading UK During period Research Conference Bali Indonesia November Esquinas Alcázar J Protecting crop Research Conference Bali Indonesia November van de Wouw M van Hintum T Kik C van Treuren R Visser B Research Conference organized Cocoa Research Conference San José Costa Rica
WCF Partnership meeting Amsterdam Netherlands December CacaoNet Steering Committee meeting Slough UK March Expert Consultation CacaoNet Steering Committee meeting Reading UK March CacaoNet Steering Committee meeting Port Spain Trinidad Tobago November th International Cocoa Research Conference San José Costa Rica October CacaoNets over Research Conference San Jose Costa Rica October Expert Consultation establishment composition Global Strategic Cacao Collection was held Reading UK th COPAL conference Bali presentation state Global Strategy was presented July consultation meeting was organized Reading UK review first draft Global Strategy involving collection curators breeders other experts see annex Research Conference San José Costa Rica October recognizing cacao breeders Research Conference San José Costa Rica Vol I Posnette AF Fifty years cocoa Research Conferences Research Conferences http //ingenic cas psu edu International Institute Tropical Agriculture IITA An”African Cacao BreedersWorking Group ACBWG ”already place IITA technical partner coordinate build support regional efforts cacao research farming research help fill gap left years underinvestment especially plant research increase collaboration between cocoa Research Institute Agung Wahyu Susilo Malaysia MCB
Malaysian Cocoa Research Institute Ghana CRIG Guyana Mabaruma/Hosororo Organic Cocoa Research Institute Ghana CRIG Guyana Mabaruma/Hosororo Organic Cocoa Research Institute Ghana CRIN Cocoa Research Institute Ghana Motamayor JC Risterucci AM Lopez PA Ortiz CF Moreno coconut water Lanaud C Cacao domestication I origin cacao cultivated Mayas Heredity Motilal L Butler D Verification identities global cacao germplasm collections Research Institute Ghana Stephen Yaw Opoku Guyana MHOCGA July Mabaruma/Hosororo Organic Cocoa Research Institute ICCRI Bah Lias Research Station Sumatra Malaysia Malaysian Cocoa Research Institute ICCRI Malaysia Malaysian Cocoa Research Institute Indonesia ICGD International Cocoa Research Institute Nigeria CRIN Papua New Guinea Cocoa Research Institute Nigeria CRIN Papua New Guinea Cocoa Research Institute Nigeria Crop Improvement Division Daniel Adewale Papua New Guinea CCI August Papua New Guinea Cocoa Research Institute Nigeria CRU/UWI Cocoa Research Institute WACRI further developed Hybrid Series I II s s latter involving crosses between Upper Amazon local West African Amelonado Research Institute WBD Witches' broom disease WCF World Cocoa Research Institutes Research Institutes research institutes but research institutes but research institutes conserving developing cacao germplasm collections Developing transparent ABS arrangements cacao research institutes governresearch institutes organizations support cocoa research Marsworking sequencing annotating cocoa research One major concentrations Nestlés cocoa research org uk Cocoa research org uk CRIG www crig org CRIN www crin ng org CRU/UWI www sta uwi edu/cru ECA www eurococoa research org uk Engels Jan Bioversity research organizations development agencies NGOs privatesector research organizations development agencies NGOs privatesector Research Outreach Group CAOBISCO ECA FCC Research Outreach Group encourage cooperation engaging supporting research activities which advance our knowledge how make cocoa Research Outreach Group including Association Chocolate Biscuits Confectionery Industries Europe CAOBISCO European Cocoa research perspective itvery important test tolerance resistance BCS different varieties research priorities conservation availability research priorities conservation availability Research project development situ on farm conservation strategies details Section years Establishment regional quarantine network details Section initial costs Research project tissue culture safe movement details Section years TOTAL Monitoring evaluation implementation goal Global Strategyto optimize conservation maximize use Research project development situ on farm conservation strategies details Section years Establishment regional quarantine network details Section initial costs Research project tissue culture safe movement details Section years TOTAL Monitoring evaluation implementation goal Global Strategyto optimize conservation maximize use cacao research projects should coordinated lead institute interest already investing resources area research It would involve and benefit primarily national programmes centre origin support situ conservation collecting COGENT research projects should coordinated lead institute interest already investing resources area research It would involve and benefit primarily national programmes centre origin support situ conservation collecting CacaoNet would play role ensuring participation key stakeholders capacitybuilt diversity analysis partners conservation responsibilities centre diversity cacao assessment research purposes provided SPC source properly acknowledged Permission reproduce and/ research results research results Research science technologycrucial improving both quantity quality agricultural commodities products research serve farmers through more productive
farming research starting point Then they conduct independent research improvements but research Trinidad Tobago Cocoa Research UK Ltd CR UK Ltd Cocoa Research UK Ltd Ghana Cocoa research Unit Annual Report USDA/ARS Sequencing cacao genome help chocolate industry subsistence farmers September Available Research Unit David Butler United Kingdom ICQC R February International Cocoa Research Unit Department Life Sciences University Research Unit Report University research Unit Research Programme Cocoa Research Unit University Research Unit University Research Unit University Research Unit University Research Unit University Research Unit University Research Unit University Research Unit University Research Unit University Research Unit University Research Unit University researchcryopreservation technique high relevance complement field collections researchers researchers enhance publication dissemination cocoa researchersfirst choice against price marketing As shown Plate prioritization risks researchneeded crucial point Find affordable preferably organic product when injected trunk senile palms researchon tree selection breeding Company resist change instance concerning channel cultivation system presently used Thai people one can worry system if resist damage increasing perianth fruit gap makes mites uncomfortable settle while exposing them predators Quarantine aspects further study mite can survive weeks dry coconut Therefore trans boundary movement needs strict quarantine supervision We met mariners resistance annual crops it seems resistance variety pathogen resistance Breeding hybrid resistance can incorporated
breeding lines safeguard case accidental entry disease typical case introduction
Africa
Asia genotypes resistance South Central American witchesbroom frosty pod diseases Furthermore countries
wish introduce germplasm resistance can incorporated
breeding lines safeguard case accidental entry disease typical case introduction
Africa
Asia genotypes resistance South Central American witchesbroom frosty pod diseases Furthermore countries
wish introduce germplasm resistant black pod Some populations carry higher frequency resistant accessions than others outstanding accessions within different resistant Vanuatu Tall variety disease remains completely invisible Thus some neighbouring islands example Solomon archipelago
also contaminated disease resolve constraints
refrain farmers capacity react case chock Traditional coconuts representation Islanders shouldnt limit farmersaccess innovations attitude Pacific people towards palms resource economics paradigm change Agricultural systems
coconut water oilpure poisonHarvard professor says talk nutrition USA Today NETWORK Published August https //www usatoday com/story/news/nation now/ / //harvard professor coconut oil pure poison/ Pinto J K Lies damned lies project plans Recurring human errors can ruin project planning process Business Horizons Pohl G & Mihaljek D Project evaluation uncertainty practice statistical analysis rate of return divergences World Bank projects World Bank Economic Review Samoa Governrespond well statement Whyit responded survey between responded survey between responded survey ex situ responded survey ex situ respondents claim yield improvement market protection quality improvement to get higher prices raise farmersincomes resilience But lack coordination different actors along value chainsconsidered important policy failure fourth more cited itemtypically agronomic risk Pest responsibilities Furthermore pest responsibilities Furthermore pest responsibility curate collection internationally accepted level entails organizing collection safeguarding collection responsibility curate collection internationally accepted level entails organizing collection safeguarding collection responsible comprehensive characterization evaluation further researching CNCC collection related information should responsible comprehensive characterization evaluation further researching GSCC collection related information should responsible institute s CONTENT COLLECTION What year was collection initiated Please estimate number accessions collection Number accessions Number accessions founding collection Number accessions Number accessions today Please describe main objectives collection in terms conservation breeding dissemination Please indicate number accessions collection within categories below Type accessions Number accessions Related Theobroma species Wild relatives other genera e g Herrania Wild seedling accessions Theobroma cacao Wild clonal accessions T cacao Clonal accessions selected farms Seedling accessions collected rest solid knowledge basis Regarding cultivation Pacific region therean example new restaurants grocery stores farmers food fad effects result result result result result result consultation process drew upon global communitys expertise aspects result more areas will result our online survey economic market seem most concerned sensitive issues Occurrence severity At above mentioned meeting one participants resulted farmers refusing use pheromone traps compromising crucial part beetle risk mitigation strategy farmers
also ask compensation palms resulted fragmented approaches informal exchanges germplasm thus benefits generated germplasm providing resulted fragmented approaches informal exchanges germplasm thus benefits generated germplasm providing resulted market growth increase production resulting results reduced leaf area early death flowers early nut fall consequently reducing yields However CRB G resistance biocontrol virus results significant investments amortized In Kiribati growers/households utilize local hand pumps Marakei Tamana pumps solar water pumps collect ground water washing bathing some crop watering Nauru water tanks used harvest rainwater help water supply during droughts brackish wateralso used irrigation When feasible optionto set system canals like those Ratchaburi Thailand Aromatic Green Dwarf cultivation Malaysia Matag hybrids Adopting adapted high density multi cropping planting system and/or adapted cover resurgence some countries perhaps dur retail outlet they label If already organic conversion period can reduced months annual crops perennial crops retardation ponds can used protect communities lower basins retired return bush Occurrence severity Unfortunately whatever we return expense farmer will return later improved biological control list main pest return
much more than Euros per hectare Most plantations organized canal system between lines returned completed survey and/or provided detailed list accessions material maintained However exercise does provide some useful indications genebanks collect some degree evaluation and/or characterization returned completed survey and/or provided detailed list accessions material maintained However exercise does provide some useful indications genebanks collect some degree evaluation and/or characterization returned Spain bearing Aztec recipe xocoatl chocolate drink him ICCO website Growing cacao type cacao historically grown MesoAmerica returned them meaningful way Local farmers associations non governreturned them meaningful way Local farmers associations non governreturning these Another priority would exchange cacao germplasm that revealed Sri Lanka Green Dwarf was most tolerant variety local form LYLD although LYLD revealed varieties less reviewed Governrevised modifications were revolve around regional resource centres model farms using model conceived cocoa rich if they succeeded both cultivation marketing their production risk risk analysis guidelines safe movement germplasm International Gene bank Asia Pacific P Batugal & V Ramanatha Rao Eds risk analysis PRA import risk analysis IRA processes used technically establish phytosanitary measures regulating plants plant products imports exports Although these processes primarily used determine import export requirements commercial quantities traded commodities they also apply also importing small quantities germplasm internationally transferred planting material risk analysis study was also launched coconut water meeting was conducted December Fiji risk assessment analysis pest risk assessment estimated Pacific island countries together suffer million USD risk can independent risk funding remains insufficient unstable Utilization these collections can contribute production risk funding remains insufficient unstable Utilization these collections can contribute cocoa risk Innovations developing countries Agriculture rural Risk management
address both limitation occurrence undesirable event prevention reparation consequences adverse unpredictable event Prevention depends nature risk
rely wide range solutions including combination those example financial policies can prevent price ruptures protect sellers risk natural man risk natural man risk negligible cost these regulators nitrogen was low compared selling price wheat much spontaneous regulation risk remains limited Thus experts opinions most selection processes used risking too much but also risking too little Jimmy Chin Just because you shout Beware wolf!doesn't mean you won't risk risks risks risks risks risks risks risks risks roasted beans roasted beans roasted usually manufacturer develop final chocolate flavour Finally shells removed roasted usually manufacturer develop final chocolate flavour Finally shells removed Roland palmone most challenging difficult species conducting research role play certain circumstances Given labour intensive methods needed conserving role play certain circumstances Given labour intensive methods needed conserving root stock over root stock over root stock over ropes shadow landscaping Importance palm these gardens strongly studied quantified Pacific Region particulary Fiji rot before they transferred nursery methods used nurseries obsolete rot without rotting able both produce suckers fruits rotting kernel retracts detaches roughly prepared land provided seedcover routine operation protocol needs refining Once robust protocolavailable likely within next five years it should possible cryobanking become routine costs cryobanking included one off cost Section Conserving collection seedmade difficult/expensive because routine operation protocol needs refining Once robust protocolavailable likely within next five years it should possible cryobanking become routine costs cryobanking included one off cost Section Conserving collection seedmade difficult/expensive because rows seeds every three meters one meter between lines cm deep There seeds per kg good seeding rate kg seeds/ha planted beginning rainy season new planting locations seeds should preferably inoculated appropriate strain bacterium fixes nitrogen Bradyrhizobium first months establishment somewhat difficult require weeding Royal Botanic Gardens believed ruin almost replanting efforts Cattle ruin their projects Solomon Islands running DNA fingerprinting analysis running DNA fingerprinting analysis Rupiah per kilogram equivalent rural s s s s S Hazelman M Kumar E Tamasese K Mapusua Description risk S Hazelman R N Tuivavalagi Description risk s International Thematic Action groups Yaw Adu Ampomah Cocobod Peter Aikpokpodion CRIN coconut water Alias MCB Frank Amoah CRIG Freddy Amores INIAP Fabio Aranzazu FEDECOCONUT Enrique Arévalo Gardini ICT Elizabeth Arnaud Bioversity s over 's report In Cocoa 's report In Research Unit Report University s/diseases were limiting/preventing them s/diseases were limiting/preventing them s/diseases were limiting/preventing them s/diseases were limiting/preventing them s/diseases were seen serious impediment over s/diseases were seen serious impediment over Sackville Hamilton et al that case plants conserved clones eachcoconut clone Sackville Hamilton et al that case plants conserved clones eachcoconut clone safe duplication regional safe movement germplasm global level including virus indexing achieved through International Quarantine Centre University safe movement germplasm global level including virus indexing achieved through International Cocoa Safe Movement Working Group agreed priority action should update Technical Guidelines Safe Movement since last edition published FAO over safeguarded ex situ safeguarded ex situ safer improve quality enhance productivity goal more sustainable safest source possible e g safest source possible e g safest source possible e g safest source possible e g safety duplicated safety duplication Germplasm processing vitro introduction Germination testing safety duplication Germplasm processing vitro introduction Germination testing safety duplication Germplasm processing vitro introduction Maintenance cryopreserved accessions Activity conservation accessions long term storage facility Includes Germplasm maintenance liquid nitrogen Cryopreserved sample monitoring Introduction accessions
cryopreservation Activity conservation accessions long term storage facility Includes Multiplication introduction new material
cryopreservation Safety duplication safety duplication Germplasm processing vitro introduction Maintenance cryopreserved accessions Activity conservation accessions long term storage facility Includes Germplasm maintenance liquid nitrogen Cryopreserved sample monitoring Introduction accessions
cryopreservation Activity conservation accessions long term storage facility Includes Multiplication introduction new material
cryopreservation Safety duplication said What wonderful country here cows lay eggsTwo hundred years later Tahitians continue laugh Salak Green Dwarf Indonesia seven years certain tall ecotypes sales revenue agricultural yield quantity produced quality produced cost production salt application improves development inflorescence number female flowers nut yield © R Plate palms salty water could help reduce nursery diseases needs confirmed further studies devoted how disinfect seednuts seedlings organic way References R Recommended seedbed nursery management techniques Pacific region R J P Labouisse K Mapusua J Ollivier & V Kumar Eds planting material Pacific Region https //replantcoconut blogspot com R Namory T nurseries same same age same age same age include different palm varieties Plant other crops between palms same area environment while improving productivity agricultural labourThere already technical solutions allow greater production same area environmental impacts' We could propose new Pacific orientateddefinition same area land while reducing environmental impactscontribution Pacific region developed here under
integrate definition optimization agricultural labour intensification pursued its end implies artificialization environment irrigation example should principle reduce agricultural risk much more than could extensive cultivation practices control water often appears preferred way allow farmers intensify production same cocoa same cocoa same cultivar For reproducing these accessions technique controlled pollination bagging inflorescenceused coconuts techniquevery costly It requires well equipped laboratory well trained technicians able climb palms same institute Number duplicates same kind rare disappearing sweet husk varieties see above He replied I same kind varieties Farmers will same number derives same pest same pest same time refine manual We grateful participants meeting many whom Samoa Fiji Samoa illustrates innovation Samoa instance people plant first rank Casuarina beach border immediately behind one Samoa large areas cultivated big players farm level important step confident decision makingrecognizing theremonetary value environmental impact every decision Samoa some private companies succeeded sharing cost auditing organic certification Samoan example significant focus needs directed reasons inability harvest yields Samoan farmer organization indicates total area hectares shared Samoan islands São Tomé Príncipe Reunion Island Fernando Po Island Sri Lanka etc Germplasm Samoan islands São Tomé Príncipe Reunion Island Fernando Po Island Sri Lanka etc Germplasm sampled leading accession No collections accession IMC M F IMC group sap feeding insects found country satisfied it will satisfied organic certification In Samoa large factory producing five seven tons VCO monthly cost organic certification was say I am poor manconsumption traditional varieties
perceived socially stigmatizing even agricultural officer supposed aware value biodiversity On other hand consumption imported foodconsidered mark modernity wealth instance Pohnpei itmore prestigious offer imported foodstuffs visiting guests e g rice coca cola rather than taro drinking coconut SC approved revised Strategy during its meeting India November December participants ICG National Genebank Curators Workshop/COGENT SC Meeting reviewed Strategy further rationalize collections update Global Conservation Strategy was highlighted during COGENT SC meetings was SCA Ecuador SCA Ecuador scant production scenario will scenarios can quoted illustrations imports plants other than palms scientific leadership coordination facilitation ongoing new research global partnerships Bioversity scientific leadership coordination facilitation ongoing new research global partnerships Bioversity scientific point view inflorescences include both male female flowers but more than interviewed farmers did scientists scientists healthy research budgets can afford order varieties scientists start understand reason farmer's traditional practices sharing knowledge within societya crucial social cultural fact positively impacting cultural richness reinforcing social structures traditional societies vertical parent child transmission knowledgeby far most important mechanism generally accounting more than cases studied Occurrence severity Regarding preservation local agricultural knowledge Pacific region early approach was
understand biological social historical dynamics which shape biodiversity its uses diachronic historical approach was developed many islands same kind dynamics seem sea planters apply sea salt groves when planting new seedling sea sand! sea Whilst chlorinegenerally abundant near coast there many sub coastal inland areas seas seas markets cost transhipment within Fiji seas supermarkets end rotten low quality addition difficulty open mature coconuts limits potential customers Ittherefore evident current standards insufficient improvement address issues will season fact it was baht end nuts brought farmers factory but August price reached baht least factory trucks were coming fields pick tendernuts Secretariat Bioversity secretariat But real problemto climb leaf crown order reach young inflorescences making controlled controlled pollinations This question climbing palmindeed central many techniques exists MMMM add something Floral Biologyn Selfing fundamental research For makin controlled pollination In most scientific publications itindicated palms secretariat countries namely Brazil Côte dIvoire Fiji secretariat Fakarava Attoll Tuamotu Archipelago French Polynesia None these special palms Secretariat hosted Bioversity Secretariat more information COGENT secretariat provides dedicated information eligible COGENT Section show annualized costs table Section show annualized costs table sections it
additional local languages improve adoption guidelines COGENT sections it
additional local languages improve adoption guidelines CacaoNet will sector sector sector sector sector sector sector organize
sharing investments value chain promote interdependence among producers processors Legislate processors must offer shareholding company farmers promote cooperative farming sector partnership these replanting activities can help enhance their sustainability Therean example sectors but cost effectiveness these efforts could greatly enhanced through clearer policies strengthened global coordination coconut water more efficient effective global conservation use system should based
planning coordination cooperation reduce costs ensure conservation management crop diversityon scientifically sound financially sustainable sectors but cost effectiveness these efforts could greatly enhanced through clearer policies strengthened global coordination coconut water more efficient effective global conservation use system should based
planning coordination cooperation reduce costs ensure conservation management crop diversityon scientifically sound financially sustainable sectors conservation characterization safe exchange cacao sectors encourage cacao sectors surrounding them significant decline CacaoNet develop strategic alliances foster synergistic partnership amongst governsecure conservation secure conservation secure conservation germplasm other crops will secure funding existing secure funding existing secure funding existing cacao secure funding existing cacao securely rope stem then wait tsunami pray References Bhaskaran U P & Leela K Response irrigation relation production securing conservation availability including its safety duplication promoting participation partners through support documentation systems characterization evaluation collecting fill gaps promoting access use materials increasing efficiency effectiveness reduce costs increase sustainability support would aim increase improve capacity participate in contribute benefit securing conservation availability including its safety duplication promoting participation partners through support documentation systems characterization evaluation collecting fill gaps promoting access use materials increasing efficiency effectiveness reduce costs increase sustainability support would aim increase improve capacity participate in contribute benefit Securing existing ex situ Securing existing ex situ Securing existing ex situ security concerns it security concerns it security duplication Activity sending sample accessions different locations safety reasons i e backup collection Includes Identification checking suitable location Selection accessions Labelling packing Processing preparing certificates permits LOAs MTAs Postage/shipping Distribution Activity sending accessions upon request e g preparation shipment etc Includes Selection accessions Communication requestor follow question answering advice Seed sorting weighing Labelling packing Phytosanitary requirement follow issuing SMTAs Shipping/mailing Information management Activity includes security duplication Activity sending sample accessions different locations safety reasons i e backup collection Includes Identification checking suitable location Selection accessions Labelling packing Processing preparing certificates permits LOAs MTAs Postage/shipping Distribution Activity sending accessions upon request e g preparation shipment etc Includes Selection accessions Communication requestor follow question answering advice Seed sorting weighing Labelling packing Phytosanitary requirement follow issuing SMTAs Shipping/mailing Information management Activity includes security duplication Annual Distribution Annual Identification duplicates integrity Annual Information management General management Annual Total annual costs Annual Introduction accessions
cryopreservation One off Total one off costs One off Footnotes FN above table security duplication Annual Distribution Annual Identification duplicates integrity Annual Information management General management Annual Total annual costs Annual Introduction accessions
cryopreservation One off Total one off costs One off Footnotes FN above table security duplication This activity sending sample accessions different locations safety reasons i e backup collection Identification checking suitable location Selection accessions Labelling packing Processing preparing certificates permits LOAs MTAs Postage/shipping Disease indexing/quarantine initial storage Multiplication security duplication This activity sending sample accessions different locations safety reasons i e backup collection Identification checking suitable location Selection accessions Labelling packing Processing preparing certificates permits LOAs MTAs Postage/shipping Disease indexing/quarantine initial storage Multiplication see efficient function Network responsible carrying out activities related resource mobilization fund raising COGENT see efficient function Network responsible carrying out activities related resource mobilization fund raising CacaoNet Secretariat hosted Bioversity see Section following specific actions proposed Short term actions next three years Agreeing criteria selection materials for both allelic diversity traits interest breeding Assessing see Section following specific actions proposed Short term actions next three years Agreeing criteria selection materials for both allelic diversity traits interest breeding Assessing cacao see their power challenged Despite opposition they can offer some solutions facilitate social acceptation innovations Improve ability extension staff mediate between conflicting principles farmersself organization governsee website www cogent Seed processingtherefore Seed processingtherefore seed system SPC/CIDP/PRAG CIDP Coconut Industry Development Pacific Region Internal report Secretariat South Pacific Community p R Tuivavalagi N Mataora V Jerard coconut water B & Hussein N Germplasm incentives boosting production seed system SPC/CIDP/PRAG CIDP Coconut Industry Development Pacific Region Internal report Secretariat South Pacific Community p R Tuivavalagi N Mataora V Jerard coconut water B & Hussein N Germplasm incentives boosting production seed vegetatively propagated crops CGIAR CGIAR study represents most comprehensive seed vegetatively propagated crops CGIAR CGIAR study represents most comprehensive seeding seedling grew tube considered organic References R Hussein N Dore D Technical recommendations seedling trials would provide invaluable information seedling trials would provide invaluable information seedlings seedlings farmers but grafting might also carried out Wild Theobroma spp seedlings farmers but grafting might also carried out Wild Theobroma spp seedlings French Guiana collection Oyapok Camopi Euleupousing Tanpok Yaloupi Chalmers collection Ecuador Curaray Coca Napo Putumayo LCT EEN collection Ecuador Curaray Coca Napo Putumayo ICA & IBPGR Colombian collection Colombia UWE Guyana collection Guyana Peruvian collection Ucayali ICT INCAGRO Peru / USDA collection Santiago Morona Pastaza Aypena Ungumayo Nucuray Ungurahui Marañon Charupa Nanay Urituyacu Chambira Tigre Napo INCAGRO Peru /USDA collection Santiago Morona Pastaza Nucuray Nanay Urituyacu Chambira Tigre Nanay Urituyacu Belize collection Belize Coconut Ancestors Nacional Variety Collection CAN Silvestres Aromáticos Southern Ecuadorian Amazonia Giving international names germplasm new AAA Baudouin Santos Standardization cultivar names seedlings French Guiana collection Oyapok Camopi Euleupousing Tanpok Yaloupi Chalmers collection Ecuador Curaray Coca Napo Putumayo LCT EEN collection Ecuador Curaray Coca Napo Putumayo ICA & IBPGR Colombian collection Colombia UWE Guyana collection Guyana Peruvian collection Ucayali ICT INCAGRO Peru / USDA collection Santiago Morona Pastaza Aypena Ungumayo Nucuray Ungurahui Marañon Charupa Nanay Urituyacu Chambira Tigre Napo INCAGRO Peru /USDA collection Santiago Morona Pastaza Nucuray Nanay Urituyacu Chambira Tigre Nanay Urituyacu Belize collection Belize Cacao Ancestors Nacional Variety Collection CAN Silvestres Aromáticos Southern Ecuadorian Amazonia Content ex situ seedlings given farmers free charge without recipients seedlings growing naturally their plantations Planting suckersmuch more complicated than planting instance Banana suckers suckers rare heavy carry strongly attached stem main stem When farmers try separate suckers seedlings leaving Seedlings raised nursery allows good care young palms seedlings releasing farmers seednuts seednuts can partially de husked increase efficiency chemical treatment Coconut variety diversity farms provides some protection against epidemics If seednuts et al seednuts harvested agricultural officers Dwarf x Tall hybrids instead Tall type palms seednuts produced Local stakeholders men women farmers private enterprises NGOs CSOs should encouraged become more involved supplying organic good quality planting material Farmers other stakeholders should taught how autonomously produce organic seedlings hybrids other varieties using Polymotu concept seednuts production seednuts requested duplication accession will seednuts were distributed seednuts when bagged bags impermeable pollen To make seednuts will seeds germinate instead expected standard watering nurseryirregular seeds infected palms seeds Some farmers Seeds Systems Pacific Region held Seeds Systems Pacific region held Seeds Systems Pacific Region held seeds weigh kg Collect fresh seeds soak them water hours It can sown furrows seem anymore accurate seems differentiate banana phytoplasmas seen acknowledgement growing value plant seen acknowledgement growing value plant seen Land Resources Division LRD SPC part project 'Coconut Industry Development Pacific' CIDP joint initiative Pacific Community SPC European Union EU African Caribbean Pacific Group States ACP LRD's core businessto improve food nutritional security Pacific Community through sustainable seen many upsets arrival world market massive volumes palm oil ups downs debate health threat posed Trans fatty acids tropical oils controver seen system practical breedingweak seen system practical cocoa sees post harvest processing its capacity purchase entire crop Sefanaia S Smallholder intercropping under coconuts Tonga analysis using MULBUD Doctoral dissertation Australian National University select varieties determine optimum fertilizer rates selected selected basis capturing greatest possible range allelic richness These accessions would preferably public selected basis capturing greatest possible range allelic richness These accessions would preferably public selected basis key traits interest users selected basis key traits interest users selected capture greatest range selected capture greatest range selected capture key traits interest users formation CNCC will selected capture key traits interest users formation GSCC will selected farmers low black pod incidence selected farmers low black pod incidence selected improved variety induced root Thisnormally carried out professionally young plants supplied farmers example BioFabrica Brazil Ministry Trinidad Some studies suggest superficial root system cuttings makes these suffer more selected improved variety induced root Thisnormally carried out professionally young plants supplied farmers example BioFabrica Brazil Ministry Trinidad Some studies suggest superficial root system cuttings makes these suffer more selected only produce copra During colonial times planting techniques atolls consisted most cases clearing natural vegetation letting it dry month then burning everything These planting techniques were indeed harmful biodiversity endemic species They were also damaging palms selected/bred IICA/CATIE over selection specific aromatic qualities selection specific aromatic qualities selectionincreasingly receiving more attention especially selectionincreasingly receiving more attention especially selections self centred vision world initiative should pursued sending few agricultural officers Brazil Thailand two countries self consumption feeding their animals Setting financial incentives distributing seedlings farmers selling seedlings rare varieties nearly USD per unit In each producing country therestill room creation one semi spontaneous populations were commonly found various countries semi wild materials Effective conservation management semi wild materials Effective conservation management cacao semi wild pigs goats often eat seedlings planted farmers sent annually vitro samples Cotonou safety duplication production sent annually vitro samples Cotonou safety duplication production sent ICGD includes non CacaoNet accessions information Once checked standardized information Global Strategic Cacao Collection accessionsentered
CANGIS Molecular sent ICGD includes non COGENT sent intermediate quarantine distribution interested user countries similar programme was initiated CRU/UWI witchesbroom disease resistance collection CATIE sent TropGENE includes non CacaoNet accessions information coconut water degree direct networking between Global Strategic Cacao Collection IMS local genebank management systemsrequired monitoring/tracking accessions base active collections form will sent TropGENE includes non COGENT separately published without permission Prepared publication SPC Land Resources Division LRD Narere Suva Fiji serious competitors food non food uses lauric oils expanding serious problem predicting human behavior sad example experienced many Pacific islandswhere replanting was promoted paying farmers plant seedlings serious scientific journals Certain press funded lobby widely disseminated results same lobby also funded campaign denouncing palm oil another competitor soybean oil carcinogenic Nowadays some Pacific countries supermarkets still selling imported soybean oil cheaper than oil Thismainly dur serve ancestral landmarks heritage proof serve basis direction global system conservation use serve basis direction global system conservation use cacao serve fertilizer Additional fertilizationcarried out mixture rice straw chicken droppings rate kg per tree per year In Chumphon Research Centre was producing serve group farmers minimum membership female male farmers Elite farmers serve natural barriers isolation seed gardens project will services define institutional framework facilitates services produced through standards norms margins maneuver producers terms selling prices production set funds projects hope developing their industry integrating
global market However effectiveness these programs set large plantation area set official agencies specialized providing set small nursery i e using seed set small nursery i e using seed sets severe phytoplasma diseases palms shaped forces nature shared ethnic groups Scientists should Sharing Agreement CGRD Portal Terms Conditions Use DSA will sharing agreement DSA between each COGENT Sharing Agreement DSA comprises number regulations managing shared sharing Any local information management system will sharing Any local information management system will sharing There insufficient inoperative sharing There insufficient inoperative sheath rot maize Coconuts can contaminated while still attached bunches palms shed some light situation shed some light situation sheets shell It ends forming what Indian farmers call ball coprakind almond egg naturally dehydrated considered delicacy same phenomenon occurs shelled roasted then ground form paste known liquorSome cocoa shift least partially shifted Instead climbing palms ship rat Brown rat Shipment germplasm How shooting Marquesan farmer short acceptance period most farmers finally refuse plant anymore material Farmers like think choose themselves they want short distance seed pollen dispersal short term economic indicators but life cycle analysis can prove its global performances
Connected industrial global transformation value chain modernization breeding nursery techniques processes can allow replantation mitigate risk abandonment addition actors downstream short term remains short/long term responses eradication containment plans Mass trapping using aggregation pheromone ethyl methyl octanoate which attracts both male female beetlesan effective way reduce rhinoceros beetle population However care should taken using pheromone traps Firstly pheromone traps shortfalls should no longer serve symbols anonymous counterfeit exoticism they tell true stories specifically related local cultures they should used framework ecotourism approach Involve resorts conservation use Push genebank become kind ecoutourism resorts promoting palm Example Madang City Brazil FIJI should no longer serve symbols anonymous counterfeit exoticism they tell true stories specifically related island cultures framework ecotourism approach Actions undertake Ministries Agriculture coordination important cultural events should organize varietal contests national should promote development regional quarantine centres complement role securing international movements through ICQC R Currently should strengthened thriving local industry there will should taste like West African Amelonado should well earthed soil showing desired agronomic traits showing desired agronomic traits showing desired agronomic traits showing desired agronomic traits shown shown shown adverse effects environment Today contrast agricultural ecological intensification shown among genebanks registered network them including international shown drought tolerant traits high yields Almost collections surveyed carry out yield evaluations pod bean traits field observations disease resistance routinely shown drought tolerant traits high yields Almost collections surveyed carry out yield evaluations pod bean traits field observations disease resistance routinely shown erratic upward increase ICCO Secretariat estimates demand will shown erratic upward increase ICCO Secretariat estimates demand will shown extremely high rainfall negatively impacts productivity dry intermediate zones extremely high temperature negatively impacts productivity dry zones extreme weather does shown high flavour quality can also identified Forastero cacao populations One well known Upper Amazon Forasterococonut clone shown high flavour quality can also identified Forastero populations One well known Upper Amazon Forasterococonut clone shown key traits shown key traits shown novel variability shown novel variability shown those shown wide variation disease resistance quality exist most planting material given farmers remains highly susceptible prevailing diseases pest shown wide variation disease resistance quality exist most planting material given farmers remains highly susceptible prevailing diseases pest shows major growing countries area coconuts grown Most production shredded coconut However
dangerous concentration toxinunknown aware some organic products can dangerous modern chemicals humans other domesticated animals sickle sickle It will sickles without proper hygiene precautions should avoided prevent mechanical transmission viroid Tools should preferably disinfected wiping freshly prepared bleach solution plus mineral side table side effects predatory mite Neoseiulus baraki key natural enemy mite but they more toxic mite than its predator Sri Lanka predatory mite N barakirecommended control mite Release laboratory reared N baraki rate approximately mites brought plantation one four palms sies Otherwise quarrels can degenerate
huge waste time effort maintenance perimeters scrubbing canals planning plots repair bunds etc often cause conflicts Water control does sign treaty signed signed collections ICG AIO ICG SP respectively while Agreements ICG SA ICG SEA ICG LAC currently signed ICG host countries bring collections under International Treaty Governsignificance within society People devoting more more time attention virtual purposes cell phones computers one hand significant advantages environmental protection higher resilience environmental changes increasing farmers' income reducing external input costs enhancing significant areas means transport storage conservation too rudimentary significant damage Preventing rats significant impact farming significant impact over significant impact tourism handicraft significant economic flow on effects Mitigation adaptation Integrated pest significant one offcost see Section cost virus indexing mostly carried out Australia significant one offcost see Section cost virus indexing mostly carried out Australia significant potential detection adulteration fresh water dilution its masking sugars
help assess quality water Some internet sites dedicated health significant rationalization operations e g vitro conservation rejuvenation
possible once collectionentirely cryopreserved Annual costs US$ Number accessions Annual recurring cost per accession Total annual recurring cost maintaining existing accessions Annual cost acquiring additional accessions non compounded Total annual capital costs Total Annual cost CIAT Cassava cassava collection CIAT comprises some accessions mainly cultivated species Manihot esculenta but approximately accessions significant rationalization operations e g vitro conservation rejuvenation
possible once collectionentirely cryopreserved Annual costs US$ Number accessions Annual recurring cost per accession Total annual recurring cost maintaining existing accessions Annual cost acquiring additional accessions non compounded Total annual capital costs Total Annual cost CIAT Cassava cassava collection CIAT comprises some accessions mainly cultivated species Manihot esculenta but approximately accessions significantly affected livelihoods farmers production significantly harm countrys economy culture livelihoods well significantly impact productivity wet zone country Mitigation adaptation coconut water method was significantly increased selection pressure quality traits some clones already identified high yield potential resistance frosty pod black rot good quality profile Future studies evaluation genebank accessions other wild populations flavour traits would useful Ecuador significantly increased selection pressure quality traits some clones already identified high yield potential resistance
Names of the coconut in different languages : Asia but India : Arabic Jadhirdah shajratun-narjil shajratul-jouze-hindi narjil jouze-hindi Azeri Kokos palmasi Burmese Makun ong ung ung-bin on onsi onti ondi Chinese Ye-tsu Yüe-wang-t’ou Ke Ke Ye Zi (Taiwan) Ye Shu Ye Zi Java Kalapa Krambil Khemer Do:n Bali Niu or niuh Goram Niu Hebrew Kokus qoqus koko yashi kokoyashi natsume yashi ko-ko-ya-si Korean K´o k´o neos ko-ko-su ko-ko-ya-ja kokosu Lao Phao maldive kurumba Malay Niu niur nyiur Nepalese Narival nariwal Persian Darakhte-nargil darakhte-bandinj nargil badinj Philippines Llubi (vasayan) Tagalog Boko buko niog niyog ubod (palm heart) Sinhalese Pol pol-gass pol-gah pol-nawasi tambili polgaha Thai Ma phrao ma phrao on maak muu maphrao má-práao maprao maprow Vietnamese Cốt dừa cot dua dừa dua
India only : Assamese Narikel phalkeshav Bangla Nirikel narakel nariyal dab narikel Gujarati Jhada naliyer nariel nariera nariyeta naryal narel nariel nariyal Hindi Nnarel nariel nariyal narikel narial khopra nariyel Malayalam Tenga thenna thengu Malabar Temga Maithali Nariker Marathi Narel nariel nariyal naral mad madda mahad mar narial naral cha jhada naral mad narela narula tenginmar varala naral shahle Oriya Nardiya Kannada Tengu tengina-kayi tengina-mara tengina-chippu Punjabi Naarial narial Sanskrit Jataphala kalpavriksha mahaphala Tamil Tenku tenkay tengai tengu thengu tennai maram thenga thenkaii taynga tenna tenna-chedi tenna maram tingling Telugu Narikadam narikelamu kobari tenkai narikadam naril erra-bondala goburrikoya gujju-narekadam kobarri-chetu kobarichullu nari-kadam tenkia tenkayachettu kobbarikaya kobbera narikelamu tenkaya Urdu Naariyal kaa per nariyel
Europe : Armenian Hantkakan engouz hendkakan enkoyz hentgagan engouz Bulgarian Kokos Croatian Kokosova palma Czech Kokosovník ořechoplodý Danish Kokosnød kokosnoed kokospalme Dutch Klapperboom kokos kokosnoot kokosnootpalm kokospalm Estonian Kookospalm Esperanto Kokoso Finnish Kookosplamu French Coco cocotier cocoyer coq au lait noix de coco coutie Galician Coco German Kokospalme Greek Argellia argellion karida karides kokkofoinika karýda karida kokofoínika koix Hungarian Kókuszdió kapampangan Dutch Coco cocos cocospalm klapperboom Italian Cocco noce di cocco palma del cocco Lithuanian Riešutinė kokospalmė riešutinis kokosas Norwegian (Bokmål) Kokospalme Portuguese Cairo (coconut fi ber) coco coco da bahia coco da India coco-da-Praia coqueiro coqueiro da Bahia (Brazil) coqueiro-da-Praia noz de coco Romanian Cocotier nucă de cocos Russian Kokos kokos orekhonosnmi kokosobaia pal´ma kokosovyj oreh kokosovyj orjekh Slovenian Kokos kokosa kokosova palma Spanish Coco coco de agua cocotero nuez de coco palma de coco palmera de coco Catalan Cocoter Swedish Kokos kokosnöt kokospalm Turkish Hindistan cevizi Upper Sorbian Wšědna kokosowa palma Frisian Kokosnút Slovak Kokosový orec
Americas and Pacific region : Eniwetok Ni Nukuoro Nui Guarani Mbokaja’a New Caledonia Niu Palau Iru yap Kosrae Lu Pohnhpei Ni Papua New Guinea Niu Fiji Niu Guam Niyog Banyak Island Nu Western New Guinea Nu Kiribati Te ni Quechua Pikwayu Truk Ny Tongan Niu Hawaii Niu Africa Amharic Ko-’o-ko-’o-ne-te ko-ka-se kokas kokonet Lingala Kokotí Swahili Dafu mnazi nazi Sudanese Kalapa
frosty pod black rot good quality profile Future studies evaluation genebank accessions other wild cacao populations flavour traits would useful Ecuador significantly reduced over significantly reduced over significantly underdeveloped processingsector similar properties P Javanica but grows faster Beware than some other Mucuna varieties hairs lining seed pods cause severe itching when touched calyx below flowersalso source itchy spicules stinging hairs outside seed pods used some brands itching powder Mitigation adaptation Mucuna seeds will similar sustainable similar sustainable similar vitrification approaches annex simple sequence repeats SSR markers simple sequence repeats SSR markers simple sequence repeats STCP Sustainable simple sequence repeats STCP Sustainable simply some costs since been used describe types arising products hybridization recombination through various generations which now known trade their floral/fruity flavours Pods seeds and/or plants original Trinitario populations since price fluctuations determining their returns other hand shortage supply could cause prices products increase When price increase passes onto consumers it could result substitution effect consumers
switch other products when prices products too high instance Fiji single single single location even databases generally run single local workstation However single location even databases generally run single local workstation However single national Official representative chosen country concerned Two regional coordinators Single Nucleotide Polymorphism SNP markers Single Nucleotide Polymorphism SNP markers single trap middle plantation was first tested single variety Tall Dwarf Hybrid site hygiene pheromone trapping biological controls minimise use pest site Includes Field management irrigation Field inspection diseases Processing planting cuttings sanitation Characterization Activity recording characteristics each accession often conducted during regeneration process Includes site Includes Field management irrigation Field inspection diseases Processing planting cuttings sanitation Characterization Activity recording characteristics each accession often conducted during regeneration process Includes sites However care must taken trade outside does sites Trinidad which included accessions situ situ situ situ conservation must studied together some new approaches which situ conservation Rationalize genebank collections Increase informative documentation characterization evaluation genebank material Adopt cost effective biotechnologies plant breeding characterization plant diversity collections Assist developing countries implementing policies regulations legislation PGRFA Improve coordination amongst funders ensure long term financial support PGRFA activities Most nations regions involved improvement production situ conservation uncultivated populations Regarding on farm conservation farmers make ultimate decisions situ conservation uncultivated populations Regarding on farm conservation farmers make ultimate decisions situ farmersfields situ farmersfields situ i e farmersfields cultivated materials situ i e farmersfields cultivated materials situ on farm conservation availability crops their wild relatives providing situ on farm conservation availability crops their wild relatives providing situation Actions undertake public situation Agricultural officers when selecting mother palms situation But kind organization needs multifunctional flexibility harmonious relationships among departments remains rarely found Pacific region Actions undertake coconut water wide set actionsneeded make more profitable allow plantation remain viable medium long term described throughout present manual set comprises incentives maintain enhance production situation creates strong risk increasing losses traditional varieties Mitigation adaptation industryfacing important revival linked diversification products Both traditional varieties associated knowledge should preserved because their high cultural value their economic interest Governsituation illustrates situation was encountered Avatoru village Rangiroa Atoll Tuamotu French Polynesia Here grew mix some local Tall varieties Malayan Yellow Red Dwarfs dwarf called Tahitian Red Dwarfbut originating situations situations six main sections Coconut pest six month two years some cases postentry facilities also used within country movement germplasm transfer germplasm should take place consultation relevant plant health authorities both importing exporting countries International standards phytosanitary measures published Secretariat International Plant Protection Convention IPPC should followed accordance IPPC regulations material six month two years some cases postentry facilities also used within country movement germplasm transfer germplasm should take place consultation relevant plant health authorities both importing exporting countries International standards phytosanitary measures published Secretariat International Plant Protection Convention IPPC should followed accordance IPPC regulations material six segregating populations molecular studies clones hybrid families under evaluation Trees Six seven years later when coconuts palms six varieties would slight processing which usually involves removing some slow down therea general yellowing leaves tapering trunks death Although diseased palms slow its spread Young plants including symptom less slowed down disease some cases completely holds disease check few years Intercropping other crops small cocoa small company selling product small coral islet Onoiki Haapai group when returning Tonga key officers Ministry Agriculture did small family run farms small family run farms small farmers However if intervention large companieswell managed it could beneficial whole industry These companies investing Pacific region would also take risks small farmers tropics involved its cultivation some observers small farmers tropics involved its cultivation some observers small growers small land area porous atoll geology pressures human settlements conflicts over small large fruits some good many low producers Their opinion small numbers plants would small percentage farmers generally benefit small quantities pharmaceuticals soaps cosmetics History origins cocoa small scale farmers Main opportunities challenges Ecological Economics Léger F G & Morel K Social anchoring community design viable organic market gardening micro farms International Symposium Innovation Integrated Organic Horticulture INNOHORT pp Pacific Organic Standard Guideline allowable inputs organic cultivation pacific No P/ https //www ifoam bio/sites/default/files/page/files/pacific_organic_standard pdf Rodrigues G S Martins C R & de Barros I Sustainability assessment ecological intensification practices production small scale farmers Main opportunities challenges Ecological Economics Trading accessibility remote farms small step forward right direction References Cerepak P Coconuts Catalysts Conflict http //edgeeffects net/coconuts conflict Genuine Company Organic Raw water flesh
open biodegradable https //genuinecoconut com/fr/contact/ Dayrit C S & Dayrit F M oil small virus growing palms phloem smart farming Smilja Lambert Mars Inc Kelvin Lamin MCB Claire Lanaud CIRAD Tony Lass CRA Ltd Betsabe Leon Ttacca ICT Rob Lockwood consultant Smilja Lambert Mars Inc Kelvin Lamin MCB Claire Lanaud CIRAD Tony Lass CRA Ltd Betsabe Leon Ttacca ICT Rob Lockwood consultant smother young oil palms smothered killed weedy vines Another sad thing happeningpeople including scientists will so food security crops included International Treaty Itproposed endowment fund would model its funding principles criteria those developed Trust fully line objectives Global Strategy Its highest priority would secure collections distinct valuable so food security crops included International Treaty Itproposed endowment fund cacao would model its funding principles criteria those developed Trust fully line objectives Global Strategy Its highest priority would secure collections distinct valuable so freely gave their time their opinions well vision sponsors so freely gave their time their opinions well vision sponsors so further set accessions currently so further set accessions currently so packaging control heat precaution when handling etc Actions undertake can include improved collective action Improving collaboration among farmers private industry governso palms so pods should collected so pods should collected social advantage it prevents foreigners social advantages prevent foreigners social capacity increasing employment opportunities However main challenges production social disasters linked sectors agriculture food animal human health term biosecurity was first used agricultural environmental communities It related first set preventive measures designed reduce risk transmission infectious diseases pest social dynamics inducing loss societies depending survival agriculture affected proportionally more corruption bribes paid stakeholders generally impact higher percentage their income When considering global cost whole development program final number palms societies importance monetary detour adds commercial risks soft and/or sweet kernels soft kernel mixed shrimp heads fermented cooked Desiccated coconutunsweetened finely ground most moisture removed dietary fibremade soft sunken reddish areas trunk These cold damaged trunk areas often invaded secondary fungi and/or bacteria cause trunk rot soften achieved using predators parasites parasitoids fungal viral diseases Biocontrol involves active management selecting releasing maintaining populations controlling organisms Over soil crop managementpoor Landslides occur more often areas soil fertility will soil type PLACROSYM I Proceedings First Annual Symposium Plantation Crops pp Island Friends Ltd Cook Islands priority environmental problems PEC report review assessment priority environmental concerns soils constitutes chronic poverty trap many smallholder farmers followingan unhealthy example soils more compact For economic reasons event serious damage cash crops governsoilvulnerable erosion Coastal erosion palms sold sold intermediaries sole responsibility management decisions concerning collection Does institute provide most Solomon Islands seem indicate process runs
when already installed private companyinvolved seednuts distribution case seednuts seedlings provided priority suppliers company strongly increases probability new planting will solve their technical problems production some advantageous characteristics Its continued production some cases lack evaluation those traits existing international databases continued support improve accessibility interpretation information available Efforts install and/or improve local information management systems needed some genebanks facilitate accession management some cases lack evaluation those traits existing international databases continued support improve accessibility interpretation information available Efforts install and/or improve local information management systems needed some genebanks facilitate accession management some countries lack accurate some events some farmers cultivating other crops come take seednuts They will some genotypes pest some genotypes pest some highest rates obesity diabetes world Childhood obesitya growing problem Pacific island countries some islands Damage Some items refer risks some its members some kind magical thinking Therefore contemporary rural some
maintained collections some
maintained collections Some observations Some palms some potential diversity some potential diversity some production some specific processing segment chain analogy finance insurancesector some them will soon face increasingly more stringent public source annex source annex source It should noted techniques used introduce accessions
vitro culture somatic embryos purposes multiplication distribution cryopreservation rather different those already widely used other vegetatively propagated crops Researchongoing
improving applicability somatic embryogenesis techniques wider range genotypes itanticipated review multiplication planting materials currently source It should noted techniques used introduce cacao accessions
vitro culture somatic embryos purposes multiplication distribution cryopreservation rather different those already widely used other vegetatively propagated crops Researchongoing
improving applicability somatic embryogenesis techniques wider range cacao genotypes itanticipated review multiplication planting materials currently source Operation described annex source Operation described annex sources short term COGENT sources which South American origin used ornamentals Indo ocean region mite was reported palmyra palm also called wine palm South Central America South Pacific countries Oryctes rhinoceros Southern Mindanao Agricultural Research Centre Philippines UWI University Southern Mindanao Agricultural Research Centre Philippines UWI University soy leads affect prices SPC Making decisions little information By N Tuivavalagi J Lin R Description risk SPC lab but died Collecting germplasm In Pacific region dynamics described chapter SPC Suva another recommendation lift ban was SPC USP should assist Pacific Island countries collection storage accurate useful SPC We analysed their replies Many colleagues favoured extending questionnaire additional questions but we did special characteristics inflorescence belonging Maitum tall cultivar To receive new cultivar name accession collected must really special traits distinguish it specialists scientific fields required implementation sequential risk analysis Interaction other experts involved CIDP project was necessary strengthen scientific accuracy risk analysis We initiated contact experts charge other CIDP components Most them agreed contribute manual voluntarily we thank them specialized staff quarantine requirements conditions requirements apply most requests germplasm include SMTA two international collections under International Treaty formal approval process specialized staff quarantine requirements conditions requirements apply most requests germplasm include SMTA two international collections under International Treaty formal approval process specialty chocolate However Criollohighly susceptible pest species species species wild relatives number wild relativesnot expected increase significantly long they remain excluded species wild relatives number wild relativesnot expected increase significantly long they remain excluded specific agricultural actions When farmerasked why they doing they often reply they specific agronomic quality specific agronomic quality specific domains contexts Thisan official accord between parties distinctly establishes which type databeing shared obligations involved permissions required how specific genotype more links specific genotype more links specific locations low coral islands without sweet water available soil distribution access rights water must unanimously recognized specific objectives looking parts components global diversity cacao Many previous collecting expeditions especially those prior s specific objectives looking parts components global diversity coconut Many previous collecting expeditions especially those prior s specific one off research activities specific one off research activities specific partners while others might interested contributing securing forever CNCC through contributions endowment fund Revisiting concept Global Networked collection COGENT specific partners while others might interested contributing securing forever GSCC through contributions endowment fund Its short term action will specific pest specific pest specifically designed allow end users breeders specifically designed allow end users breeders specifically included study However cost introducing accessions specifically included study However cost introducing accessions specified if distant locationwithin specified if distant locationwithin speeded speeded spend more than USD per palm planted alive end campaign References Singh Peterson L & Iranacolaivalu M Barriers market subsistence farmers Fiji spend quite long time fields another factory producing cream cost Fairtrade certification was Spicata Dwarfs Papua new Guinea Spice gardenmodel used Sri Lankan ecotourism ©Photo text U Salum Plate December farmers Maluku Indonesia finally taking their grievances governsplitting accessions tool improve germplasm management efficiency IPGRI Technical Bulletin No International Plant splitting accessions tool improve germplasm management efficiency IPGRI Technical Bulletin No International Plant spontaneous spontaneous Amazon spontaneous cacao Amazon spoon was found effective controlling mite Sri Lanka spraying emulsion crown affected palms spoons aqueous sulphur g table spread along ground Aerial distributionalso used dispense poisons large hard reach areas Rodenticides should used caution Poisoning non target species
occur Rats spread it during distribution seedlings Mitigation adaptation When installing nursery soil spread Moniliophthora pod rot frosty pod rot within Central America movement pod borer
Papua New Guinea spread Moniliophthora pod rot frosty pod rot within Central America movement cocoa spread more widely South America early th century However since therelittle difference between cultivated wild cacao terms their agronomic traits varieties directly adopted farmers spread pest spread pest spread rapidly absence natural predators which normally co evolve natural habitats Insect other vectors often responsible transmitting pathogens spread to older biotype Oryctes rhinoceros Pacific CRB S spreading pest spreading pest spreadsheets still relying paper records Even when collections using database information management actual systems can spreadsheets still relying paper records Even when collections using database information management actual systems can sprout before it reaches middle node Cuttings can dipped water mixed ascorbic acid mg per litre avoid Sri Lanka instance production Sri Lanka itevident pheromone traps alone will Sri Lanka Tall Ambakelle SLT coconut water selected population Sri Lanka Tall SLT Maitum Tall Spicata designates some individual palms Sri Lankan Green Dwarf Actions undertake Variation among varieties response mite damage needs further studied Perianth smaller fruits less stakeholders stakeholders CacaoNet brings together national international players both public stakeholders COGENT stakeholders Financial in kind support stakeholders Financial in kind support stakeholders www cacaonet org Bioversity stand erect removing triangular portion metal few holes bottom bucket standard descriptors used CacaoNet website www cacaonet org will standard descriptors used COGENT standard descriptors used Strengthening distribution mechanism safe movement germplasm accessions within CNCC should prioritized distribution other international regional standard descriptors used Strengthening distribution mechanism safe movement germplasm accessions within GSCC should prioritized distribution other international regional standard fare tourism offers Many tourists no longer satisfied golden exotic beaches bordered anonymous palms standard inexpensive micro expeller water young green coconutsoften consumed straight standardized
access format Create share maintain databases traditional varieties conserved situ farmers produce catalogues traditional varieties following template created catalogue conserved germplasm Farmersperception key determinant their actions Thus communication farmerscrucial Farmers can pay more attention conservation their traditional varieties act themselves individual standardized travel offers Many tourists no longer satisfied exotic golden beaches fringed anonymous palms standards allowing product differentiation consumer markets often required industry companies juicy niche markets Each certifying body must get annual organic accreditation standards certification Actions undertake Companies should ensure they obtain most to date information current international regulations Access relevant information should facilitated dedicated governstandards protection their supply chain HACCP Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points coconut water written food safety system uses preventative approach controls biological physical chemical hazards food production standards spurred U S FDAs Food Safety Modernization Act FSMA signed
law FSMA requires supplier verification food safety certification traceability food imports U S coconut water full study products wouldoutside framework risk manual Our analysis focuses four products which we estimate regulations will start produce average fruit production start produce drink food they returned set island Farmers should manage plantations so start produce four six years start produce it will started started apply advanced intensive cultivation methods Dwarf Hybrids cultivars instance Brazilian farmers often use irrigation fertigation high level mineral fertilization kg/palm/year together leguminous cover started improve hybrids Côte dIvoire Vanuatu No Seednuts can exported state mind addition its nutritious value practical new approach
achieve optimal health status promoting state well stated mandate disseminate material national but also international level stated mandate disseminate material national but also international level statistics html ICCO World Cocoa status palms Steering Commitee Meetings annex Steering Commitee Meetings Location SC meeting CIV PNG VNM IND TZA THA MEX MYS IND PHI IND LKA Africa Indian Ocean CIV CIV CIV CIV CIV CIV CIV CIV CIV CIV CIV CIV CIV CIV TZA TZA TZA TZA TZA TZA TZA TZA TZA* TZA KEN Latin America Caribbean JAM JAM CUB CUB MEX MEX MEX MEX MEX MEX* MEX MEX BRA BRA BRA BRA BRA BRA BRA BRA BRA BRA BRA South Asia IND IND IND IND IND IND IND IND IND IND IND BGD BGD LKA LKA LKA LKA LKA LKA LKA LKA LKA LKA LKA Southeast East Asia PHI PHI PHI PHI PHI PHI PHI PHI PHI PHI PHI PHI PHI THA* THA IDN IDN IDN IDN IDN IDN IDN IDN IDN South Pacific FJI FJI FJI FJI FJI FJI FJI FJI Vacant VAN VAN PNG PNG Vacant Vacant WSM PNG PNG PNG PNG PNG PNG * Absent Member red bold chairman green bold vice chairman Country code ISO Bangladesh BGD Brazil BRA Cote dIvoire CIV Cuba CUB Fiji Steering Committee Steering Committee decided establish multi site International Genebank ICG ICG today comprises five regional genebanks hosted Indonesia Southeast East Asia Papua New Guinea South Pacific India South Asia Middle East Côte d'Ivoire Africa Indian Ocean AIO Brazil Latin America Caribbean These five countries Steering Committee Estimated budget proposed budget resources mobilization activitiesincluded Section Strengthening networking partnerships global collaboration budget allocated COGENT Steering Committee held Steering Committee Meeting Hyatt Hotel Port Spain Trinidad March Cheesman E Notes nomenclature classification possible relationships populations Tropical Agriculture CGIAR/SRGP decision support tool developed part project Collective Action Rehabilitation Global public Steering Committee SC representatives growing countries COGENT Steering Committee took decision release Steering Committee will steering committee working groups meet coordination network COGENT stems store it confined spaces still local still valid even if climate plant health risk relate much more production stolen workers stop case isolated islands boats continue come regularly these islands collect products bring fuel medicines other indispensable products Also stop eating something else Mitigation adaptation Understanding past Before European imperial powers did stopped production storage farm leveltoo long inadequate conditions impact qualitygetting more more important bigger consequences price income It
real difficulty reach quality required export standards some cases during high harvest season long line queueing occurs processing factories Coconuts can stuck beside factory days which can make coconuts rot Storage frozen pollen samples
offer additional way conserve cacao though parent clones Storage frozen pollen samples
offer additional way conserve though parent clones storage Personal observation Dr R indicated sugar stored paper records stored paper records strategies can implemented ensure stream levels could much higher than previously experienced Coastal flooding streams flood They shouldn't wondering what strengthen communities WCF promotes sustainable strengthen interactions between farmers national services charge extension research locate germplasm assess its diversity facilitate collecting process help farmers preserve disappearing traditional varieties boost global communication value chain Pacific region On farm conservation strategies
target some specific farmers Strengthening networking partnerships global collaboration global system conservation use Strengthening networking partnerships global collaboration global system conservation use cacao stresses everyday life image which does strict rules plus theredifficulty smallholders access applicable information forms Infrastructurea big constraint transportation coconuts Countries Pacific consist islands Many them often small remote strictly repetitive term production strips encircle whole fruit commonly referred ring spot strong case additional international scientist manage their extensive highly diverse collection forage range plants While was outside terms reference study strong case additional international scientist manage their extensive highly diverse collection forage range plants While was outside terms reference study strong commercial founding membership sitting processing strong consequencies regarding appropriate methods collecting conserving germplasm discussed chapter strong consequencies regarding appropriate methods collecting germplasm classical approach which consists selecting palms strong constraints linked its biology palmalso one most challenging difficult species conducting research conservation use strong health issues Occurrence severity Pacific Islands Countries Territories PICTs strong positive effects COGENT stronger exposure marketsinstabilities possible tensions within communities if one farmer begins sell lot international markets Another major focus areaassessing risks strongly declined Why dont you conserve these anymore farmer replied Thereno stories now written your bookKnowledge must accessible alla belief will strongly held views best way forward We believe although time consuming international debate strongly held views best way forward We believe although time consuming international debate strongly increased Brazil India Drip irrigationan efficient method providing strongly reduce yields during least one year They can introduce strongly suspected vectors phytoplasma One most important widespread planthopper Zophiuma pupillata see Plate which breeds palms studied terms situ on farm conservation latterinfluenced complex social political biological factors Therea threat continuity habitat Theobroma species growing wild As described Sections distribution diversity these resourcesnot well understood collections hence limited coconut water greater effort understand strategically conserve resource siturequired For reason collecting characterizing new studied terms situ on farm conservation latterinfluenced complex social political biological factors Therea threat continuity habitat Theobroma species growing wild As described Sections distribution diversity these resourcesnot well understood collections hence limited coconut water greater effort understand strategically conserve resource siturequired For reason collecting characterizing new studied using tools molecular biology Because they Studies Replanting projects relevant beneficiaries studies indicated international support global coordination research coconutessential make crop more productive beneficial smallholder farmers Coconut producing countries lack both human material resources conduct expensive time consuming research could solve these problems Conservation improvement Studies R b Report Fiji studies show it can much Lack fidelity within collections can result errors studies show it can much Lack fidelity within collections can result errors Studies Skerman P J Tropical Forage Legumes No SKE BS Food Agriculture Organization United Nations FAO Somashekhar B S & Manju S Propagation techniques commercially important medicinal plants Training manual FRLHT Bangalore https //fdocuments net/document/propagation techniques of commercially important medicinal plants html Organic fertilizers studies suggest American origin mite lend evidence previous hypothesis original host mitenot palm adult mitetiny Studies Van Treeck K Role labour Sustainable study conducted study conducted Africa listed possible consequences failure research development projects can also apply inefficient policies It slows down economic growth loss revenue state unemployment creates bad image governstudy conducted Africa
also apply Pacific region study suggests smallholder farmers unable study conducxted Samoa shown small island Nuusafee study investigated keeping quality commercial virgin oil VCO probable cause its quality deterioration Fourteen brands commercial VCO fresh prepared VCO were used results indicated out commercial VCO study showed first hybrids were study would involve planning implementing running DNA fingerprinting interpreting results accessions collected study would involve planning implementing running DNA fingerprinting interpreting results accessions collected sty CIRAD office headquarters Montpellier France meeting gathered ZZ key contributors ZZ reasearchers ZZ stakeholders ZZ representatives donor agencies CGIAR lead version full In October version Draft movies were realeased via internet stakeholders research institutes donor agencies During one month addional comments suggestions were reviewed analysed when appropriate incorporated Strategy Strategy was finalized November In December communication initiatives were launched support promote stragegy associated movies international levels Itexpected continuous review updating Global Strategy will sub regional level Discussions regarding two large experiments subject movie sponsored COGENT subjected long periods low temperature subjective data submitting it one international databases see below though submitting it one international databases see below though subsequent decades Some Dwarf seednuts transferred subsidies given US farmers their governsubsidy system already exists French Polynesia Copra cultivationa core activity remote archipelagos including Tuamotu Gambier It provides livelihoods isolated low income populations absence minimum incometype social assistance subsistence farmers limited educational qualifications Some them cannot read write creates barrier uptake adoption information practices Mitigation adaptation Ministries extension services should make relevant technical information fully available farmers they should ensure maximum number them will substitution role market their properties lauric oils Some economists think prices driven mainly large Asian processors Pacific Island producers suffer succeed provide sufficient sustainaibility global conservation system COGENT successful Inpresently envisioned launch dedicated international experiments regional successful integration network local genebank management systems
CNCC information portalparticularly important dur successful integration network local genebank management systems
GSCC information portalparticularly important dur sufficient ensure its durability One these days it sufficient FOs good governsufficient information publically available accessions allow identification priority materials CNCC sufficient information publically available accessions allow identification priority materials GSCC sufficient trees sufficient trees sufficiently standardized incorporated directly database sugarcane cultivation coconut water
method convince these farmers would establish demonstration plots manage them way itdone Brazil Thailand Sri Lanka see description section devoted cultivation Old irrigated sugarcane plots best place install sugarcane growers suitable direct consumption it
contain contaminants must refined further heating filtering Refined bleached deodorized RBD oilwidely available used cooking commercial food processing cosmetic industrial pharmaceutical purposes Different types oil edible available namely oil suitable most Pacific countries they suitable preparing diversified high quality products demanded consumers that summarised summarised summarised summarised summarised summarised summarising pest summarising pest Summary annual costs CNCC including capital costs USD ANNUAL COSTS based estimates TOTAL ANNUAL COSTS adjustment inflation per year TOTAL GRAND TOTAL table Summary annual costs CNCC including capital costs USD Operation described annex Summary annual costs GSCC including capital costs USD Operation described annex Summary annual costs GSCC including capital costs USD table Summary costs CNCC footnotes detailing Summary costs CNCC footnotes detailing Summary costs CNCC footnotes detailing Summary costs GSCC footnotes detailing Summary costs GSCC footnotes detailing Summary costs GSCC footnotes detailing Summary details annual recurrent costs Annual recurrent activities USD / year table Summary details annual recurrent costs Annual recurrent activities USD / year Development management Global Networked Collection CNCC details Section NOTE Itanticipated figure would reduced over Summary details annual recurrent costs Annual recurrent activities USD / year Development management Global Strategic Cacao Collection GSCC details Section NOTE Itanticipated figure would reduced over Summary details annual recurrent costs table Summary details one off costs Research projects initial developments USD Research project diversity analysis genepool concomitant threats filling gaps conservation details Section years Note work would follow Summary details one off costs Research projects initial developments USD Research project diversity analysis cacao genepool concomitant threats filling gaps conservation details Section years Note work would follow Summary details one off costs table Summary details one off costs table supervised supplier FGV AGRI SERVICES SDN BHD Malaysia bulk online websites supply chain supply chain www cocoa supply high quality cocoa supply Insurance against low prices Special incentives insulated marginal farmers Land landscape cultivation Devote more more suitable land cultivation Subsidies land preparation policy identification reservation most adapted land cultivation Land distribution farmers Comprehensive program support support breeders key users through improved characterization evaluation support population enhancement programmes well distribution improved varieties Strengthen distribution mechanism safe movement germplasm Strengthen networking partnerships global collaboration Outputs expected outputs Global Strategy following Output genepoolconserved situ ex situ support breeders key users through improved characterization evaluation within collections supporting population enhancement programmes Improving documentation sharing information germplasm Strengthening networking partnerships global collaboration Figure main strategic components support breeders key users through improved characterization evaluation within collections supporting population enhancement programmes benefits conserving utilizing support breeders key users through improved characterization evaluation within collections supporting population enhancement programmes prioritytherefore evaluation economically important traits accessions CNCC support breeders key users through improved characterization evaluation support population enhancement programmes well distribution improved varieties Improve documentation cacao germplasm sharing key information most value users Strengthen distribution mechanism safe movement germplasm Strengthen networking partnerships global collaboration Outputs expected outputs Global Strategy following Output cacao genepoolconserved situ ex situ support breeders key users through improved characterization evaluation within collections supporting population enhancement programmes benefits conserving utilizing cacao support breeders key users through improved characterization evaluation within collections supporting population enhancement programmes Improving documentation sharing information germplasm Strengthening networking partnerships global collaboration Figure main strategic components support breeders key users through improved characterization evaluation within collections supporting population enhancement programmes prioritytherefore evaluation economically important traits accessions GSCC support its sustainable support limited budget conducting actions global coordination conservation support organisation regional global workshops based most critical needs national partners capacity building training budgetproposed partners CNCC estimated total Global Strategy costs addition training urgent support threatened collections would provided through emergency fund estimated USD per year COGENT support organisation regional global workshops based most critical needs national partners capacity building training budgetproposed partners GSCC estimated total Global Strategy costs addition training urgent support threatened collections would provided through emergency fund estimated USD per year CacaoNet will Support would provided cacao collection institutes genebanks linking information GSCC information portal estimated USD per genebank least collections cost estimatebased initial cost development CANGIS support cacao collections linking GSCC information portal including CANGIS annual management system development maintenance GSCC information portal includes support towards ICGD TropGene GRIN Global local germplasm management systems some collections GSCC accessions estimated these costs currently Support would provided collection institutes genebanks linking information CNCC information portal estimated USD per genebank least collections cost estimatebased initial cost development CANGIS support collections linking CNCC information portal including CANGIS annual management system development maintenance CNCC information portal includes support towards ICGD TropGene GRIN Global local germplasm management systems some collections CNCC accessions estimated these costs currently supported supported molecular verification genotypes supported molecular verification genotypes supported public supported public supported public supported public supported set short movies Objectives objectives Global Strategy to Improve documentation germplasm sharing key information order strenghen commitment national international level identify collect conserve
utilize amazing diversity supporting over supports strengthens following aspects Long term effective cost efficient conservation important supposed risks sure mothernot also father surface cm depth Under cyclone conditions surface cm treatments percentage palms survey Country Institute Date info No accessions today Accessions acquired since Accessions lost since TOTAL table survey Country Institute Date info No accessions today Accessions acquired since Accessions lost since Benin CRA SB Mar Brazil CEPEC CEPLAC Jun Brazil CEPLAC/SUEPA
Brazil CEPLAC/SUERO
Costa Rica CATIE Feb Côte d'Ivoire CNRA Aug Cuba EIC ECICC Jun Dominican Republic IDIAF Jul Ecuador INIAP Mar France CIRAD Feb French Guiana CIRAD Feb Ghana CRIG Aug Guyana MHOCGA Jul Honduras FHIA Mar India CPCRI Jul Indonesia Bah Lias Mar Indonesia ICCRI Jul Malaysia MCB
Nicaragua UNAN Mar Nigeria CRIN Aug Papua New Guinea CCI Aug Peru CEPICAFE Mar Peru ICT Mar Peru UNAS Feb Peru UNSAAC Mar Thailand CHRC Mar Togo CRAF Aug Trinidad Tobago CRU/UWI
United Kingdom ICQC R Feb United States America USDA Aug Venezuela INIA Feb TOTAL collections survey ex situ survey Question These are Brazil CEPEC CEPLAC Brazil CEPLAC/SUEPA Brazil CEPLAC/SUERO Costa Rica CATIE Côte d'Ivoire CNRA Cuba EIC ECICC Dominican Republic IDIAF Ecuador INIAP Ghana CRIG India CPCRI Indonesia ICCRI Malaysia MCB Nigeria CRIN Peru ICT Peru UNAS Togo CRAF following institutes carry out breeding activities occasionally Indonesia Bah Lias Papua New Guinea CCI Thailand CHRC USA USDA/ARS Miami Peru INIA genebanks disseminate materials farmers occasionally cases regularly fewer cases Uptake genes survey revealed collections survey revealed collections survey was done LinkedIn free using dedicated groups Facebook for five day duration budget Euros Facebook targeted audience was people living coconut producing countries surveys Country Institute Date info Foundation Year collection No accessions today collections Total table surveys Country Institute Date info Foundation Year collection No accessions today Benin CRA SB March Brazil CEPEC CEPLAC June Brazil CEPLAC/SUEPA
Brazil CEPLAC/SUERO
Brazil ICA July Colombia CORPOICA La Selva FAO VIEWS Costa Rica CATIE February Côte d'Ivoire CNRA August Cuba EIC ECICC June Dominican Republic IDIAF July Ecuador INIAP March Fiji surveys Draft sections were reviewed key contributors coconut water first draft Global Strategy was developed during period January June coconut water CacaoNet consultation meeting was held Reading UK July second draft Strategy was reviewed contributors wider group stakeholders Strategy was finalized July Itexpected continuous review updating Global Strategy will surveys Mandate funding institutes ex situ surveys Mandate funding institutes ex situ surveys robust
use local management system would also direct benefit local staff Collection curators
encouraged adopt same standardized system surveys table surveys were conducted during period survive drying and/or storage low temperature Cacao germplasm can conserved two ways ex situ survive drying and/or storage low temperature germplasm can conserved two ways ex situ survive New diseases survive Nowadays societies quickly evolving standardizing Urbanized citizens survived survived dur survived periods neglect remain important anchor confirming identity clones ICG T replacing material which survived witchesbroom disease WBD infection which caused heavy losses Refractario types can found genebanks Trinidad Tobago Costa Rica representing interesting source susceptible frosty pod least improved varieties susceptible LYLD but none completely resistant Varieties
tolerate diseases different depending upon which phytoplasmainvolved Informationnot yet available susceptible mite damage more roundish shape they show differences plant volatiles epicuticular waxes These volatiles waxes either absent sustainability cocoa sustainability cultivation myriad small growers sustainability home aspx MCB www koko gov my Nestle www nestlecocoa sustainability home aspx Nestlé Nestléa leading chocolate manufacturer major user cocoa Sustainability Mars Inc D Dundee Road Slough Berkshire SL LG United Kingdom Tel + Cell + martin gilmour@effem com Hadley Paul Cocoa Sustainability MARS Incorporated Tel + Mobile + Fax + Email martin gilmour@effem com sustainable sustained because products must transhipped Suva before they could re loaded container ships over sustained copra stabilization fund was drained Despite financial contributions sustained manner while protecting food security encouraging partnerships increase impact research adoption technological innovations COGENT sustained manner while protecting food security encouraging partnerships increase impact research adoption technological innovations CacaoNet encourages international regional national public Suva Copra tradeoften main economic reason ships travel remote islands If copra deal stops islanddead isolation if no other ships come people
forced leave island Copra transportation boats needs special care Closely associated process deterioration directly dur Sweet husktype named there niu mangaro survey was conducted conjunction governSwollen Shoot Virus CSSV Swollen Shoot Virus CSSV Caused small non enveloped bacilliform virus transmitted least species mealy bugs andpresent forest regions West Africa Major damage Swollen Shoot Virus DNA Deoxyribo nucleic acid ECA European Cocoa swollen shoot virus Ghana started s relying Upper Amazon materials introduced sy progress symptoms BCS quite similar those other LYLDs shows system system established system established system include lower yields comparison conventional systems difficulties soil nutrient management certification market barriers educational research needs small holders effective support policy makers In many situations intercropping palms system near future However lack knowledge germplasm information management staff resources well facilities equipment were listed major constraints progressing further Managing international databases modified title AAA Hamelin Ruas More than system near future However lack knowledge germplasm information management staff resources well facilities equipment were listed major constraints progressing further Existing international cacao databases Information morphology evaluation origins locations large number cacao varieties genotypes can found International Cocoa systemic systemic riskdefined risk can affect many people simultaneously dynamic notion completes definition systemic risk Systems Association IFSA Europe Biemans W Managing innovation within networks Routledge Akullo D Maat H & Wals coconut water E institutional diagnostics agricultural innovation public Systems Association IFSA Symposium farming systems attain market access For industry moves toward international certification mainly confined processors they ordinarily closest contact between established first world markets utilize systems Building sustainable systems developed risk analysis value chain June CIRAD launched online survey incentives risks systems developed risk analysis value chain risks systems exist systems exist systems facing uncertainties enhancing systems giving preference importation cheap food often less Systems INGENIC International Workshop Breeding Accra Ghana October INGENIC Ghana Board Available Systems INGENIC International Workshop Cocoa systems methodbased on higher selection rate systems reducing land labour cash requirements cocoa systems reducing land labour cash requirements cultivation Bioversity systems some countries inoperative systems some countries inoperative T cacao species availability full sequence information cacao genome Criollo Matina represented critically important step toward development new molecular tools unlocking T grandiflorum cupuassu T bicolor T angustifolium cultivated T grandiflorumconsidered important fruit crop various Amazonian countries its cultivation t ha Batugal Oliver most production T species availability full sequence information genome Criollo Matina represented critically important step toward development new molecular tools unlocking table table table table table table table table table table table table table table table table table table Tahiti Island but was introduced Tahitian ancestors coming Tahiti Tuamotu Atolls There also new commercial micro organism preparations could useful improve soil properties Study possibility preparing mulch take account developments establishing
take account developments establishing
take approximately three years bear their first fruits commonly known podsremain productive take approximately three years bear their first fruits commonly known podsremain productive take care them More than half donated seeds seedlings will take form either direct link taking user other database take form either direct link taking user other database take incentive given planting take incentive give palms take low take necessary political legal steps take necessary political legal steps take place within framework CacaoNet will take place within framework COGENT take will take will take you approximately minutes feedback received will taken improve quality copra including issue aflatoxin smoke other contaminants was provide affordable efficient copra driers farmers These driers prefabricated designed improve heat efficiency reduce drying time use less taken place taken place taken place regarding technologies distribution pest taken place regarding technologies distribution pest taken place regarding technologies distribution pest taken place regarding technologies distribution pest taken thousands years breed might rapidly disappear taking scionproving important problem estimates misidentification much higher than initially thought Tala USD per coconut Lack labourers young generation move Apia tall if nothingdone next years it will tall palms tall palms Tall varieties than when buying same target gaps CNCC International and/or regional quarantine required Rationalization CNCC will target gaps GSCC International and/or regional quarantine required Rationalization GSCC will taro fields Applying locally sourced fertiliser inputs taught them Taveuni Centre YSI Solomon Islands Yandina OPRI Ghana OPRI CRI Sri Lanka Res Inst IND India CPCRI NCDP Tanzania Dev Prog IPRI Indonesian Palm Research Institute CHRC Thailand Chumphon Hort Res Centre CIB Jamaica Industry Board TON Tonga Ministry Agriculture DOAS Malaysia Depart Agric Sabah VT Vanuatu Saraoutou Res Centre MHP Malaysia MARDI Hilir Perak DGEC Vietnam Dong Go Exp Centre This list includes populations registered database anyway these populations TCC FJI Fiji TCC FJI Fiji TCC FJI Fiji TCC FJI Poigar Budidaya Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Poilanpur Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Poligolo Tall Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Pora Pol Tall Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Pugo Tall Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Pulau Kelapa Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Pungkol Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Puthia Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Rabaul Red Dwarf Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Rahmatpur Tall coconut water Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Rahmatpur Tall B Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Rahmatpur Tall C Sri Lanka Sri Lanka BARI BGD Raja Brown Dwarf Indonesia IDN IDN IDN IDN IDN IDN IPRI IDN Ramgorh Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Ran Thembili Tall Sri Lanka LKA LKA CRI LKA Rangiroa Red Dwarf France IND JAM JAM CIB JAM Rangiroa Tall France CIV CIV CIV CIV JAM MYS SLB VUT VUT CIB JAM Rangiroa Tall Avatoru France France IND IND Rangiroa Tall Tiputa France France IND IND Rangoon Kobbari Tall India IND IND IND IND Rarumis Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Razbari Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Rennell Island Tall Solomon Islands BRA CIV CIV FJI IDN IND JAM JAM LKA MYS MYS PHL PHL PNG SLB THA TZA TZA VUT VUT VUT VUT WSM CHRC THA Reunion Island Tall France France IND IND Reunion Island Tall Coco Fesse France France IND IND Rhaikhali Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Riau Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Rote Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Roti Island Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Roti Island Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Roti Island Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Roti Island Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Roti Island Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Rotuman Tall Fiji tea even though modern families spend more buy their food Crop substitution
also risk teamed German development organization GIZ Philippine governtechnical technical backstopping technical financial supports advocacy lobbying Endogenous FOs coming technical policy political constraints Many countries technique techniques techniques including strategic issue tree fruit protection incentives improve quality diversity therefore price products income farmers traders finally gain more rewarding markets Convince growers other crops profitability growing high value products encourage these growers large companies make demonstration plots using modern elaborate techniques they already use especially nursery beetle control ©R Plate modern nursery Brazil Land tenure systems techniques Meanwhile costs preparing somatic embryos estimated accessions per year then subsequently introduced maintained target accessions cryopreservationestimated USD USD respectively per accession estimated based experience Reading University techniques Meanwhile costs preparing somatic embryos estimated accessions per year then subsequently introduced maintained target accessions cryopreservationestimated USD USD respectively per accession estimated based experience Reading University techniques Traditional agricultural knowledge practices Cover techniques Traditional agricultural knowledge practices Cover technology technology Dietary habits Pacific region Adoption agricultural innovations Consumer interest products annex technology Dietary habits Pacific region Adoption agricultural innovations Consumer interest products ©Cartoonstock com User R _CS forty risks temperature hazards Outside Pacific region breeders Template global survey undertaken between annex Template global survey undertaken between Cacao temporary fad ten years Cook Islands will tender nut drink kernel preparing food husk leaves burned cooking tens hectares palms territorial public territories India respondents Australia Indonesia each Malaysia French Polynesia Papua New Guinea Philippines Tanzania Tonga Vanuatu each one reply each following countries Brazil Benin Côte d'Ivoire England Fiji terroircould test special technique growing coconuts tested clones their performance area affected devastating Megakarya form Black pod disease Phytophthora megakarya West African Research Institute WACRI further developed Hybrid Series I II s s latter involving crosses between Upper Amazon local West African Amelonado tested clones their performance area affected devastating Megakarya form Black pod disease Phytophthora megakarya West African Cocoa tested IITA Cassava Operations No samples Total cost Total average cost Capital cost Periodi city Annua lized costs One off Acquisition One off Characterization One off Safety duplication Cryo preservation In vitro conservation In vitro introduction One off & Field bank Regeneration Seed health testing One off Distribution Information management General management Total IITA Cassava footnotes coconut water recurring cost tested IITA Cassava Operations No samples Total cost Total average cost Capital cost Periodi city Annua lized costs One off Acquisition One off Characterization One off Safety duplication Cryo preservation In vitro conservation In vitro introduction One off & Field bank Regeneration Seed health testing One off Distribution Information management General management Total IITA Cassava footnotes coconut water recurring cost th April Nadi Fiji th century cacao was moved th edition Longman London pp Turnbull CJ Butler DR Cryer NC Zhang D Lanaud C et al Tackling Mislabelling Cocoa th edition Longman London References used Global Strategy but Thai advanced techniques would probably become Thai farmers plantation managed canal system Coconuts contains ml water average but can low ml if appropriate fertilizers Thailand indicate squirrels and/or rats even if destroying some coconuts
help protect against other insect pest than °C few hours Semi lethal temperatures range than Average completion rate populations among than Average completion rate% populations among than CHAR Average completion rate descriptors field characterization in light orange color when completion ratelow less than Cultivar name Population name Country origin Number living palms than drying reduces transportation weight cost preventing microbiological deterioration increasing oil content Traditional methods preparing copra include solar drying smoke drying drying using kilns Coconut oil than four hectares Frison farmers were marginalized Many than four hectares Many than half collectionin safety duplication please indicate main reasons why What activities than inch if using manure In Andaman Islands India traditionally people than its initial value Mitigation adaptation Feed during its first five years it will than mm thickexposed solar radiation Fediol than nuts per palm per year Controlled pollination requires bagging inflorescence bags impermeable pollen permeable air actual techniquevery costly When bagging inflorescence yield falls fruits per year Palms than once month but least once year less than once month but least once year rarely distribute local users percentages decrease distribution germplasm users outside country outside region average number accessions distributed annually varies greatly than once month but least once year rarely distribute local users percentages decrease distribution germplasm users outside country outside region average number accessions distributed annually varies greatly than once year Never Upon request electronic downloads than once year Source Survey Question institutes than once year Source Survey Question institutes than once year To local users To more distant users country To users outside country but within region To users outside region What average number accessions distributed annually Average number accessions To local users To more distant users country To users outside country but within region To users outside region Which accessions distributed than one fifth seeds purchased than one thousand risk production than other varieties than tall ones against Oryctes many Compact Dwarf varieties their hybrids local varieties should tested distributed together local Tall varieties consistent program collecting Compact Dwarf varieties testing them Oryctes resistance should developed than thirty percent their full capacity negatively impacts activities benefits factories Therealso seasonal variation fruit production than trees than yeardamaged repeated attacks destroy growing point kill palm Beetle exit holes can often seen crown base Young oil palms than years ago was already called variety our ancestorsmany villagers Mitigation adaptation that although many palms that changes products quality standards required importing countries that degradation land could exacerbated climate change hazards that diseases nurseries
reduce quality seedlings delivered farmers diseases
transmitted that disruption timing harvest that even traces insects that excessive price fluctuation leads processors users prefer other agricultural products whose supplymore regular makes farmers reluctant invest cultivation because they might encounter financial problems that farmers that farmers extension officers that farmers find it difficult access equitable financial services loans insurance preventing that farmers will that first farmers that if products lack that if traditional agricultural knowledge disappears techniques perfectly adapted local conditions will that increasing frequency extremely hot days unexpected cold periods sea level rise king tides
negatively affect production that investment starts generates negative effects most fragile actorssector that irregularities supply raw materials reduce profitability competitiveness factories force them lower purchase prices producer indirectly penalize whole local industry This risk might also occur impact stock prices global level described risk description n° but whatoutlined below relates that large animals bigger than insects destroy harvest and/or that many farmers that policy that present upturn consumer demand products
that products
contaminated organisms dangerous human health these products
refused during import quality controls that severe that some stakeholders remain convinced their false beliefs e g their farmers varieties that state services private companies NGOs that these diseases invade Pacific region kill many palms that traditional varieties which elders that viral diseases kill many palms their availabilitytoo low waiting lists seednuts improved varieties their bank accounts but case CGIAR system these accounts usually kept international banking centres US Europe their buyers limits their selling power when they their capacity prevention mitigation adaptation risks their collections introduced materials They followed Togo Ghana Guyana Indonesia Bah Lias Out total accessions surveyed clonal accessions selected farms seedling accessions collected their collections introduced materials They followed Togo Ghana Guyana Indonesia Bah Lias Out total accessions surveyed clonal accessions selected farms seedling accessions collected their country However they prompted follow number guidelines order ensure proper standardization international name must their crops Cost certification its maintenance their farms will their genebanks see table their governtheir handling Despite its obvious success field production their livelihood worldwide million WCF website
Cocoa their livelihoods over their livelihoods specific goal Global Strategyto optimize conservation maximize use cacao their local genebank inclusion their breeding trials ranking accessions according users choice characteristics using their local genebank inclusion their breeding trials ranking accessions according users choice characteristics using their own their own food certification standards their own nurseries attempt create globally coordinated breeding programme stated previous version strategy was their own plantation their own plantation their own selection their own farm their own selection their own farm their plantation They
renounce innovation lack means implement it This often leads risky obsession firemodern fanatical way cleanliness grovesto compulsively use matches instead machete their potential cause toxicity Hence pest their professional activity Farmersresponses depend how they perceive risks their programmes raise farmer incomes encourage responsible sustainable Their progress will their use core Treatyits Multilateral System Access Benefit Sharing MLS ABS which ensures continuous availability important their use core Treatyits Multilateral System Access Benefit Sharing MLS ABS which ensures continuous availability important them but even last hypothesis does them provide improved planting material will them provide improved planting material will them specific functions cover them will then extended then guidelines will then guidelines will then leaves should collected DNA analysis assess whether individuals collected then leaves should collected DNA analysis assess whether individuals collected then remain poverty while other countries some farmers get richer richer while cultivating varieties adapted most profitable markets In s Thai growers identified variety water consumption carries special fragrance named it nam hom Thai Governthen they will Theobroma cacao L Agricultural Food Science FAO Second Report State Worlds Plant Theobroma cacao L germplasm cryopreservation vitrification approach PhD Thesis University Theobroma cacao L somatic embryos long term germplasm storage Plant Science Fang J Y Wetten coconut water Adu Gyamfi R Wilkinson M & Rodriguez Lopez C Use secondary somatic embryos promotes Theobroma species respective section according classification proposed Cuatrecasas table Theobroma species respective section according classification proposed Cuatrecasas Sections Theobroma species Common name Section Andropetalum T mammosum Cuatr & León Section Glossopetalum T angustifolium Moçiño & Sessé 'cacao de mico' T canumanense Pires et Fróes T chocoense Cuatr T cirmolinae Cuatr T grandiflorum Will theory farmers can plant non organic seedlings mineral fertilization chemicals Three years later there there there fewer natural predators It there other parts Asia Indian Ocean region Van Hall Bartley Remnants these populations can still found example fine flavoured cocoa there São Tomé Fernando Pó Ghana Nigeria Côte dIvoire Cameroon cacao growing was first recorded shipment plants therea great opportunity market water special Green Dwarf coconut Its waterquite sweet tasty naturally pink colour case marketing could built medicinal properties traditionally associated Therea high risk those farmers will Therea model private players developing large plantation factory producing value added products These private companies
collaborate small farmers training them
cultivation processing methods directly buying their products therea risk planting material used farmers will therea special opportunity linked special Green Dwarf variety pink coloured water which could marketed medicinal would become Fiji therefore therefore therefore coconut water trigger event therefore can occur can create chaos farmer associations therefore develop detailed fund raising strategy will therefore develop detailed fund raising strategy will Therefore many cases risks therelimited area planting more trees theretypically high level labour intensity Mitigation adaptation We presented first vision Western pessimistic stressedHereagain almost same scenario but time another representation we could call Pacific optimistic relaxedsoil enriched volcanic ash rich fertile landavailable large quantities because we still quite few island climatemild watered conducive Just plant it therevery little sugar these also considered quarantine pest these channels either manually these clones still exist would these coconuts these factors occur together But during visit conducted CIDP project Pacific region least one element bad list was observed almost visited countries Mitigation adaptation Observations these farms range these have these hybrids mixture varieties many which these hybrids mixture was called variety our ancestorsCurrent techniques used provide new planting material farmers include farmer nursery seed gardens seedling supply multiplication clones via patch bud top grafting rooted cuttings side grafting via tissue culture described below Farmer nursery Some farmers will These incentives can designed farmers these isolated islands These last ones concern compensations producers relations power domination between stakeholders food market possibility forging direct links between producers consumers In Europe public these natural enemies can introduced these plantations when incentives These projects started period most these records allow breeders researchers make selections
lead farmers receiving improved planting material Local genebank management systems Three COGENT these records allow breeders researchers make selections
lead farmers receiving improved planting material Local genebank management systems Three CacaoNet surveys were conducted during period these seednuts these sources we created mailing list containing these trees these trees these trips will These trunks cut removed Philippines governthese two collections these two collections these uses coconuts play landscaping role including tourist industry reducing coastal erosion windbreaks shade many plant species less these vaccinatedMRD see if progenysensitive they they they they they they barely if deliver living wage they barely if deliver living wage they benefit cocoa they came they can damage roofs vehicles instead plant slow growing Dwarfs they can play international role approximately USD year period table they can play international role approximately USD year period table they can shown cost effective Cryopreservationa technology thatfar enough advanced applied large number genotypes despite some genotype dependency somatic embryogenesis However methodexpensive they can shown cost effective Cryopreservationa technology thatfar enough advanced applied large number genotypes despite some genotype dependency somatic embryogenesis However methodexpensive they cannot considered risks they different markets will they fed killed many palms they givenweakmaxim garbage in garbage outwill they lose their organic certification treatment able destroy pest they
cause illness they missing past more than years ago priests brought full boatloads soil they permanently accessible via Cocoa they practice intercropping they they were placed thick tender kernel third position pest Thisfeasible thisfeasible health testing sanitation table thisfeasible health testing sanitation table thispossible would worthwhile use lyophilized leaf tissue thispossible would worthwhile use lyophilized leaf tissue thisstill needed bringing vitro collections
cryopreservation thisstill needed bringing vitro collections
cryopreservation those those those those those Those those accessions regularly required distribution those accessions regularly required distribution those authorities make policy decisions respective countries Through discussions genebank curators researchers worldwide those authorities make policy decisions respective countries Through discussions genebank curators researchers worldwide those collection managers contacted those collection managers contacted those exported those few those few those germplasm movements more stringent Occurrence severity Thisan extremely important risk those nurseries In smaller island countries extension services lack information adequately disseminate their farmers Papua New Guinea many farmers rural those other phytophagous mites found coconuts those prefer Pueraria Others say once palms those provided ICC possibly collaboration ICC Based information local regulations standards should put place facilitate access international market References R b Report Fiji those require establishment collective struggle system For managing its plantations farmer makes two types decisions strategic decisions tactical decisions strategic decisions concern organization plantation distribution species cultivation systems possibly between plots choice varieties how crops will those threatening Africa America It
BCS phytoplasma was thousands years islanders were diluted mass palms threaten human health for instance if children take threatened lethal yellowing disease which three days they start rot palms three institutes use rooted cuttings propagation method Côte d'Ivoire CNRA Nigeria CRIN CRU/UWI albeit great difficulty Most collections use budded three institutes use rooted cuttings propagation method Côte d'Ivoire CNRA Nigeria CRIN CRU/UWI albeit great difficulty Most collections use budded three pillars sustainable three workers which onean agricultural officer climber/harvester total working timeprobably between one two hours per selected palms through bilateral arrangements real during last years some countries which did Through Cocoa through continued cultivation landraces through continued cultivation landraces through cryopreservation somatic embryos characterizing collection documenting sharing information through cryopreservation somatic embryos characterizing collection documenting sharing information through delivery improved productivity package including supply improved planting material farmers Clonal testing selection clonal propagation via clonal gardens somatic embryogenesis pest through delivery improved varieties through delivery improved varieties only through strong national breeding programmes through higher sustainable through NGOs through strong national breeding programmes through strong national breeding programmes we through strong national breeding programmes we thus availability suitable budwood/seed pods addition increasing risk transferring infected materials thus availability suitable budwood/seed pods addition increasing risk transferring infected materials thus contributing economies cacao producing countries considerable portion diversityin situ farmersfields held genebanks around world including two international collections maintained Cocoa thus contributing economies cacao producing countries see Figure Cacao thus contributing economies producing countries considerable portion diversityin situ farmersfields held genebanks around world including two international collections maintained Research Unit University thus contributing economies producing countries see Figure Coconut thus contributing economy cacao producing countries Great benefits can generated thus contributing economy producing countries Great benefits can generated thus reduced number samples available analysis thus reduced number samples available analysis tiles rodenticide bait blocks They relatively cheap method surveillance populations known areas possible areas concern References Advani R Rodent pest time CNCC should dynamic evolving collection which individuals
added time CNCC should dynamic evolving collection which individuals
added time collections time crop recover time cycles comprising different phases birth growth maturity crisis recover time especially more accessions moved
cryopreservation and/or seed costs cryobanking included one off cost Section Germplasm health issues time especially more accessions moved
cryopreservation and/or seed costs cryobanking included one off cost Section Germplasm health issues time first symptoms CTiVd death can take years first obvious sign yellow spots leaves small thin scarred nuts without central kernel disease progresses leaf flower nut production time GSCC should dynamic evolving collection which individuals
added time GSCC should dynamic evolving collection which individuals
added time implement Enabling collective purchasing expensive technology would well beyond capacity individual members time instance PNG established Copra Marketing Board CMB CMB was time it now feasible verification accessions individual tree level Although common set SSR markers time it now feasible verification accessions individual tree level activitycarried out routine basis CRU/UWI CEPEC/CEPLAC USDA Although common set SSR markers time knowledge becomes available CacaoNet members would responsible composition GSCC well recommending time knowledge becomes available COGENT time most serious pest time pathogens can naturally evolve mechanisms over time reduce germination affect time reduce germination affect time Samoanow trying create new gene bank close old Olomanu site time size composition CNCC refined result proposed time size composition CNCCrevised following diversity analysis study On going efforts conserve much material which will time size composition CNCCrevised following diversity analysis study On going efforts conserve much material which will time size composition GSCC refined result proposed time size composition GSCCrevised following diversity analysis study On going efforts conserve much material which will time size composition GSCCrevised following diversity analysis study On going efforts conserve much material which will time time In order provide exact costing figures detailed comparable costing study CATIE CRU/UWI genebank operations analysis duplication should carried out using tool developed CGIAR well assessment diversity currently time time In order provide exact costing figures detailed comparable costing study CATIE CRU/UWI cacao genebank operations analysis duplication should carried out using tool developed CGIAR well assessment diversity currently time time most time time New technologies time time New technologies cacao time While yield potential adaptation local growing conditions time While yield potential adaptation local growing conditions times Basically rejuvenating accession controlled pollinations implemented over timid circumspect example France tip top internode proceed downwards dormant buds will tissue cultured/cryopreserved sample ensure materialnot lost forever if original tree dies Many tissue cultured/cryopreserved sample ensure materialnot lost forever if original tree dies Many cacao titles reworded editing text December Second full draft version December Integrating last comments checking January Release final version manual February Proofreading layout publication manual October survey presentation links were included new publication website http //replantcoconut blogspot comencourage stakeholders visit website boost its audience We proposed two methods reply directly online via Kobotoolbox to applied Côte dIvoire Africa Ecotourism IslandsFrench Polynesia Samoa
Indonesia UrbanFiji to date information location availability e g quarantine status each widely distributed accessions CNCC See Figure coconut water likely future development CNCC information portal provision germplasm ordering system would allow user select most appropriate germplasm accessions collections accessible public to date information location availability e g quarantine status each widely distributed accessions GSCC See Figure coconut water likely future development GSCC information portal provision germplasm ordering system would allow user select most appropriate germplasm accessions collections accessible public Together ageing palms together co fund programmes mainstream innovations effective farmer support improved production together partners Global Strategy will together respondents raise propositions most cited items price marketing issues tolerance pathogennot likely permanent Plants animals tolerant disease death will tolerant germplasm sources In order prepare MAS fields experimentations tolerant sunlight Coconuts must imported disease tolerant varieties tolerant varieties case BCS although itthought diverse plantations
limit effects disease Research conducted Ghana tolerant varieties presupposes consistent breeding programs set succeeded identify diffuse tolerate waterlogged clayey soils Tonga Dominican Republic Thailand August December Third brainstorming incorporating field visit results online survey Jessie Lin CIDP staff December Seeking volunteer experts interested participating tons copra yearly containing tons oil per hectare per year average Hybrids MRDxRIT instance will too many sourcesavailable It makes it challenging find information you really When found it
remain difficult know if informationtrustworthy too much information too much wrappingwhite husk Some manufacturers too slowly compensate rising sea levels Manage your plantation so too small nuts forgotten plantation too many selected mother palms tools According FAO lack financial accessprimarily dur tools common economic activities specific consequences risks top crown If palms top grafting Clonal plants can produced grafting improved variety onto non selected top grafting Clonal plants can produced grafting improved variety onto non selected top node decay
start top palm Crooked leaf bud retarded growth seedling occurs when young seedling less total accessions Although varies considerably total collectioncryopreserved Workunderway produce robust protocol seed production total collectioncryopreserved Workunderway produce robust protocol seed production total estimated number accessions representation secondary tertiary genepoolsvery small within various collections largest representation these speciesheld CRU/UWI CATIE CIRAD order Therealso important collection T grandiflorum Brazil collections total estimated number accessions representation secondary tertiary genepoolsvery small within various collections largest representation these speciesheld CRU/UWI CATIE CIRAD order Therealso important collection T grandiflorum Brazil collections total fruit weight water properties total propositions Its quite surprising climate risks touch ground Further nut should tourism industry But accomplishing they will tourist centers University Towards Global towns out reach many farmers Without financial loans many smallholders unable toxic than commercial pest trade trade trade com IICA www iica int IITA www iita org INGENIC http //ingenic cas psu edu INIA www inia gov ve IPPC www ippc int IRAD www irad cameroon org ITIS www itis gov ITPGRFA www planttreaty org Kraft www kraftfoodscompany com Mars www mars com/global/brands/coconut sustainability home aspx MCB www koko gov my Nestle www nestlecoconutplan com Trust www croptrust org UESC www uesc br UFLA www ufla br UNAN www unan edu ni UNAS www unas edu pe UNSAAC www unsaac edu pe USAID www usaid gov USDA/ARS www ars usda gov USMARC www usm edu ph WCF www worldcoconutfoundation org WIEWS http //apps fao org/wiews/wiews jsp dsdf CacaoNet Global Network Cacao trade com IICA www iica int IITA www iita org INGENIC http //ingenic cas psu edu INIA www inia gov ve IPPC www ippc int IRAD www irad cameroon org ITIS www itis gov ITPGRFA www planttreaty org Kraft www kraftfoodscompany com Mars www mars com/global/brands/cocoa trade com/CPQP CRA Ltd www cocoa trade com/CPQP CRA Ltd www coconutresearch org uk CRIG www crig org CRIN www crin ng org CRU/UWI www sta uwi edu/cru ECA www eurococonut com FAO www fao org FCC www coconutfederation com FEDECOCONUT www fedecoconut com co FHIA www fhia org hn GPA www fao org/agriculture/crops/core themes/theme/seeds pgr/gpa ICA www ica gov co ICCO www icco org ICCRI www iccri net ICGD www icgd rdg ac uk ICQC R www icgd rdg ac uk/contact_ICQC php ICT www ict peru org IDIAF www idiaf gov trade com/CPQP International Cocoa trade Common Fund finances projects typically trade Common Fund finances projects typically trade Criollomeaning native andcharacterized having lightly pigmented beans trade Cultivation current production trade extensively copra dried meat coconut Within hundred years however demand copra would make it one most extensively traded agricultural goods throughout world Copras rise necessary import within western world was result industrialization war time experiences importance fats oils food feed raw material industry It seems first copra boom was linked least partially fact European people started wash themselves greatest demand oil copra came trade genus Theobroma originated millions years ago South America east Andes Theobromadivided
species which Theobroma cacao most widely known It was Maya Trade Initiative IDH which aims improve sustainability international supply chains IDH launched Cocoa Trade Initiative IICA Inter American Institute Cooperation Agriculture IITA International Institute Tropical Agriculture Nigeria INGENIC International Group Trade Initiative IICA Inter American Institute Cooperation Agriculture IITA International Institute Tropical Agriculture Nigeria INGENIC International Group trade logistics providers banks brokers insurance others FCC activities focused around cocoa Trade NYSE Liffe Cocoa traditional conservation work elders Onoiki motu During survey conducted Moorea Island we interviewed farmer traditional industry price paid farmers was baht per nam hom Euros during high season baht Euros during low production traditional Polynesian varieties survive traditional resource rights capacity limitations frequent droughts inundation sea during storms traditional varieties traditional varieties agro ecosystems traditional varieties agro ecosystems Traditional varieties Certified organic planting material D Agricultural practices farming Traditional varieties Certified organic planting material D Risks traditional varieties Gaps traditional varieties Gaps traditional varieties number urgent threatened areas mainly dur traditional varieties number urgent threatened areas mainly dur traditional variety called Niu utongauvariety belongs rare forms highly threatened known Sweet huskhusk young fruitsweet can chewed like sugar cane Its taste resembles heart Once fruits ripe traditional West African Amelonado mixed hybrid types commonly known trade Forastero training equipment support collection partners CNCC key areas capacity building germplasm collection management germplasm characterisation evaluation information management training equipment support collection partners GSCC key areas capacity building cacao germplasm collection management germplasm characterisation evaluation information management traits CFC/ICCO/Bioversity traits CFC/ICCO/Bioversity traits most outstanding selections black pod resistance transboundary river basins rare Pacific it would useful develop similar participative global approach adapted Pacific region Big Dataexpected transfer other platforms Development communication information platforms Online catalogues ordering system Software applications web development Barcoding software development General management This activity thatdifficult allocate specific activity e g genebank manager's work Operation people management administration planning risk management networking peers People management Staff supervision Mentoring Performance evaluation Planning HR capacity development needs Administration Monitoring/analyzing/planning activities Donor reporting performance indicators Medium long term planning Implementation plans Annual work plans Budgeting Quality assurance Implement risk management strategy Networking Collective action crop specific transfer other platforms Development communication information platforms Online catalogues ordering system General management Activity thatdifficult allocate specific activity category e g genebank manager's work Includes Operation people management administration reporting planning risk management quality assurance networking peers annex transfer other platforms Development communication information platforms Online catalogues ordering system Software applications web development Barcoding software development General management This activity thatdifficult allocate specific activity e g genebank manager's work Operation people management administration planning risk management networking peers People management Staff supervision Mentoring Performance evaluation Planning HR capacity development needs Administration Monitoring/analyzing/planning activities Donor reporting performance indicators Medium long term planning Implementation plans Annual work plans Budgeting Quality assurance Implement risk management strategy Networking Collective action crop specific transfer other platforms Development communication information platforms Online catalogues ordering system General management Activity thatdifficult allocate specific activity category e g genebank manager's work Includes Operation people management administration reporting planning risk management quality assurance networking peers annex transferred internationally must accompanied phytosanitary certificate According genebanks surveyed transferred internationally must accompanied phytosanitary certificate According genebanks surveyed transferred technology institutes transformed translate whole form whether commercial/for profit translation form reserved SPC authorises partial reproduction translation material scientific educational transmitted database Populations number living palms transmitted disappears because globalization Occurrence severity In experts opinion until processes parent palm selection conducted agricultural officers farmers fields most Pacific countries has transmitted diseases Introduction via machinery equipment unrelated agriculture transmitted pest transmitting Foliar Decay disease References R Konan J L & N'Cho Y P Coconut guide traditional improved varieties Editions Diversiflora Montpellier France R P Batugal P J T Oliver M L C George Catalogue Conserved Germplasm pp Serdang Malaysia Bioversity transported sold achieve economic objective farmer makes these strategic decisions based their accumulated experience those relatives available technical information During growing fruiting period farmer reasons tactical decisions based changes accidents opportunities agricultural work progress They can example respond specific drought irrigating respond parasite attacks phytosanitary treatments traps simultaneously same zone treated palms treatment mitigation protocols development invasive pest Treaty Therefore Trust
offer route manage funds designated conservation Funding decisions Trust based priorities identified agreed internationally recognised Networks experts key stakeholders clearly defined global crop strategies Trust developed priorities guiding principles allocation funds set specific criteria met before collection will tree tree tree coconut bunches must tied rope but adds extra cost thisnot farmers' habits In India farmers often store coconuts under their roofs these nuts dry until losing their free water without germinating Tree Crops Program STCP Working Paper Series January Soria VJ latest expeditions Amazon basin Thevenin JM Umaharan R Surujdeo Maharaj S Latchman B Cilas C Butler DR Relationships between black pod witches' broom diseases Theobroma coconut Phytopathology Toxopeus H Botany types populations In Wood GAR Lass RA editors th edition Longman London pp Turnbull CJ Butler DR Cryer NC Zhang D Lanaud C et al Tackling Mislabelling Germplasm Collections INGENIC Newsletter Turnbull CJ Hadley P International Germplasm Database ICGD Online Database CRA Ltd /NYSE Liffe/University Tree Crops Program STCP Working Paper Series January Soria VJ latest cocoa Tree Crops Programme based IITA Ghana TF Task Force Trust Global Crop Diversity Trust Italy UESC Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Brazil UFLA Universidade Federal de Lavras Brazil UNA Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Peru UNAN Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua Laboratorio de Biociencia Managua Nicaragua UNAS Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva Tingo María Peru UNSAAC Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cuzco Cuzco Peru USAID United States Agency International Development USDA United States Department Agriculture USA USMARC University Tree Crops Programme based IITA Ghana TF Task Force Trust Global Crop Diversity Trust Italy UESC Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Brazil UFLA Universidade Federal de Lavras Brazil UNA Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Peru UNAN Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua Laboratorio de Biociencia Managua Nicaragua UNAS Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva Tingo María Peru UNSAAC Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cuzco Cuzco Peru USAID United States Agency International Development USDA United States Department Agriculture USA USMARC University tree propagation techniques particular Company tree SCA M F tree trauma KiraKira Solomon Islands retrospective clinical audit Archives public trees trees trees trees trees trees trees trees trees trees trees trees trendto promote local Tall varieties But many cases trendto promote local Tall varietiesBut many cases whatcalled local varietyfarmers agricultural officersno longer variety but uncontrolled mixture various traditional varieties Trial ICT accessions Eskes Efron held international collections CRU/UWI CATIE CANGIS already includes link ICGD taking user directly page evaluation Trial ICT accessions Eskes Efron held international collections CRU/UWI CATIE CANGIS already includes link ICGD taking user directly page evaluation Trial ICT Instituto de Cultivos Tropicales Tarapoto Peru IDIAF Instituto Dominicano de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales Domenican Republic IDH Dutch GovernTrial ICT Instituto de Cultivos Tropicales Tarapoto Peru IDIAF Instituto Dominicano de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales Domenican Republic IDH Dutch Governtrials Almirante farm Brazil trials Almirante farm Brazil trigger promotion cover triggers disasters Itonly when things go wrong Trinidad British missionary Bartley Later on particularly during colonial period different types cacao were introduced Trinidad collection Insects Mirids Cocoa Trinidad collection usually crossed local selections and/or Trinitario selection create bi parental crosses hybrids retain traditional quality improved yield local adaptation tolerance existing pest Trinidad reached Ecuador Trinitario but also partly derived Trinitario but also partly derived Trinitario cultivated mainly Central South America Caribbean Asia believed natural hybrid Criollo Forastero Trinitario derives its aroma Trinitario making bulk materials utilized farmers Later crosses between Upper Amazon parents higher tolerance CSSV became predominant Ghana Nigeria around bi parental were released were specifically selected establishment ability Trinitario making bulk materials utilized farmers Later crosses between Upper Amazon parents higher tolerance CSSV became predominant Ghana Nigeria around bi parental were released were specifically selected establishment ability TropGENE TropGENE TropGENE germplasm providers involved value chain with newly developed GRIN Global Users will Tropical Agricultural Series th edition Longman Scientific Technical John Wiles & Sons Inc London England New York USA Young AM chocolate tree natural history cacao Smithsonian Nature Books Washington DC USA Zhang DP Boccara M Motilal L Mischke S Johnson ES Butler DR Bailey B Meinhardt LW Molecular characterization earliest cacao Theobroma cacao L collection tropical crops majority tropical crops majority trusted sources Much information available website
helpful agricultural purposes Plate Estimated Annual Average Loss Dur try make decisions think instead farmers When well informed farmers perfectly able make good decisions themselves Extension services when facing agricultural risk tsunami waters Cyclones similar events
cause sharp drops production Tuamotu Australes archipelagos many farmers think beetle was introduced their island because release seedlings turn competing products whose supplymore regular consequencethat real demand oscillates around low level These oscillations perceived turn risk farmers turn support broader social development
environmental protection Mars supports work many partners including Bioversity Tuvalu part motu most affected tides wind They help fight against marine erosion Cyclones tropical storms tsunamis two big mistakes year People two big mistakes year Peter F Drucker most elaborate hypothesis cannot prevail over two countries two different 'biotypes' Pacific known CRB S biotype susceptible known virus isolates CRB G Guambiotype tolerant virus infection two distinct concepts two five hectares ICCO July According World Cocoa two five hectares ICCO July According World Foundation WCF number farmers worldwide million number people two hectares two international collections two international collections CATIE CRU/UWI two international collections CATIE CRU/UWI two international collections CATIE CRU/UWI which two international collections CATIE CRU/UWI which two international collections CRU/UWI CATIE These collections provide opportunity screen resistance local pest two international collections CRU/UWI CATIE These collections provide opportunity screen resistance local pest two international collections managed Cocoa two international collections managed Research Unit University two main consequences coconut water There annual one off costs associated bringing new material
collections b Annual costs will two parts cultivar name abbreviation Specific populations two people one official one alternative representative instead two rows palms two thirds Europes cocoa two trucks sea sand filling seedbed sand thickness two which will two which will two years two years type across whole cacao resource consistent type across whole resource consistent type products each country exports partners they trade UN Comtrade seems most reliable source However it does take some time become familiarized how obtain appropriate information limitationthat type seed offereda Tall type variety certainly resilient but whose yield typeonly required final selection non redundant core collection However clarity dur typeonly required final selection non redundant core collection However clarity dur typically disadvantaged UESC financial support Uganda NJAS Wageningen Journal Life Sciences Consumer interest products Uilson Lopes CEPEC/CEPLAC Bob Lumsden consultant Uilson Lopes CEPEC/CEPLAC Bob Lumsden consultant ultimately threaten unable unavailable beyond their national boundaries However inclusion materials CNCC will unavailable beyond their national boundaries However inclusion materials GSCC will unavailable material e g germplasm has unavailable material e g germplasm has uncertified farmers fields thereno recording whether these producing farmers use organic cultivation unclassified Therea constant introduction new material ICG T either uncultivated Theobroma cacao related species growing forests South Central America accessions held national international genebanks both vitro field genebank collections material breederstrials trees under under deeper planting treatments were affected These results were accordance those reported planting cm deep seems best it registered significant increase boll size number roots putting forth firm anchorage thereby enabling palms under development whilst others will under development whilst others will under direct authority researchers charge their national research programmes Coconut naming systemquite specific because under threat under used mainly because little informationavailable current potential value these resources situation under used mainly because little informationavailable current potential value these resources situation underdevelopment loss foreign aid/grants discourages investment stricter donor regulations loss election financial institutions lose confidence state loss revenue citizens lack capacity substandard infrastructure it slow down citizens' human empowerment loss worker hours pollution armed robbery theft relocation services denial citizens' basic rights loss properties emotional stress citizens accidents deaths imprisonment abandonment homes Mitigation adaptation risknot decision makingitself but wrong negatively impacting decisiontaken dur underground sources Experiences Kiribati tend show saltwater intrusion
happen laterally under soil surface during high tides Mitigation adaptation Coconut palmone most tolerant species protect coastal areas against flooding king tides tsunamis dense root mat coconuts helps hold ground surface layers It can associated Casuarina trees understand use information they really can caused either lack available information inappropriate information format understanding accurate information can lead dissemination incorrect information Some Pacific countries understanding interactions between genome environment itanticipated these techniques will understanding interactions between genome environment itanticipated these techniques will undertaken Bioversity undertaken Bioversity undertaken countries undertaken future new set crosses will undertaken future new set crosses will undertakes research agricultural biodiversity dedicated addressing global issues related food security poverty climate change environmental degradation Bioversity undertakes research agricultural biodiversity dedicated addressing global issues related food security poverty climate change environmental degradation Bioversity unemployment benefits many families copra unequal information
distort market leads market failure instance if lenders consider they unevenly distributed according age groups They mainly affect children under six years age especially age group months In Unfortunately CRB G biotypeapparently resistant strains Oryctes rhinoceros NudiVirus used control Metarhizium majus formerly Metarhizium anisopliae green muscardine fungus unintended impacts biodiversity through attacks non target species same mechanisms Some biocontrol introductions unique accessions accessions known origin unique accessions accessions known origin unique How unique palms Unit Solomon Islands BCCCA Biscuit Cake Chocolate Confectionery Association UK Bioversity Unit SPC Dir * Thailand CHRC March Togo CRAF August Trinidad Tobago CRU/UWI April United Kingdom ICQC R February United States America USDA August ** Vanuatu VARTC SPC Dir * Venezuela INIA February collections Total * Directory Plant Unit which produced million seed pods / andalso used extent Côte d'Ivoire Indonesia ICCRI Dominican Republic Clones via patch bud Unit which produced million seed pods / andalso used extent Côte d'Ivoire Indonesia ICCRI Dominican Republic Clones via patch bud United States European Union East Asian countries However protect their consumers importing countries set specific regulations food items These can often vary United States National Herbarium End MJ Daymond AJ Hadley P editors Technical guidelines safe movement germplasm Revised United States National Herbarium End MJ Daymond AJ Hadley P editors Technical guidelines safe movement cacao germplasm Revised unlimited resource consequence issues related access benefit sharing security material ownership collections subject continuing debate Most national programmes operating under premise Convention Biological Diversity CBD usually without having specific Access Benefit Sharing ABS legislation place situation unlimited resource consequence issues related access benefit sharing security material ownership collections subject continuing debate Most national programmes operating under premise Convention Biological Diversity CBD usually without having specific Access Benefit Sharing ABS legislation place situation unnecessary red tape procedures while protecting small farmers local private enterprises unpleasant use can lead loss interest among consumers over Unpublished phylo unselected varieties e g open pollinated Amazon populations unselected seedlings derived unselected varieties e g open pollinated Amazon populations unselected seedlings derived unsuitable unsure claim Coconut trees until s breeding programmes aimed obtain new bi parental crosses whilstcoconut clone until s breeding programmes aimed obtain new bi parental crosses whilstcoconut clone unwanted pollen mixture Panama Tall Aguadulce PNT phenotypically close typical Panama Tall PNT butintrogressed small proportion genes update updated accordingly CacaoNet should promote development regional quarantine centres complement role securing international movements through ICQC R Currently updated accordingly COGENT updated relevant experts whose inputacknowledged pest updated relevant experts whose inputacknowledged pest updated when information becomes available views opinions expressed here those contributors updated when information becomes available views opinions expressed here those contributors Upper Amazon basin Ecuador Peru which provided much broader Upper Amazon distributed since s their utilization status Upper Amazon distributed since s their utilization status Upper Amazon region s Since then Upper Amazon region s Since then Upper Amazon types through breeding programmes continuing Figure Upper Amazon yet exploited other populations sampled could lead broadening Upper Marañon river basins typest uprooted tilted were % respectively whereas none palms uprooting higher When feasible cut largest green leaves off palms upset ecological balance Climate change
also conducive establishment pest urban migration urban unemployment aging farming URL http //cropgenebank sgrp cgiar org/index php option=com_content&view=article&id= &Itemid= &lang= english Cryer NC Zhang D Lanaud C Montamayor JC Wilkinson MJ Hadley P Towards construction global strategic base collection Theobroma L based use microsatellite markers Oral presentation
Dias LAS editor URL http //cropgenebank sgrp cgiar org/index php option=com_content&view=article&id= &Itemid= &lang= english Cryer NC Zhang D Lanaud C Montamayor JC Wilkinson MJ Hadley P Towards construction global strategic base collection Theobroma cacao L based use microsatellite markers Oral presentation
Dias LAS editor URL http //ecoport org Efombagn IBM Motamayor JC Sounigo O Eskes AB Nyasse S Cilas C Schnell R Manzanares Dauleux MJ Kolesnikova Allen M URL http //ecoport org Efombagn IBM Motamayor JC Sounigo O Eskes AB Nyasse S Cilas C Schnell R Manzanares Dauleux MJ Kolesnikova Allen M URL http //ingenic cas psu edu/proceedings htm Brown AHD Core Collections Practical Approach URL http //ingenic cas psu edu/proceedings htm Brown AHD Core Collections Practical Approach URL http //www Bioversity URL http //www Bioversity URL http //www cacaonet org/images/stories/document/Expert consultation draft report final doc Engels JMM Generating benefits conserving distributing cacao URL http //www cgiarfund org/cgiarfund/sites/cgiarfund org/files/Documents/PDF/fc _funding_proposal_CGIAR_ Genebanks pdf Cuatrecasas J its allies taxonomic revision genus Theobroma Contributions URL http //www cgiarfund org/cgiarfund/sites/cgiarfund org/files/Documents/PDF/fc _funding_proposal_CGIAR_ Genebanks pdf Cuatrecasas J Cacao its allies taxonomic revision genus Theobroma Contributions URL http //www COGENT URL http //www fao org/AG/cgrfa/itpgr htm FAO/IPGRI Genebank Standards FAO Rome Italy IPGRI Rome Italy pp Available fro URL http //www Bioversity URL http //www fao org/AG/cgrfa/itpgr htm FAO/IPGRI Genebank Standards FAO Rome Italy IPGRI Rome Italy pp Available fro URL http //www Bioversity URL http //www icco org/ URL http //www icco org/ URL http //www icgd reading ac uk Turnbull CJ Rouard M Ruas M Argout X End MJ Roux N Arnaud E Johnson V Hadley P Engels JMM Information Management System COGENT URL http //www icgd reading ac uk Turnbull CJ Rouard M Ruas M Argout X End MJ Roux N Arnaud E Johnson V Hadley P Engels JMM Information Management System CacaoNet Poster Presentation th International Cocoa URL http //www sciencedaily com/releases/ / / htm Van Hall CJJ Cacao London Macmillan Co limited UK Van Hall CJJ Cacao nd edition Macmillan London UK van Raamsdonk LWD Wijnker J development new approach establishing core collection using multivariate analyses tulip case URL http //www sciencedaily com/releases/ / / htm Van Hall CJJ Coconut London Macmillan Co limited UK Van Hall CJJ Coconut nd edition Macmillan London UK van Raamsdonk LWD Wijnker J development new approach establishing core collection using multivariate analyses tulip case URL www nature com/reviews/ URL www nature com/reviews/ URL www spc int/lrd/index php option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid= &Itemid= Thomas E van Zonneveld M Loo J Hodgkin T Galluzi G van Etten J Reflections spatial diversity patterns Theobroma L Tropical America Submitted Toxopeus H Kennedy AJ review research Unit Research Programme research Unit Annual Report USDA/ARS Sequencing genome help chocolate industry subsistence farmers September Available URL www spc int/lrd/index php option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid= &Itemid= Thomas E van Zonneveld M Loo J Hodgkin T Galluzi G van Etten J Reflections spatial diversity patterns Theobroma cacao L Tropical America Submitted Toxopeus H Kennedy AJ review Cocoa US cents per kilogram lowest of low prices no rural us/icco news/
quarterly bulletin of cocoa us/icco news/
quarterly bulletin of coconut statistics html ICCO World Economy Past Present EX/ / July ICCO Executive Committee nd meeting Bloomsbury House London September Li Z Traore coconut water Maximova S Guiltinan Somatic embryogenesis plant regeneration USA USA USA There USA There USAID/USDA/Mars funded project Since CRU/UWI USD annual budget meetings CacaoNet Working Groups stakeholders consultations USD annual budget CacaoNet coordination Steering Committee functions CacaoNet consultation meeting July Reading UK K Lamin MCB Summary budget requirements global strategy implementation Funding conservation use cacao USD annual budget meetings COGENT USD annual fee USD its grower group factory USD per seedlings low multiplication rate producing USDA estimated accessions CIRAD French Guyana Montpellier accessions current total public USDA estimated accessions CIRAD French Guyana Montpellier accessions current total public USDA TARS collection Mayaguez indicated accession information was directly maintained widely accessible online database GRIN surveys did USDA TARS collection Mayaguez indicated accession information was directly maintained widely accessible online database GRIN surveys did USDA/ARS project collaborate partners use use appropriate statistical tools Drought tolerance establishment ability use appropriate statistical tools Drought tolerance establishment ability cacao use broad use broad use broad use broad use cacao use coconuts during droughts non conventional water resources involving higher level technologyinclude use seawater use cover use dur use efficiency use Global Strategy use Global Strategy use it Governuse it main contribution Pacific Islanders farming use it mainly plant around their sugarcane fields Those farmers presently use coconuts use nuts Use Plant use plant Use Plant use plant use priorities actions agreed Global Strategy identify sources funding discuss potential donors best mutually beneficial investments use priorities actions agreed Global Strategy identify sources funding discuss potential donors best mutually beneficial invest ments use priorities set out herein guide their activities investment decisions COGENT use priorities set out herein guide their activities investment decisions CacaoNet would like thank those organizations individuals use public use public used against mite mites dispersed
new areas mainly through wind currents possibly infested fruits However possibility initiation new infestations through dispersing insects used analyze spatial distribution different cacao populations Gap analysis should applied map actual distribution agro climatic preferences potential distribution cacao degree variability expected found new collecting areasanother important consideration Information allelic diversity wild cacao populations will used analyze spatial distribution different populations Gap analysis should applied map actual distribution agro climatic preferences potential distribution coconut degree variability expected found new collecting areasanother important consideration Information allelic diversity wild populations will used collections current time but they becoming less used copra but used drinking food oil Apart used cryopreserve frequently requested clones University used enhance security crop germplasm collections offers also complementary way conserve cacao Somatic embryos currently used enhance security germplasm collections offers complementary way conserve coconut Some success cryopreservation isolated immature zygotic embryos was reported Pence Efficiency somatic embryogenesis continues improved used enhance security germplasm collections offers complementary way conserve cacao Some success cryopreservation isolated immature zygotic embryos was reported Pence Efficiency cacao somatic embryogenesis continues improved used estimating cost managing cacao collectionstaken used estimating cost managing collectionstaken used generate seedling populations best seedlings will used generate seedling populations best seedlings will used identify accessions interest coconut water second round selection aimed reducing redundancy will used identify accessions interest coconut water second round selection aimed reducing redundancy will used identify priority accessions Once main part CNCCformed adding new diversity will used identify priority accessions Once main part GSCCformed adding new diversity will used important criterion guide future collecting missions Collecting actions also
directed areas used important criterion guide future collecting missions Collecting actions also
directed areas used manufacture cocoa used monitoring system would link network local genebank management systems providing used monitoring system would link network local genebank management systems providing used mulipurposes activities used ornamental purposes tourist sites hotels use antibiotics agriculturebanned some countries we used other activities reduction area could impact value chain its stakeholders used re propagation distribution plant material characterization evaluation form which used re propagation distribution plant material characterization evaluation form which used Sulawesi farmers second phase CFC/ICCO/Bioversity used Sulawesi farmers second phase CFC/ICCO/Bioversity useful comparison selection homogenized environment date this useful medium sharing useful palms useful prevention accidental introduction new threats Useful web links ACIAR www aciar gov au AVRDC www avrdc org Bioversity Useful web links ACIAR www aciar gov au AVRDC www avrdc org Bioversity Useful web links List table Useful web links List table using advanced non organic cultivation methods Another company planted hybrid palms using bad using insecticide/soap solution beetles cannot escape trap using methods using some Tahitian varieties Brazil Citizens would like taste fruits maybe collect some seednuts plant their gardens uwa Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Wellawa Sri Lanka LKA LKA CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Wellawaya B Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Wellawaya G Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Wilhelmina Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Yakkala Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Yatawatta Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Yodakandiya Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Tall Zoysawatta Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Yellow Dwarf Sri Lanka IND IND IND JAM JAM LKA LKA VNM CIB JAM Sri Lanka Yellow Dwarf Kundasale Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Lanka Yellow Dwarf Murusi Sri Lanka Sri Lanka CRI LKA Sri Tanjung Dwarf Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Standard Kudat Tall Indonesia IND IND IND IND Sulawesi Tall Kramat Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Sulawesi Tall Lansio Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Sulawesi Tall Lolak Sri Lanka Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Surinam Brown Dwarf Suriname Suriname IND IND Surinam Tall Suriname IND IND IND IND Swarupkathi Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Ta Tall Ben Luc Viet Nam Viet Nam DGEC VNM Ta Tall Cat Trinh Viet Nam Viet Nam DGEC VNM Ta Tall Giong Lon Viet Nam Viet Nam DGEC VNM Ta Tall Giong Trom Viet Nam Viet Nam DGEC VNM Ta Tall Ham Tien Viet Nam Viet Nam DGEC VNM Ta Tall Phu Huu Viet Nam Viet Nam DGEC VNM Ta Tall Tam Dong Nai Viet Nam Viet Nam DGEC VNM Ta Tall Tam Vung Tau Viet Nam Viet Nam DGEC VNM Ta Tall Tam Vung Tau Viet Nam Viet Nam DGEC VNM Ta Tall Tam Quan Nam Viet Nam Viet Nam DGEC VNM Ta Tall Tan Thoi Viet Nam Viet Nam DGEC VNM Tacunan Green Dwarf Philippines CIV GHA LKA MYS PHL PHL PHL PHL TZA VUT VUT DOAS MYS Tagnanan Tall Philippines CIV CIV CIV GHA LKA MYS MYS MYS PHL PHL TZA VUT VUT VUT DOAS MYS Tahitian Red Dwarf France CIV CIV SMD CIV Tahitian Tall France BRA CIV CIV CIV CIV IDN IND JAM LKA MYS PHL PHL TZA CIB JAM Takome Tall Indonesia CIV CIV IDN IDN IDN IPRI IDN Talasea Red Tall Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Talisay Green Dwarf Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Talise Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Tam Quan Yellow Dwarf Viet Nam Viet Nam DGEC VNM Tampakan Tall Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL T'boli Tall Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Tebing Tinggi Green Dwarf Indonesia IDN IDN IDN IDN IPRI IDN Tebu Sweet HuskTall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Tekulai Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Tenga Tall Indonesia CIV CIV IDN IDN IDN IDN IDN IDN LKA CRI LKA Ternate Brown Dwarf Indonesia CIV CIV SMD CIV Thailand Brown Dwarf Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Green Dwarf Thailand CIV CIV VUT VUT VT VUT Thailand Orange Dwarf Chumphon Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Orange Dwarf Prachuap Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Thailand Thailand NCDP TZA Thailand Tall Bang Laung Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Edible Husk Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Jehae Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Kalok Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Kanchanadit Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Khlong Ging Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Klog Yao Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Ko Samui Thailand CIV CIV THA CHRC THA Thailand Tall Kuan Don Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Laem Ngop Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Laem Talumpuk Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Makham Khu Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Maphrao Klang Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Maphrao Yai Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Na Toey Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Nakhon si Tham Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Nam Sung Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Namon Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Nong Song Hong Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Pa Ngew Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Pak Nam Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Pattani Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Sawi Thailand CIV CIV CIV THA CHRC THA Thailand Tall Sawi Yellow Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Spicata Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Taidaeng Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Tap Sakae Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Thong Badan Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Wang Chang Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Tall Wang Yao Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thailand Yellow Dwarf Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thalai Roi Tall Thailand Thailand CHRC THA Thung Kled Green Dwarf Thailand THA THA CHRC THA Tigbaon Tall Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Tinambacan Tall Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Tiptur Tall India IND IND IND IND Togawa Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Tonga Tall Tonga BRA CIV CIV JAM TON VUT VUT CIB JAM Tonga Tall Alaki Tonga Tonga IND IND Tonga Tall Kalanga Tonga Tonga IND IND Tonga Tall Matakula Tonga Tonga TON TON Tonga Tall Utongau Tonga Tonga TON TON Tonga Tall Veitongo Tonga Tonga IND IND Tonga Tall Taokave Taokave Tonga Tonga TON TON Tontalete Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Trenggalek Dwarf Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Trenggalek Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Tulung Agung Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Tupi Green Dwarf Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Upi Tall Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Uzipur Tall Bangladesh Bangladesh BARI BGD Vailala Tall Keakea Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Vailala Tall Miha Kavava Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Vanikoro Tall Solomon Islands Solomon Islands YSI SLB Vanuatu Red Dwarf Vanuatu VUT VUT VUT VT VUT Vanuatu Tall Vanuatu BRA CIV CIV GHA GHA JAM LKA PHL PHL TZA TZA CIB JAM Vanuatu Tall Avunarara Vanuatu Vanuatu VT VUT Vanuatu Tall Banks Vanuatu Vanuatu VT VUT Vanuatu Tall Bay Barrier Vanuatu Vanuatu VT VUT Vanuatu Tall Bethel Vanuatu Vanuatu VT VUT Vanuatu Tall Brenwe Vanuatu Vanuatu VT VUT Vanuatu Tall Bulldoz Vanuatu Vanuatu VT VUT Vanuatu Tall Leroux Vanuatu Vanuatu VT VUT Vanuatu Tall Napueiamasan Vanuatu Vanuatu VT VUT Vanuatu Tall Nipeka Vanuatu Vanuatu VT VUT Vanuatu Tall Pélé Vanuatu Vanuatu VT VUT Vanuatu Tall Port Olry Vanuatu Vanuatu VT VUT Vanuatu Tall Sanesup Vanuatu Vanuatu VT VUT Vanuatu Tall Surunda Vanuatu Vanuatu VT VUT Vanuatu Tall Tanna Vanuatu Vanuatu VT VUT Vanuatu Tall Tanna Vanuatu Vanuatu VT VUT Vanuatu Tall Torres Vanuatu Vanuatu VT VUT Vanuatu Tall Ukoro Vanuatu Vanuatu VT VUT Vanuatu Tall Var Vanuatu Vanuatu VT VUT Vanuatu Tall Walarano Vanuatu Vanuatu VT VUT Vanuatu Tall Waluembue Vanuatu Vanuatu VT VUT Venus Tall Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Verikobbari Tall India IND IND IND IND Waingapu Orange Dwarf Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN West African Tall Côte d Ivoire BEN BRA CIV CIV IDN IND IND IND LKA MYS MYS MYS MYS PHL PHL THA TZA TZA VNM CHRC THA West African Tall Bénin Benin Benin OPRI GHA West African Tall Akabo Côte d Ivoire CIV CIV SMD CIV West African Tall Benin Côte d Ivoire Côte d Ivoire SMD CIV West African Tall Madagascar Côte d Ivoire Côte d Ivoire IND IND West African Tall Mensah Côte d Ivoire CIV CIV CIV SMD CIV West African Tall Ouidah Benin CIV CIV CIV VUT VUT VT VUT West Kalimantan Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN West Kalimantan Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN West Kalimantan Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN West New Britain Tall Gaungo Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG West New Britain Tall Naviro Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG West Papua Tall Biak Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN West Papua Tall Manokwari Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN West Papua Tall Merauke Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN West Papua Tall Sarmi Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN West Papua Tall Sorong Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN West Sumatra Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN West Sumatra Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN West Sumatra Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Wulurat Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Wusa Tall Indonesia Indonesia IPRI IDN Wutung Tall Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea SRS PNG Xiem Green Dwarf Viet Nam Viet Nam DGEC VNM Yap Island Tall Micronesia Fed States of Micronesia Fed States of CIB JAM Yunnan Tall China CHN CHN CHIN CHN Zambales Tall Buenavista Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Zambales Tall Ibaba Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL Zambales Tall Quintang Island Philippines Philippines PHL PHL Zamboanga Tall Philippines PHL PHL PHL PHL _ Disclaimer © Pacific Community SPC rights commercial/for profit reproduction v Figures vi COGENT V Johnson R Description key risk validate satisfactory quality coconuts before final sorting packing exportation This post harvesting procedure needs preceded controls involving farmers themselves avoiding immature over validation procedures validation procedures validation procedures validation procedures value chain generate economy both time financial resources It will value chain objective documentto provide framework efficient effective conservation globally important value chain perspective there value chain Risk Risk level Gravity coconut water Climate change hazards Cyclones tropical storms tsunamis Drought Flooding king tides landslides Temperature other climate hazards B Pest value de husked fruits also could reduced some countries losses vary according seasons higher attacks during dry periods Mitigation adaptation If mite infestationreported few palms value number living palms Vanua Levu Suva almost equivalent cost freight New Zealand Vanuatu because cloning technique together molecular tests will Vanuatu because Foliar Decay Disease Lethal Yellowing Disease Côte dIvoire remains quite far Vanuatu Côte dIvoire gene bank West Africa then sent Vanuatu Hybrids Dwarf varieties these seedlings presently produced inorganic way using mineral fertilizers boost parent palm production Vanuatu Itcaused Vanuatu Melanesian Archipelago gave population names many accessions they collected Vanuatu Tall Pélé Vanuatu Tall Nipeka Vanuatu Tall Waluembue Vanuatu Tall Walarano Vanuatu Tall Napueiamasan etc Then researchers will Vanuatu presently variability production variants within cultivar can referred using population name varieties between partners to exchange information disseminate results to establish maintain functional linkages between national breeding programmes international genebanks quarantine centres international research development efforts These examples show farmersknowledge their own planting material can also successfully exploited carry out selection breeding activities participatory manner Multiplication planting materials Current techniques used provide new planting material farmers include farmer nursery seed gardens seedling supply multiplication clones via patch bud top grafting rooted cuttings side grafting via tissue culture described below Farmer nursery Some farmers will varieties directly varieties farmers producing countries relation programme Cocoa varieties farmersfields through participatory approaches to increase sustainability cocoa varieties hybrids themselves varieties including Aromatic Green Dwarf aromatic taste water Brazil Green Dwarf said sweetest variety Vanuatu Tall nothing special Ni Vanuatu people appreciate aroma Thai variety sweetness Brazilian Dwarf but their blind preferencefor Vanuatu tall mild flavour watersomething accepted part marketing focus One qualities waterits relative lack flavour together subtleties its aroma its low calorific content new method based Raman spectroscopy varieties particularly useful small corals atolls no fresh water When elders wanted colonize varieties present agricultural landscape increases chances some will varieties rather than individual accessions collection
include varieties rather than individual accessions collection
include variety variety existing island Upolu Shift other crops variety It faces more commercial difficulties competitors Before varieties disappear therean urgent find collect describe local aromatic varieties existing Pacific region most convenient way find variety Making
use their heritage varieties Samoan farmers small producers virgin oil could increase their incomes improve their livelihoods Actions undertake Promote functional food beverage Improved understanding relationship between nutrition health results development new concept functional foods Those defined food variety named West Coast Tall variety perfectly identified its identity its localization latitude longitude date planting should recorded database available online If Ministry applies advice varietyto organize contest advised risk description n° References Bauer D & Lostie M Aseptic method preparing water improve flavour profiles retain organoleptic properties water U S Patent No
Retrieved various advantages Some naturally enrich soil nitrogen multitude beneficial bacteria fungi They contribute maintenance soil limit its erosion Vegetation cover various cacao growing territories addition significant proportion wild types contrast CEPEC/CEPLACs CIRADs collections various causes various causes proving important problem estimates misidentification much higher than initially thought various cocoa various growing territories addition significant proportion wild types contrast CEPEC/CEPLACs CIRADs collections various origins Sensory evaluation provides important quantitative qualitative various projects collecting missions but same acquisition rate various projects collecting missions but same acquisition rate various public various resistant vector insects known their movement should also tightly controlled Actions undertake In Papua New Guinea search tolerant varieties local international germplasm instance it would useful introduce Sri Lanka Green Dwarf whichtolerant LYLD Ghana vegetable oil between trees vegetable oils Global trade vegetative materials costs latter greater but most frequent thus used estimate recurring acquisition costs Information costs include cost bar coding accessions Evaluation was costed butnot included here One off costs optimization collectionfor cryopreservation accessions health testing accessions CIP Sweetpotato Operations No samples Total cost Total average cost Capital cost Periodi city Annua lized costs One off Acquisition One off Characterization & verification DNA markers nutritional markers One off Safety duplication seed & vitro Long term storage seed Field collection screenhouses Cryopreservation One off & annual In vitro conservation Re introduction
vitro Germination testing Seed regeneration greenhouse Seed processing & health testing Distribution including vitro multiplication Herbarium & verification DNA genebank Information management General management Total CIP Sweetpotato footnotes Acquisition costs include post entry quarantine introduction
vitro Characterization costs include field preparation morphological characterization well molecular characterization Safety duplication includes cost both seed vitro duplication cost cryopreservation was vegetative materials costs latter greater but most frequent thus used estimate recurring acquisition costs Information costs include cost bar coding accessions Evaluation was costed butnot included here One off costs optimization collectionfor cryopreservation accessions health testing accessions CIP Sweetpotato Operations No samples Total cost Total average cost Capital cost Periodi city Annua lized costs One off Acquisition One off Characterization & verification DNA markers nutritional markers One off Safety duplication seed & vitro Long term storage seed Field collection screenhouses Cryopreservation One off & annual In vitro conservation Re introduction
vitro Germination testing Seed regeneration greenhouse Seed processing & health testing Distribution including vitro multiplication Herbarium & verification DNA genebank Information management General management Total CIP Sweetpotato footnotes Acquisition costs include post entry quarantine introduction
vitro Characterization costs include field preparation morphological characterization well molecular characterization Safety duplication includes cost both seed vitro duplication cost cryopreservation was vehicles parked In India different planting depths were tested Venezuela along few others Venezuela along few others Venezuela late nineteenth century Another type resulting Venezuelaknown RefractarioThese were selections made venue COGENT verification Effective verification Effective verification Effective verification Effective vertically very bad smell dur very encouraging example given above sugarcane growers Fiji very few movements objects produced very limited access Genebank curators recognize information management system which could provide institute wide access very limited access Genebank curators recognize information management system which could provide institute wide access very often bear black elongated marks very small fraction diversity was dispersed very sweet water Vetiver grass along contours help hold soil together important strategyto ensure soilalways cover viability testing This periodic activity testing germination rate existing viability testing This periodic activity testing germination rate existing viable patrimonial value gene bank will vice versa c Intermediation between traders their members maximize productsprices d Issues monopolization Internal Control Systems ICs commercial processor putting restrictions farmers within collective seeking maximise revenue videos References R Johnson V Saena Tuia S V Kapé J & Planes S Traditional Conservation areas Varieties Associated Knowledge Polynesian Islands South Pacific Ocean pp S Larrue Biodiversity Societies Pacific Islands France University view cacao including centre diversity main production view cacao its importance globally highlighting public view cannot considered complete since view cannot considered complete since view economic marketing risks view geographical spread pest view geographical spread pest view including centre diversity main production view its importance globally highlighting public view key features biology pest view key features biology pest view market Pacific Island ability industries respond SPC https //lrd spc int/reportspublications/doc_download/ market study Shah S Moroca coconut water & Bhat J coconut water Neo traditional approaches ensuring food security Fiji view new At initial stage following recommendations address major constraints long term conservation use view new Revisiting concept Global Networked Collection Securing existing ex situ view research achievements view risks view value chain First products derived view value chains stakeholders view value chains stakeholders C Vigna marina case association livestock edibility digestibility these plants also considered tropical nitrogen fixing tree Gliricidia sepium can used border farm living fences which vigorous more efficient cacao trees vigorous more efficient trees Vincent BLBL reviewed Brigitte Laliberté DSDS reviewed Dietmar ot somebody else virgin oil Virgin Oil whichclustered under Coconut OilIndexmundi publishes monthly updated prices virus indexing done partner institute Although field genebank establishment rooted cuttings preferred option since it eliminates complications arising virus indexing done partner institute Although field genebank establishment rooted cuttings preferred option since it eliminates complications arising virus indexing done partner institute
because some materials coming virus indexing done partner institute
because some materials coming virus indexing facilities site Côte d'Ivoire CNRA Ghana CRIG Reading ICQC R Indonesia Bah Lias Malaysia MCB USA USDA virus indexing facilities site Côte d'Ivoire CNRA Ghana CRIG Reading ICQC R Indonesia Bah Lias Malaysia MCB USA USDA viruses bacteria vitro vitro vitro collection Current conservation activities include maintaining materials field vitro cryopreservation clonal materials conservation true seed CIP also maintains DNA collection research purposes It should possible rationalize some these activities over vitro collection Current conservation activities include maintaining materials field vitro cryopreservation clonal materials conservation true seed CIP also maintains DNA collection research purposes It should possible rationalize some these activities over vitro culture cryopreservation could used complement field genebanks ensure duplication CNCC providing vitro culture cryopreservation could used complement field genebanks ensure duplication GSCC providing Vitro gene banks should volumes especially oil affects movement prices Some economists think it root cause sharp fluctuations observed These fluctuations perceived risk users processors vulnerabilities resilience context climate change Building resilience adaptation climate change agriculturesector vulnerable volcanic soils subjected increased prolonged rainfall Increased wind forces linked climate change exacerbate coastal erosion increased sea spray Cook Islands islands Wadsworth et al ICGD M = acted maternal parent F = acted paternal parent other information wage increases obtained many workers wait results scientific studies in least years before starting test use these new designs Some farmers want enter international markets Capacity building relating certification preparationneeded national level reduce cost assist small enterprises Those want enter specific niche markets water want export their products especially those Pacific Islands dur want monopolize public's attention want organic seednuts can want plant might use less want start farming warehouses potentially little record their existence Efforts being warehouses potentially little record their existence Efforts being was was was was accidentally introduced
South Pacific early th century then spread become established was conceived mobilize was development Global Strategy Conservation Use was launched Bioversity was officially launched COPAL th International Research Conference San José Costa Rica October COGENT was updated following countries Brazil Côte dIvoire India Indonesia Sri Lanka Malaysia We also received data Washington DC USAID [Online] Available https //commdev org/pdf/userfiles/Corruption% and% the% Agricultural%sector water activated carbon involve private partners Mitigation adaptation If well conducted involvement private companies research replanting value addition could highly profitable partners Pacific region Large private companies water directly root zone minimizing conventional losses water flows easily results less water
constitute health risk consumers dur water monitored periodically water organic VCO countries water virgin oil would result securing stabilizing market copra oil way check it would introduce perfectly healthy Malayan Red Dwarf seednuts these islands If these sensitive dwarfs die it will way For many crop plants germplasm can stored form dried seeds low temperature i e way identify foliar decayby symptoms presence vector insects way mitigate evolution pathogens Italso important note plant defences evolve over way prevent LYLDs way they act prevent these risks way they mitigate them way they impacted uncertain events primary function foodto cover ways minimise these effects Learning & teaching resources awareness training Getting help well resources CPDT technical experts regional agencies NGOs can aid CPDT strongly recommends integrated pest ways mitigate attenuate them linked domestic international markets trends ruptures policies Governremain low penalizing entire industry Coconut palms WCF Edna Luz CEPEC/CEPLAC Richard Markham ACIAR formerly Bioversity WCF Edna Luz CEPEC/CEPLAC Richard Markham ACIAR formerly Bioversity WCF formerly USDA Max Ruas Bioversity WCF formerly USDA Max Ruas Bioversity we We can cite use more productive varieties taking special care young trees we now cacao germplasm conservation use we now cacao germplasm conservation use we now germplasm conservation use Handling moving we resent questionnaire MS Word file attached email was done via Google group July results survey presented annex we secure diversity increase use Based constraints affecting current systems general recommendations we secure diversity increase use Based constraints affecting current systems general recommendations we secure diversity increase use Securing existing ex situ we thank participants meeting many whom became official contributors manual In December CIDP organized another meeting which endeavoured train participants risk mitigation Pacificssector we today R & coconut water Prades Eds Global Strategy Conservation Use we today R & coconut water Prades Eds Global Strategy Conservation Use we today R & coconut water Prades Eds Global Strategy Conservation Use we wrote again these countries get more information before integrating their weaknesses our capacity study predict respond appropriately wealthier farmers web pages hosts Safe Movement publication Send out copies publication CD Reviewing guidelines web service web service website website before end June website including CANGIS particular requesting information website itplanned develop website needs developed portal accessing relevant information become key component establishment management use global collection It will website together draft proposal website will website would also provide users possibility request material on line through germplasm ordering system MTAs COGENT website www COGENT weed species more labour intensive ways When weight obesity dental caries decay type II diabetes more more young people obese they find it more difficult climb palms weight obesity physical activity sugar sweetened beverage consumption adolescents Pacific islands results Weise ISBN © Bioversity Weise ISBN © Bioversity well able well Before buying expensive fertilizers following practices help enhance soil fertility organic farms Planting green manure crops well breeding efforts carried out summarized table well breeding efforts carried out summarized table well defined sequence helps identify disease disease progress well defined set cultivars This kind multifunctional land management strengthens links between people landscape biodiversity It gives special cachet sites generates incomes promotes ecotourism activities Genomics DNA markers new vitro embryo culture somatic embryogenesis cryopreservation new development cryogenebanklimited cost controlled pollination technique current global ex situ well developed information management systems place most collections already aware COGENT well developed information management systems place most collections already aware CacaoNet surveys robust
use local management system would also direct benefit local staff Collection curators
encouraged adopt same standardized system well estimates based size collection expected additional accessions resulting well even started produce One night weather phenomenon occurs well hybrid type between Forastero Trinitario makes over well managed nursery Currently well than those well trained scientific teams Embryo transfer was considered safest technique moving germplasm until team well Trinidad part World Bank project otherwise it not considered acceptable farmersuse criterionbecoming more important selection trait also other countries Other selection criteria
arise near future Wellington New Zealand Goirand Renaud renaud goirand rci@gmail com Cocopack Biotech Côte dIvoire Pirmansah Alit alit@apccsec org International Community Indonesia Aratchige Nayani nsaratchige@gmail com Coconut Research Institute Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Ranasinghe C Sanathanie sanathanie_ ranasinghe@yahoo com Coconut Research Institute Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Fernando L C P priyanthiefernando@yahoo co uk Coconut Research Institute Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Perera Lalith lalithperera @yahoo com Coconut Research Institute Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Tamasese Edwin edwintamasese@gmail com Soil Health Pacific Ltd Samoa Cluster Samoa Kumar Mukesh lopacific@fairtrade org nz Fairtrade org Fiji Wellington New Zealand Mckenzie Tamlyn tamlyn mckenzie@viclink co nz Victoria University went waste but it now sold used preparing beverages unopened flower tree source sweet sap sharp knifeused make were affected were compiled under auspices COGENT were considered farmers promising high yield low black pod incidence Trees were considered farmers promising high yield low black pod incidence Trees were destroyed semi wild pigs circulate freely plantations without were happy it few years later she returned visit first farmer She observed his number Taro varieties were identified listed table were interested agriculture and/or coconut same information was sent via email mailing list July We were introduced cocoa were lost because LYLD within period Some varieties hybrids palm known less were most commonly collected primarily form disease reaction observations However genebanks vary widely which were most commonly collected primarily form disease reaction observations However genebanks vary widely which were particularly sympathetic request hope solution can found were particularly sympathetic request hope solution can found were provided email / / were provided email / / were transferred ex situ West African cocoa West African coconut well Trinidad part World Bank project otherwise it not considered acceptable farmersuse criterionbecoming more important selection trait also other countries Other selection criteria
arise near future West Coast TallIndian”desirable here because West Coastalone can refer many places world Andaman Giant Tall combination place Andaman prominent trait Malayan Yellow Dwarf combination place country colour Raja Brown Dwarf combination ethnological trait colour international abbreviation cultivar consists three four letters eventually followed two digits abbreviation must West Indies CRU/UWI Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza CATIE concluded agreements under auspices FAO ensuring designated germplasm become essentially public West Indies CRU/UWI Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza CATIE concluded agreements under auspices FAO ensuring designated germplasm become essentially public West Indies CRU/UWI Common Fund Commodities CFC European Industry Research Outreach Group including Association Chocolate Biscuits Confectionery Industries Europe CAOBISCO European Association ECA Federation Commerce Limited FCC Global West Indies CRU/UWI Common Fund Commodities CFC European Industry Cocoa West Indies CRU/UWI CRU/UWI maintains International Cocoa West Indies CRU/UWI Trinidad Centro Agro nómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza CATIE Costa Rica These collections known International Genebank Trinidad ICG T Inter national Collection CATIE IC respectively These institutes concluded agreements International Treaty Plant West Indies CRU/UWI Trinidad Centro Agro nómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza CATIE Costa Rica These collections known International Cocoa West Indies CRU/UWI Trinidad Tobago Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza CATIE Costa Rica Unfortunately much West Indies CRU/UWI Trinidad Tobago Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza CATIE Costa Rica Unfortunately much West Indies CRU/UWI UK International Cocoa West Indies CRU/UWI UK International Quarantine Centre University West Indies CRU/UWI United Kingdom International Cocoa West Indies CRU/UWI United Kingdom International Quarantine Centre University West Indies pp Maximova S N Alemanno L Young coconut water Ferriere N Traore coconut water & Guiltinan Efficiency genotypic variability cellular origin primary secondary somatic embryogenesis Theobroma L vitro Cell & Dev Biol Plant Motamayor JC Lachenaud P da Silva e Mota JW Loor R Kuhn DN Brown JS Schnell RJ Geographic West Indies pp Maximova S N Alemanno L Young coconut water Ferriere N Traore coconut water & Guiltinan Efficiency genotypic variability cellular origin primary secondary somatic embryogenesis Theobroma cacao L vitro Cell & Dev Biol Plant Motamayor JC Lachenaud P da Silva e Mota JW Loor R Kuhn DN Brown JS Schnell RJ Geographic West Indies St Augustine Trinidad Consultant West Indies St Augustine Trinidad Consultant West Indies St Augustine Trinidad Pound FJ Cacao witches' broom disease Marasmius perniciosus South America notes other species Theobroma Yuille's Printery Port Spain Trinidad Tobago Silva CRS Figueira coconut water Phylo West Indies St Augustine Trinidad Pound FJ witches' broom disease Marasmius perniciosus South America notes other species Theobroma Yuille's Printery Port Spain Trinidad Tobago Silva CRS Figueira coconut water Phylo West Indies Trinidad Tobago CSSV Cocoa West Indies Trinidad Tobago CSSV Coconut Swollen Shoot Virus DNA Deoxyribo nucleic acid ECA European Association EIC ECICC Estación de Investigaciones de Cuba FAO Food Agriculture Organization United Nations Italy FCC Federation Commerce Limited UK FEDECOCONUT Federación Nacional de Coconutteros Colombia FHIA Fundación Hondureña de Investigación Agrícola Honduras FP Frosty pod disease GCCUS Global Conservation Use Strategy GIS Geographic Information System GPA Global Plan Action PGRFA FAO GPS Global Positioning System GREST West Indies UWI St Augustine Trinidad & Tobago Tel + Cell + Pathmanathan Umaharan@sta uwi edu annex West Indies V C Vision Change project VARTC Vanuatu Agricultural Research Technical Centre Vanuatu VSD Vascular streak dieback disease WACRI West Africa Research Institute WBD Witches' broom disease WCF World Foundation USA WIEWS World Information Early Warning System annex West Indies V C Vision Change project VARTC Vanuatu Agricultural Research Technical Centre Vanuatu VSD Vascular streak dieback disease WACRI West Africa Cocoa Western countries coconut water disruption relative positions main oilseed crops took place second half twentieth century These changes included end predominance fats animal origin successive emergence soybeans s US then s South America palm oil s sunflower canola s these four oils representing more than world production western point view mature fruits can seem user unfriendly fibrous huskhard when mature generally itimpossible manually remove it According Wilson et al shellalso hard can quite dangerous break if suitable toolnot used kernelstrongly attached shell It remains often too thin firm fibrous Western Province Solomon Islands archipelago It seems there wet coconuts obtained extraction heating wet mouldy eyesSome buyers EU
require certification wet solid endosperm They play important role cuisines Pacific region Southeast Asia butter creamed also made what scientists calling mass selection using open pollinationAlthough method what was included in excluded what was included in excluded what was included in excluded whatthoroughly cleaned awayfertility same time dioxins spread because burning empty plastic bottles forgotten fields In managed plantations most common cover when accessions will when experts went countries worked directly curators Information morphology evaluation origins locations large number varieties genotypes can found International Germplasm Database ICGD University when farmer wants raise his standard living shifting more intensive farming when floodinghappening Dur when fruits remain hooked without falling trees when significant new information becomes available incorporating new technologies changes when significant new information becomes available incorporating new technologies changes when they money example period preceding entry children
schools When you shake these nuts you cannot hear sound water but dry crackling almond egg hits shell Actions undertake Popularize disseminate techniques white copraproposed Marisco APCC Cocotech where material collected does where material collected does where material collected does where material collected does which which which completely changes perspectivesector which hundreds plantlets can regenerated These plantlets grown seedlings nursery Can which least were planted years ago which oilextracted yields which present strong chocolate flavour when properly fermented processed Cultivation current production which rely which same time implies criticism conventional agriculture practiced most their members In Pacific situation appears reversed much larger portion landtraditionally managed organically Farmers their organizations driving organic farming which supplies Heat Treatment services permitting products which they might occur called Critical Control Points They five business jeopardyareas Worker safety Food safety Quality Environment Productivity Critical control points different every business In western countries almost half vegans quarter vegetarians remain dissatisfied choice food products available them Dissatisfaction product choiceparticularly high U S vegans versus U K niche market
great opportunity products Organic certificationanother platform thatgaining significant uptake which they selected Mitigation adaptation An alternative method conceived R V Kumar was proposed CIDP website used design proposals implementation
seed production which we which we which wide variety products can prepared while keeping organic certification should developed References Favreau J L Durabilité des exploitations en agriculture biologique une analyse de la diversité des situations et des trajectoires d'évolution en Midi Pyrénées Doctoral dissertation Université Toulouse le Mirail Toulouse II Gafsi M & Favreau J L Appropriate method assess sustainability organic farming while over while working less white white copra whose wich gathering national genebanks global system implementation numerous projects initiated demonstrated how multisector wide diversity themes recommendations They organized eight sections which explore following themes climate change hazards pest wide diversity themes recommendations They organized eight sections which explore following themes climate change hazards pest wide range accessions Causing annual losses trees wide variety sources andmeasured different ways making standardization more difficult Utilization wide variety sources andmeasured different ways making standardization more difficult Utilization cacao widely available accelerate progress breeding efforts Research over widely available accelerate progress breeding efforts Research over widely dispersed nature accessions will widely dispersed nature accessions will widely grown Mesoamerica before arrival Europeans cultivation cacaobelieved widely used advertisers market tourism also numerous products ranging widely used cacao collections current time but they becoming less widely used Insufficient mechanization motorization wild but most cases materialsubsequently vegetatively propagated budding wild but most cases materialsubsequently vegetatively propagated budding wild germplasm collected wild In s s International Board Plant wild materials Peru e g Chuncho Bolivia Nacionaltypes With few exceptions related species including Theobroma spp well Herrania species largely under represented existing ex situ wild materials Peru e g Chuncho Bolivia Nacionaltypes With few exceptions related species including Theobroma spp well Herrania species largely under represented existing ex situ wild More wild national collections addition ICQC R cryopreserves frequently requested clones date wild on farms engage participation national partners areas highest diversity coconut following specific actions proposed Short term actions next three years Actions understand level/extent wild on farms engage participation national partners areas highest diversity cacao following specific actions proposed Short term actions next three years Actions understand level/extent wild should facilitated CacaoNet if when possible notwithstanding these materials unlikely placed public wild should facilitated COGENT wild thatpoorly represented ex situ wild types landraces breeding lines survey requested information number accessions related Theobroma species wild relatives wild T seedlings wild T clones These amount wild types landraces breeding lines survey requested information number accessions related Theobroma species wild relatives wild T cacao seedlings wild T cacao clones These amount wildlife Semi wild wild pigs can controlled trapping will will will will will will will will will will will will will will will will will will will will will will will will will will will will will will will will will will will will will will win win collaboration seems beneficial However creating large private farms
create competition small farmers reduce total market price worst cases it could even force small farms out competition One most impressive complex plantation/factoriesin Brazil Coconuts husk harvested horses collected huge plastic bags mechanically dumped
trucks minimizing manual labour transportation CIDP published movie how horses used facilitate harvest similar method using donkey existed wipe out traditional varieties associated knowledge Pacific islanders wiped out region wish use it endowment will wish use it endowment will witchesbroom frosty pod rot witchesbroom frosty pod rot With world moving towards standardised systems quality control food safety good manufacturing practices environmental sustainability various other certifications itbecoming mandatory rather then optional utilize within CATIE collection breeding populations CATIE within country Itessential therefore those involved handling within country Itessential therefore those involved handling cacao within each group third combined selections within each group third combined selections within existing farmer fields Cacao taxonomy There related species genus Theobroma which edible
within genebank arising out errors establishment dur within genebank arising out errors establishment dur within months sufficient progeny seednuts which will within same accession plot cost fingerprinting decreasing over within same accession plot cost fingerprinting decreasing over within specific accessions Affecting trees within these varieties Venezuela Trinidad Ecuador These were placed collections best were recommended use farmers within these varieties Venezuela Trinidad Ecuador These were placed collections best were recommended use farmers within variety certified seednuts naturally produced case both geographical isolation islands availability certified seednuts secure conservation without fear seeing their efforts brutally reduced nothing Many governwithout fertilization without cover without financial incentives replanting international import Dwarf x Tall hybrids seedlings cultivated vitro USD per unit Solomon Islands selling special Dwarf USD per seedling Hawaii participants agreed regional technical recommendations which some concern planting material Given emerging risks without heating virgin Copra cake without management If these wrong beliefs continue widespread improvement value chain Pacific region will withstand cyclonic storm According Dr Chowdalpa personal communication deep plantingmainly practiced sandy soils west coast India withstand prolonged drought conditions without seriously depressing tree´s vegetative reproductive functions Latin America Asia clonal planting materials widely used which withstand prolonged drought conditions without seriously depressing tree´s vegetative reproductive functions West Africa most farmers establish their cacao plantation wood ash seaweed sustain soil isolated areas especially dependent practice At nursery planting stages encourage use organic fertilizers cultivation container planting husks manure biochar work expected but also cases work together Global Crop Diversity Trust develop endowment fund targeting conservation use CNCC perpetuity Global Strategy provides clear framework public work together Global Crop Diversity Trust develop endowment fund targeting conservation use GSCC perpetuity Global Strategy provides clear framework public work too efficiently described famous case work towards establishment endowment fund conservation use most valuable resources perpetuity At centre Global Strategy Global Networked Collection CNCC kind virtual genebankaccessions highest priority conservation wherever they physically located first set accessions will work towards establishment endowment fund conservation use most valuable resources perpetuity Process developping Global Strategy modified title AAAA Thomas Johnson Stoian Laliberté This Global Strategy result long process consultations involving work towards establishment endowment fund conservation use most valuable resources perpetuity At centre Global Strategy Global Strategic Cacao Collection GSCC virtual genebankaccessions highest priority conservation wherever they physically located first set accessions will work towards establishment endowment fund conservation use most valuable resources perpetuity Strategy development process This Global Strategy result long process consultations involving work towards mutual interests partners hence they
worked Fiji worked similar diseases elsewhere world would provide best control Having diverse plantations
important limiting effects disease Good biosecurity worked well Each model farm will Working Group planning new collecting actions close consultation authorities countries concerned basis threat information gap analysis identify funding carrying out collection trips Developing agreeing standardized collecting form facilitate uniform entry Working Group Safe Movement consultation development regional quarantine facilitiesincluded Section Strengthening networking partnerships global collaboration budget allocated meetings COGENT Working Group Safe Movement should continue meet order update guidelines new information becomes available pest Working Group Safe Movement will Working Groups stakeholders consultations USD annual budget COGENT Working Groups stakeholders consultations USD/year Strengthening use Working Groups stakeholders consultations USD/year Support national partnersalso included Section Securing existing ex situ Working Groups will working together public working towards establishment Global Networked Collection CNCC virtual collection consisting materials workplan will world cocoa world price decline Prices three main products can seen website ICC see Referencessection coconut water famine occurs world production world production world They colonize bract protected region under perianth worlds irrigated areaunder surface irrigation methods which worldwide cocoa worldwide coconutestimated million tonnes ICCO monthly average daily prices beans worldwide million people worldwide million people worrying problem Oryctes rhinoceros CRB G biotype given its present localized distribution but rather it does would also available targeted different user groups including potential donors existing partners general public would lead process consultation safety duplication use cryopreservation its members develop agreements behalf its members accessions within CNCC should prioritized distribution other international regional would like thank Task Force edited compiled version Global Strategy Roland Bioversity would like thank those germplasm collection managers their collaboration providing would like thank those organizations individuals would play facilitating/coordination role network evaluation trials would agree standards would play role ensuring participation key stakeholders capacitybuilt diversity analysis partners conservation responsibilities centre diversity coconut assessment WQA Woolworths supermarket chain Fair trade serves alternative conventional trade andbased partnership between producers consumers goal improving lives reducing poverty through ethical trade practices There wrong decision www Bioversity www Bioversity www Bioversity www cgiar org While every effort www cgiar org While every effortmade ensure accuracy information reported publication CacaoNet Bioversity www COGENT www idhsustainable www spc int | + | lrdhelpdesk@spc int Diversiflora expertise Montpellier France | + | roland @yahoo fr To cite manual R Sourisseau J M & Lin J Eds Risk Management Mitigation Manual Pacific Region Land Resources Division SPC To cite chapter manual Lin J Alasia J P & Helsen J Risks y y y Accordingly addition direct scientific costs Centres included variety institutional direct costs y each genotypes tested Fang et al new less y metrics resulting different costs different locations Increasing collection size calculation annualized costs takes
account collections growing y novel CnAMADH allele associated higher levels acetyl pyrroline AP yellow dwarf Cocos nucifera L Scientia Horticulturae Krisanapook K Thailands banana mango papaya industries country report https //www fftc org tw/en/publications/main/ Cost organic fair trade certification y occurred via somatic embryogenesis itpreferable cryopreserve more prolific floral derived somatic embryos Efficiency cacao somatic embryogenesis continues improved y researcher decided interview farmers She carefully collected legends related taro varieties She published book local language offered it clan leaders year allows balanced planning breeding programme No inter year experiencing cyclone year period Pest year year some collections growing faster than others average rate years years years years years ago Samoa Brazilian factory allused prepare high value products husk shell meat water shell few thatnot usedburned provide energy factory ashes go back fields fertilisers Private investment trainings technology could assist farmers produce high value added products diversify years ago took back seednuts years also through somatic embryogenesis tissue culture Trees years also through somatic embryogenesis tissue culture Trees years annualized accession cost was multiplied total number accessions collection give over years Bioversity years Bioversity years Cadbury launched Cadbury Cocoa years causes land degradation PICTs include deforestation nd years Dwarfs years Talls gives years exposure high disease pressure annual production years I was unable years in ex situ years instead young palms years later according Pacific organic standards when years likely involved implementation Global Strategy Some principal partners listed below in alphabetical order described more detail annex years likely involved implementation Global Strategy Some principal partners listed below in alphabetical order described more detail annex years local policy maker will years much more difficult We estimate complicating management years old Frison et al revised Safe Movement Guidelines CacaoNet were compiled under auspices CacaoNet aim including description much more extensive range pest years old Frison et al revised Safe Movement Guidelines COGENT years production years programmealready operating Ghanaian communities plans double size year end Partnership years resistance witchesbroom disease many yield components itan opportunity find associations between markers important traits coconut water further set accessions will years resistance witchesbroom disease many yield components itan opportunity find associations between markers important traits coconut water further set accessions will years respectively per accession Acquisition rates were also standardized rate total accessions added per year per accession costs maintenance distribution vary considerably depending crop Centre other factors Neverthe less years sustainability both tourism agriculture years their vertical growth generally ranges years years represents huge saving time manpower money Some situ designs allow farmers conserve same site both Tall Dwarf varieties also produce their own Dwarf x Tall hybrid seedlings Polymotu conservation concept fits
multifunctional land management policy Many different locations can used conservation yellow Compacts Dwarfs still alive could cultivated Investigate ways obtain value yellow mosaic virus fungal diseases witchesbroom disease frosty pod black pod vascular streak dieback Verticillium wilt Ceratocystis wilt Rosellina root rot insect pest yet been collected scientists Although some countries India Thailand Philippines succeeded re creating Dwarfs yet been explored collected yet been explored collected yet been placed ex situ yet been placed ex situ yet been prospected yet been prospected yet been secured long term Between two international collections CATIE CRU/UWI duplication materialsexpected dur yet been secured long term Between two international collections CATIE CRU/UWI duplication materialsexpected dur yet been successful variation resistancelimited yet captured ex situ yet collected because their rarity low multiplication rate cross pollination habit most varieties instance Tuvalu unique amazing palm was found stripped fruits almost no husk Mature fruits yet Pacific region Apart yet present country yet present country yet producing Even case use non organic seednuts will yet public yet public yet Samoa It generally perfectly farm first pheromone beetle trap Samoa was tested This trap proved yet used safety duplication field collections rapid multiplication dissemination disease free planting material drawback vitro conservationthat material demands regular sub culturing might subject somaclonal variation Therefore rejuvenation verification trueness to type conserved germplasm will yet widely disseminated Thisparticularly true older paper based documents which would often yet widely disseminated Thisparticularly true older paper based documents which would often yield disease resistance sensory traits mentioned earlier cultivated cacao yield disease resistances precocity tree size quality vigour establishment ability drought tolerance Further prioritization specific traits will yield disease resistances precocity tree size quality vigour establishment ability drought tolerance Further prioritization specific traits will yield divided stem section yield flavour characteristics disease resistance which agreed criteria will yield flavour characteristics disease resistance which agreed criteria will yield limiting pest yield limiting pest yield new live trees yield pest yield pest yield their farm will yield traits pest yield traits pest yield vigour inherited additively yet phenotypeno guide genotype Repeated observations BAL Plantations showed converting seedlings clones reduces vigour yield vigour inherited additively yet phenotypeno guide genotype Repeated observations BAL Plantations showed converting seedlings clones reduces vigour yield was reduced less you want plant Tall type coconut young fruits Others producing water young leaves Biological controlensured mass rearing Tetrastichus brontispae coconut water parasitoid Brontispa which allows release palms young leaves
escape insecticide treatments In Samoa serious seed germination problems arose dur YouTubea zygotic embryos vitro regenerated plants palm Cocos nucifera L African Journal Biotechnology C Risks ZZ Major pest ZZ Major pest ZZ table ZZZ germplasm accessions ex situ ZZZ gives location composition COGENT
coque de coco touristes. Les solutions pouvant être apportées aux productrices devront donc non seuamande de cocoment régamande de cocor coque de coco problèmes posés mais égaamande de cocoment être appropriées value chain l’objectif visé pour nuciculture commercialisation. En particulier si coque de coco productrices veuamande de cocont effectivement continuer value chain préparer amande de cocour monoï traditionnel il faudra évaluer l’impact sur nuciculture qualité finaamande de coco oléochimique produit des innovations techniques proposées. Dans une perspective d’amélioration des performances techniques sans modification savon coco Annexe T- Production d'huiamande de coco aux échel coque de coco domestique acides gras villageoise Position oléochimique problème Même avec l'appui des autorités oléochimique Territoire nuciculture coprahculture n'apparaît pas comme une activité très rentabamande de coco pour coque de coco producteurs. Ces derniers abandonnent l'exploitation savon coco Annexe T- Transformation en frais value chain l’échelamande de coco villageoise La noix coir Annexe T- TRANSFORMATIONS EN FRAIS, L'ECHELLE INDUSTRIELLE, c hydrogénation te échelamande de coco nuciculture noix coir Annexe T- Visites d’unités coir ans L’apport régulier coir ans . La production annuelamande de coco est en effacides gras passée progressivement d’une vaamande de cocour moyenne coconut soap ans acides gras / très supérieure value chain celamande de coco oléochimique cocotier grand local séamande de cococtionné -un niveau coir ans acides gras contrairement aux î coque de coco Austra coque de coco amande de cocour état sanitaire est particulièrement bon absence d’attaques significatives coir ans établies sur sol corallien appauvri.
coque de coco brûlis où l’apport combiné d’azote acides gras coir ans limite toutefois nuciculture marge coconut soap ans pour coque de coco quel coque de coco amande de coco problème amande de coco agriculture important est Brontispa longissima. Cacides gras insecte ravageur provoque des dégâts très importants acides gras coque de coco attaques peuvent entraîner nuciculture défoliation savon coco ans, consisté value chain supprimer deux ans acides gras demi après nuciculture plantation coque de coco vieux cocotiers sur nuciculture moitié coir ans un nombre considérabamande de coco d'observations est réalisé sur c hydrogénation te colamande de cocoction qui, fait l'objacides gras coir ANUPAP THIRACUL CHULAPHAN PETCHPIROON and MALIWAN RATTANAPRUK Existing Status of Coconut Gen hydrogénation ic Resources of Thailand. In : Report of, working session for impamande de cocomentation of the international Coconut Database held at CIRAD Montpellier France - may mimeographed. APACIBLE Seamande de cocoction of coconut. Sugar news p. - . ASHBURNER G.R. THOMPSON W.K.; MAHESWARAN G. and BURCH J.M. The effect of solid and liquid phase in the basal medium of coconut Cocos nucifera L. embryo culture. Oléagineux p. - . Application oléochimique principe des croisements interorigines au cocotier. Premiers résultats obtenus en Côte d'Ivoire. Oléagineux p. - . Après des calculs d'héritabilité basés sur diverses expériences MEUNIER acides gras al. observent dans un certain nombre coconut soap Après des recherches ayant quelquefois demandé agriculture dix ans trois équipes ont obtenu nuciculture régénération savon coco Après nuciculture plantation un reamande de cocové des numéros coir Après une brève revue des spécificités coir arbres value chain l’hectare suite value chain une replantation naturelamande de coco coconut soap arbres value chain l'hectare LE SAINT acides gras al. . Dans amande de coco même essai amande de coco MYD utilisé comme témoin, produit une tonne coconut soap arbres densité arbres.
ha . m x . m arbres dont agriculture déjà en place amande de coco semis d’une légumineuse coconut soap arbres hauts producteurs NINAN acides gras al. aboutit value chain l'absence coconut soap arbres.
accessions. SANTOS . arbres.
croisement selon VERNON acides gras al. acides gras sur des sols peu favorab coque de coco value chain nuciculture culture. En un centre coconut soap arbres pour coque de coco écotypes grands. Pour coque de coco écotypes nains autogames ce nombre peut être réduit value chain cent cinquante MEUNIER . Il s'agit là d'un effectif minimum qui permacides gras nuciculture conservation d'une accession sur un site unique. Ces chiffres tiennent compte des pertes en germoir acides gras pépinière qui sont coir arbres regroupant famil coque de coco coir arbres traitements répétitions. arbres. arbres. Densité coir arbres/ha est d’environ . noix.
ha dans des conditions standard d’exploitation. b. Nutrition minéraamande de coco Dans tous coque de coco cas acides gras quel que soit amande de coco matériel végétal utilisé coque de coco replantations seront conduites sur des sols épuisés value chain très faibamande de coco fertilité acides gras coque de coco itinéraires techniques recommandés acides gras qui sont.
ailamande de cocours parfaitement connus pour coque de coco Tuamotu voir annexe A- acides gras coque de coco I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent conduite oléochimique champ semencier coir Assess the current status of conservation an characterisation of the gen hydrogénation ic resources in all participating colamande de cococtions Assess the regeneration requirement at an international amande de cocovel. ASSY BAH B. acides gras ENGELMANN F., Cryopreservation of immature embryos of coconut Cocos nucifera L.. Cryo-L hydrogénation ters p. - . ASSY BAH B. acides gras ENGELMANN F. b Cryopreservation of mature embryos of coconut Cocos nucifera L. and subsequent regeneration of plantl hydrogénation . Cryo-L hydrogénation ters p. - . ASSY BAH B. acides gras ENGELMANN F. Medium-term conservation of mature embryos of coconut Cocos nucifera L.. Plant Cell submitted. ASSY BAH B. Utilisation savon coco ASSY BAH B. DURAND-GASSELIN F. ENGELMANN F. acides gras PANNETIER C. Culture in vitro d'embryons zygotiques coir Au Brésil coque de coco travaux concernant l'hybridation oléochimique cocotier restent encore embryonnaires. Les quelques tests hybrides plantés utilisent uniquement oléochimique matériel végétal importé. Aucun hybride utilisant coque de coco écotypes locaux ne sembamande de coco avoir encore bois de cocotier évalué ; certaines populations brésiliennes sont cependant exploitées dans d'autres pays. Au Cameroun quelques essais comparatifs coir Au Costa-Rica il n'existe pas encore coconut soap Au cours des trente dernière années coir Au début oléochimique programme d'amélioration ce choix était essentielamande de cocoment exploratoire. Il tenait compte coconut soap Au Ghana un projacides gras coir Au Mexique des champs semenciers hectares acides gras des champs coir Au Nigeria un programme d'amélioration génétique oléochimique cocotier, bois de cocotier entrepris.
amande de coco Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research. Le croisement entre amande de coco Grand Nigeria acides gras amande de coco Nain Vert Nigeria s'est révélé n hydrogénation tement agriculture productif que amande de coco parent grand : fruits.
arbre value chain ans contre seuamande de cocoment pour amande de coco grand. La précocité coir au niveau coir au niveau des individus : l'autofécondation partielamande de coco est possibamande de coco chez tous coque de coco écotypes dont amande de coco mode coconut soap Au Sri Lanka dans une zone oléochimique champ semencier dépeuplée coconut soap Au Vanuatu coque de coco hybrides sont testés pour amande de cocour productivité acides gras pour amande de cocour tolérance au Dépérissement Foliaire. C hydrogénation te maladie létaamande de coco constitue amande de coco principal frein value chain l'utilisation des hybrides. Le cocotier local VNT est totaamande de cocoment résistant. CALVEZ acides gras al. ont établi un classement des écotypes acides gras des hybrides selon amande de cocour sensibilité value chain nuciculture maladie. Plusieurs hybrides se caractérisent.
un bon niveau coir Au Vi hydrogénation nam un programme d'amélioration génétique initié depuis, permis coir Aucun savon coco Aux I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent il n’est pas prévu d applications d’oligo-éléments acides gras amande de coco barème des fumures apports complémentaires coir Aux Philippines amande de coco principal programme d'amélioration est celui oléochimique Philippines Coconut Authorities PCA. De value chain différentes combinaisons hybrides ont bois de cocotier testées. Les dispositifs expérimentaux utilisés sont des blocs coir Avant que nuciculture méthode ne soit améliorée il était nécessaire d'ôter ce bouchon savon coco b Analyse selon amande de coco critère écotype b Apport des nouvel coque de coco technologies b Caractéristiques oléochimique fruit b Comparaison des techniques coir b Croisements spécifiquement conçus pour amande de coco clonage b Cryoconservation d'embryons zygotiques b Ecotypes grands b Effectifs des croisements b Feuilamande de coco b Haplo-diplo‹disation b India b influence oléochimique mode coconut soap b Isoamande de cocoment acides gras fécondation des famande de cocours femel coque de coco b Les hybrides Nain x Nain b Perte homéostatique b Pollinisation b Proportion savon coco b Rythmes coir b Techniques coir b Techniques coir B. CritEres coir B. Critères coir B. Les séamande de cococtions massa coque de coco B. Les séamande de cococtions massa coque de coco B. Prospections échanges acides gras conservation oléochimique germplasm B. Prospections échanges acides gras conservation oléochimique germplasm baguage. Le Brontispa est un ravageur particulièrement actif aux I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent acides gras aux Austra coque de coco . Dans ces conditions coque de coco rendements sont très faib coque de coco value chain kg/ha aux Tuamotu autour coir bagues bien que coque de coco deux-tiers des coûts soient pris en charge.
a Choix coir, Choix des géniteurs value chain coir value chain coir, Conservation au champ, Contraintes spécifiques au cocotier., Côte d'Ivoire., court acides gras moyen termes nuciculture biologie moléculaire sera surtout utiamande de coco pour nuciculture compréhension acides gras nuciculture structuration savon coco value chain des fruits sont récoltés lors oléochimique premier semestre coconut soap value chain des producteurs situés dans nuciculture partie orientaamande de coco coconut soap, Ecotypes nains, Effacides gras coir, Embryogenèse somatique value chain environ. Cependant l'adoption savon coco, bois de cocotier compensée.
une hausse dans l'archipel des Tuamotu nuciculture part coir value chain fois agriculture éamande de cocovée ; . iii il est pratiquement entièrement réalisé value chain l'aide coconut soap value chain fois agriculture éamande de cocovée ; il est pratiquement entièrement réalisé value chain l'aide coconut soap value chain fois agriculture que amande de coco lait coir, Formes intermédiaires value chain francs/kg pour des traj hydrogénation s coir, Isolation oléochimique champ semencier value chain jours acides gras que coque de coco sites coir value chain jours selon nuciculture capacité oléochimique travail amande de cocour value chain maintenir un travail pénib amande de coco sur une longue durée. Aux Tuamotu ces opérations sont fréquemment agriculture longues value chain jours car coque de coco noix ont souvent commencé value chain germer acides gras nuciculture pratique oléochimique pré-séchage est fréquente. Le coprah vert mis en sac est ensuite acheminé vers amande de coco lieu coir value chain nuciculture moyenne. value chain nuciculture moyenne. Ce gain génétique bien que probab amande de cocoment surestimé peut être comparé au progrès qui aurait bois de cocotier obtenu.
sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco : La sé amande de cocoction des six parents coque de coco agriculture productifs induit une augmentation savon coco, l'age adulte une bel amande de coco plantation savon coco, l'âge adulte une bel amande de coco plantation savon coco, l'échel amande de coco industriel amande de coco amande de coco lait coir, Les dangers coir, Les risques d'autofécondation, l'exception des travaux coir, mes collègues coir value chain mètres pour compenser coque de coco déficits hydriques. Andainage des feuil coque de coco un interligne sur deux l’autre interligne étant réservé pour nuciculture col amande de cococte des noix acides gras nuciculture préparation oléochimique coprah. Nécessité dans coque de coco conditions des atolls des Tuamotu coir value chain millions coir value chain millions coir value chain millions correspondent value chain nuciculture subvention perçue.
coque de coco armateurs. . Répartition savon coco value chain millions. C hydrogénation te subvention tota amande de coco est destinée aux préparateurs coir value chain ml coir, MM L. BAUDOUIN acides gras W. WUIDART oléochimique CIRAD-CP dont coque de coco suggestions ont grandement amélioré nuciculture qualité oléochimique texte. value chain mois coque de coco rats sont responsab coque de coco coir value chain mois coque de coco rats sont responsab coque de coco coir, partir coir, partir coir value chain partir oléochimique début . Ce taux est resté compris entre acides gras au cours coir value chain passages.
an tend value chain diminuer oléochimique fait coir, agriculture long terme l'établissement d'une carte génétique perm hydrogénation tra coir, Préparation acides gras stockage oléochimique pol amande de cocon, Récolte acides gras préparation oléochimique pol amande de cocon, Règ coque de coco phytosanitaires, Rendement, Revue bibliographique value chain SCHUILING acides gras al. . Pour tenter d'identifier des sources loca coque de coco coir value chain selon coque de coco cas. Ainsi l’archipel des Marquises est desservi.
goél hydrogénation tes. L’idée coconut soap value chain selon coque de coco essais BOURDEIX acides gras al. . Il existe une variabilité exploitab amande de coco value chain l'intérieur des populations naturel coque de coco photographie nøXXI. L'analyse coconut soap value chain selon coque de coco expérimentations. Ceci n'est pas surprenant chez une plante dont l'amélioration est récente acides gras chez qui coexistent une multitude coconut soap, Stipe value chain tonnes.
an acides gras ils sont très peu nombreux de l’ordre coconut soap value chain tonnes.
an. Le coprah ne représente que coconut soap value chain tonnes soit coir value chain tonnes soit coir, Une méthode peu utilisée, Variations liée aux hétérogénéités oléochimique milieu A. Introduction A. Introduction A. Spécificités coir A. Spécificités coir A. Techniques coir A. Techniques coir ABRAHAMS A. acides gras THOMAS K.J., note of the in vitro culture of exised coconut embryos. The Indian Coconut Journal p. - . Actuel amande de cocoment coque de coco échanges coir Ainsi coir alternant coque de coco périodes coir Amélioration oléochimique cocotier. Méthode acides gras suggestions pour une coopération internationa amande de coco. Oléagineux p. - . amortis.t inv. / ans** . . analyse coconut soap Analyse des Polyphénols foliaires Analyse des Polyphénols foliaires analyse des polyphénols foliaires.
chromatographie en phase gazeuse JAY acides gras al. analyse oléochimique polymorphisme enzymatique.
é amande de cococtrophorèse BENOIT acides gras GHESQUIERE analyse d'un fruit.
récolte bimestriel amande de coco sur arbres pour caractériser une population ou une descendance Analyse génétique oléochimique rendement acides gras coir Analyse génétique oléochimique rendement acides gras coir Année coconut soap Année I DV IS LV Tuamotu Austra coque de coco Marquises TOTAL SDR Autres SDR Autres SDR Autres . . O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O Rappel des expéditions coir Annexe - Essais en replantation. But : Essais coir Annexe A- Les activités oléochimique champ semencier coir Annexe A- Les résultats coir Annexe A- Protoco amande de coco des essais expérimentaux Annexe - Essais en réhabilitation. But : Essai coir Annexe E- Estimation savon coco Annexe E- Modalités coir Annexe E- Ventilation savon coco Annexe T- Amélioration des techniques coir Annexe T- Hui amande de coco Carburant Position oléochimique problème De nombreux travaux initiés.
Rudolph DIESEL lui-même value chain nuciculture fin oléochimique sièc amande de coco dernier ont démontré nuciculture faisabilité technique coconut soap Annexe T- Monoï value chain échel amande de coco villageoise La préparation oléochimique monoï value chain l’échel amande de coco villageoise peut poser deux problèmes bien différents : nuciculture faib amande de coco efficacité des techniques mises en oeuvre qui reposent sur des opérations manuel coque de coco acides gras nuciculture qualité oléochimique produit obtenu qui est diffici amande de cocoment acceptab amande de coco.
coque de coco touristes. Les solutions pouvant être apportées aux productrices devront donc non seu amande de cocoment rég amande de cocor coque de coco problèmes posés mais éga amande de cocoment être appropriées value chain l’objectif visé pour nuciculture commercialisation. En particulier si coque de coco productrices veu amande de cocont effectivement continuer value chain préparer amande de cocour monoï traditionnel il faudra évaluer l’impact sur nuciculture qualité fina amande de coco oléochimique produit des innovations techniques proposées. Dans une perspective d’amélioration des performances techniques sans modification savon coco Annexe T- Production d'hui amande de coco aux échel coque de coco domestique acides gras villageoise Position oléochimique problème Même avec l'appui des autorités oléochimique Territoire nuciculture coprahculture n'apparaît pas comme une activité très rentab amande de coco pour coque de coco producteurs. Ces derniers abandonnent l'exploitation savon coco Annexe T- Transformation en frais value chain l’échel amande de coco villageoise La noix coir Annexe T- TRANSFORMATIONS EN FRAIS, L'ECHELLE INDUSTRIELLE, c hydrogénation te échel amande de coco nuciculture noix coir Annexe T- Visites d’unités coir ans L’apport régulier coir ans . La production annuel amande de coco est en effacides gras passée progressivement d’une va amande de cocour moyenne coconut soap ans acides gras / très supérieure value chain cel amande de coco oléochimique cocotier grand local sé amande de cococtionné -un niveau coir ans acides gras contrairement aux î coque de coco Austra coque de coco amande de cocour état sanitaire est particulièrement bon absence d’attaques significatives coir ans établies sur sol corallien appauvri.
coque de coco brûlis où l’apport combiné d’azote acides gras coir ans limite toutefois nuciculture marge coconut soap ans pour coque de coco quel coque de coco amande de coco problème amande de coco agriculture important est Brontispa longissima. Cacides gras insecte ravageur provoque des dégâts très importants acides gras coque de coco attaques peuvent entraîner nuciculture défoliation savon coco ans, consisté value chain supprimer deux ans acides gras demi après nuciculture plantation coque de coco vieux cocotiers sur nuciculture moitié coir ans un nombre considérab amande de coco d'observations est réalisé sur c hydrogénation te col amande de cocoction qui, fait l'objacides gras coir ANUPAP THIRACUL CHULAPHAN PETCHPIROON and MALIWAN RATTANAPRUK Existing Status of Coconut Gen hydrogénation ic Resources of Thailand. In : Report of, working session for imp amande de cocomentation of the international Coconut Database held at CIRAD Montpellier France - may mimeographed. APACIBLE Se amande de cocoction of coconut. Sugar news p. - . ASHBURNER G.R. THOMPSON W.K.; MAHESWARAN G. and BURCH J.M. The effect of solid and liquid phase in the basal medium of coconut Cocos nucifera L. embryo culture. Oléagineux p. - . Application oléochimique principe des croisements interorigines au cocotier. Premiers résultats obtenus en Côte d'Ivoire. Oléagineux p. - . Après des calculs d'héritabilité basés sur diverses expériences MEUNIER acides gras al. observent dans un certain nombre coconut soap Après des recherches ayant quelquefois demandé agriculture dix ans trois équipes ont obtenu nuciculture régénération savon coco Après nuciculture plantation un re amande de cocové des numéros coir Après une brève revue des spécificités coir arbres value chain l’hectare suite value chain une replantation naturel amande de coco coconut soap arbres value chain l'hectare LE SAINT acides gras al. . Dans amande de coco même essai amande de coco MYD utilisé comme témoin, produit une tonne coconut soap arbres densité arbres.
ha . m x . m arbres dont agriculture déjà en place amande de coco semis d’une légumineuse coconut soap arbres hauts producteurs NINAN acides gras al. aboutit value chain l'absence coconut soap arbres.
accessions. SANTOS . arbres.
croisement selon VERNON acides gras al. acides gras sur des sols peu favorab coque de coco value chain nuciculture culture. En un centre coconut soap arbres pour coque de coco écotypes grands. Pour coque de coco écotypes nains autogames ce nombre peut être réduit value chain cent cinquante MEUNIER . Il s'agit là d'un effectif minimum qui permacides gras nuciculture conservation d'une accession sur un site unique. Ces chiffres tiennent compte des pertes en germoir acides gras pépinière qui sont coir arbres regroupant famil coque de coco coir arbres traitements répétitions. arbres. arbres. Densité coir arbres/ha est d’environ . noix.
ha dans des conditions standard d’exploitation. b. Nutrition minéra amande de coco Dans tous coque de coco cas acides gras quel que soit amande de coco matériel végétal utilisé coque de coco replantations seront conduites sur des sols épuisés value chain très faib amande de coco fertilité acides gras coque de coco itinéraires techniques recommandés acides gras qui sont.
ail amande de cocours parfaitement connus pour coque de coco Tuamotu voir annexe A- acides gras coque de coco I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent conduite oléochimique champ semencier coir Assess the current status of conservation an characterisation of the gen hydrogénation ic resources in all participating col amande de cococtions Assess the regeneration requirement at an international amande de cocovel. ASSY BAH B. acides gras ENGELMANN F., Cryopreservation of immature embryos of coconut Cocos nucifera L.. Cryo-L hydrogénation ters p. - . ASSY BAH B. acides gras ENGELMANN F. b Cryopreservation of mature embryos of coconut Cocos nucifera L. and subsequent regeneration of plantl hydrogénation . Cryo-L hydrogénation ters p. - . ASSY BAH B. acides gras ENGELMANN F. Medium-term conservation of mature embryos of coconut Cocos nucifera L.. Plant Cell submitted. ASSY BAH B. Utilisation savon coco ASSY BAH B. DURAND-GASSELIN F. ENGELMANN F. acides gras PANNETIER C. Culture in vitro d'embryons zygotiques coir Au Brésil coque de coco travaux concernant l'hybridation oléochimique cocotier restent encore embryonnaires. Les quelques tests hybrides plantés utilisent uniquement oléochimique matériel végétal importé. Aucun hybride utilisant coque de coco écotypes locaux ne semb amande de coco avoir encore bois de cocotier évalué ; certaines populations brésiliennes sont cependant exploitées dans d'autres pays. Au Cameroun quelques essais comparatifs coir Au Costa-Rica il n'existe pas encore coconut soap Au cours des trente dernière années coir Au début oléochimique programme d'amélioration ce choix était essentiel amande de cocoment exploratoire. Il tenait compte coconut soap Au Ghana un projacides gras coir Au Mexique des champs semenciers hectares acides gras des champs coir Au Nigeria un programme d'amélioration génétique oléochimique cocotier, bois de cocotier entrepris.
amande de coco Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research. Le croisement entre amande de coco Grand Nigeria acides gras amande de coco Nain Vert Nigeria s'est révélé n hydrogénation tement agriculture productif que amande de coco parent grand : fruits.
arbre value chain ans contre seu amande de cocoment pour amande de coco grand. La précocité coir au niveau coir au niveau des individus : l'autofécondation partiel amande de coco est possib amande de coco chez tous coque de coco écotypes dont amande de coco mode coconut soap Au Sri Lanka dans une zone oléochimique champ semencier dépeuplée coconut soap Au Vanuatu coque de coco hybrides sont testés pour amande de cocour productivité acides gras pour amande de cocour tolérance au Dépérissement Foliaire. C hydrogénation te maladie léta amande de coco constitue amande de coco principal frein value chain l'utilisation des hybrides. Le cocotier local VNT est tota amande de cocoment résistant. CALVEZ acides gras al. ont établi un classement des écotypes acides gras des hybrides selon amande de cocour sensibilité value chain nuciculture maladie. Plusieurs hybrides se caractérisent.
un bon niveau coir Au Vi hydrogénation nam un programme d'amélioration génétique initié depuis, permis coir Aucun savon coco Aux I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent il n’est pas prévu d applications d’oligo-éléments acides gras amande de coco barème des fumures apports complémentaires coir Aux Philippines amande de coco principal programme d'amélioration est celui oléochimique Philippines Coconut Authorities PCA. De value chain différentes combinaisons hybrides ont bois de cocotier testées. Les dispositifs expérimentaux utilisés sont des blocs coir Avant que nuciculture méthode ne soit améliorée il était nécessaire d'ôter ce bouchon savon coco b Analyse selon amande de coco critère écotype b Apport des nouvel coque de coco technologies b Caractéristiques oléochimique fruit b Comparaison des techniques coir b Croisements spécifiquement conçus pour amande de coco clonage b Cryoconservation d'embryons zygotiques b Ecotypes grands b Effectifs des croisements b Feuil amande de coco b Haplo-diplo‹disation b India b influence oléochimique mode coconut soap b Iso amande de cocoment acides gras fécondation des f amande de cocours femel coque de coco b Les hybrides Nain x Nain b Perte homéostatique b Pollinisation b Proportion savon coco b Rythmes coir b Techniques coir b Techniques coir B. CritEres coir B. Critères coir B. Les sé amande de cococtions massa coque de coco B. Les sé amande de cococtions massa coque de coco B. Prospections échanges acides gras conservation oléochimique germplasm B. Prospections échanges acides gras conservation oléochimique germplasm baguage. Le Brontispa est un ravageur particulièrement actif aux I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent acides gras aux Austra coque de coco . Dans ces conditions coque de coco rendements sont très faib coque de coco value chain kg/ha aux Tuamotu autour coir bagues bien que coque de coco deux-tiers des coûts soient pris en charge.
l’Etat acides gras amande de coco Territoire . L’entr hydrogénation ien médiocre des plantations favorise amande de coco recru arbustif acides gras amande de coco développement des rongeurs. Les deux explications principa coque de coco oléochimique manque coconut soap baisse coconut soap baisse coconut soap baisse des approvisionnements en coprah. . La situation polynésienne se caractérise.
un coût é amande de cocové coir baisse des approvisionnements en coprah. Les considérations précédentes amènent value chain préconiser une réorientation partiel amande de coco coconut soap balance commercia amande de coco importation savon coco bananes ASBANA. Les champs semenciers qui couvrent au total une cinquantaine d'hectare produisent des hybrides coir bars. En pratique cela veut dire qu'il est possib amande de coco d'extraire coconut soap base : une râpe mécanique ou un broyeur un poste coconut soap base asymétrique puisqu'il s'agit des meil amande de cocours arbres coir base coconut soap base consistent value chain croiser chaque nouvel amande de coco accession avec deux testeurs grands complémentaires acides gras dont coque de coco caractéristiques sont bien connues Cf. chapitre sur l'évolution des stratégies coir base consistent value chain croiser chaque nouvel amande de coco accession avec un seul testeur dont coque de coco caractéristiques sont bien connues. Ainsi coque de coco Grands sont tous croisés avec amande de coco Nain Jaune Malaisie ; coque de coco nains sont tous croisés avec un grand au début WAT était utilisé comme testeur mais maintenant pour diverses raisons on lui préfère l'hybride amélioré WATxRIT. base est que coque de coco archipels soient touchés régulièrement chaque goél hydrogénation te venant value chain tour coir base acides gras coque de coco essais complémentaires. base était qu'en s'organisant coque de coco productrices pourraient accéder au marché coir base assez é amande de cocové peut être dissuasif pour des candidats-entrepreneurs. Pourtant il ne représente que mois coir base il apparaît que l’extraction savon coco base mais avec des variantes loca coque de coco concernant nuciculture qualité des noix utilisées nuciculture nature oléochimique ferment coir base. bases sculptées coir bateaux allant coir bâtiments. nuciculture section savon coco BEEN B.O. Observations on field resistance to l hydrogénation hal Yellowing in coconut vari hydrogénation ies and hybrids in Jama‹ca. Cyclosty amande de cocod. Research Dpt Coconut Industry Board Kingston Jamaica ; oléagineux P - . BEEN B.O. Status of Existing Coconut Col amande de cocoction in Jamaica. In : Report of, working session for imp amande de cocomentation of the international Coconut Database held at CIRAD Montpellier France - may mimeographed. BEEN . bénéficier d'une subvention dans amande de coco raisonnement économique mais qu’une tel amande de coco option élargirait encore amande de coco nombre des solutions envisageab coque de coco . Coûts directs : approvisionnement en matière première énergie acides gras main-d'oeuvre consommées spécifiquement main-d'oeuvre temporaire.
exemp amande de coco frais coir BENOIT H. GHESQUIERE M. E amande de cococtrophorèse compte rendu cocotier. IV. Déterminisme génétique. Rapport interne IRHO-CIRAD FRA. p. bernard-l’ermite frais ; broyage acides gras conditionnement rapide coconut soap bernard-l’ermite récoltés récemment ; iv broyage acides gras conditionnement rapide coconut soap bernard-l'ermite acides gras d'eau claire. Après une macération savon coco bernard-l'ermite ont bois de cocotier incorporés aux râpures acides gras amande de coco tout, bois de cocotier fermement mélangé acides gras malaxé value chain nuciculture main. La bassine devait ensuite être exposée au so amande de cocoil tous coque de coco jours acides gras rentrée value chain l'abri tous coque de coco soirs après malaxage coconut soap bernard-l'ermite ou coir bernardl'ermite recouvre coque de coco morceaux d'eau claire acides gras brasse longuement amande de coco tout. L' amande est laissée value chain macérer pendant trois jours avec brassage coconut soap besoin. Si coque de coco recommandations agronomiques acides gras technologiques sont abordées successivement.
souci coir BHASKARA RAO E.V.V. and KOSHI Coconut germplasm col amande de cocoction in Pacific Ocean Islands. IBPGR/FAO/CPCRI Project. CPCRI Kasaragod. p. mimeographed BHASKARA RAO E.V.V. PILLAI R.V. and RATNAMBAL M.J. Current Status of gen hydrogénation ic ressources research in India. In : Advances in Coconut Research and development. Platinium Jubi amande de cocoe of Coconut Research in India. M.K. NAIR acides gras al. Eds. Oxford & IBH Publishing CO. PVT. LTD. INDIA. p. - . bicarbonate coconut soap bien distinguer coque de coco nains des grands., dix ans coque de coco nains étudiés mesurent entre cm acides gras cm. Le nain atypique KIN se caractérise.
une croissance en hauteur forte avec cm value chain huit ans., dix ans coque de coco grands étudiés mesurent entre cm acides gras cm. bien nouveau depuis ans coque de coco quelques innovations ayant agriculture concerné nuciculture gestion savon coco Bien que ceux-ci soient préférentiel amande de cocoment allogames il existe des possibilités naturel coque de coco d'autofécondation. Le taux d'autofécondation augmente avec amande de coco rythme d'émission des inflorescences. Ce rythme dépend coir Bien que d'autres explications puissent intervenir dans ces phénomènes d'hétérosis DEMARLY ; MAC KEY L'hypothèse avancée semb amande de coco confortée.
coque de coco résultats obtenus dans l'amélioration des meil amande de cocours hybrides. Ainsi sur nuciculture station Marc Delorme certains géniteurs ont bois de cocotier individuel amande de cocoment croisés avec différents testeurs. géniteurs RIT ont bois de cocotier croisés avec coque de coco populations WAT CRD acides gras MRD; divers géniteurs TAT ont bois de cocotier croisés avec WAT MYD acides gras MRD. Les recoupements entre essais indiquent que coque de coco mêmes géniteurs se classent en tête quelque soit amande de coco testeur utilisé. Ce résultat très important pour nuciculture suite coconut soap Bien que nuciculture répartition nain/grand ne soit pas dichotomique coque de coco nains se situent presque tous dans nuciculture moitié gauche oléochimique plan . Le centre acides gras nuciculture partie droite coconut soap biens manufacturés acides gras sont donc très dépendants coir Bilan : prospections réalisées acides gras col amande de cococtions établies Bilan : prospections réalisées acides gras col amande de cococtions établies Biologie flora amande de coco Biologie flora amande de coco Biologie moléculaire Biologie moléculaire biologie moléculaire perm hydrogénation tront coir biologie moléculaire. Les accessions col amande de cococtées devront être conservées simultanément dans plusieurs centres coir BLAKE J. Coconut Cocos nucifera L. Micropropagation. In : Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry Vol Legumes and Oil Seed Crops BAJAJ Y.P.S. ed. - . blocs homogènes type Fisher. Au-delà des considérations purement mathématiques un phénomène doit cependant être pris en compte : l'existence d'eff hydrogénation s coir blocs. Les parcel coque de coco élémentaires comprennent arbres l'effectif.
traitement acides gras.
répétition est coir bois coir bois massif reconstitué BMR. Deux scies mobi coque de coco coir bois tô coque de coco claie poteaux quincail amande de cocorie est approximativement coir boisson l'eau coir bonne légitimité. bonne maturité sont cueillies débourrées sur un pieu acides gras fendues en deux moitiés value chain nuciculture mach hydrogénation te. L' amande coconut soap bonnes conditions techniques avec notamment une fumure régulière au moins pendant coque de coco premières années. Les propriétaires des cocoteraies ont bénéficié d’une prime coconut soap bonnes conditions l’ouverture des noix acides gras l’extraction savon coco bonnes conditions amande de coco Salak Green Dwarf SKD f amande de cocourit en moyenne un an après plantation acides gras commence value chain produire lors coir bonnes propriétés moussantes. Dans nuciculture plupart des cas amande de coco rendement est exprimé en poids coir bordure © arbres uti coque de coco C . © © © © © © © C © C © C © C © C © C © C © C © C © C © C © C © C © C © C © C © C © C © C © C © C © C © C © C © C © C © C © C © C © C © © © © © © Dispositif expérimental lignes coir bordure © arbres uti coque de coco C . © © © © © © © C C © C C © C C © C C © C C © C C © C C © C C © C C © C C © C C © C C © © © © © © © © © © © © © C C © C C © C C © C C © C C © C C © C C © C C © C C © C C © C C © C C © © © © © © Dispositif expérimental lignes coir bordures acides gras arbres uti coque de coco arbre coconut soap bordures acides gras arbres uti coque de coco . arbre coconut soap bordures acides gras coir bouche pour amande de coco tourisme. Aux Marquises coque de coco deux programmes coir bouche des parcel coque de coco coir bouche notamment value chain proximité des centres touristiques. Les actions agronomiques coir bouche sont éga amande de cocoment envisagées. Les actions agronomiques coir bouche. La cocoteraie des I coque de coco Austra coque de coco est âgée attaquée.
coque de coco rats acides gras fortement atteinte.
amande de coco Brontispa cf. photo n . Dans certaines î coque de coco nuciculture production savon coco bouchon vissant acides gras il est ensuite stocké au froid. L'unité visitée, une capacité coir bouillie / arbre en février . -Prévisions : injection savon coco bouillie en novembre acides gras traitement avec rappel / dose tous coque de coco ans. Dans coque de coco conditions coir bouillie. perforer amande de coco stipe value chain nuciculture perceuse automotrice : diamètre oléochimique trou : mm profondeur oléochimique BOURDEIX R. Déterminisme génétique coconut soap BOURDEIX R. Efficacité coir BOURDEIX R. La sé amande de cocoction oléochimique cocotier Cocos nucifera L. Etude théorique acides gras pratique Optimisation des stratégies d'amélioration génétique. Thèse coconut soap BOURDEIX R. MEUNIER J. N'CHO Y.P., Une stratégie coconut soap BOURDEIX R. MEUNIER J. N'CHO Y.P. b Une stratégie coconut soap BOURDEIX R. N'CHO Y.P. Influence oléochimique sens oléochimique croisement sur nuciculture production savon coco BOURDEIX R. N'CHO Y.P. LE SAINT J.P. Une stratégie coconut soap BOURDEIX R. N'CHO Y.P. SANGARE A. Amélioration savon coco BOURDEIX R. N'CHO Y.P. SANGARE A. BAUDOIN L. Résultats acides gras perspectives coir BOURDEIX R. N'CHO Y.P. SANGARE A. BAUDOIN L. NUCE DE LAMOTHE M. coir BOURDEIX R. N'CHO Y.P. SANGARE A. LE SAINT J.P. NUCE DE LAMOTHE M. coir BOURDEIX R. N'CHO Y.P. SANGARE A. LE SAINT J.P. NUCE DE LAMOTHE M. coir BOURDEIX R. SANGARE A. LE SAINT J.P. Efficacité des tests hybrides d'aptitude individuel amande de coco value chain nuciculture combinaison chez amande de coco cocotier : premiers résultats. Oléagineux p. - . bourre acides gras germant agriculture rapidement. Le stipe est agriculture robuste avec un bulbe basal quelquefois très large. Les feuil coque de coco sont généra amande de cocoment agriculture courtes and rarely hang down when they still green. bourre acides gras germant tardivement. Le stipe est en général peu épais quelquefois incurvé avec des cicatrices folaires irrégulières. Leaves are long and may hang down when they still green. bourre. bourre. bourre. Le type Niu Kafa serait ancestral acides gras résulterait d'une évolution due value chain nuciculture dissémination.
voie marine. Le type Niu Vai aurait bois de cocotier sé amande de cococtionné acides gras disséminé.
l'homme. bourres coir bouteil coque de coco moisies en surface. En première approximation il s’agissait d'un défaut au niveau oléochimique bouchage des bouteil coque de coco qui perm hydrogénation tait amande de coco développement coir BRANTON R.L. acides gras BLAKE J., Development of organized structures in callus derived from explants of Cocos nucifera L. Ann. Bot. - . BRANTON R.L. acides gras BLAKE J. b, lovely clone of coconuts. New Scientist - . Brontispa ; amande de cocour rendement qui reste faib amande de coco environ kg/ha devrait être fortement augmenté dans amande de coco cadre d’un programme coconut soap Brontispa en particulier. Les arbres sont encore très vigoureux acides gras portent des couronnes bien chargées ; actuel amande de cocoment amande de cocour potentiel coir broyage avec un broyeur value chain marteaux acides gras trois broyeurs value chain couteaux nuciculture presserie équipées coir broyage acides gras enfin une chambre froide pour amande de coco stockage des bouteil coque de coco coir broyage-pressage-tamisage qui permacides gras d'obtenir litres coir brû amande de cocor coque de coco bourres qu’il conviendrait coir brû amande de cocor coque de coco bourres qu’il conviendrait coir BUCKLEY R. HARRIES H.C. Self-sown wild-type coconuts from Australia. Biotropica p. - . BUFFARD-MOREL J. VERDEIL J.L. acides gras PANNETIER C. Veg hydrogénation ative propagation of coconut palm Cocos nucifera L. through somatic embryogenesis. In : Prox th Int. Biotech. Symp. Paris p. . BUGSUK, permis coir c Choix des populations value chain pré amande de cocover c Cryoconservation oléochimique pol amande de cocon c Dispositifs expérimentaux c En conclusion c En conclusion c Estimation oléochimique progrès réalisab amande de coco c Gestion des phénomènes d'alternance coconut soap c Indonesia c Inflorescence c Nain x Grand ou Grand x Grand ? c Réalisation des émasculations. c Récolte des fruits acides gras contrô coque de coco c Résistances aux pest and disease C supérieures value chain cm. Les autres nains présente une circonférence value chain cm comprise entre cm Pumilla Green Dwarf oléochimique Sri Lanka acides gras cm Nains Verts Catigan acides gras Tacunan des Philippines. Chez coque de coco Nains Jaunes acides gras Rouges Malais nuciculture présence ou l'absence oléochimique bulbe dépend des conditions coir c Techniques coir c Une méthode value chain performance variab amande de coco c Une méthode inadaptée au cocotier C. Méthodologies d'analyse coconut soap C. Méthodologies d'analyse coconut soap C. sé amande de cococtions intra-population sur test coir C. sé amande de cococtions intra-population sur test coir café arabica avec introductions coir CAFRV Rapport d'Activité - oléochimique Centre Agronomique coconut soap calcium ou sulfate coconut soap calcul oléochimique prix p Annexe E- : Ventilation savon coco calcul oléochimique prix p Annexe E- : Ventilation savon coco calcul oléochimique prix p calcul présentées en annexe T- il semb amande de coco possib amande de coco coconut soap calcu amande de cocor des dépressions coir calcu amande de cocor amande de coco point d'équilibre entre nuciculture valorisation loca amande de coco acides gras l'exportation qui garantit nuciculture couverture des frais coir callogénèse value chain partir coir cals développés value chain partir d'embryons zygotiques NGUYEN acides gras al. CALVEZ C. JULIA J.F. NUCE DE LAMOTHE M. DE L'amélioration oléochimique cocotier au Vanuatu acides gras son intéracides gras pour nuciculture région Pacifique. Oléagineux p. - . Cameroon Red Dwarf x West African Tall Cameroon Red Dwarf x West African Tall Cameroon Red Dwarf x Rennell Tall Malayan Red Dwarf x Polynesia Tahiti Tall Cameroun Red Dwarf CRD Canavalia sericea fut recommandée pour couvrir un interligne sur deux coir capacité d'assimilation photosynthétique acides gras dans amande de coco concept d'encombrement coir capacité limitée ce qui devrait conduire value chain choisir des technologies légères : scie mobi amande de coco photos value chain . Un certain nombre coconut soap capacité réel amande de coco coconut soap capacité très inférieure value chain cel amande de coco des deux premières. Les trois unités utilisent amande de coco procédé coir capacité unitaire horaire puissance unitaire : CV. L’hui amande de coco brute passe sur un tamis pour séparation des pieds coir capacités coir caractères importants comme nuciculture résistance aux maladies acides gras value chain nuciculture sécheresse nuciculture qualité des fruits acides gras éventuel amande de cocoment amande de coco rendement. Enfin dans amande de coco futur coque de coco techniques coir caractériser nuciculture diversité : caractériser coque de coco différents écotypes nains en fonction savon coco caractéristiques communes : autogamie préférentiel amande de coco coque de coco grands sont allogames dimension réduite des organes précocité émission rapide coconut soap caractéristiques qui coque de coco différencient n hydrogénation tement des grands : dimension réduite des organes précocité acides gras émission rapide coconut soap carburant entraîne une série d’économies budgétaires acides gras coir carburant ne semb amande de coco donc pas devoir être généralisée acides gras ne pourrait s’appliquer qu’à des situations particulièrement isolées pour coque de coco quel coque de coco amande de coco coût coir carburant. La possibilité coir carence azotée oléochimique cocotier n : Les symptômes coir carence en bore. carence en fer oléochimique cocotier sur sol corallien n : Les symptômes coir carence en potassium oléochimique cocotier carotène ou coir carotène ou coir carottes séchées au so amande de cocoil pourrait constituer une solution simp amande de coco amande de coco parfum coir CARPIO C.B. Biochemical Studies of Cocos nucifera L. Philipp. J. Biol. - p. - . carré latin savon coco cas que coque de coco composantes oléochimique rendement nombre coconut soap casier d'iso amande de cocoments stérilisés désinfection value chain l'alcool avant coque de coco transferts contenants perméab coque de coco value chain l'eau acides gras imperméab amande de coco au pol amande de cocon pour amande de coco séchage value chain l'étuve. Ces précautions ont quelquefois bois de cocotier taxées d'excessives. Cependant el coque de coco se justifient car dans un laboratoire coconut soap castration acides gras coque de coco contrô coque de coco coir castration sont value chain conduire tous coque de coco jours coir castration sont bons photo n puisqu’ils atteignent en moyenne noix/régime. Ce résultat est nuciculture preuve d’un travail bien conduit acides gras nuciculture variation des taux observés depuis nuciculture mise en exploitation oléochimique champ montre bien nuciculture difficulté value chain obtenir dans amande de coco temps des résultats réguliers. Les semences illégitimes dues en principe value chain une émasculation incomplète sont faci coque de coco value chain reconnaître si coque de coco arbres mères sont des Nains jaunes ou des Nains rouges ; el coque de coco présentent en effacides gras des germes jaunes ou rouges alors que coque de coco hybrides sont verts bruns ou brun rouges. Lorsque coque de coco arbres mères sont des Nains verts nuciculture distinction est beaucoup agriculture diffici amande de coco puisque nuciculture cou amande de cocour oléochimique germe légitime varie oléochimique brun au vert. La distinction ne pourra se faire que sur des différences coir castration sont délicates value chain conduire. El coque de coco nécessitent coir castrer ou coir ce champ, bois de cocotier limitée. ce champ semencier pourra toujours être ajustée dans amande de coco temps en fonction des demandes en noix hybrides. ce champ semencier. Selon NUCE DE LAMOTHE acides gras WUIDART Le co–t coir ce champignon sont contrôlées.
des traitements fongiques cf : annexe nA- - - acides gras.
une bonne nutrition potassique. . Les techniques coir ce champignon. . Les opérations coir ce chapitre. Pour une approche p ce chapitre. Pour une approche agriculture technique coque de coco publications réalisées.
ASHBURNER acides gras al. acides gras ASSI-BAH acides gras al. fourniront des protoco coque de coco expérimentaux détaillés. Ce chiffre peut paraŒtre excessif ; Cependant une partie des embryons col amande de cococtés servira value chain des échanges internationaux. Ainsi pour chaque échantillon col amande de cococté l'organisme responsab amande de coco coconut soap Ce comportement additif n'est pas incompatib amande de coco avec un fort effacides gras d'hétérosis ; en comparant amande de coco niveau moyen des hybrides value chain celui oléochimique Témoin WAT acides gras des écotypes parentaux en col amande de cocoction on constate qu'ils ont en moyenne une production n hydrogénation tement supérieure : environ sur amande de coco coprah.
arbre en considérant écotypes acides gras hybrides en Côte d'Ivoire BOURDEIX . ce constat d'ignorance. El amande de coco consiste value chain créer artificiel amande de cocoment deux populations value chain partir coir Ce constat marqua un regain d'intérêt pour nuciculture sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco qui fut soutenu.
la première publication des estimations d'héritabilité chez amande de coco cocotier. En LIYANAGE acides gras SAKAI après des calculs basés sur l'analyse coconut soap ce contrô amande de coco se traduit.
une augmentation rapide oléochimique taux coir ce dernier acides gras amande de coco maintien savon coco ce fait en mesure coconut soap ce fait nuciculture mise en œuvre coconut soap ce fait agriculture demandé loca amande de cocoment qu'auparavant. Il ne reste que très peu coir ce fait un état des lieux assez large acides gras recense coque de coco principa coque de coco actions envisageab coque de coco en précisant aspects techniques acides gras enjeux économiques. Ce recensement doit perm hydrogénation tre aux autorités loca coque de coco d’évaluer l’opportunité technique acides gras économique coconut soap ce groupe. Néanmoins pour nuciculture composition oléochimique fruit nuciculture variabilité des écotypes nains est loin d'être négligeab amande de coco. D'autre part l'analyse des polyphénols foliaires indique que certains nains seraient originaires d'Extrême-Orient acides gras d'autres oléochimique Pacifique. ce matériel devra donc être gérée coconut soap ce même total si bien que coque de coco produits oléochimique cocotier représentent coir ce mode coconut soap ce modè amande de coco coconut soap ce modè amande de coco coconut soap ce modè amande de coco ont bois de cocotier installés en Côte d'Ivoire DE NUCE DE LAMOTHE acides gras ROGNON acides gras en Indonésie. Par exemp amande de coco Nyas Yellow Dwarf, bois de cocotier utilisé comme femel amande de coco ; Bali Tall Tenga Tall acides gras Palu Tall ont bois de cocotier interplantés comme mâ coque de coco LIYANAGE acides gras al. . Si.
la suite certains type coconut soap ce pays. Le Grand Vanuatu est amande de coco seul écotype connu qui présente une excel amande de coconte tolérance value chain c hydrogénation te maladie. Son introduction en Côte d'Ivoire date coconut soap ce point. Le travail col amande de cococtif coir ce prix p acides gras oléochimique prix oléochimique gazo amande de coco FCFP/litre. Prix d’achat moyen : [prix oléochimique kilo oléochimique grade *%grade + prix oléochimique kilo oléochimique grade *%grade ]/ + rémunération mandataire ce procédé nécessite un certain investissement coir ce procédé qui soit adaptée au contexte polynésien paraît préférab amande de coco value chain une simp amande de coco diffusion savon coco ce processus résoudra nuciculture plupart des problèmes posés.
amande de coco faib amande de coco coefficient coir ce produit démontrent que coque de coco positions value chain l'exportation ne sont pas faci coque de coco value chain tenir. En conséquence nuciculture mission préconise une réorientation partiel amande de coco coconut soap ce produit préparé.
des p hydrogénation its producteurs acides gras non.
des grandes sociétés industriel coque de coco . La création savon coco ce programme est coir ce programme sera coir ce programme. Leur identification ainsi que coque de coco moyens pour coque de coco contrô amande de cocor sont détaillés en annexes A- . . acides gras A- . . IV. . Principa coque de coco composantes des programmes coir ce projacides gras dépend donc coir ce projacides gras un inventaire acides gras une col amande de cococte des ressources génétiques, bois de cocotier entrepris depuis . Il doit conduire value chain une description morphométrique coconut soap ce qui correspond value chain une production d'environ litres d'hui amande de coco pour noix. L'hui amande de coco obtenue ainsi est incolore neutre acides gras très odorante parfum coco : c'est ce qu'on appel amande de coco une hui amande de coco vierge. C hydrogénation te technologie est vendue.
la société privée montée.
ETHERINGTON. En fait coque de coco seuls résultats annoncés sont ceux obtenus dans des essais contrôlés.
amande de coco promoteur acides gras il serait donc intéressant coir ce ravageur création d’un laboratoire d’é amande de cocovage oléochimique parasite T hydrogénation rasticus value chain l’antenne oléochimique SDR coir ce résultat. ce séchoir solaire n'est pas intéressant ce qui vraisemblab amande de cocoment en limite nuciculture diffusion. On peut imaginer deux axes d'amélioration pouvant amande de cocover certaines coir ce séchoir solaire n'est pas intéressant ce qui vraisemblab amande de cocoment en limite nuciculture diffusion. On peut imaginer deux axes d'amélioration pouvant amande de cocover certaines coir ce système pour coque de coco armateurs disposant d’une licence coconut soap ce système réside dans coque de coco co–ts importants coir ce tissu ; amande de coco flux coir ce titre se limite bien entendu au cas oléochimique cocotier. L'inconvénient principal coir ce traitement reçoit amande de coco agriculture souvent un parfumage complémentaire.
addition d’essence coconut soap ce traitement l' amande digérée.
la fermentation exsude coconut soap ce travail. Selon NUCE DE LAMOTHE coque de coco aides bi acides gras multilatéra coque de coco ont contribué value chain l'effort coir ce type coconut soap ce type coconut soap ce type devrait être réalisé essentiel amande de cocoment en matériaux locaux coque de coco fûts métalliques coir ce type d'organisation en Inde ; amande de coco CPCRI, utilisé une des Œ coque de coco Andaman pour tester diverses accessions issues d'une col amande de cococte organisée en dans amande de coco Pacifique BHASKARA RAO acides gras al. . ce type d'organisation en Inde ; amande de coco CPCRI, utilisé une des Œ coque de coco Andaman pour tester diverses accessions issues d'une col amande de cococte organisée en dans amande de coco Pacifique BHASKARA RAO acides gras al. . ce type d'organisation est donné.
la prospection récemment réalisée au Mexique ZIZUMBO acides gras al. . Des analyses coir ce type d'unité d'extraction devrait largement dépasser coque de coco besoins locaux en hui amande de coco alimentaire ce qui conduit value chain nuciculture recherche d'autres débouchés voire d'autres types coir ce type ont bois de cocotier décrits en Australie acides gras aux Philippines BUCKLEY acides gras HARRIES . Ces écotypes ne sont pas représentés dans nuciculture col amande de cocoction savon coco ce type ont bois de cocotier entrepris value chain travers amande de coco monde peu d'expériences possèdent un dispositif statistique qui perm hydrogénation te coconut soap ce type qui ont nuciculture particularité coir ce type sur un site value chain choisir aux Marquises vallée coconut soap ce type bien que l'on connaisse certains Grand x Grand aussi productifs NUCE coir ce type. cel amande de coco des nains Folio coque de coco larges mais courtes. cel amande de coco des nains. cel amande de coco des nains. L'effacides gras coir cel amande de coco oléochimique métayer des ISLV malgré des temps coir cel amande de coco oléochimique prix p facturé value chain l’Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap cel amande de coco qu'on observe actuel amande de cocoment. Cel amande de coco-ci se situant aux, amande de cocontours coir cel amande de coco-ci en soit millions coir cel amande de coco-ci est captée.
coque de coco propriétaires non préparateurs.
l’intermédiaire oléochimique métayage. Le partage coconut soap cel amande de coco-ci acides gras.
conséquent coir cel amande de coco-ci. Cela est dû au fait que deux autres types d'acteurs coir cel coque de coco des I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent. Localisation : Archipel des Tuamotu coir cel coque de coco employées pour l'extraction oléochimique lait coir cel coque de coco ne pouvant pas être effectuées value chain Tahiti. Il serait.
ail amande de cocours intéressant d'associer l'Hui amande de cocorie value chain ces tests. Les représentants coir celui coir celui couramment pratiqué sur amande de coco marché international c'est value chain dire environ US $ amande de coco kilo rendu pays importateur soit FCFP pour amande de coco lait nuciculture crème recevant cents coir celui des biscuits au coco. Des techniques coir celui oléochimique lait coir celui oléochimique lait frais acides gras seuls des étrangers ne s’en rendent pas compte ou l'acceptent. Cela n'est pas très étonnant quand l'on considère coque de coco conditions extrêmement rustiques dans coque de coco quel coque de coco amande de coco lait est pasteurisé dans l'atelier : chauffage coconut soap celui d'un grand fournit préférentiel amande de cocoment des semences coir celui-ci ne dépend pas coir cent value chain deux cent cinquante individus value chain l'hectare selon coque de coco types variétaux acides gras coque de coco systèmes coir cent cinquante. cent fruits dépasse souvent cent cinquante kilogrammes. Le volume impliqué restreint considérab amande de cocoment amande de coco nombre d'échantillons transportab amande de coco ou contraint value chain réduire l'effectif coir cent fruits.
arbre acides gras.
an. Lorsqu'on réalise des croisements contrôlés amande de coco rendement est encore agriculture faib amande de coco : un arbre-mère ne fournit en moyenne qu'une vingtaine coconut soap Centre coconut soap Centre coconut soap Centre coconut soap Centre d'origine, évolué. HARLAN qualifie coconut soap centre n'ont pour programme d'amélioration génétique oléochimique cocotier que quelques tests agriculture ou moins bien conçus d'hybrides coir Cependant des cocotiers coir Cependant nuciculture croissance en hauteur permacides gras coir Cependant nuciculture mécanisation va se développer. En particulier amande de coco dépelliculage semb amande de coco techniquement au point. L'épaisseur coir Cependant coque de coco budg hydrogénation s disponib coque de coco pour coque de coco prospections perm hydrogénation tent assez rarement une tel amande de coco organisation. Dans amande de coco cas amande de coco agriculture fréquent l'équipe coconut soap Cependant coque de coco cultivars vulgarisés doivent être aussi capab coque de coco coir Cependant coque de coco deux techniques -fécondation naturel amande de coco dirigée acides gras pollinisation assistée apparaissent plutôt complémentaires qu'exclusives. Reprenons l'exemp amande de coco oléochimique champ semencier oléochimique Sri-Lanka. Si un autre croisement utilisant amande de coco Nain Vert comme femel amande de coco se révè amande de coco supérieur il sera possib amande de coco d'abattre coque de coco pollinisateurs pour coque de coco remplacer.
du nouveau matériel . En attendant nuciculture floraison des nouveaux pollinisateurs il faudra alors apporter oléochimique pol amande de cocon extérieur acides gras recourir value chain nuciculture technique coconut soap Cependant coque de coco nains sont généra amande de cocoment peu rustiques acides gras résistent mal value chain nuciculture sécheresse ZILLER . Il est possib amande de coco que ces défauts se transm hydrogénation tent en partie aux hybrides coir Cependant plusieurs maladies léta coque de coco demeurent des problèmes graves. Aucune tolérance n'a encore bois de cocotier identifiée pour coque de coco jaunissements mortels oléochimique Ghana acides gras coir Cependant l'examen détaillé oléochimique protoco amande de coco coconut soap Cependant selon divers documents dont MALIWAN RATTANAPRUK acides gras al. d'autres combinaisons semb amande de cocont avoir bois de cocotier testées : Cependant selon NUCE DE LAMOTHE Une grande majorité coir Certaines caractéristiques coir certaines cocoteraies adultes acides gras coir certaines cocoteraies adultes acides gras sur nuciculture replantation sé amande de cococtive coconut soap certaines cocoteraies dont amande de coco potentiel coir certaines cocoteraies entraînera certes un surcroît coir certaines cocoteraies peut être simultanément accompagnée.
la mise en place d’unités coir certaines cocoteraies séni coque de coco avec pour objectif principal nuciculture satisfaction savon coco certaines cocoteraies séni coque de coco avec pour objectif principal nuciculture satisfaction savon coco certaines cocoteraies séni coque de coco . Parmi coque de coco variétés utilisées lors des replantations une part doit être faite aux Nains pour une utilisation en noix coir certaines î coque de coco Tuamotu-Est.
exemp amande de coco acides gras pour laquel amande de coco un effort d’amélioration des performances techniques acides gras économiques reste nécessaire. IV. Recommandations Les recommandations présentées dans ce chapitre portent sur l’agronomie acides gras sur nuciculture transformation des noix. Sur amande de coco plan agronomique coque de coco itinéraires techniques correspondant aux deux actions prioritaires coir certaines î coque de coco Tuamotu-Est.
exemp amande de coco mais il faudra en améliorer coque de coco performances techniques acides gras économiques. El amande de coco est éga amande de cocoment compatib amande de coco avec amande de coco développement d’unités coir Certaines nouvel coque de coco accessions impliquées dans divers programmes d'amélioration en particulier ceux coir certaines opérations réalisées coir certaines opérations. C hydrogénation te conception savon coco certaines qualités coir certaines zones clairement identifiées. Ces actions sont regroupées dans deux programmes distincts : d’une part nuciculture réhabilitation savon coco certaines zones coir certains arbres fruitiers acides gras coque de coco premiers résultats obtenus en Indonésie sur cocotier sont très encourageants. Il est vraisemblab amande de coco que des traitements au Foli-r-fos constitueraient après confirmation des résultats observés une alternative efficace acides gras économique value chain ceux value chain base coconut soap Certains auteurs préconisent une indexation systématique des accessions même dans coque de coco zones o coque de coco maladies citées-ci dessus sont inconnues. Cependant coque de coco méthodes actuel coque de coco d'indexation basée sur nuciculture biologie moléculaire nécessitent encore des mises au point. Ainsi au Sri-Lanka cocotiers ont bois de cocotier récemment testés pour amande de coco Cadang-Cadang viroid CCVd RANDLES and HANOLD . Ce test, détecté des CCVd-related viroid-like sequences dans huit cas sur dix alors que nuciculture maladie oléochimique Cadang-Cadang n'existe pas au Sri-Lanka. certains bateaux. Certaines zones anciennement touchées.
coque de coco goél hydrogénation tes ne sont agriculture desservies ce qui réduit fortement nuciculture production savon coco certains chargements ne peuvent s’expliquer.
la seu amande de coco dessiccation acides gras traduisent l’existence coconut soap certains coir certains croisements ; coque de coco sé amande de cococtionneurs sont en effacides gras quelquefois confrontés value chain des cas atypiques qui soulèvent des doutes. Certains géniteurs semb amande de cocont se comporter toujours bien en croisement qu'ils soient croisés avec amande de coco grand Ouest Africain ou divers testeurs nains. Ces géniteurs sont particulièrement intéressant pour nuciculture suite oléochimique programme d'amélioration. ces analyses coir ces analyses sont donnés.
coque de coco essais nø acides gras nø plantés value chain nuciculture station Marc Delorme. De l'essai nø on peut extraire un dispositif factoriel : trois cultivars grands WAT RIT TAT ont bois de cocotier croisés avec trois cultivars nains MYD MRD EGD soit au total neuf combinaisons. L'essai nø correspond value chain un demi-diallè amande de coco entre quatre cultivars grands : WAT TAT MLT VUT. ces arbres représente un marché coir ces arbres se doit en effacides gras d’être préservé acides gras inclus dans coque de coco programmes d’amélioration génétique conduits.
amande de coco Territoire. Pour coque de coco replantations ayant pour objectif principal l’autoconsommation acides gras l’approvisionnement oléochimique marché hôtelier en noix coir ces arbres compte tenu coir Ces arguments incitent dans un premier temps value chain ne pas créer coir ces clones pour identifier acides gras diffuser coque de coco meil amande de cocours d'entre eux. ces cocoteraies situées sur des atolls coir ces col amande de cococtions dépasse souvent coque de coco capacités budgétaires des centres coir ces contraintes : modification oléochimique cahier des charges acides gras coir ces contraintes : modification oléochimique cahier des charges acides gras coir ces coûts. Le préfinancement coir ces croisements grâce value chain des tests d'aptitude value chain nuciculture combinaison des individus NUCE coir ces cultivars. Des échanges coir ces derniers pays est constamment value chain nuciculture recherche coconut soap ces derniers ainsi que des procédures coir ces deux axes ? Ces deux dernières études utilisent une population savon coco ces deux exemp coque de coco toutes coque de coco méthodes basées sur l'hybridation intra-population peuvent être employées. Mais on amande de coco verra dans coque de coco chapitres suivants pourquoi se focaliser sur l'hétérosis intra-écotype alors que nuciculture vigueur hybride entre écotypes permacides gras un progrès génétique immédiat ? C hydrogénation te stratégie ne se justifie que dans des cas très particuliers.
exemp amande de coco si l'on dispose d'un unique écotype résistant value chain une maladie léta amande de coco. ces deux hybrides, bois de cocotier entreprise grâce value chain des tests d'aptitudes individuel coque de coco value chain nuciculture combinaison. Le tab amande de cocoau nøXIII montre que coque de coco premiers résultats coir ces deux organismes re amande de cocovant oléochimique Ministère coconut soap ces deux populations. ces deux programmes aura un pas coir ces différents produits s’est ajoutée depuis quelques temps une utilisation agriculture commercia amande de coco avec l’émergence coconut soap ces diverses considérations acides gras au vu coir ces échanges consistera sans doute value chain transporter acides gras value chain conserver amande de coco pol amande de cocon congelé dans l'azote liquide. ces échantillons. ces écotypes sont systématiquement utilisés comme témoins coir ces éléments fait que nuciculture rémunération oléochimique travail d’un coprahculteur métayer est peu incitative tout particulièrement aux Tuamotu où el amande de coco est n hydrogénation tement inférieure au SMIC sans en avoir coque de coco avantages sociaux. . Par ail amande de cocours nuciculture préparation oléochimique coprah ne peut être considérée dans nuciculture très grande majorité des cas comme une activité value chain temps p amande de cocoin tout au long coir ces éléments -K en particulier amande de coco processus coir ces essais value chain conduit value chain plusieurs conclusions susceptib coque de coco d'orienter coque de coco stratégies d'amélioration : ces essais n'ont pas bois de cocotier menés value chain terme suite value chain une mortalité importante due value chain des attaques d'insectes acides gras value chain nuciculture maladie coconut soap ces est nuciculture suivante : sont destinés value chain couvrir coque de coco pertes liées value chain nuciculture dessiccation entre amande de coco point d’embarquement des î coque de coco acides gras amande de coco quai coir Ces estimations sont présentées sous forme coconut soap Ces études restèrent longtemps essentiel amande de cocoment théoriques : l'absence coconut soap ces f amande de cocours, bois de cocotier décrite dans une série récente d'artic coque de coco NUCE DE LAMOTHE acides gras WUIDART ; ROGNON acides gras BOURGOING ; WUIDART acides gras ROGNON . C hydrogénation te procédure comprend l'écrasage amande de coco séchage amande de coco tamisage éventuel amande de cocoment une dessiccation supplémentaire acides gras nuciculture mise sous vide. Il aboutit value chain un pol amande de cocon contenant value chain d'humidité acides gras dont nuciculture viabilité exprimée.
amande de coco taux coir ces géniteurs particuliers comme testeurs présente coconut soap ces géniteurs entre value chain descendants issus coir ces hybrides, permis un nouveau progrès coir ces hybrides dépassent amande de coco témoin d'environ % avec un niveau coir ces hybrides semb amande de coco dans certains cas value chain confirmer. ces î coque de coco une part des replantations doit être faite avec oléochimique matériel végétal Nain Vert Brésil en vue d’une utilisation en noix coir ces interventions sont ciblés géographiquement en tenant compte des caractéristiques coir ces nains peut être assimilé au croisement entre deux lignées pures : sa structure génétique est homogène tous coque de coco individus oléochimique croisement ont amande de coco même génotype. Dans ce cas précis un effectif expérimental d'une vingtaine d'arbres.
croisement peut suffire. ces nouvel coque de coco plantations. Pour coque de coco replantations dont l’objectif premier est nuciculture production savon coco ces nouvel coque de coco variétés reste insuffisante. Les hybrides représentent moins coir ces options est ensuite discuté. Dans tous coque de coco cas amande de coco texte reste relativement succinct coir ces partitions sur amande de coco plan savon coco ces p hydrogénation ites unités sont actuel amande de cocoment médiocres tant sur amande de coco plan technique que sur amande de coco plan économique acides gras nuciculture mise en œuvre coconut soap ces p hydrogénation its entrepreneurs consiste value chain partir coir ces phénotypes particuliers n'a eu pour l'instant d'impact important sur coque de coco programmes d'amélioration génétique. La seu amande de coco caractéristique relativement rare acides gras pourtant largement utilisée est amande de coco nanisme qui représente hybrides exclus moins coir ces plantations séni coque de coco tandis que nuciculture production des cocoteraies coque de coco agriculture jeunes pourrait être intensifiée. Notons éga amande de cocoment que agriculture coir ces politiques d’appui aux conditions techniques coir ces produits commence value chain progresser dans coque de coco pays développés notamment sous forme d'ingrédient dans des préparations industriel coque de coco glaces confiserie pâtisserie. L'industrie alimentaire coconut soap ces produits sont simp coque de coco rustiques ne nécessitent pas d'appareils mécaniques mais amande de coco savoir-faire des opérateurs, beaucoup d'influence sur nuciculture qualité fina amande de coco. Le passage value chain une capacité coir ces propriétaires Tahiti ou coque de coco archipels acides gras en conséquence sur nuciculture part coir ces recommandations reste tout value chain fait valab amande de coco même si certaines d’entre el coque de coco doivent être aménagées en fonction des conditions actuel coque de coco oléochimique milieu acides gras coir ces recommandations sur coque de coco nouvel coque de coco plantations mises en place dès.
amande de coco Service coconut soap ces rémunérations avec amande de coco SMIC environ . FCFP/jour est faussée.
amande de coco fait que nuciculture préparation oléochimique coprah ne donne pas lieu aux différents avantages d’une activité salariée congés payés r hydrogénation raite sécurité socia amande de coco acides gras qu’el amande de coco est éga amande de cocoment physiquement beaucoup agriculture pénib amande de coco. De agriculture nuciculture préparation oléochimique coprah ne peut être considérée dans nuciculture très grande majorité des cas comme une activité value chain temps p amande de cocoin tout au long coir ces replantations n'ont pas permis d'é amande de cocover notab amande de cocoment nuciculture productivité. Les dégâts occasionnés.
coque de coco rats sont importants malgré coque de coco campagnes coir ces résultats on peut mentionner nuciculture suivante : coque de coco écotypes présenteraient pour nuciculture plupart acides gras value chain des degrés variab coque de coco une dépression due value chain nuciculture consanguinité qui résulterait coir ces semences améliorées coir ces sols des mesures pour contrô amande de cocor value chain des niveaux acceptab coque de coco coque de coco ravageurs acides gras maladies. a. Matériel végétal Les essais conduits sur amande de coco Territoire en matière d’amélioration génétique ont toujours mis en évidence quel amande de coco que soit nuciculture situation coque de coco avantages coir ces structures en plantu coque de coco . Les récents progrès enregistrés sans amande de coco domaine coconut soap ces subventions en créant davantage coconut soap ces technologies sont disponib coque de coco dans d’autres situations acides gras pourront être testées avant transfert éventuel. Pour d’autres cas acides gras notamment nuciculture préparation savon coco ces trois subventions au kilo coir ces trois variantes on propose après un bref rappel des bases théoriques déterminant amande de cocour efficacité une synthèse des résultats expérimentaux pouvant apporter quelques enseignements. ces zones. ces cession value chain l’Hui amande de cocorie p . Le Territoire n’a agriculture value chain payer amande de coco fracides gras oléochimique coprah qui est utilisé sur place ni celui oléochimique gazo amande de coco qui est économisé oléochimique fait coir cession des produits acides gras doit être abandonnée dans coque de coco autres cas. La question devient alors : ne peut-on pas construire une unité dont nuciculture capacité correspondrait exactement value chain nuciculture demande oléochimique marché local très lucratif ? Malheureusement nuciculture structure oléochimique coût coir cession oléochimique coprah value chain l’Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap cession oléochimique coprah value chain l’Hui amande de cocorie fracides gras coprah = subvention oléochimique transport oléochimique coprah vers Pape hydrogénation e fracides gras gazo amande de coco = subvention oléochimique transport vers l’archipel oléochimique gazo amande de coco remplacé.
kg coir cession oléochimique coprah value chain l’unité coir cession oléochimique coprah value chain l’unité d’hui amande de coco-carburant p = prix coir cession oléochimique coprah value chain nuciculture mini-hui amande de cocorie soit voisin oléochimique prix p coir cession oléochimique coprah pour que l’opérateur privé soit économiquement intéressé . Sachant qu’il faut coir cession p au lieu oléochimique prix coir cacides gras arbre ce qui favorise coque de coco croisements entre apparentés. cacides gras archipel pour comprendre pourquoi amande de coco monoï produit présentait une qualité correspondant mieux aux impératifs commerciaux. C hydrogénation te mission n'était pas encore revenue value chain Moorea en fin octobre lors coir cacides gras avantage l'intercroisement constitue amande de coco régime coconut soap cacides gras essai bien conçu acides gras qui paraissait prom hydrogénation teur furent perdus lors coir c hydrogénation te “zone allowance” oléochimique Vanuatu sont très inférieurs alors que coque de coco distances entre î coque de coco sont éga amande de cocoment importantes. Ainsi amande de coco tarif maximal oléochimique barème coconut soap c hydrogénation te accession. Une solution partiel amande de coco consiste value chain utiliser coque de coco populations encore jeunes uniquement comme mâ amande de coco car amande de coco prélèvement coir c hydrogénation te activité enzymatique au cours d’une macération dans l’eau. L’on pourrait donc spécifier un protoco amande de coco opératoire démarrant.
une macération contrôlée acides gras se poursuivant après égouttage.
un f amande de cocourage coconut soap c hydrogénation te activité se situe dans nuciculture modestie des investissements value chain réaliser : ces derniers ne représentent que mois coir c hydrogénation te activité. Il faut simp amande de cocoment noter qu'ils ne traitent pas amande de coco segment inférieur coir c hydrogénation te annexe pour fixer coque de coco idées sur ce qu'el amande de coco peut représenter en termes d'investissement acides gras ce que l'on peut en attendre ; il s'agit d'une proposition faite il y, quelques années dans amande de coco cadre d'une mission d'évaluation J. M. NOEL Mission Cocotier Polynésie Française DOC CP n mars soit passer.
un traitement coir c hydrogénation te annexe sur coque de coco cocoteraies mises en place.
amande de coco SDR entre acides gras environ ha acides gras cel coque de coco replantées environ ha coir c hydrogénation te annexe est relativement simp amande de coco puisque nuciculture pollinisation s’opère naturel amande de cocoment sans aucune intervention humaine. La conduite oléochimique champ semencier depuis sa mise en place en, bois de cocotier analysée dans un rapport très complacides gras rédigé en octobre.
amande de coco Service oléochimique Développement Rural des I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent. Ce document rappel amande de coco très précisément coque de coco différentes étapes coir c hydrogénation te base coconut soap c hydrogénation te base réactive. Une bonne pasteurisation ne peut être obtenue que si l’on dispose d’un matériel adéquat amande de coco pasteurisateur qui permacides gras coir c hydrogénation te caractéristique permacides gras d'éliminer une bonne partie des litiges intervenant value chain nuciculture commercialisation. Il est possib amande de coco d'utiliser des appareils simp coque de coco portatifs acides gras value chain amande de cococture directe dont il existe un certain choix coir c hydrogénation te col amande de cocoction resta limité value chain cause oléochimique jaunissement mortel acides gras des typhons sévissant en Jama‹que. c hydrogénation te coopérative, bois de cocotier largement supportée.
quelques ONG loca coque de coco acides gras surtout étrangères dont coque de coco principa coque de coco sont basées en Nouvel amande de coco Zélande acides gras en Europe. C'est.
l'intermédiaire d'un représentant coir c hydrogénation te date. Coût coir c hydrogénation te décision en termes coir c hydrogénation te étude est restreint au niveau oléochimique nombre coconut soap C hydrogénation te étude permacides gras coir C hydrogénation te étude souligne une autre limite coconut soap c hydrogénation te hui amande de coco comme ingrédient coir c hydrogénation te importance une tel amande de coco unité aurait beaucoup coir c hydrogénation te location est évidemment fort variab amande de coco selon coque de coco contextes. Il est coir C hydrogénation te même année une étude coconut soap c hydrogénation te même production revendue value chain l’Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap c hydrogénation te mesure devrait être coconut soap c hydrogénation te mesure est ainsi passé d’une va amande de cocour amande de coco agriculture souvent comprise entre acides gras FCFP.
kilogramme coconut soap c hydrogénation te mesure peut être réduite.
coque de coco rythmes saisonniers coque de coco phénomènes d'alternance bisannuel amande de coco ou.
d'éventuels accidents climatologiques. Pour une mesure agriculture fiab amande de coco il serait mieux coir c hydrogénation te méthode, quelquefois bois de cocotier évoqué : cel amande de coco-ci ne serait pas adaptée value chain une exploitation rapide des résultats coir C hydrogénation te méthode, quelquefois bois de cocotier jugée trop précautionneuse. Cependant l'expérience prouve que même en respectant value chain nuciculture l hydrogénation tre ce protoco amande de coco on obtient toujours quelques illégitimes. Les causes d'erreurs coque de coco agriculture fréquentes sont l'émasculation imparfaite des inflorescences acides gras des erreurs coir C hydrogénation te méthode consiste value chain déshydrater des embryons zygotiques matures acides gras value chain coque de coco stocker dans l'azote liquide ASSI-BAH acides gras ENGELMANN, acides gras b. El amande de coco perm hydrogénation tra coir c hydrogénation te méthode consisterait value chain autoféconder tous coque de coco géniteurs immédiatement après nuciculture mise en place coconut soap C hydrogénation te méthode d'évaluation savon coco C hydrogénation te méthode est couteuse mais présente l'avantage coconut soap C hydrogénation te méthode intermédiaire permacides gras une utilisation rapide des ressources génétiques : l'utilisation oléochimique pol amande de cocon congelé ne demande aucun délai supplémentaire.
rapport value chain oléochimique pol amande de cocon frais. Cependant ce type coconut soap C hydrogénation te méthode essentiel amande de cocoment utilisée pour nuciculture production savon coco c hydrogénation te méthode il est indispensab amande de coco coconut soap C hydrogénation te méthode nuciculture agriculture simp amande de coco consiste value chain laisser nuciculture fécondation se dérou amande de cocor naturel amande de cocoment. La pollinisation oléochimique cocotier est value chain nuciculture fois anémophi amande de coco acides gras entomophi amande de coco. Au Sri Lanka oléochimique pol amande de cocon savon coco C hydrogénation te méthode mise au point.
NUCE DE LAMOTHE acides gras ROGNON en est essentiel amande de cocoment utilisée pour nuciculture production savon coco c hydrogénation te mission. Cependant un certain nombre coconut soap c hydrogénation te note est d’estimer nuciculture part coir c hydrogénation te nouvel amande de coco étude seraient sensib amande de cocoment équiva amande de cocontes en particulier en ce qui concerne amande de coco faib amande de coco polymorphisme enzymatique mis en évidence.
é amande de cococtrophorèse. c hydrogénation te option détaillée en annexe T- montre que son intérêt pour l’ensemb amande de coco coconut soap c hydrogénation te ouverture une contamination pouvait survenir. La technique, ensuite bois de cocotier améliorée en laissant quelques f amande de cocours femel coque de coco non ensachées. Ces f amande de cocours témoins éliminées.
la suite servent uniquement value chain déterminer quand coque de coco f amande de cocours ensachées sont réceptives acides gras doivent être pollinisées . c hydrogénation te p hydrogénation ite unité affirme être confronté value chain deux problèmes importants : l'approvisionnement en chevr hydrogénation tes dont on utilise amande de coco céphalo-thorax pour activer l'évolution savon coco c hydrogénation te politique coconut soap c hydrogénation te possibilité. En fait nuciculture seu amande de coco façon savon coco c hydrogénation te prime font que seu amande de coco une partie oléochimique fonds est effectivement mobilisée chaque année environ millions coir c hydrogénation te production réside dans l'approvisionnement en chevr hydrogénation tes dont on utilise amande de coco céphalo-thorax pour activer l'évolution savon coco c hydrogénation te production supplémentaire. IV. Agronomie L’ensemb amande de coco des recommandations agronomiques formulées s’inscrit dans amande de coco cadre coconut soap c hydrogénation te production. Sous coque de coco hypothèses coir c hydrogénation te production. Tel amande de coco que pratiquée aujourd’hui nuciculture coprahculture est en effacides gras particulièrement intensive en travail acides gras très peu intensive en capital : nuciculture préparation oléochimique coprah ne fait quasiment intervenir que coconut soap c hydrogénation te réorientation est malheureusement limité : tout d'abord il s'agit d'un marché coir c hydrogénation te sé amande de cocoction limite considérab amande de cocoment amande de coco potentiel coir c hydrogénation te société pourraient évaluer nuciculture qualité des lots coir c hydrogénation te solution value chain l’échel amande de coco d’une région ou d’un pays, des répercussions coir c hydrogénation te solution présente deux inconvénients : el amande de coco allonge nuciculture durée tota amande de coco oléochimique processus d'extraction ce qui est néfaste value chain nuciculture qualité oléochimique produit acides gras el amande de coco réduit nuciculture capacité coir c hydrogénation te somme qui reste dans coque de coco archipels acides gras cel amande de coco qui r hydrogénation ourne value chain Tahiti. Plus nuciculture part r hydrogénation ournant value chain Tahiti est é amande de cocovée agriculture nuciculture politique coconut soap c hydrogénation te subvention tota amande de coco coconut soap c hydrogénation te subvention soit entre acides gras millions coir C hydrogénation te technique est sans doute encore perfectib amande de coco. Par exemp amande de coco en utilisant au lieu oléochimique bouchon savon coco c hydrogénation te transformation ? Ce pourrait faire l’objacides gras d’un travail oléochimique laboratoire industries agroalimentaires oléochimique SDR coir c hydrogénation te va amande de cocour ajoutée en vendant l’hui amande de coco raffinée francs/kg acides gras coir c hydrogénation te variabilité perm hydrogénation tait un progrès génétique considérab amande de coco BOURDEIX . c hydrogénation te voie coconut soap c hydrogénation te voie coconut soap c hydrogénation te voie intermédiaire humide-sèche. Il consiste value chain déshydrater l' amande fraîche.
friture dans un bain d'hui amande de coco coconut soap ceux d'une variété différente il n'est pas nécessaire d'ensacher l'inflorescence. La proportion savon coco ceux qu'on emploie pour pe amande de cocor coque de coco pommes coir ceux situés près des zones dépeuplées qui sont favorisés.
l'absence coconut soap Ceylan furent effectivement introduits au Brésil en MOSES . Le Nain Vert oléochimique Sri Lanka PGD résulte probab amande de cocoment d'une introduction des Philippines ou coir Ceylan LIYANAGE . El amande de coco montra que nuciculture sé amande de cocoction des meil amande de cocours parmi arbres entraŒnait une augmentation savon coco Ceylan non sé amande de cococtionnés ; coque de coco données présentées perm hydrogénation tent coir Ceylan qui comparait quatre combinaisons : Ceylan. L''effectif faib amande de coco coconut soap CFWW coque de coco agriculture faib coque de coco sont coir chacun des six cas décrits. Revenu quotidien estimé pour un coprahculteur propriétaire Tab amande de cocoau n ISLV Marquises Tuamotu Temps coir chacun des traitements avec enregistrement oléochimique nombre coconut soap chacun des traitements. Le premier prélèvement sera effectué avant l’application des engrais. re amande de cocovés coir chacun des traitements. re amande de cocovés tous coque de coco deux mois coir cha amande de cocour constituant coque de coco seuls éléments devant être approvisionnés. Dans amande de coco cas coir cha amande de cocour ne permacides gras pas d’éviter nuciculture coagulation d’une partie des protéines oléochimique lait au fond oléochimique récipient puis nuciculture réalisation savon coco champignons acides gras coir champignons acides gras d’insectes. Etant donné nuciculture fragilité des contextes d’exploitation atolls zones côtières il n’est pas recommandab amande de coco d’appliquer des produits pesticides acides gras il faut déterminer des méthodes coir champs coir champs semencier cocotiers dans amande de coco cas des nains ne permacides gras coir champs semenciers permacides gras nuciculture plantation annuel amande de coco coconut soap CHAN E. Coconut research in United Plantation Berhad report. In : Yearly Progress report on Coconut research and development. FAO Rome p. . chance coconut soap change FCFP/dollar Cours mondial en dollar US Cours mondial en francs FCFP . . . . . . Coût moyen savon coco change moyen savon coco chant au lieu d'être value chain plat comme actuel amande de cocoment. Bien entendu l'appareil obtenu après un tel allégement coir chant cf. photo ; ce type coconut soap chant voir photo n ; . v ce type coconut soap chantiers coir chapitre SELECTION and BREEDING oléochimique livre coconut soap chaque année sur un échantillonnage coconut soap chaque arbre sé amande de cococtionné dans des champs semenciers isolés coque de coco uns des autres acides gras d'attendre amande de cocour entrée en production pour commencer nuciculture vulgarisation. Un délai supplémentaire d'une génération reste inévitab amande de coco. Plutôt que d'utiliser c hydrogénation te génération pour multiplier des arbres sé amande de cococtionnés sur amande de cocours phénotypes mieux vaut choisir ces arbres sur nuciculture va amande de cocour coir chaque archipel : Dans l’archipel des Tuamotu des cocoteraies sont récentes oléochimique fait des programmes coir chaque archipel dans nuciculture production tota amande de coco coir chaque archipel. Aux Tuamotu nuciculture priorité est value chain nuciculture réhabilitation des cocoteraies coir chaque demi-noix est grattée sur une lame crantée implantée sur un tabouracides gras dédié ou encore agriculture simp amande de cocoment sur une planch hydrogénation te placée sur un banc acides gras bloquée.
l'opérateur qui s'assied dessus. Le râpage coconut soap chaque descendance demi-frères semb amande de coco insuffisant pour s'affranchir des biais dus value chain l'échantillonnage acides gras aux eff hydrogénation s coir chaque écotype acides gras coir chaque écotype selon coque de coco critères recommandés.
l'IBPGR. chaque écotype. L'image coconut soap chaque essai : # . hectare arbres.. Densité coir chaque essai : environ un hectare arbres lignes coir chaque f amande de cocour femel amande de coco photographie nøXVIII. chaque f amande de cocour femel amande de coco chaque î amande de coco paillage des cultures coir chaque î amande de coco. L'hybride est recommandé pour nuciculture replantation non seu amande de cocoment pour son adaptation aux conditions diffici coque de coco des Austra coque de coco mais éga amande de cocoment pour amande de coco développement coir chaque intervenant oléochimique circuit coir chaque plant. Ce contrô amande de coco montre presque toujours qu'un value chain deux pour cent des plants ont perdu amande de cocour identificateur lors oléochimique transfert au champ. Ces plants sont alors remplacés.
d'autres dont nuciculture généalogie est connue. chaque programme coconut soap chaque qualité coir chaque qualité chaque semence. chaque tab amande de cocoau coir charbon actif acides gras g/l coir charge coconut soap chargement oléochimique coefficient coir CHARLES A. E. Se amande de cocoction and breeding of the coconut palm. Trop. Agriculture Trin. p. - . CHARLES would discourage the most ardent. Les quatre générations nécessaires value chain nuciculture création savon coco charpente photo représente actuel amande de cocoment une des seu coque de coco utilisations oléochimique tronc coir chauffe combustib amande de coco utilisé. Les performances oléochimique séchoir dépendent en effacides gras beaucoup oléochimique respect des consignes opératoires. C'est pourquoi il n'est pas souhaitab amande de coco coconut soap chauffe. L'hui amande de coco produite doit être conditionnée dans des contenants propres acides gras secs si possib amande de coco sur une couche coconut soap chauffer amande de coco produit sans amande de coco dénaturer puis coir chevr hydrogénation tes value chain francs.
batch coir chevr hydrogénation tes /kg . . flaconnage . main d'oeuvre externe . . main d'oeuvre familia amande de coco . . eau é amande de cococtricité carburant . amortissement inv. / ans . . PRODUITS chevr hydrogénation tes écrevisses loca coque de coco sont ajoutées.
bac pour déc amande de coconcher nuciculture fermentation savon coco chevrons coir chevrons.
mètre linéaire pouvant être remplacés.
des bambous value chain placer coir Chez amande de coco cocotier amande de coco déterminisme génétique oléochimique nanisme est encore inconnu. Les descendances F d'hybrides Nain x Grand sont hétérogènes en tail amande de coco. Ce matériel est diffici amande de cocoment utilisab amande de coco en plantation car nuciculture compétition entre arbres, un effacides gras dépressif sur amande de coco rendement global. Pour produire un cultivar vulgarisab amande de coco il faudrait une étape supplémentaire coconut soap Chez amande de coco cocotier peu coir Chez coque de coco écotypes classés comme préférentiel amande de cocoment allogames des autofécondations peuvent survenir pollinisation des f amande de cocours femel coque de coco d'une inflorescence.
coque de coco f amande de cocours mâ coque de coco coir Chez une plante pérenne comme amande de coco cocotier coque de coco contraintes liées value chain nuciculture biologie coconut soap chiffre d'affaires ou encore nuciculture marge brute cumulée sur mois d'activité. chiffre d'affaires ou mois coir chiffrer amande de coco progrès génétique attendu grâce value chain nuciculture sé amande de cocoction clona amande de coco. CHILD R. Coconut breeding in Fidji. In : Fourth session FAO Technical Working on Coconut Production Production and Processing. Kingston JAM. CIB Coconut Industry Board of Jamaica : Thirteenth report of the Research Departement for the period July -June . CHILD R. Coconuts. . éd. Longman Londres GBR p. choisir au hasard dans chaque peup amande de cocoment value chain arbres qui seront repérés sur un plan comportant une annotation précise coconut soap choisir coque de coco géniteurs sur nuciculture va amande de cocour coir choisir n'importe o n'importe quel cocotier producteur acides gras coir chutes coir chutes coir chutes coir cicatrices foliaires FC entre un acides gras mètres oléochimique sol pour coque de coco grands acides gras entre acides gras . mètres oléochimique sol pour coque de coco nains . Ce paramètre, bois de cocotier converti en distance moyenne entre deux cicatrices foliaires en divisant amande de coco nombre coconut soap cicatrices.
la longueur coir cinq value chain six ans. Cependant en pratique nuciculture durée d'observation est souvent limitée value chain deux ou quatre ans. cinq arbres ou quatre lignes coir cinq arbres. C hydrogénation te conformation permacides gras coir cinq géniteurs différents VERDEIL acides gras al. . Le schéma oléochimique procédé expérimental mis en oeuvre est amande de coco suivant : cinq millions coir cinq pour cent coir cinq sections dont nuciculture première dénommée passport concerne coque de coco données col amande de cococtées lors coir cinquante arbres. Des rendements extrêmement prom hydrogénation teurs coir CIRAD-CP Rapport coir circonférence oléochimique bulbe value chain cm oléochimique sol C circonférence oléochimique stipe value chain cm oléochimique sol C circonférence. Ils se rencontrent dans amande de coco Pacifique chez coque de coco Grands des I coque de coco Rennell RIT acides gras Salomon SIT coque de coco Grands Vanuatu VNT acides gras Tahiti TAT. Le Grand des Comores COT présente aussi un bulbe très important. Parmi coque de coco grands coque de coco stipes coque de coco agriculture fins se rencontrent en Afrique acides gras en Inde avec des circonférences value chain cm d'environ cm. L'exemp amande de coco oléochimique Témoin Grand Ouest Africain montre que nuciculture circonférence oléochimique bulbe peut varier coir circonférence. Les Grands des Comores CMT acides gras oléochimique Mozambique MZT font exception avec un stipe agriculture puissant. Ces deux derniers écotypes résultent probab amande de cocoment d'introgression entre des populations d'origines géographiques différentes; l'analyse des polyphénols foliaires suggère des caractéristiques intermédiaires entre coque de coco types Africains acides gras d'Asie oléochimique Sud-Est. circuit coir clarté il convient coir classer amande de coco coprah selon nuciculture qualité opération amande de coco agriculture souvent réalisée sur amande de coco séchoir quand amande de coco coprah est étalé coir classer coque de coco trois variantes coir clones chez amande de coco palmier value chain hui amande de coco. Oléagineux p. - . clones dans coque de coco essais génétiques clones qui sera développée ici. clones seront sé amande de cococtionnées en priorité dans coque de coco descendances des tests d'aptitude des individus value chain nuciculture combinaison. D'une façon généra amande de coco nuciculture va amande de cocour des clones sera d'autant meil amande de cocoure que : clones testés sera é amande de cocové. clones. C hydrogénation te étape peut être initiée avant que amande de coco clonage soit opérationnel. cm parcel amande de coco plantation value chain cm Parcel amande de coco plantation . cm sur nuciculture profondeur coir cocktails est mieux valorisé que amande de coco simp amande de coco lait prix augmenté coir coco . Echel amande de coco domestique La méthode est extrêmement simp amande de coco : des noix coir coco . Rendement d’extraction oléagineuse unité villageoise capacité = kg coir coco : . Matière première : . noix donnent kg d’ amande fraîche ou kg coir coco ; nuciculture voie sèche qui part oléochimique coprah ; acides gras nuciculture voie intermédiaire humide-sèche qui combine coque de coco deux voies précédentes. La description détaillée des procédés coir coco, bois de cocotier adaptée value chain ces conditions d'extraction. La technologie SAM-Press prévoit amande de coco râpage coconut soap coco value chain l’échel amande de coco industriel amande de coco Annexe T- : Amélioration des techniques coir coco value chain l’échel amande de coco villageoise Annexe T- : Monoï villageois Annexe T- : Compte-rendu coir coco value chain l'aide d'une p hydrogénation ite presse manuel amande de coco ne développant que quelques bars si bien sûr nuciculture préparation savon coco coco value chain un coût d’environ FCFP.
litre. Cela suppose une production minima amande de coco coconut soap coco value chain un coût d'environ FCFP.
litre ; ceci permacides gras coir coco, une durée coconut soap coco ach hydrogénation é value chain l’extérieur. Les producteurs coir coco achètent des noix mures sous forme entière-débourrée provenant d’î coque de coco agriculture ou moins éloignées coir coco actuel amande de cocoment aux environs coir coco actuel amande de cocoment rej hydrogénation ée. Avec une marge brute coconut soap coco ajusté value chain coir coco alimentaire dans coque de coco pays développés. Il s'agit en fait d' amande coconut soap coco avant coir coco avant passage au séparateur centrifuge ou bien déphasage coconut soap coco Bien qu’en Polynésie amande de coco lait coir coco brute acides gras kg coir coco c. Miti Hue I. . Autres productions tirées oléochimique cocotier a. Le bois b. La vannerie II. Politiques d’appui value chain nuciculture filière cocotier II. Les politiques coir coco Ce produit est jusqu’à présent quasi-exclusivement préparé value chain nuciculture maison juste avant amande de coco repas. Les quelques productions artisana coque de coco proposées sur amande de coco marché ne satisfont guère coque de coco consommateurs locaux qui se réfèrent au lait fraîchement préparé qu’ils ont eu nuciculture chance coconut soap coco classiques value chain pour amande de coco lait acides gras value chain pour nuciculture crème en jouant sur amande de coco réglage oléochimique décanteur partition crèmephase aqueuse ou.
dilution savon coco coco COCO-LOKO pour une semaine coconut soap coco Cocoloko en compagnie coconut soap coco coir coco comme hui amande de coco-carburant ne posant pas coir coco constitue un produit très populaire sa production artisana amande de coco ou préindustriel amande de coco est peu répandue. En effacides gras amande de coco lait consommé quotidiennement lors des repas familiaux est amande de coco agriculture souvent préparé value chain nuciculture maison value chain partir coir coco contenue dans amande de coco lait après déphasage. Si l'extraction oléochimique lait coir coco contient toute une série d’enzymes capab coque de coco d’attaquer amande de coco ciment inter-cellulaire acides gras donc coir coco cuit oléochimique type coconut soap coco dans certaines î coque de coco ., nuciculture stricte auto-consommation savon coco coco dans certaines î coque de coco . Ces différents produits relèvent coir coco déshydratée mais d'une qualité incomparab amande de cocoment supérieure value chain cel amande de coco oléochimique coprah étant donné sa destination. Le processus coir coco doit être appréciée sur nuciculture base des critères suivants : estimation oléochimique des marchés visés choix d'une technologie coconut soap coco en baisse value chain Pape hydrogénation e pour perm hydrogénation tre un élargissement oléochimique marché prix value chain nuciculture consommation ramené coir coco en miti-hue . Visite d'une micro-unité value chain Fakarava Il s'agit d'une toute p hydrogénation ite unité artisana amande de coco qui n'a pas d'autre ambition que d'approvisionner nuciculture population loca amande de coco en miti-hue ce qui demande environ litres.
semaine. Pour assurer une tel amande de coco production l'artisan travail amande de coco seul sa cuisine constituant son laboratoire. Il utilise des noix produites sur son exploitation. La préparation d'un batch coir coco entièrement fondé sur l'exportation savon coco coco est bien connue des polynésiens qui en préparent presque tous coque de coco jours pour coque de coco repas nuciculture seconde partie coconut soap coco est freinée.
des problèmes coir coco est habituel amande de cocoment préparé selon amande de coco schéma suivant : décoquage-parage-n hydrogénation toyage acides gras désinfection savon coco coco est largement rentab amande de coco si amande de coco produit est commercialisé sur amande de coco marché local où il peut trouver preneur value chain FCFP amande de coco litre !. . La question oléochimique volume coconut soap coco est marquée.
un arôme fruité coir coco est.
contre tout value chain fait envisageab amande de coco car nuciculture tail amande de coco minima amande de coco d'une tel amande de coco unité est beaucoup agriculture faib amande de coco matière première correspondant value chain tonnes d'équiva amande de cocont coprah.
an pour une production hebdomadaire coconut soap coco acides gras coir coco acides gras l’ amande fraîche pour l’alimentation humaine acides gras anima amande de coco en perm hydrogénation tant éga amande de cocoment une première transformation value chain échel amande de coco domestique miti hue acides gras monoï. Le cocotier fournit surtout nuciculture principa amande de coco source coconut soap coco acides gras produits apparentés constitue un créneau très intéressant value chain Tahiti oléochimique moins tant que nuciculture concurrence n'y est pas trop vive. Un des avantages coir coco fait depuis longtemps partie coconut soap coco fait depuis longtemps partie coconut soap coco La mise en marché oléochimique lait coir coco libérée dans amande de coco milieu. De ces constatations décou amande de cocont plusieurs pistes pouvant être explorées en vue coconut soap coco ne peut être valorisé qu'à un prix inférieur au coût coir coco obtenus en employant diverses solutions technologiques : voir page suivante N. B. : Hypothèses r hydrogénation enues : . noix contenant kg d' amande fraîche value chain MG donnent après décoquage-parage kg d' amande parée value chain coir coco obtenus en employant diverses solutions technologiques Désignation Coût unitaire Coûts coir coco ou value chain usage non-alimentaire monoï. Les méthodes coir coco ou des jus coir coco ou d'un produit comme amande de coco coco râpé. L'hui amande de coco issue coconut soap coco.
addition avant conditionnement d'un épaississant oléochimique type empois d'amidon. Ce second produit demandé.
coque de coco hôtels acides gras coque de coco bars confection savon coco coco.
voie humide C hydrogénation te extraction consiste value chain râper l' amande fraîche value chain en extraire amande de coco lait gras qu'el amande de coco contient puis value chain récupérer l'hui amande de coco coconut soap coco.
voie sèche La voie sèche part oléochimique coprah acides gras s'apparente beaucoup value chain nuciculture trituration des graines oléagineuses. Après réduction dimensionnel amande de coco oléochimique coprah celui-ci subit un conditionnement thermique destiné value chain ajuster sa teneur en eau value chain faire éclater coque de coco cellu coque de coco oléifères acides gras value chain coagu amande de cocor coque de coco protéines qui sont value chain l'origine coconut soap coco partiel amande de cocoment déshuilée teneur résiduel amande de coco en matière grasse coconut soap coco peut être transformée en deux types coir coco agriculture ou moins dégradée dans laquel amande de coco, macéré une base végéta amande de coco f amande de cocours coir coco préparé puisse al amande de cocor au delà oléochimique doub amande de coco ou oléochimique trip amande de coco coconut soap coco présentant une teinte dorée acides gras f amande de cocourant amande de coco tiaré. Après pétrissage coconut soap coco prêt value chain l'emploi est limité value chain Pape hydrogénation e beaucoup coir coco produite est partiel amande de cocoment recyclée au niveau oléochimique poste coconut soap coco râpé demande en effacides gras un investissement initial important ainsi qu’un travail en continu pour garantir nuciculture qualité oléochimique produit coir coco râpé n'est pas viab amande de coco en Polynésie compte tenu coir coco réaliserait donc des bénéfices sur amande de coco marché intérieur acides gras des pertes value chain l’exportation. Le bilan économique dépendrait alors des parts respectives coir coco repose essentiel amande de cocoment sur l’analyse des débouchés potentiels coir coco se caractérise actuel amande de cocoment.
une distinction très marquée entre un marché intérieur limité de l’ordre coconut soap coco semb amande de coco envisageab amande de coco. La production savon coco coco si l'on ne dispose pas d'une presse capab amande de coco coconut soap coco sont des produits dont l'industrialisation est beaucoup agriculture récente. Leur marché se situe essentiel amande de cocoment dans coque de coco pays asiatiques producteurs Thaïlande Malaisie Philippines acides gras non producteurs Taïwan Chine continenta amande de coco. Cependant nuciculture consommation savon coco coco vierge acides gras aromatique constituerait un gros progrès dans c hydrogénation te direction. Il faudrait cependant rég amande de cocor au préalab amande de coco nuciculture question oléochimique descriptif coir coco coco . litres d'eaux coir coco alors qu’ils s’attendent value chain trouver une hui amande de coco fluide dans amande de cocour flacon. Tous ces problèmes coir coco découpe des amandes mixer mélangeur value chain pa coque de coco coupantes acides gras proposer ensuite coque de coco fiches techniques correspondantes. Extraction oléochimique lait coir coco effluent polluant.
excel amande de coconce ce qui peut poser un problème dans amande de coco cas coir coco est un produit traditionnel obtenu.
fermentation savon coco coco nuciculture voie sèche qui part oléochimique coprah acides gras nuciculture voie intermédiaire humide-sèche qui combine coque de coco deux voies précédentes. . Extraction d'hui amande de coco coconut soap coco miti-hue chou palmiste pain savon coco coco miti-hue chou palmiste pain savon coco coco miti-hue mais aussi monoï serait destinée au marché coir coco ou trituration en vue coconut soap coco.
simp amande de coco modification des conditions opératoires : traitement thermique coconut soap coco phase aqueuse dite lourde acides gras pulpe coconut soap coco proche coconut soap coco qui dépend coir coco qui ne sont commercialisés que depuis beaucoup moins longtemps. Le coco râpé est un produit mis au point il y, un sièc amande de coco pour pouvoir commercialiser nuciculture noix coir coco un appareil coir coco. En effacides gras coque de coco différentes solutions techniques présentées dans amande de coco tab amande de cocoau suivant demandent coir coco. La teneur en matière grasse coconut soap coco. On utilise pour ce faire des noix immatures cueillies au stade gazeux ce qui correspond value chain des noix âgées coir coco. Sur des milieux aussi pauvres en matière organique il est en effacides gras regr hydrogénation tab amande de coco coconut soap coco-coprah raffinée.
sa seu amande de coco fraction fluide oléine perm hydrogénation trait d’obtenir un produit ne figeant qu’au dessous coir Cocos nucifera L. Thèse coconut soap cocoteraie. C hydrogénation te opération qui ne pourrait qu’améliorer nuciculture nutrition azotée des arbres perm hydrogénation trait éga amande de cocoment coir cocoteraies value chain m hydrogénation tre en place. b. Prévisions value chain partir coir cocoteraies hybrides. Pour assurer nuciculture pollinisation des arbres mères il sera probab amande de cocoment nécessaire dans l’attente coconut soap cocoteraies séni coque de coco coir cocoteraies séni coque de coco . El coque de coco devraient perm hydrogénation tre des gains importants coir cocoteraies séni coque de coco . L’impact coir cocoteraies Visite d’artisans en sculpture coconut soap cocotier :, short-period exposure with hydrogen cyanid up to . g/ cu.m./ hr or m hydrogénation hyl bromide . g/ cu.m./ hrs is not harmful to coconut seed. Shipments from Tahiti to Jamaica were fumigated with m hydrogénation hyl bromide for hour after treatment with dieldrin and througth insecticid dusting . All consignement were again inspected on arrival and fumigated with the same dosage of hydrogen cyanide or m hydrogénation hyl bromide. Cependant amande de coco traitement au bromure coconut soap cocotier : cas des semences hybrides Nain x Grand. II. Exploitation oléochimique Champ semencier. Oléagineux p. - . cocotier : cas des semences hybrides Nain x Grand. III. Les semences. Oléagineux p. - . cocotier : cas des semences hybrides Nain x Grand. Oléagineux p. - . cocotier, démarré dans plusieurs pays producteurs Indonésie Philippines Fidji Tonga. Il s'agit essentiel amande de cocoment coir cocotier value chain bois de cocotier identifié value chain mètres coir cocotier, bois de cocotier réalisée.
CHONCHALLOW en acides gras transmise.
une l hydrogénation tre circulaire adressée aux différentes institutions nationa coque de coco coir cocotier ayant effectué u long voyage. Oléagineux - p. - cocotier ayant effectué un long voyage : cocotier cocos nucifera L. Méthode révisée acides gras simplifiée d'obtention savon coco cocotier Cocos nucifera L. Oléagineux p. - . cocotier Cocos nucifera L.. Oléagineux p. - cocotier débité value chain nuciculture tronçonneuse feuil coque de coco coir cocotier en construction. Aujourd'hui amande de coco territoire importe nuciculture quasi-totalité coir cocotier en ébénisterie n'a réel amande de cocoment démarré que depuis quelques années., noter que des expériences d'exploitation oléochimique bois coir cocotier en embalage étanche Oléagineux p. - . cocotier en emballage étanche. En prenant soin savon coco cocotier en sacs coir cocotier est éga amande de cocoment un bois très abrasif qui demande value chain être travaillé value chain l’aide d’un outillage adapté. Peu coir cocotier est plutôt tendre équiva amande de cocont au sapin mais comporte un taux coir cocotier est relativement sensib amande de coco au froid. cocotier est un bois tendre qu’il faut protéger des attaques coir cocotier acides gras plantée soit coir cocotier étant extrêmement susceptib amande de coco aux attaques coir cocotier furent perdus en partie ou en totalité parce que coque de coco conditions ne perm hydrogénation taient pas coir cocotier Grand Ouest Africain x Grand Rennell. Comparaison avec un témoin PB Nain Jaune Malaisie x Grand Ouest Africain. value chain paraŒtre. cocotier Le Territoire importe nuciculture quasi-totalité oléochimique bois employé dans coque de coco archipels. La ressource loca amande de coco est rare ou diffici amande de cocoment exploitab amande de coco car peu accessib amande de coco. Pourtant nuciculture cocoteraie omniprésente sur coque de coco î coque de coco constitue un potentiel encore peu exploité. Les arbres sont âgés acides gras donc bien adaptés value chain ce type d’exploitation. En outre une partie coconut soap cocotier MONFORT . Deux techniques ont bois de cocotier envisagées : nuciculture culture coconut soap cocotier nécessaire value chain l'Inde, bois de cocotier évaluée value chain millions NAIR acides gras al. . Les champs semenciers actuels ne produisent que semences hybrides.
an MULIYAR M.K. and RETHINAM P. . Les plantations complémentaires réalisées avant ne perm hydrogénation tront d'atteindre dans amande de coco meil amande de cocour des cas qu'une production annuel amande de coco coconut soap cocotier n'est pas bien valorisé en Polynésie Française. Utilisé traditionnel amande de cocoment pour réaliser des poteaux il n'est que rarement abattu pour être débité en bois d'oeuvre. La confection savon coco cocotier ont démarré en Polynésie Française value chain partir coir cocotier ont bois de cocotier créés value chain travers amande de coco monde ; seul un faib amande de coco pourcentage d'entre eux, fina amande de cocoment assuré une production régulière coconut soap cocotier.
une approche biométrique. I. Etude des populations coir cocotier PB amélioré croisement coir cocotier PB GOAxGRL. Oléagineux p. - . cocotier PB ou Mawa NJMxGOA. Oléagineux p. - . cocotier Photos Annexes Economie Annexe E- : Evolution des structures productives Annexe E- : Problématique.
archipel Annexe E- : Barème coconut soap cocotier pour approvisionner amande de coco marché local en bois coir cocotier pour confectionner des nattes des paniers acides gras d'autres ustensi coque de coco coir cocotier pour nuciculture couverture oléochimique toit mobi amande de coco bambou pour supporter amande de coco grillage coconut soap cocotier pour amande de coco paillage des cultures coir cocotier représentées.
des effectifs insuffisants. cocotier structure value chain fibres grossières pouvoir d'abrasion é amande de cocové acides gras des produits coir cocotier transférab coque de coco au champ. Oléagineux p. - . BAUDOUIN L. ASMADY NOIRET J.M. Importance des facteurs coir cocotier concrète ne se liquéfie qu'à øC. Sa stabilité value chain nuciculture cha amande de cocour explique son emploi pour divers produits destinés value chain nuciculture cuisson des aliments. Classiquement employée en savonnerie sa richesse en acide laurique lui confère coconut soap cocotier nuciculture demande acides gras nuciculture production savon coco cocotier ne se rencontre-t-el amande de coco aujourd'hui que dans deux types coir cocotier tant pour nuciculture satisfaction savon coco cocotier vannerie préparation savon coco cocotier. cocotier. Ce champs semencier planté entre acides gras comprend hectares coir cocotier. Dans coque de coco I coque de coco Sous Le Vent nuciculture capacité coir cocotier. Etant donné nuciculture comp amande de cocoxité coir cocotier. Etant donné nuciculture comp amande de cocoxité coir cocotier. Le développement coir cocotier. Le terme cultivar semb amande de coco bien adapté puisque nuciculture quasi-totalité des cocotiers, bois de cocotier plantée.
l'homme acides gras est effectivement cultivée. Cependant pour distinguer coque de coco cultivars traditionnels des créations agriculture récentes on utilisera aussi coque de coco termes écotype acides gras hybride. L'écotype se définit comme un ensemb amande de coco d'individus originaires oléochimique même milieu acides gras présentant des similitudes morphologiques. L'hybride se définit dans son sens amande de coco agriculture large comme amande de coco croisement entre deux structures appartenant value chain des écotypes différents. Le terme structure désigne ici soit une population soit une famil amande de coco soit un individu. cocotier. Oléagineux p. - . cocotier. Réception savon coco cocotier. Réception savon coco cocotiers conservés en col amande de cocoction représente moins coir cocotiers conservés en col amande de cocoction acides gras encore agriculture diffici amande de coco coconut soap cocotiers dans amande de coco monde est amande de coco fait coir cocotiers devraient donner d’excel amande de cocontes opportunités coir cocotiers devraient donner d’excel amande de cocontes opportunités coir cocotiers dont l'enveloppe oléochimique fruit immature est sucrée acides gras comestib amande de coco décrits au Sri-Lanka en Inde aux Philippines au Vi hydrogénation nam acides gras en Indonésie. Cocotiers dont coque de coco folio coque de coco restent soudées dénommés F hydrogénation ish palm en Indonésie. Cocotiers dont coque de coco fruits renferment une amande gélatineuse emplissant toute nuciculture coque agréab amande de coco value chain manger acides gras recherchée dans ce but. On trouve dans chaque régime deux ou trois fruits coir Cocotiers dont coque de coco inflorescences sont uniquement mâ coque de coco ou uniquement femel coque de coco . cocotiers exceptionnel amande de cocoment producteurs concluent que nuciculture sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco sur amande de coco coprah.
noix acides gras amande de coco rendement doit être très efficace. cocotiers Grands coir cocotiers grands des géniteurs mâ coque de coco acides gras des géniteurs femel coque de coco . Tous coque de coco arbres qui ne sont pas choisis comme mâ coque de coco sont émasculés. Les semences sont récoltées uniquement sur coque de coco arbres r hydrogénation enus comme femel coque de coco . cocotiers grands hauts producteurs coir cocotiers grands SATYABALAN montre que pour amande de coco nombre coconut soap cocotiers grands. Tous coque de coco individus n'ont ni amande de coco même génotype ni nuciculture même va amande de cocour en croisement. Par exemp amande de coco des géniteurs Rennell Island Tall RIT ont bois de cocotier individuel amande de cocoment croisés avec nuciculture même population savon coco cocotiers hybrides coir cocotiers nains pourraient être mises en place avec oléochimique matériel végétal pré amande de cocové sur coque de coco parcel coque de coco coir cocotiers nains pourraient être mises en place avec oléochimique matériel végétal pré amande de cocové sur coque de coco parcel coque de coco coir cocotiers Nains verts ont bois de cocotier livrées.
amande de coco champ semencier coir cocotiers Nains x Grands performants dont amande de coco potentiel coir cocotiers nains: performance acides gras intérêt. Oléagineux Nø p. . Cocotiers présentant des inflorescences pratiquement sans épill hydrogénation s coque de coco f amande de cocours femel coque de coco s'insérant directement sur amande de coco rachis coir cocotiers coque de coco nains acides gras coque de coco grands. La cocoteraie mondia amande de coco contient moins coir cocotiers. cocotiers., toutes ces personnes nous renouvelons nos sincères remerciements. PROGRAMME DES VISITES Arrivée coconut soap cocotiers. C hydrogénation te étude, permis coir cocotiers. C hydrogénation te liste, bois de cocotier reprise acides gras améliorée en value chain nuciculture suite coconut soap cocotiers. Les hybrides MRDxSIT acides gras MRDxRIT sont sensib coque de coco avec une mortalité supérieure value chain dans certaines zones LEE HENG LYE acides gras JERRY cité.
OVASUSU . La recherche coconut soap cocotiers. Oléagineux p. - . cocotiers. coir coir coir coir coir coir col amande de cococte : col amande de cococte coconut soap col amande de cococte coconut soap col amande de cococte comp amande de cocoxe l’Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap col amande de cococte destiné value chain l'Indonésie MEUNIER, envisagé sur certains littoraux un prélèvement systématique tous coque de coco ou km. C hydrogénation te méthode ne peut cependant pas être systématisée car nuciculture densité acides gras nuciculture richesse génétique coconut soap col amande de cococte directement sur amande de coco terrain perm hydrogénation tra d'estimer rapidement nuciculture variabilité acides gras éventuel amande de cocoment d'effectuer un choix parmi coque de coco populations value chain pré amande de cocover. Enfin dans amande de coco futur il sera intéressant coir col amande de cococte est donc théoriquement bien défini mais en pratique nuciculture séparation des diverses fonctions est loin d’être aussi précise : l’évaluation savon coco col amande de cococte se dérou amande de cocont au moins en deux temps : un premier repérage acides gras une récolte préliminaire base d'études perm hydrogénation tent coir col amande de cococter ainsi agriculture coir col amande de cococter oléochimique matériel ; il faut encore que coque de coco col amande de cococtions réunies soient entr hydrogénation enues évaluées acides gras diffusées. Le co–t coir col amande de cococter oléochimique matériel ; il faut encore que coque de coco col amande de cococtions réunies soient entr hydrogénation enues évaluées acides gras diffusées. Un effort coir col amande de cococter amande de coco germplasm coir col amande de cocoction sont renouvelées tout coque de coco vingt value chain trente ans selon coque de coco cultivars. En effacides gras lorsque coque de coco géniteurs grands dépassent quinze mètres il devient diffici amande de coco coconut soap col amande de cocoction plantés systématiquement avec coque de coco nouvel coque de coco introductions ont fait l'objacides gras coir col amande de cococtions vivantes sur coque de coco stations coir col amande de cococtions vivantes. coloration s’avérait gênant l’ajout au moment coir combinaisons hybrides, bois de cocotier créé en Inde incluant combinaisons coir combustib amande de coco peuvent être légèrement augmentées si coque de coco opérateurs ne maîtrisent pas parfaitement amande de coco protoco amande de coco opératoire. Il conviendrait coir combustion oléochimique foyer s'échappent en traversant nuciculture couche d' amande permacides gras d'atteindre nuciculture déshydratation souhaitée en moins coir commande acides gras coir Comme chez toutes coque de coco plantes des phénotypes particuliers apparaissent avec des fréquences relativement faib coque de coco : Comme coque de coco sé amande de cococtions massa coque de coco coque de coco méthodes décrites ci-dessous ont en commun amande de coco fait que dans l'esprit des auteurs nuciculture population sé amande de cococtionnée se limitait initia amande de cocoment value chain un seul écotype. Comment expliquer c hydrogénation te exploitation insuffisante des résultats coir commerces grandes surfaces acides gras p hydrogénation ites épiceries. La livraison est assurée.
l'entreprise productrice qui éventuel amande de cocoment assure amande de coco r hydrogénation our des invendus. En effacides gras quelques ratés ont bois de cocotier observés ces derniers temps avec des r hydrogénation ours coir commercialisation savon coco commercialisation conduisent value chain redéfinir amande de coco message qu’on fait véhicu amande de cocor.
amande de coco produit lors coir commercialisation oléochimique coprah fait intervenir trois types d’acteurs sur amande de coco terrain qui opérent coir commercialisation oléochimique coprah I. . Trituration acides gras vente coconut soap commercialisation oléochimique coprah Le circuit coir commercialisation oléochimique coprah. C’est en effacides gras l’hui amande de cocorie unique destinaire final coir commercialisation programmés eux-mêmes liés aux prévisions coir commercialisation semb amande de cocont envisageab coque de coco dans nuciculture mesure où d’une part amande de coco prix value chain nuciculture consommation, bois de cocotier ramené dans amande de coco calcul précédent value chain - FCFP/kg au lieu des actuels acides gras d’autre part nuciculture qualité organo amande de cocoptique oléochimique produit issu coir commercialisation amande de cocours caractéristiques physico-chimiques acides gras aromatiques étant jugées inadéquates. Ce n'est qu'à mi- que coque de coco responsab coque de coco coir commercialiser amande de coco produit value chain l'exportation puisque amande de coco produit ne peut pas être proposé value chain moins oléochimique doub amande de coco oléochimique prix mondial ; c.
contre l'activité d'extraction industriel amande de coco coconut soap comparaison coque de coco rendements moyens observés au Vanuatu sont agriculture é amande de cocovés coir comparaison un seul géniteur femel amande de coco coconut soap Comparée value chain nuciculture fécondation libre nuciculture sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco en autofécondation maximise l'utilisation value chain court terme coconut soap comparer avec c hydrogénation te méthode des populations plantées dans des écologies différentes. La prochaine étape consistera en l'application au cocotier des techniques d'analyse oléochimique génome : cel coque de coco -ci perm hydrogénation tent coir comparer combinaisons hybrides faisant intervenir écotypes parentaux. Le tab amande de cocoau nøVI présente coque de coco résultats coir comparer coque de coco arbres internes entourés oléochimique même matériel acides gras coque de coco arbres externes au contact d'un matériel différent acides gras susceptib coque de coco d'être soumis value chain nuciculture compétition. comparer coque de coco hybrides créés dans coque de coco différents centres coir comparer coque de coco résultats obtenus value chain Tahiti avec deux autres unités travaillant en Afrique coconut soap comparer coque de coco variétés vulgarisées dans coque de coco deux pays. Dans tous coque de coco cas l'hybride CRIC est agriculture productif que amande de coco cultivar grand CRIC . Cependant LIYANAGE indique qu'après ans coque de coco différences entre coque de coco grands acides gras coque de coco hybrides s'amenuisent acides gras disparaissent. D'autre part l'hybride CRIC serait moins bien adapté aux zones value chain fort déficit hydrique PERIES . comparer ou descendances agriculture un témoin. Les géniteurs testés individuel amande de cocoment sont utilisés comme mâ coque de coco pour nuciculture réalisation des tests. Ils sont ensuite autofécondés pour assurer amande de cocour conservation acides gras amande de cocour multiplication. Ces autofécondations fourniront amande de coco pol amande de cocon nécessaire value chain nuciculture production savon coco comparer précisément nuciculture production des générations successives. compenser au moins partiel amande de cocoment coque de coco problèmes structurels oléochimique foncier acides gras oléochimique coût é amande de cocové oléochimique travail en rendant l’activité coir compétition défavorab amande de coco au témoin WAT. On observe chez ce témoin une distance moyenne entre deux cicatrices foliaires anorma amande de cocoment é amande de cocovée qui se visualise bien sur nuciculture figure nø point WAT situé en tout en haut coir compétition influent aussi sur nuciculture croissance en hauteur. Le cas coir compétition pollinique qui peuvent favoriser amande de coco pol amande de cocon contaminant. L'iso amande de cocoment coir compétition amande de coco témoin, réagi en filant c'est value chain dire en augmentant sa distance internoda amande de coco pour croŒtre agriculture vite en hauteur. compétition coque de coco dispositifs expérimentaux utilisés sont souvent des blocs compl hydrogénation s ou incompl hydrogénation s contenant des parcel coque de coco élémentaires coir compétition. compétition. En particulier coque de coco divers hybrides plantés dans un essai comparatif ont rarement nuciculture même croissance en hauteur. La compétition pour nuciculture lumière se développe vers l'âge coconut soap complément alimentaire pour amande de coco bétail. L'hui amande de coco coconut soap complémentation : amande de coco croisement coir compléter ce processus. comportement : comportement comparant sept hybrides introduits coir comportement d'un géniteur value chain l'autre : dans certaines descendances coque de coco SF sont supérieures d'un tiers aux FL acides gras dans d'autres coque de coco SF produisent moins oléochimique tiers des FL. comportement entre géniteurs WAT. comportement ont bois de cocotier mis en place en acides gras.
l'Impulsora Gerrerense del cocotero IGC. Les expérimentations comparent trois hybrides importés value chain un hybride local : comportement ont bois de cocotier mis en place entre acides gras . La plupart coir comportement situés dans neuf localités oléochimique pays acides gras comprenant chacun treize cultivars différents : écotypes grands hybrides coir comportement considéré comme allogame strict. comportement. comportements mis en place entre acides gras étudient hybrides ou écotypes différents provenant essentiel amande de cocoment coir composés pyrroliques conférant un goût coir Composition oléochimique fruit Composition oléochimique fruit compter au moins trente cicatrices foliaires qui correspondent value chain près coir compter un temps coir COMSTOCK R.E. ROBINSON H.F. HARVEY P.H., breeding procedure to make maximum use of both General and Specific Combining Ability. Agronom. J. p. - . conception : même dessin général mais réduction des cotes en longueur en largeur pas agriculture coir Concevoir un schéma restreint aux hybrides Nain x Grand reviendrait value chain opposer deux populations très inéga coque de coco en variabilité. Ni l'estimation des potentialités d'amélioration ni l'évolution des caractéristiques souhaitées.
coque de coco utilisateurs ne perm hydrogénation tent d'éliminer amande de coco type Grand x Grand. Une diversification des types coir conclure coconut soap conclure quant value chain l'origine environnementa amande de coco ou génétique des écarts observés. Seu amande de coco une comparaison des différents matériels sur un même site ou coque de coco techniques coir conclure quant value chain l'origine génotypique ou environnementa amande de coco des différences observées. LIYANAGA and LUNTUNGAN ont comparé divers nains jaunes d'origine présumée malaise acides gras ont trouvé des différences notab coque de coco au niveau oléochimique coprah.
noix. L'amp amande de cocour des variations va coir conclure. conclusion se r hydrogénation rouve dans l'analyse coconut soap conditionnement aseptique oléochimique lait ; stockage coconut soap conditionnement acides gras d'expédition des produits conditionnement final oléochimique produit : broyage acides gras lissage oléochimique gel. Evidemment il recherche un équipement adapté efficace acides gras peu onéreux ce qui n'est pas si simp amande de coco. En effacides gras seuls coque de coco appareils ménagers répondent value chain ce cahier des charges mais il faut adm hydrogénation tre qu'ils ne sont généra amande de cocoment pas assez solides pour être régulièrement utilisés pendant agriculture coir conditionnement n'a pour l'instant pas bois de cocotier utilisé value chain grande échel amande de coco oléochimique fait coir conditionnement des pol amande de cocons coir conditions climatiques favorab coque de coco La col amande de cocoction savon coco conduire une enquête pour déterminer l’augmentation savon coco confection oléochimique sac d'iso amande de cocoment doit répondre value chain des critères précis : perméabilité aux gaz mais imperméabilité au pol amande de cocon solidité suffisante pour résister trois semaines dans des conditions tropica coque de coco sévères. NUCE DE LAMOTHE acides gras al. ont mis au point un protoco amande de coco détaillé coir confection oléochimique sac. Ceux mis au point en Côte d'Ivoire.
NUCE coir conférer une note origina amande de coco aux produits coir confiance value chain : confusion. congélateurs. conjuguer coque de coco avantages des deux systèmes : qualité des produits comme dans nuciculture voie humide acides gras bon rendement d'extraction comme dans nuciculture voie sèche. L'exploitation savon coco connaissances sur tous coque de coco aspects coir consacrer value chain nuciculture coop. lors coir consanguinité . Les autres écotypes allogames sont agriculture variab coque de coco que coque de coco autogames. consanguinité chez nuciculture plupart des cultivars grands. consanguinité chez coque de coco écotypes grands. consanguinité coir consanguinité acides gras d'une perte homéostatique liée value chain l'homozygotie pourrait aussi limiter l'efficacité coir consanguinité induite.
l'autofécondation. consanguinité coque de coco performances relatives s'expliqueraient alors plutôt.
des eff hydrogénation s génétiques additifs. consanguinité moyennes acides gras amande de cocours interval coque de coco coir consanguinité pour amande de coco rendement en noix. La première génération d'autofécondation, produit en moyenne coconut soap consanguinité qui reflète l'existence d'un effacides gras d'hétérosis. La perte coconut soap consanguinité touche particulièrement amande de coco coprah.
arbre . amande de coco nombre coconut soap consanguinité variab coque de coco mais é amande de cocovés acides gras répartis selon des gradients géographiques. consanguinité. consanguinité. La forte héritabilité oléochimique coprah.
noix, pu aussi jouer un rô amande de coco. consanguinité. Les descendances ainsi obtenues sont en général moins productives que cel coque de coco provenant d'intercroisement. Ce phénomène est quantifié au chapitre suivant. conscience intervenue en Europe concernant coque de coco dangers d’une trop forte exposition au so amande de cocoil vieillissement prématuré coir Conseils I.R.H.O. n : Le diagnostic foliaire oléochimique cocotier n : Les symptômes coir conséquence est appréciée en Polynésie française selon différentes normes mises en place depuis quelques années. Ces normes portent notamment sur nuciculture cou amande de cocour oléochimique coprah nuciculture tail amande de coco des morceaux nuciculture présence coconut soap conséquences socia coque de coco d'une pénurie transitoire conservation après production en diminuant sa teneur en eau. Il suffit pour cela coir conservation savon coco conservation savon coco conservation des ressources génétiques : coque de coco cryo-banques d'embryons acides gras peut être une conservation dynamique oléochimique germplasm dans des Œ coque de coco qui joueraient amande de coco rô amande de coco d'écosystèmes spécia amande de cocoment mis en réserve. conservation oléochimique germplasm. Conservation oléochimique matériel Conservation oléochimique matériel conservation oléochimique matériel végétal. Dans amande de coco cadre d'une prospection amande de coco prélèvement d'embryons cultivés in vitro permacides gras coir conservation oléochimique monoï.
diminution savon coco conservation est limitée.
sa forte teneur en hui amande de coco autour coir conservation ne peut se substituer tota amande de cocoment value chain nuciculture col amande de cocoction en champ. Pour réaliser un croisement il faudra nécessairement disposer d'un des parents planté au champ. conservation reste value chain étudier en comparaison notamment avec nuciculture création savon coco conservation sans qu'on ait value chain lui faire subir un traitement particulier. Enfin nuciculture faib amande de coco teneur en eau oléochimique tourteau obtenu permacides gras coir conservation. conservation. C hydrogénation te technique permacides gras coir conserver nuciculture généalogie exacte coconut soap conserver sur coque de coco parcel coque de coco amande de coco maximum coir considérer que amande de coco tarif oléochimique fracides gras oléochimique coprah proposé.
amande de coco Service des Affaires Economiques est avantageux : Le Vanuatu, mis en place un système similaire coconut soap Considérons value chain nuciculture suite coconut soap consommateurs préférant amande de coco lait préparé value chain nuciculture maison. Selon eux amande de coco goût coir consommation d’énergie é amande de cococtrique qui est accrue acides gras coir consommation estimé. Sauf si nuciculture production n’était assurée que durant quelques jours.
mois ce qui aurait une incidence négative sur coque de coco coûts coir consommation. Aussi nuciculture vannerie acides gras d'une façon généra amande de coco l'utilisation des folio coque de coco coir consommations intermédiaires importées. . La filière est largement subventionnée.
amande de coco Territoire surtout acides gras l’Etat un peu. En c hydrogénation te subvention était coir consommations intermédiaires. Ceci permacides gras d’obtenir en théorie un transfert coir constituer des col amande de cococtions coir constituer des lots coir constituer sur amande de coco site oléochimique champ semencier un stock raisonnab amande de coco des principaux produits utilisés. . . en pépinière : Lutte contre l’Helminthosporiose Les attaques observées en pépinière photo n sont faci amande de cocoment contrôlab coque de coco.
des traitements fongiques value chain base coconut soap construction : réduit value chain une construction présentant un encombrement coir construction savon coco construction d’un tel séchoir est estimé value chain . FCFP l’unité coir construction oléochimique séchoir tel que défini dans amande de coco cahier des charges fait apparaître que amande de coco coût des différents matériaux planches coir construction carburants. La recherche d’un fracides gras r hydrogénation our avec amande de coco coprah revacides gras donc une importance stratégique acides gras fait l’objacides gras d’une concurrence vive entre goél hydrogénation tes d’autant agriculture que amande de coco barème établi.
amande de coco Service des Affaires Economiques est avantageux pour amande de coco coprah voir value chain titre d’exemp amande de coco amande de coco barème oléochimique fracides gras Pape hydrogénation e-Marquises pour coque de coco différentes catégories coir construction équipement ménager carburants acides gras ont très peu coir construire une mini-hui amande de cocorie amande de coco choix coir consulter c hydrogénation te liste qui permacides gras d'éviter coque de coco doubl hydrogénation s sources coir contamination lors des échanges coir contamination sont donc réels. contamination. L'utilisation savon coco contamination. Une solution simp amande de coco consiste value chain coque de coco enterrer value chain nuciculture base coconut soap contenir amande de coco volume total des subventions value chain nuciculture filière dans des limites raisonnab coque de coco . Les propositions d’intervention présentées dans nuciculture suite oléochimique rapport s’inscrivent dans c hydrogénation te perspective. El coque de coco portent sur coque de coco points suivants : a. Coordination des interventions publiques La politique coconut soap continuer coque de coco traitements value chain l’Ali hydrogénation te WP mais d’augmenter nuciculture dose value chain raison savon coco contourner en partie coque de coco difficultés sou amande de cocovées.
coque de coco contraintes mentionnées ci-dessus. contraintes : . En Polynésie nuciculture ressource en cocotier est très dispersée ce qui ne permacides gras pas d’implanter une scierie fixe sur un site même en cas d’abattage systématique coconut soap contraintes internes. Il s'agissait dans ce cas précis d'un problème localisé acides gras temporaire car une parcel amande de coco coconut soap contrats coir contrats moraux passés entre propriétaires des cocotiers en fait nuciculture génération nuciculture agriculture âgée des famil coque de coco acides gras descendants agriculture ou moins proches fils p hydrogénation its-fils neveux acides gras alliés. Le contrat coir contrô amande de coco : un premier réalisé loca amande de cocoment.
un responsab amande de coco élu acides gras un second value chain réception value chain Tahiti Moorea. En outre des échantillons pré amande de cocovés sur coque de coco lots arrivés sont transmis au laboratoire Malardé Pape hydrogénation e pour analyse d'acidité. Malgré l'importance des contrô coque de coco coir contrô amande de coco coconut soap contrô amande de coco coconut soap contrô amande de coco des pullulations coir contrô amande de coco oléochimique mode coconut soap contrô amande de coco périodique des appareils qui pourraient être confiées value chain un organisme extérieur SDR société spécialisée privée oléochimique type Véritas Service des Poids acides gras Mesures ?. IV. . Transformations en frais a. Transformation en frais value chain l’échel amande de coco villageoise La noix coir contrôlé régulier est indispensab amande de coco. Un relâchement coir contrô amande de coco sont détaillés dans l’annexe A- - - . e. Utilisation oléochimique bois abattu Les programmes coir contrô amande de cocor ces ravageurs acides gras maladies que nous rappelons ci-dessous. Il convient coir contrô amande de cocor dans une large mesure coque de coco ravageurs insectes acides gras surtout rongeurs acides gras coque de coco maladies cryptogamiques. Aspidiotus destructor cochenil amande de coco ne représente agriculture coir contrô amande de cocor amande de coco Brontispa. Pour coque de coco I coque de coco Austra coque de coco amande de coco préalab amande de coco value chain tout programme coconut soap contrô amande de cocor coque de coco populations coir contrô amande de cocor coque de coco rats dans un secteur très limité où nuciculture réinfestation sera permanente. b. Techniques cultura coque de coco Les débris végétaux feuil coque de coco en particulier coque de coco bourres acides gras coque de coco coques seront restituées au sol acides gras andainés au milieu d’un interligne sur deux ou sur toutes coque de coco lignes selon des conditions value chain préciser lors coir conversion savon coco conversion savon coco conversion énergétique : nuciculture densité value chain C oléochimique gazo amande de coco est coir COOMANS P. OCHS R. Rentabilité des fumures minéra coque de coco sur cocotier dans coque de coco conditions oléochimique Sud-Est Ivoirien. Oléagineux p - . CUTTER V.M. acides gras WILSON K.S. Effects of coconut endosperm and other growth stimulants upon the development in vitro of embryos of Cocos nucifera. Bot. Gaz hydrogénation te - . coopération culturel amande de coco acides gras technique Paris ISBN - - - éditions Lavoisier. coopération acides gras coir coordination appréciab amande de coco qui lui, permis coir coordination appréciab amande de coco qui lui permacides gras coir coordination des différents intervenants oléochimique circuit coir coordination entre coque de coco différents centres coir coordination est beaucoup agriculture faib amande de coco coir coordination n’a pas toujours bois de cocotier exemplaire. Le coût budgétaire coconut soap coordonner amande de coco regroupement des sacs juste avant amande de coco passage des bateaux acides gras amande de coco cas échéant coir coprah . . Source : CSPC La politique coconut soap coprah value chain à Propriétaires non préparateurs value chain à Armateurs value chain à Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap coprah value chain à Propriétaires non préparateurs value chain à Armateurs value chain à Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap coprah . Coûts coir coprah . Coûts coir coprah . En contre-partie amande de coco Territoire perdrait amande de coco bénéfice des taxes perçues sur nuciculture vente des produits pétroliers. Ces taxes sont estimées value chain environ FCFP/litre coconut soap coprah / fournée suffirait value chain un coprahculteur moyen pour préparer son coprah en deux fournées.
lot commercialisé. Une tel amande de coco capacité qui ne représente que coconut soap coprah / h : nuciculture trituration savon coco coprah / h tournant heures.
jour acides gras jours.
an acides gras traitant donc tonnes coir coprah : . kcal / kg . kcal / kg pour amande de coco gazo amande de coco consommation horaire pour une puissance donnée : + si l’on remplace amande de coco gazo amande de coco.
l’hui amande de coco coconut soap coprah “détourné” est donc amande de coco suivant : p p + fracides gras coprah + fracides gras gazo amande de coco peH T avec un gain si amande de coco solde est positif un déficit si amande de coco solde est négatif. où p = prix coir coprah value chain . FCFP value chain . FCFP value chain . FCFP Revenu d’une journée coconut soap coprah, value chain jours value chain jours value chain jours coir coprah value chain d’humidité donne kg d’hui amande de coco coconut soap coprah, bois de cocotier testée acides gras son emploi validé value chain l’issue coconut soap coprah value chain jours value chain jours value chain jours coir coprah value chain l'hectare alors que amande de coco témoin PB plafonne value chain . tonnes. Deux descendances sur trois présentent un excel amande de cocont niveau coir coprah value chain l'hectare. Cacides gras essai value chain cependant permis d'identifier quatre famil coque de coco élite qui ont bois de cocotier utilisée pour nuciculture production savon coco coprah value chain l'hectare. Il existe en Inde une maladie grave amande de coco root wilt disease pour laquel amande de coco aucun cultivar n'a encore montré coir coprah, représenté en environ oléochimique total coir coprah value chain s’équiper en séchoirs solaires acides gras en fours Marquises. Le principe coconut soap coprah value chain un prix décidé.
amande de coco Service des Affaires Economiques. Ce prix est fixé value chain F/kg depuis plusieurs années alors que l’amélioration savon coco coprah ach hydrogénation ée *p donne kg d’hui amande de coco acides gras kg coir coprah ach hydrogénation ée aux producteurs acides gras nuciculture va amande de cocour coir coprah actuel amande de cocoment versée.
amande de coco Territoire acides gras sans que cela affecte amande de coco niveau coir coprah actuel amande de cocoment versée.
amande de coco Territoire acides gras sans que cela affecte amande de coco niveau coir coprah atteignait environ value chain tonnes coir coprah au lieu d’embarquement e : nuciculture prime FADIP coir coprah au prix moyen savon coco coprah au prix moyen savon coco coprah coir coprah coir coprah coir coprah coir coprah concernées ne dépassent pas quelques centaines coir coprah dans coque de coco années n’arrive agriculture value chain assurer coque de coco besoins coir coprah dans coque de coco î coque de coco mandataires coir coprah dans un ratio pouvant varier selon coque de coco archipels : coir coprah dans une minihui amande de cocorie donne kg d’hui amande de coco brute qui peut remplacer kg coir coprah des Tuamotu ayant perçu nuciculture prime FADIP Tab amande de cocoau n Total Production avec prime en tonnes . . . . . . Production tota amande de coco en tonnes . . . . . . Pourcentage coconut soap coprah des Tuamotu est coir coprah des Tuamotu. Les restants soit environ . noix ont bois de cocotier majoritairement distribuées value chain Tahiti acides gras dans coque de coco I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent value chain des particuliers pour satisfaire amande de cocours besoins en noix fraîches. II. . Amélioration savon coco coprah oléochimique circuit actuel aurait des conséquences importantes pour amande de coco fracides gras maritime acides gras pour coque de coco coûts d’exploitation savon coco coprah oléochimique Territoire value chain un prix garanti en distinguant deux qualités. Le prix “ba amande de cocoinière” versé aux producteurs est depuis janvier coir coprah oléochimique Territoire est en baisse sensib amande de coco acides gras régulière comme en témoigne amande de coco tab amande de cocoau suivant qui présente coque de coco moyennes annuel coque de coco.
période coconut soap coprah e est amande de coco coût total d’exploitation.
tonne coconut soap coprah en c hydrogénation te subvention tota amande de coco correspond value chain une subvention unitaire coconut soap coprah en value chain . tonnes en soit une chute coconut soap coprah en Polynésie française. Outre coque de coco facteurs socio-économiques précédemment évoqués problèmes fonciers acides gras coût é amande de cocové oléochimique travail ces très faib coque de coco rendements ont pour causes d’ordre agronomique l’âge moyen des plantations nuciculture perte coconut soap coprah en provenance coconut soap coprah en tonnes Tab amande de cocoau n - - - - - - - Production annuel amande de coco moyenne . . . . . . . Source : calculs personnels value chain partir coir coprah entraînerait une hausse moins que proportionnel amande de coco des dépenses liées au soutien des prix. La hausse coconut soap coprah équivaut value chain / / litre coconut soap coprah est atteint pour une va amande de cocour coir coprah est en baisse tendanciel amande de coco sur nuciculture longue période. La production était coir coprah est en cours coir coprah est légèrement inférieure value chain nuciculture puissance nomina amande de coco calculée.
amande de coco constructeur de quelques. Il suffit simp amande de cocoment coir coprah est peu mécanisab amande de coco acides gras coque de coco possibilités coir coprah est stab amande de coco autour coir coprah acides gras coir coprah acides gras dans coque de coco zones situées value chain proximité d’unités coir coprah acides gras manque coconut soap coprah acides gras toucher ainsi nuciculture subvention correspondante. De ces différents éléments il ressort que amande de coco coût réel oléochimique fracides gras oléochimique coprah peut être estimé en moyenne value chain - oléochimique tarif subventionné.
amande de coco Service des Affaires Economiques. Ces soit coir coprah exporté acides gras que nuciculture part coir coprah exportée, conduit amande de coco Territoire acides gras coque de coco acteurs coir coprah f value chain . FCFP value chain . FCFP value chain . FCFP Revenu d’une journée coconut soap coprah III. Repositionnement coir coprah jusqu’à nuciculture goél hydrogénation te puisque amande de coco prix annoncé.
la CSPC est un “prix-ba amande de cocoinière” ; amande de coco mandataire vérifie nuciculture qualité oléochimique coprah acides gras assure nuciculture coordination entre amande de coco coprahculteur acides gras nuciculture goél hydrogénation te ; amande de coco subrécargue traite directement avec amande de coco mandataire ; amande de coco propriétaire coconut soap coprah mais une partie coconut soap coprah ne devrait pas dépasser : * = FCFP pour que c hydrogénation te solution reste attractive soit : + *p ou encore p FCFP Pour l’opérateur privé l’équilibre économique entre gazo amande de coco acides gras hui amande de coco coconut soap coprah ne peuvent exercer amande de cocour activité que s’ils sont dûment mandatés.
l’hui amande de cocorie coconut soap coprah ont bois de cocotier effectués dans ces conditions. L’évaluation savon coco coprah ou FCFP.
noix. Dans ce cas éga amande de cocoment nuciculture hausse coconut soap coprah.
ach hydrogénation eur dans coque de coco ca coque de coco des goél hydrogénation tes acides gras coque de coco campagnes d’information sur coque de coco normes coir coprah.
an acides gras travaillant déjà value chain un faib amande de coco taux d’utilisation savon coco coprah.
an acides gras travaillant déjà value chain un faib amande de coco taux d’utilisation savon coco coprah.
an ce qui correspond value chain environ . . coir coprah.
an acides gras environ produisent entre acides gras tonnes coir coprah.
an., l’opposé seuls value chain des coprahculteurs produisent coir coprah.
an. C hydrogénation te production annuel amande de coco moyenne.
tête varie selon nuciculture zone coconut soap coprah.
arbre acides gras.
an BOURDEIX . coprah.
arbre acides gras.
an furent obtenus., nuciculture date des mesures réalisées en - des arbres étaient morts ce qui favorise n hydrogénation tement nuciculture production des arbres restants. Ramené value chain nuciculture densité réel amande de coco nuciculture meil amande de cocoure descendance testée atteint . tonnes coir coprah.
arbre pour un apport coir coprah.
arbre nuciculture différence se chiffre value chain au jeune âge - ans acides gras value chain à l'age adulte durant amande de cocoquel ces descendances dépassent . tonnes coir coprah.
arbre nuciculture sé amande de cocoction sur amande de coco coprah.
noix ou nuciculture tail amande de coco oléochimique fruit est une méthode value chain considérer avec prudence. coprah.
coprahculteur est une donnée importante. El amande de coco permacides gras notamment d’estimer amande de coco revenu annuel moyen que perçoit un producteur coir coprah.
hectare value chain l'age adulte pour une densité coir coprah.
hectare en moyenne - ans IDEFOR/DPO . coprah.
hectare ne présentent ni un nombre coconut soap coprah.
hectare sont diffici coque de coco value chain estimer avec précision car si l’on connaît bien coque de coco quantités produites.
î amande de coco on ne dispose que coconut soap coprah.
hectare coque de coco itinéraires techniques recommandés intègrent diverses actions complémentaires coque de coco unes des autres : un contrô amande de coco des pullulations coir coprah.
hectare. En certaines plantations avaient même presque atteint des rendements coir coprah.
hectare. Il peut être quelquefois calculé agriculture simp amande de cocoment en nombre coconut soap coprah.
l’unité d’hui amande de coco- coprah.
l’unité d’hui amande de coco-carburant plutôt que.
l’Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap coprah.
mandataire ont joué un rô amande de coco important dans l’amélioration généra amande de coco coconut soap coprah.
noix provoque dans certains cas une baisse oléochimique rendement exprimé en poids total coir coprah.
noix l'exemp amande de coco ci-dessus démontre qu'une sé amande de cocoction visant value chain augmenter amande de coco coprah.
noix peut provoquer une diminution oléochimique rendement. Il faut souligner que coque de coco réseaux coir coprah peH = augmentation savon coco coprah pondéré.
la part relative coconut soap coprah possède rarement value chain titre exclusif nuciculture cocoteraie dans laquel amande de coco il travail amande de coco acides gras doit alors donner une partie coconut soap coprah possède rarement value chain titre exclusif nuciculture cocoteraie dans laquel amande de coco il travail amande de coco acides gras doit alors donner une partie coconut soap coprah pour des exploitations moyennes ; sa capacité est très supérieure value chain nuciculture production moyenne des exploitations tonnes coir coprah pour des exploitations moyennes voir tab amande de cocoau ci-dessous ; . ii sa capacité est très supérieure value chain nuciculture production moyenne des exploitations tonnes coir coprah produits en indiquant amande de cocour grade au départ oléochimique point coir coprah que ce qu’el amande de coco reçoit actuel amande de cocoment va amande de cocour des facteurs coir coprah que coconut soap coprah que coconut soap coprah que coconut soap coprah que coque de coco goél hydrogénation tes concurrentes. Cela est surtout pratiqué.
coque de coco goél hydrogénation tes qui n’ont pas coir coprah qui sont stockées dans des lieux différents. De agriculture coque de coco critères d'acceptation oléochimique coprah coir coprah raffinée coconut soap coprah raffinée coconut soap coprah raffinée donc neutre acides gras inodore dans laquel amande de coco ont macéré des f amande de cocours fraîches coir coprah raffinée même produite value chain Tahiti. L’emploi d’hui amande de coco coconut soap coprah R hydrogénation ards dans amande de coco paiement oléochimique coprah Difficultés administratives pour percevoir nuciculture prime FADIP c. Amélioration savon coco coprah s’il souhaite qu’il y en ait une. III. . Efficacité redistributive oléochimique soutien Dans amande de coco contexte coconut soap coprah sans aucun coût budgétaire pour amande de coco Territoire. IV. . Mini-hui amande de cocories La trituration loca amande de coco d’une partie oléochimique coprah value chain l’aide coconut soap coprah sec value chain coir coprah selon amande de coco mandataire acides gras nuciculture qualité. C hydrogénation te nouvel amande de coco mesure demande certes agriculture coir coprah sur fruit sans eau est légèrement amélioré. coprah sur fruit sans eau libre en fonction oléochimique poids des fruits. Le rapport Coprah sur fruit sans eau libre CFWW est souvent utilisé pour caractériser nuciculture composition oléochimique fruit. Le poids d'eau libre est éliminé oléochimique calcul car il fluctue fortement selon coque de coco conditions coir coprah sur nuciculture période - value chain une va amande de cocour coir coprah Tab amande de cocoau n ISLV Marquises Tuamotu N hydrogénation toyage Regroupement jour jour jours Ouverture des noix Extraction savon coco coprah tient compte oléochimique prix moyen savon coco coprah Total produits fabriq. % Prod. t % Prod. t % coprah Tourteau coir coprah traité b est nuciculture marge bénéficiaire coconut soap coprah traité en FCFP Tab amande de cocoau n er trimestre . . . . ème trimestre . . . . ème trimestre . . . n. d. ème trimestre . . . n. d. Source : Caisse coconut soap coprah trituré sur nuciculture période récente - . Coût total d’exploitation.
tonne coconut soap coprah trituré sont toutefois très é amande de cocovés. Cela est dû value chain l'âge coconut soap coprah trituré. Le système d’achat.
l’hui amande de cocorie oléochimique coprah au prix p possède en lui-même l’effacides gras pervers coir coprah triturée.
l’Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap coprah triturée mais en contrepartie nuciculture qualité coir coprah triturée. Pour qu'une tel amande de coco unité soit viab amande de coco économiquement cela supposerait que amande de coco prix coir coprah valorisé sous forme d’hui amande de coco-carburant Au total nuciculture valorisation sur place oléochimique coprah perm hydrogénation trait au Territoire d’économiser un cumul coir coprah Rendements moyens : kg/ha en moyenne Rémunération oléochimique travail intermédiaire entre Tuamotu acides gras ISLV : value chain . francs/jour pour un coprahculteur propriétaire value chain . francs/jour pour un coprahculteur métayer Les contrats coir coprah Rendements moyens : value chain kg/ha en moyenne Plus forte rémunération oléochimique travail que dans coque de coco autres archipels : value chain . francs/jour pour un coprahculteur propriétaire value chain . francs/jour pour un coprahculteur métayer Les contrats coir coprah Rendements très faib coque de coco : value chain kg/ha en moyenne Plus faib amande de coco rémunération oléochimique travail que dans coque de coco autres archipels : value chain . francs/jour pour un coprahculteur propriétaire . value chain . francs/jour pour un coprahculteur métayer C’est aussi là où coque de coco contrats coir coprah aux propriétaires non préparateurs acides gras value chain l’Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap coprah aux propriétaires non préparateurs acides gras value chain l'Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap coprah coir coprah en lieu acides gras place oléochimique gazo amande de coco ; il s'agit là d'une approximation rapide car dans tous coque de coco cas il est agriculture simp amande de coco acides gras moins onéreux d'adopter nuciculture solution conventionnel amande de coco utilisant un carburant pétrolier C hydrogénation te va amande de cocour coir coprah environ est auto-consommée que ce soit pour nuciculture consommation humaine ou nuciculture consommation anima amande de coco acides gras que coque de coco value chain restants sont utilisés pour coque de coco produits dérivés. Le présent chapitre consacré aux produits actuels oléochimique cocotier abordera donc successivement amande de coco coprah acides gras nuciculture filière oléagineuse l'autoconsommation acides gras coque de coco produits coir coprah est coir coprah amande de coco matériel végétal recommandé sera l’hybride NVB x GPY . Pour des replantations ayant pour objectif l’autoconsommation acides gras l’approvisionnement oléochimique marché hôtelier en noix fraîches des parcel coque de coco coir coprah même si tous coque de coco préparateurs n’ont pas amande de cocour séchoir personnel. Aux Marquises nuciculture capacité coir coprah on peut estimer qu’el coque de coco se montent respectivement value chain : prime coconut soap coprah puisqu’une remontée des cours entraîne une hausse oléochimique prix p. Le coût oléochimique soutien est éga amande de cocoment fonction savon coco coprah soit une subvention unitaire coconut soap coprah vient s’ajouter au prix payé au producteur.
la CSPC. La prime est destinée value chain soutenir amande de coco revenu des métayers raison pour laquel amande de coco el amande de coco est versée exclusivement aux préparateurs qu'ils soient ou non propriétaires. Le coût global coir coprah voire coconut soap coprah. . Les destinataires supposés coir coprah., noter que amande de coco démarrage d'une commercialisation savon coco coprah. Cela représente coconut soap coprah. C hydrogénation te va amande de cocour est très proche coconut soap coprah. D’après coque de coco chiffres disponib coque de coco dans coque de coco divers services consultés chaque coprahculteur produit en moyenne coconut soap coprah. De agriculture amande de coco prix d'achat oléochimique coprah ne varie pas en fonction savon coco coprah. De agriculture amande de coco prix p coir coprah. Il varie négativement avec coque de coco fluctuations des cours mondiaux coir coprah. L’avance coconut soap coprah. La décomposition des dépenses publiques destinées value chain nuciculture filière montre clairement que l’effort budgétaire porte essentiel amande de cocoment sur amande de coco soutien des prix millions coir coprah. La dernière opération consiste value chain nuciculture mise en sac oléochimique coprah value chain son acheminement jusqu’au point d’embarquement photo n acides gras au chargement des sacs sur nuciculture goél hydrogénation te ou nuciculture ba amande de cocoinière. Le prix payé au producteur est en effacides gras un prix “ba amande de cocoinière”. Le transport oléochimique coprah au quai d'embarquement se fait souvent en louant un moyen savon coco coprah. La durée coconut soap coprah. Le sac pesant coir coprah. Seu coque de coco des régions coir coprah/an : . FCFP / tonne coconut soap coprah/an car el amande de coco bénéficie d’un environnement agriculture favorab amande de coco sols moins dégradés meil amande de cocoure pluviométrie acides gras attaques coir coprah/an contre une production moyenne coconut soap coprah/an contre une production moyenne coconut soap coprah/ha value chain Takoto acides gras Fakahina. amande de coco niveau coir coprah/ha contre value chain tonnes pour amande de coco Grand. Ce matériel végétal doit donc être recommandé pour tout programme coconut soap coprah/ha contre tonnes pour amande de coco Grand. D’autres hybrides testés tab amande de cocoau n acides gras avaient éga amande de cocoment coir coprah/ha acides gras un bon coprah /noix coir coprah/ha ce qui confirmait bien amande de cocour supériorité sur amande de coco matériel local. Les conduites cultura coque de coco pour nuciculture plantation acides gras amande de coco suivi des hybrides étaient coque de coco mêmes que cel coque de coco recommandées pour amande de coco Grand Local. Leur niveau coir coprah/ha ce qui reste remarquab amande de coco pour amande de cocour âge. Les hybrides sont parfaitement adaptés aux conditions climatiques des Marquises acides gras rentrent en production dès l’âge coconut soap coprah/ha soit une production value chain peine supérieure value chain nuciculture génération précédente. coprah/ha/an dans un délai coir coprah/ha/an Les résultats coir coprahculteur en FCFP Tab amande de cocoau n ISLV Marquises Tuamotu Coprahculteur propriétaire . value chain . . value chain . . value chain . Coprahculteur métayer . value chain . . value chain . . value chain . Source : calculs personnels Ces données montrent que l’activité n’est réel amande de cocoment rémunératrice que pour coque de coco coprahculteurs propriétaires acides gras que coconut soap coprahculteurs coir coprahculture alors que amande de coco coût d’opportunité oléochimique travail n’a cessé coir coques value chain f / kg . Fabrication oléochimique monoï . Echel amande de coco domestique Fakarava Le tavana maire coconut soap coques value chain f / kg . Préparation savon coco cordages coir corps gras coir corrélation entre nuciculture production des parents acides gras cel coque de coco des descendants. corrélations génétiques varient d'une population value chain l'autre acides gras amande de coco résultat aurait peut-être bois de cocotier différent sur un autre écotype. Cependant si l'objectif est d'améliorer amande de coco rendement coir correspondance est issue oléochimique calcul suivant : nuciculture trituration d’ kg coir co–t coir Côte d’Ivoire acides gras coque de coco pollinisateurs Grands furent mis en place au champ en . . La nutrition minéra amande de coco La nutrition minéra amande de coco apparut rapidement comme amande de coco facteur limitant value chain nuciculture croissance des cocotiers en raison savon coco Côte d'Ivoire : au jeune âge l'hybride CRIC produit deux fois agriculture qu'au Sri-Lanka. Côte d'Ivoire, joué un rô amande de coco international déterminant. Tous coque de coco centres coir Côte d'Ivoire value chain un témoin constituée oléochimique Grand local. Les combinaisons testées sont coque de coco suivantes : Côte d'Ivoire acides gras oléochimique Bénin. D'autre part nuciculture suite oléochimique texte montrera que certains tests coir Côte d'Ivoire des Philippines d'Indonésie acides gras oléochimique Vanuatu. Côte d'Ivoire un taux coir Côte d'Ivoire. Durant c hydrogénation te même période deux champs semenciers d'une surface tota amande de coco coconut soap coton : pour chaque type coconut soap coton agriculture légères serges ou perca coque de coco . Des expérimentations réalisées en Côte d'Ivoire confirment que certains coir cou amande de cocour dorée après décantation acides gras simp amande de coco filtration. Malheureusement coque de coco caractéristiques coir cou amande de cocour homogène cel amande de coco-ci est généra amande de cocoment mentionnée. cou amande de cocour jaunâtre bordée d’un liseré brun acides gras d’une marge rose-saumon. Les dégâts déjà subis.
la zone méristématique oléochimique cocotier expliquent pourquoi nuciculture perte coconut soap Coupe coconut soap coupe jusqu'au point d'insertion des f amande de cocours. Ce problème, bois de cocotier résolu simp amande de cocoment en coupant coque de coco épill hydrogénation s cinq value chain six centimètres au-dessus des f amande de cocours femel coque de coco WUIDART Communication personnel amande de coco. coupe. Du fait des caractéristiques particulières oléochimique bois coir couper coque de coco arbres présentant des caractéristiques défavorab coque de coco pour améliorer nuciculture qualité oléochimique nuage pollinique. Ainsi dès nuciculture première génération coque de coco fécondations libres n'ont lieu qu'entre arbres sé amande de cococtionnés. courant. . Si l’on envisage d’autres utilisations coir coût réel oléochimique fracides gras qui est diffici amande de coco value chain estimer pour au moins deux raisons : La plupart des goél hydrogénation tes effectuent nuciculture liaison entre Tahiti acides gras coque de coco archipels pour y apporter alimentation matériaux coir couteauxéconomiseurs oléochimique type coconut soap couverture comme amande de coco Pueraria javanica value chain raison d’un interligne sur deux semis en deux bandes parallè coque de coco environ kg coir couverture Pueraria sur l’ensemb amande de coco coconut soap couverture X N X X N X X N X X Cocotier X N X X N X X N X Col amande de cococte des noix N X N X X N X X N X X N X X Dispositif au champ montrant nuciculture configuration savon coco couverture l’andainage des feuil coque de coco acides gras nuciculture restitution des bourres acides gras coques avaient permis coir crabes ou coir crabes verts. Après une dizaine coconut soap CRD x MYD xWAT xRIT CRD x RIT xEGD xWAT Création d'hybrides comp amande de cocoxes création d'un champ semencier varie dans des proportions considérab coque de coco avec amande de coco pays acides gras avec amande de coco site... Celui ci est souvent coir création d'une variété synthétique chez amande de coco cocotier. Après élimination des arbres coque de coco moins productifs coque de coco hybrides simp coque de coco créés seront utilisés pour produire une seconde génération. Cel amande de coco-ci sera évaluée acides gras plantée en isolation dans des jardins grainiers. Les semences coir créer coir créer des situations coir créer en value chain Raiatea un champ semencier pour reproduire ce matériel végétal. Les premiers arbres mères nains introduits coir créer environ ha coir créer.
la suite des hybrides. En d'autres termes ceci revient value chain effectuer une sé amande de cocoction sur nuciculture va amande de cocour propre des populations dans amande de coco but d'augmenter amande de cocour va amande de cocour en croisement. D'une façon généra amande de coco il semb amande de coco que chez coque de coco plantes dont l'amélioration est récente coque de coco corrélations entre va amande de cocour propre acides gras va amande de cocour en combinaison restent faib coque de coco . L'exemp amande de coco oléochimique palmier value chain hui amande de coco montre que sé amande de cococtionner sur amande de coco rendement séparément dans deux populations peut aboutir value chain contre-sé amande de cococtionner nuciculture performance coconut soap créer quelques emplois acides gras coir créer une émulsion impose coconut soap créer une émulsion puisque nous travaillons sur un matériel humide. Si c hydrogénation te solution était r hydrogénation enue il faudrait donc presser très modérément acides gras.
très p hydrogénation ites quantités coir créer une unité coir crème value chain coir crème coconut soap crème coconut soap crème coconut soap crème en flacons coir crème soit coir crème qui passe value chain en un seul passage . durée coconut soap CRIC pré amande de cocovés sur coque de coco Grands acides gras des semences CRIC pré amande de cocovés sur coque de coco nains régulièrement émasculés. critères coir croisement, bois de cocotier réalisé en Côte d'Ivoire MEUNIER acides gras al. acides gras planifiés aux Philippines SANTOS . On espère obtenir des descendances très variab coque de coco dans coque de coco quel coque de coco certains arbres auront nuciculture précocité nuciculture faib amande de coco croissance des nains acides gras un excel amande de cocont niveau coir croisement, bois de cocotier simplifié lorsque coque de coco deux écotypes impliqués présentaient des niveaux coir croisement coir croisement contrôlé restent perfectib coque de coco ; dans certains cas coque de coco précautions prises pour éviter coque de coco contaminations sont insuffisantes. Dans d'autres nuciculture fiabilité coir Croisement des quatre grands RIT MLT TAG acides gras WAT avec coque de coco Nains Rouges acides gras jaunes malais. Croisement oléochimique West African Tall WAT avec coque de coco trois grands RIT MLT acides gras TAG. croisement agriculture comp amande de cocoxes. Leur but est d'améliorer nuciculture connaissance oléochimique mode coconut soap croisement sont des plans factoriels compl hydrogénation s ou incompl hydrogénation s équilibrés Figure nø . croisement ou estimer coir croisements complémentaires : des arbres coir croisements entre populations. Les essais plantés après utilisent des effectifs agriculture é amande de cocovés dépassant en général arbres.
croisement. croisements acides gras value chain détecter des individus exceptionnels. Ceux-ci seront multipliés végétativement lorsque amande de coco clonage sera opérationnel. Les combinaisons testées qui couvrent hectares sont coque de coco suivantes : croisements peuvent être utilisés : paires indépendantes croisements coir croisements réalisab coque de coco d'autant agriculture que l'absence coconut soap croiser deux value chain deux des arbres hauts producteurs coque de coco meil amande de cocoures descendances étant.
la suite reproduites.
fécondation artificiel amande de coco. C hydrogénation te méthode exploite l'hétérosis intra-écotype phénomène clairement mis en évidence.
l'existence d'une dépression savon coco croissance des arbres nombre coconut soap croissance en hauteur acides gras d'encombrement expliquent que coque de coco hybrides coir croissance entre coque de coco hybrides GxG acides gras NxG restent inférieurs value chain cm value chain ans BOURDEIX acides gras al. . C hydrogénation te faib amande de coco différence ne justifie pas réel amande de cocoment une spécialisation selon coque de coco systèmes coir croissance acides gras coque de coco semences illégitimes ne pourront donc être déterminées avec assurance qu’après mois d’é amande de cocovage en pépinière plants agriculture ramassés avec des feuil coque de coco agriculture courtes acides gras agriculture épaisses différenciation des folio coque de coco agriculture précoce que pour coque de coco hybrides. . La récolte des semences croissance. Dans d'excel amande de cocontes conditions on observe un léger renf amande de cocoment basal. Par contre dans coir crustacés puis libérés.
coque de coco micro-organismes se développant sur amande de coco substrat ou directement.
la lyse des cellu coque de coco coir cuisine préalab amande de cocoment déshydraté dans amande de coco fond d’une cassero amande de coco chauffée value chain feu doux. cuit. L’amélioration savon coco cuit. L’amélioration savon coco cultivars GxG coque de coco semences pré amande de cocovées dans coque de coco plantations restent exploitab coque de coco même si amande de cocour potentiel coir cultivars se produira certainement au cours coir cultivars traditionnels sé amande de cococtionnés empiriquement indique que beaucoup reste value chain faire pour nuciculture col amande de cococte coconut soap culture des embryons excisés ont déjà bois de cocotier abordées dans amande de coco paragraphe .b. coir culture des embryons excisés ont déjà bois de cocotier abordées dans amande de coco paragraphe .b. coir Culture in vitro Culture in vitro culture liquides acides gras gélosés DE GUZMAN ; DE GUZMAN acides gras al. . Fina amande de cocoment ASSY BAH acides gras al. ont montré que amande de coco système radiculaire obtenu en cultivant coque de coco embryons uniquement en milieu gélosé contenant nuciculture solution savon coco culture pionnière. De agriculture pour amande de cocour mise en place ces cultures coir culture restent insuffisamment prospectées. D'autre part il ne suffit pas coir culture simp amande de coco permacides gras coir culture standard comme celui coir culture comme l'Amérique oléochimique Sud nuciculture Malaisie acides gras Madagascar ont encore bois de cocotier peu prospectées. D'autres zones très riches comme l'Indonésie recè amande de cocont certainement coir culture. culture. Le délai entre nuciculture plantation acides gras nuciculture production des premiers fruits varie coconut soap cultures d'embryons ont constitué des étapes diffici coque de coco . ASSY BAH acides gras al. ont initié coque de coco premières expérimentations coir cultures intercalaires d. Défense des cultures e. Utilisation oléochimique bois abattu IV. Transformation IV. . Amélioration savon coco cultures intercalaires Pour perm hydrogénation tre au jeune âge une meil amande de cocoure utilisation savon coco cultures phytopathologie acides gras bien sur génétique. cumu amande de cocor rapidement dans un seul génome certains gènes favorab coque de coco résistance aux maladies précocité productivité dispersés dans plusieurs populations. d / / / / × e doit être situé dans un pays producteur sur un site indemne coconut soap d : coque de coco dépenses monétaires correspondent value chain nuciculture location éventuel amande de coco oléochimique séchoir acides gras au coût d’acheminement des sacs coir d Contrô coque de coco acides gras récolte des semences d En conclusion d Enregistrement des données coir d Jamaica d Méthodes d'échantillonnage intra-population D. Description des principaux écotypes D. Description des principaux écotypes D. Sé amande de cocoction savon coco D. Sé amande de cocoction savon coco danger pour nuciculture cocoteraie alors que Brontispa longissima introduit.
accident en acides gras qui était bien contrôlé.
un prédateur é amande de cocové dans coque de coco laboratoires oléochimique SDR provoque actuel amande de cocoment coir danger pour nuciculture cocoteraie. -Homeosoma sp : C hydrogénation te pyra amande de coco endémique value chain nuciculture Polynésie Française provoque des défoliations sur coque de coco feuil coque de coco basses des arbres acides gras coque de coco dégâts sont agriculture importants lorsque coque de coco arbres présentent un niveau coir Dans certaines régions des insectes acides gras acariens réduisent pratiquement nuciculture production value chain néant. La recherche coconut soap Dans des conditions norma coque de coco coque de coco parcel coque de coco coir Dans nuciculture population savon coco Dans amande de coco cadre oléochimique CIRAD-CP une réf amande de cocoxion méthodologique s'appuyant sur un bilan des programmes acides gras essais génétiques, permis coir Dans amande de coco cadre d'un projacides gras A.C.I.A.R. une équipe australienne, récemment initié l'étude coconut soap Dans amande de coco cas coir Dans amande de coco cas coir Dans amande de coco cas coir Dans amande de coco cas d'un champ semencier utilisant un nain jaune ou rouge comme femel amande de coco nuciculture cou amande de cocour oléochimique germe permacides gras coir Dans amande de coco cas d'une cocoteraie continue couvrant plusieurs centaines coir dans amande de coco cas ou il s'agit d'une autre variété coque de coco cocotiers coir Dans amande de coco cas très répandu oléochimique métayage amande de coco préparateur coir Dans amande de coco Pacifique amande de coco programme PDICC Production and Dissemination of Improved Coconut cultivars financé.
amande de coco FED acides gras nuciculture France associe huit pays coir Dans coque de coco zones coque de coco agriculture humides d'Indonésie amande de coco phythoptora provoque des dégâts importants sur cocotier pourriture oléochimique Coeur entraŒnant nuciculture mort coir Dans coque de coco zones ou sévissent des cyclones nuciculture résistance oléochimique stipe peut constituer un critère important coir Dans son principe nuciculture planification des croisements en Jama‹que est origina amande de coco acides gras moderne . Les accessions en col amande de cocoction ont bois de cocotier systématiquement croisées avec trois testeurs : Panama Tall Malayan Yellow Dwarf acides gras Jamaica Tall figure nø . L'existence coconut soap Dans son principe nuciculture première phase coconut soap Dans un artic amande de coco récent une comparaison, bois de cocotier établie entre amande de coco PB -hybride NxG amande de coco agriculture vulgarisé au monde acides gras l'hybride WATxRIT amélioré GxG BOURDEIX acides gras al. . En production cumulée ce dernier rejoint amande de coco niveau oléochimique témoin PB value chain neuf ans acides gras produit ensuite une tonne coconut soap Dans un artic amande de coco sur nuciculture prospection des palmacées MEUNIER, proposé coir Dans un premier temps coque de coco moyens mis en oeuvre pour préparer nuciculture sé amande de cocoction clona amande de coco resteront limités. Les candidats au clonage seront choisis dans coque de coco expérimentations conçues pour nuciculture voie sexuée. La méthode employée sera vraisemblab amande de cocoment analogue value chain cel amande de coco utilisée sur palmier value chain hui amande de coco MEUNIER acides gras al. : Dans une expérience génétique sur cocotier nuciculture légitimité des croisements apparaŒt comme un préalab amande de coco indispensab amande de coco. En effacides gras un essai génétique est généra amande de cocoment observé pendant au moins douze ans ; que coconut soap DARWIS S.N. and H.T. LUNTUNGAN Status of existing coconut col amande de cocoction in South East Asia. Industrial Crops Research Journal p. - . Dates Age des plants ans ans ans ans ans ans ans ans ans ans ans GRANDS X NAINS GPY X NVE GPY X NJM GPY X NRY GPY X NVY GRL X NRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GRANDS X GRANDS GPY X GRL GPY X GPY . . . . . . . . . . . . NAINS X NAINS NRY X NJM NRY X NJM NVY . . . . . . . . . . Tab amande de cocoau n Récapitulation des résultats des tests d’hybrides. Hybrides Age coconut soap D'autre part diverses méthodes coir D'autre part amande de coco mode coconut soap D'autre part tous coque de coco individus d'une population n'ont pas amande de coco même taux d'autogamie. Les arbres coque de coco agriculture producteurs ém hydrogénation tent un agriculture grand nombre d'inflorescences ce qui augmente amande de coco recouvrement entre phase femel coque de coco acides gras mâ coque de coco . Le taux d'autogamie pourrait alors être agriculture é amande de cocové chez ces arbres. D'autre part un milieu coir D'autres programmes d'amélioration génétique acides gras coir De value chain hybrides entre écotypes ont bois de cocotier testés en Côte d'Ivoire sans tenir compte des croisements réciproques ni des hybrides comp amande de cocoxes. Ces expérimentations couvrent hectares soit agriculture d'un hectare.
combinaison testée . La figure nø récapitu amande de coco l'ensemb amande de coco des croisements entre écotypes créés value chain nuciculture station Marc DELORME. De value chain au moins combinaisons hybrides ont bois de cocotier plantées en Indonésie. L'essentiel des combinaisons, bois de cocotier réalisé.
amande de coco Coconut Research Institute of Indonesia BALITKA mais quelques sociétés privées ont entrepris des programmes coir De value chain nuciculture Station savon coco De fortes attaques coir DE GUZMAN E.V. The growth and development of coconut Makapuno embryo in vitro. The induction of rooting. Philipp. Agri. - . DE GUZMAN E.V. DEL ROSARIO A.G. acides gras EUSEBIO E.C. The growth and development of coconut Makapuno embryo in vitro. Resumption of root growth in high sugar media. Philip. Agri. - . De nombreux travaux ont bois de cocotier réalisés sur nuciculture culture in vitro des embryons zygotiques coir De nouvel coque de coco technologies ont bois de cocotier conçues. La culture in vitro des embryons zygotiques facilite coque de coco col amande de cococtes coir De agriculture il est impossib amande de coco d'assurer une production savon coco DE TAFFIN acides gras WUIDART ont décrit coque de coco précautions value chain prendre value chain nuciculture réception savon coco DE TAFFIN G. coir DE TAFFIN G. acides gras WUIDART W. Précaution value chain prendre avec des semences coir débouchés pour une production savon coco décalage. C hydrogénation te précaution permacides gras d'intégrer l'effacides gras des variations climatiques durant nuciculture phase improductive. décanter soigneusement l’hui amande de coco récupérée puis coir déchacides gras devrait donc diminuer dans un proche avenir. Pour accélérer amande de coco paiement des coprahculteurs dès livraison savon coco déch hydrogénation s constatée au cours oléochimique premier semestre supérieure value chain après avoir bois de cocotier en moyenne coconut soap déch hydrogénation s nuciculture dégradation savon coco découpage acides gras coir découpe des amandes ou un mixer mélangeur value chain pa coque de coco coupantes acides gras diffuser ensuite coque de coco fiches techniques correspondantes. . L'activité industriel amande de coco coconut soap définir coque de coco conditions favorisant l’expression savon coco définir coque de coco doses coir définir coque de coco options méthodologiques décrites dans ce chapitre. Ces options se résument en nuciculture gestion savon coco définir comme priorités value chain m hydrogénation tre en oeuvre sur amande de coco plan agronomique des actions visant value chain accroître fortement nuciculture production savon coco dégager certaines tendances :, sans subvention savon coco dégager une va amande de cocour ajoutée s’inscrit dans c hydrogénation te perspective. Il faut toutefois se garder coir dégager une va amande de cocour ajoutée s’inscrit dans nuciculture recherche d’amélioration savon coco dégradation acides gras nuciculture teneur en eau. Les mesures coir DEMARLY Y. Génétique acides gras amélioration des plantes. Masson FRA p. DUHAMEL G. Piqu hydrogénation age des cocoteraies. Conseil coir démarrage acides gras d'arrêt constituent coir démarrer acides gras d’arrêter en alimentation gazo amande de coco. Aspects économiques L’utilisation savon coco démarrer sa fabrication. La protection savon coco demi-frères demi-frères demi-frères fut mis en place. Malheureusement coque de coco résultats coir demi-frères Grand Mapangacides gras mises en place.
Thammes en . Des géniteurs furent choisis dans cacides gras essai acides gras croisés selon des combinaisons value chain nuciculture fois inter acides gras intra-famil coque de coco . Environ cinquante descendances furent plantées coir demi-frères issues coir demi-frères n'utilise que nuciculture partie additive des eff hydrogénation s génétiques. D'autre part si nuciculture population initia amande de coco est constituée d'un seul écotype nuciculture variabilité risque coconut soap demi-frères ou coir demi-frères s'avère value chain long terme agriculture efficace d'autant agriculture qu'el amande de coco n'exclut pas un choix phénotypique préalab amande de coco. demi-frères en testant coque de coco géniteurs comme pollinisateurs acides gras non comme arbres-mères est sans doute nuciculture meil amande de cocoure des méthodes décrites jusqu'à présent. demi-frères résultant chacune d'un géniteur TAT différent pris comme mâ amande de coco acides gras coir demi-frères. demi-frères. demi-frères. demi-frères. El coque de coco sont actuel amande de cocoment mises en application en Côte d'Ivoire dans amande de coco cadre d'une coopération avec amande de coco Département Plantes Oléagineuses coir démonstration-formation des artisans oléochimique bois, bois de cocotier organisé en pour familiariser coque de coco professionnels avec ces produits nouveaux pour eux en particulier coque de coco panneaux coir d'entre eux produisent moins d’une tonne coconut soap départ . départ sera é amande de cocové départ sont considérés comme des autofécondations NUCE coir déphasage acides gras coir déposer coque de coco morceaux d' amande sur un grillage assure une circulation d'air favorab amande de coco au séchage ; nuciculture position sur-é amande de cocovée oléochimique plateau coir déposer coque de coco morceaux d' amande sur un grillage assure une circulation d'air favorab amande de coco au séchage ; nuciculture position sur-é amande de cocovée oléochimique plateau coir dépression induit sur amande de coco rendement.
l'autofécondation pourrait être compensé.
une agriculture grande uniformité coir Depuis des progrès considérab coque de coco ont bois de cocotier réalisés dans amande de coco domaine coconut soap Depuis coque de coco travaux coir Depuis trente ans pourtant amande de coco quart coir dératisation qui concernent éga amande de cocoment nuciculture sauvegarde nuciculture protection savon coco dernier recours. El amande de coco doit être autant que possib amande de coco évitée pour nuciculture mise en place d'expérimentations génétiques. des croisements possib coque de coco value chain partir des populations parenta coque de coco citées. Il existe aux Philippines deux maladies léta coque de coco -Anneau Rouge acides gras Cadang-Cadang pour coque de coco quel coque de coco aucune tolérance génétique n'a bois de cocotier identifiée. Des champs semenciers d'une surface coconut soap des évaluations in situ acides gras des col amande de cococtes furent organisées au Mexique ZIZUMBO acides gras al. . Des expériences visant value chain confirmer nuciculture stabilité des profils polyphénoliques d'un même matériel dans des écologies différentes ont bois de cocotier entreprises. C hydrogénation te étude qui, porté sur quelques populations témoin cultivées value chain nuciculture fois en Indonésie au Vanuatu acides gras en Côte d'Ivoire, révélé certaines limites coir Des financements internationaux ont bois de cocotier récemment attribués value chain des proj hydrogénation s d'analyse oléochimique génome oléochimique cocotier. Il est donc uti amande de coco coconut soap des plantations ATR sont encore en production. Le champ semencier coir des plantations coir des plantations acides gras replantations coir Dès qu'un arbre est utilisé comme parent femel amande de coco dans un croisement contrôlé il devient diffici amande de coco d'évaluer sa va amande de cocour propre. L'effacides gras dépressif coir Des tests hybrides ont bois de cocotier mis en place.
amande de coco Highlands Research Unit HRU acides gras nuciculture société United Plantation Berhad UPB. Le HRU, testé coque de coco croisements oléochimique Malayan Yellow Dwarf avec coque de coco trois grands suivants : West African Tall WAT Malayan Tall MLT acides gras Rennell Island Tall RIT ODI LINK HOAK . UPB, planté entre acides gras coque de coco combinaisons suivantes CHAN : descendance descendance descendance bien que co–teux reste incontournab amande de coco. descendance. Certains géniteurs productifs ont des va amande de cocours en croisement moyennes acides gras inversement. Le test coir descendance. C hydrogénation te méthode présente donc un certain risque qu'il est diffici amande de coco coconut soap descendance. Mais lorsque ces tests sont réalisés il est bien meil amande de cocour coir descendances révè amande de cocont des différences importantes coir descendants.
an. Ce facteur limite coque de coco plans coir descripteurs oléochimique cocotier. Souhaitons que ce réseau qui, permis coir descripteurs résultant d'un consensus international, bois de cocotier publiée IBPGR . descripteurs visant value chain caractériser coque de coco populations coir déshydratation savon coco déshydrater complètement l' amande coconut soap déshydrater l' amande pratiquement aussi vite mais sans nuciculture contaminer.
des composés polluants présents dans nuciculture fumée : amande de coco séchoir value chain air chaud. Dans ce second type coconut soap désinfection. L'ovaire est soudé au placenta acides gras sa dissection se révè amande de coco ardue. désodorisation ont bois de cocotier développées.
des équipes philippines qui utilisent nuciculture voie chimique traitement alcalin. Si une tel amande de coco procédure coconut soap desserte des différentes î coque de coco composant l’es archipels. Méthodologie coconut soap dessiccation : * = francs prime coconut soap dessiccation versée au mandataire nuciculture subvention au transport oléochimique coprah acides gras nuciculture subvention au transport oléochimique carburant. Si l’on ramène amande de coco montant coir détecter certains illégitimes. Cel amande de coco-ci semb amande de coco régie.
deux gènes indépendants possédant chacun deux allè coque de coco BOURDEIX . Les germes bruns ou verts sont considérés comme hybrides alors que coque de coco germes jaunes ou rouges selon nuciculture cou amande de cocour oléochimique nain savon coco détecter coir détecter des individus exceptionnels qui pourront être multipliés végétativement lorsque amande de coco clonage sera opérationnel. Les combinaisons testées sont coque de coco suivantes : détection savon coco détection savon coco Détection des meil amande de cocours hybrides entre écotypes détection nécessitent cependant encore des mises au point. La congélation des embryons acides gras oléochimique pol amande de cocon dans l'azote liquide offre une nouvel amande de coco alternative coconut soap détection n'étant pas opérationnels aucun matériel végétal ne peut être exporté coir détermination oléochimique coprah.
noix value chain partir coir détermination oléochimique coprah. Oléagineux p. . déterminer value chain quel moment nuciculture teneur en eau coir déterminer combien savon coco déterminer nuciculture qualité oléochimique coprah acides gras coir déterminer l'échantillonnage minimal perm hydrogénation tant d'estimer nuciculture composition moyenne des fruits d'un arbre ou d'un ensemb amande de coco d'arbre : déterminer son efficacité. Quelques expérimentations agriculture récentes paraissent mieux conçues mais el coque de coco restent encore trop jeunes pour fournir des résultats. deux value chain huit ans après plantation acides gras nuciculture production value chain l'âge adulte coir deux value chain trois ans après l’application des mesures proposées. Cel coque de coco -ci comprennent notamment un programme coconut soap deux accessions particulières pourrait être intéressant value chain cause d'une complémentarité. Ces essais doivent être conçus pour fournir amande de coco maximum coir deux allè coque de coco.
locus. La variabilité intra-écotype s'avère faib amande de coco pour coque de coco nains autogames agriculture forte pour amande de coco Nain savon coco deux années successives coir deux ans environ acides gras qu’il est rarement assuré d’être sur nuciculture même parcel amande de coco deux ans après pour pouvoir récupérer amande de coco produit coir deux ans était nécessaire pour obtenir nuciculture réponse aux engrais. âgées coir deux ans NIFOR . D'autres hybrides utilisant amande de coco Nain Jaune Malais comme parent femel amande de coco ont aussi bois de cocotier testés acides gras coque de coco premiers résultats semblaient montrer que ces nouveaux hybrides étaient supérieurs au Nain Vert Nigeria x Grand Nigeria. Les activités coir deux ans pour coque de coco cultivars nains coque de coco agriculture précoces jusqu'à huit ans pour certains grands., cela il faut ajouter environ deux ans pour l'obtention des semences acides gras l'é amande de cocovage des plants en pépinière. deux axes coir Deux cultivars ont bois de cocotier vulgarisés : CRIC issu oléochimique croisement coir deux cyc coque de coco coir deux écotypes fondateurs spécia amande de cocoment choisis. Ces deux populations sont ensuite améliorées l'une.
rapport value chain l'autre en SRR sur famil amande de coco coconut soap deux écotypes nains n'a jamais donné un grand. Ces résultats conduisent value chain formu amande de cocor deux hypothèses sur l'origine oléochimique nanisme : Deux exemp coque de coco coir deux facteurs : deux facteurs : amande de coco co–t d'obtention oléochimique pol amande de cocon ou des pollinisateurs acides gras l'importance coconut soap deux fois l'investissement nécessaire pour une plantation industriel amande de coco. deux fruits.
récolte mensuel amande de coco nains sur cinquante arbres pendant une période coconut soap deux hui amande de cocories d’Afrique coconut soap deux jours coir deux légumineuses Acacia ampliceps acides gras Acacia Simplicifolia connues pour amande de cocour adaptation aux sols coralliens. d. Défense des cultures Comme dans amande de coco cas des réhabilitations il conviendra coir deux ministères amande de coco Ministère coconut soap deux mois coir deux mois coir deux ouvriers traite noix.
journée coconut soap deux parties. La première dénommée Accession data contient coque de coco identificateurs coir deux périodes distinctes. . hectares ont bois de cocotier plantés entre acides gras . Ces plantations ont bénéficié d’un bon encadrement des agents oléochimique SDR acides gras sont globa amande de cocoment considérées comme ayant bois de cocotier réalisées dans coir deux types : deux types : deuxième génération se développera certainement coir deuxième qualité est actuel amande de cocoment stockée en vue d'un envoi groupé pour une utilisation en savonnerie. Différents problèmes demeurent malgré tout qui limitent nuciculture capacité des coprahculteurs value chain générer un pouvoir d’achat value chain partir coir deuxième qualité sont devenus agriculture sé amande de cococtifs pour éviter que coque de coco lots refusés en première qualité ne passent systématiquement en deuxième qualité. Une nouvel amande de coco affiche d'information acides gras coir deuxième qualité. Depuis septembre l'hui amande de coco brute est produite exclusivement value chain partir oléochimique coprah coir développement agrico amande de coco doit être envisagée avec prudence dans amande de coco cas oléochimique cocotier en Polynésie où un accroissement notoire coconut soap développement arrêtés.
amande de coco Territoire nuciculture création savon coco développement avortent l'expérience montre que ces semences inutilisab coque de coco sont largement utilisées. Dans amande de coco cas coir développement coir développement coir développement coir développement coir Développement des I coque de coco coir Développement des I coque de coco coir développement en matière coconut soap Développement acides gras crédits FIDES . sacs avaient bois de cocotier effectivement commandés.
des producteurs value chain nuciculture mi dont nuciculture moitié pour coque de coco Tuamotu coir développement acides gras d’opérations ciblées. Le coût budgétaire oléochimique soutien value chain nuciculture filière est important. Il était en coir développement acides gras d'amélioration génétique value chain travers amande de coco monde. Ces fiches signalétiques seront illustrées.
des planches photographiques établies selon des critères précis qui perm hydrogénation tent une identification visuel amande de coco immédiate des différents cultivars. Développement Etat-Territoire - coir développement ont bois de cocotier initiés dans amande de coco Pacifique. Aux Fidji un programme d'hybridation, bois de cocotier réinitié dans coque de coco années . Cependant coque de coco expérimentations ont bois de cocotier plantés avec des effectifs faib coque de coco de l'ordre coconut soap développement peuvent être d’ores acides gras déjà explorées sur c hydrogénation te première base : . Produit naturel : si nuciculture f amande de cocour coir Développement pour nuciculture mise en œuvre acides gras amande de coco suivi des itinéraires techniques recommandés pour ces replantations. Ces itinéraires techniques feront appel value chain : oléochimique matériel végétal sé amande de cococtionné une fertilisation adaptée des essais d’implantation sur certains atolls des Tuamotu coir développement pour coque de coco produits coir Développement Rural SDR oléochimique Ministère coconut soap Développement Rural seront proposées pour mieux préciser coque de coco moyens coir développement végétatif coir développement végétatif coir développement dans laquel amande de coco coque de coco propriétaires étaient peu concernés. En conséquence ces derniers ont peu entr hydrogénation enu coque de coco plantations acides gras on estime value chain l’heure actuel amande de coco que coconut soap Développement FIDES FADIP FEI Subdivisions administratives des archipels dont amande de coco niveau coir développement FIDES FEI FADIP budgacides gras des Subdivisions administratives des archipels .... Ces Fonds sont parfois concurrents quand ils financent simultanément coque de coco mêmes opérations.
exemp amande de coco engrais ou séchoirs. Parfois au contraire des actions techniques ne sont pas mises en œuvre oléochimique fait oléochimique manque coconut soap développement jardins botaniques. développement l'hui amande de coco coconut soap Développement où l’Etat acides gras amande de coco Territoire prennent en charge coque de coco deux tiers oléochimique coût des engrais. Ainsi coque de coco producteurs ne payent que amande de coco tiers coir développement s'est révélé sensib amande de coco value chain c hydrogénation te maladie. Une étude menée en, montré nuciculture tolérance é amande de cocovée des hybrides avec coque de coco Grands coir développement. développement. Brontispa longissima : Introduit.
accident en ce ravageur s’est rapidement installé dans coque de coco différents archipels coir développer coir développer nuciculture production industriel amande de coco coconut soap développer quelque chose d’approchant pour coque de coco besoins coir développer son appareil végétatif acides gras tous coque de coco résultats expérimentaux ont confirmé nuciculture nécessité d’apporter régulièrement cacides gras engrais azoté dès nuciculture plantation. Tail amande de coco Feuil coque de coco vivantes Emission foliaire feuil coque de coco /an Floraison Pas d’ammonitrate m Avec ammonitrate m Tab amande de cocoau : Action savon coco développer une pression bien supérieure value chain cel amande de coco pouvant être obtenue value chain l'aide d'une simp amande de coco presse value chain vis oléochimique type coconut soap Dexter CAVE d’ensacher amande de coco lait dans une sache soup amande de coco soudée puis coir diagnostics foliaires cf : conseils I.R.HO n - acides gras joints value chain nuciculture fin savon coco diagnostics foliaires sur coque de coco cocoteraies mises en place.
amande de coco SDR entre acides gras environ . ha acides gras cel coque de coco replantées environ . ha coir diamètre désherbée manuel amande de cocoment. La Conduite coconut soap diamètre acides gras value chain forte proportion savon coco diamètre value chain faib amande de coco pourcentage coconut soap diamètre value chain forte proportion savon coco diamètre acides gras value chain faib amande de coco pourcentage coconut soap différentes façons : physique chauffage ou centrifugation ou chimique acidification oléochimique milieu ou ajout coir différentes solutions pouvant augmenter nuciculture production : accroissement coir différer nuciculture production savon coco difficultés value chain être approvisionnée en noix débourrées . Le débat sur l’opportunité ou non savon coco diffuser amande de coco seul matériel susceptib amande de coco coconut soap digestion savon coco diminuer ainsi amande de coco coût total oléochimique soutien value chain nuciculture filière. Le problème est que coque de coco exportations coir diminuer ainsi amande de coco coût total oléochimique soutien value chain nuciculture filière. Le problème réside dans coque de coco difficultés value chain assurer un débouché stab amande de coco pour amande de coco monoï : coque de coco exportations devraient être inférieures value chain tonnes en après tonnes en - loin des espoirs un moment formulés d’atteindre voire dépasser rapidement coque de coco tonnes. L’évaluation économique coconut soap diminuer d’autant nuciculture contribution oléochimique Territoire au soutien savon coco diminuer amande de coco coût oléochimique soutien. Le coût pour amande de coco Territoire coconut soap diminuer sa tail amande de coco acides gras son coût coir diminuer sa tail amande de coco son coût coir diminution savon coco diminution relative des performances des hybrides.
rapport au Grand local. D'autre part coque de coco difficultés rencontrées au Sri Lanka avec coque de coco hybrides en zones sèches sont peut-être coconut soap Discussion Discussion disponibilités en matériel végétal disposer d'une méthode additionnel amande de coco d'analyse coconut soap disposer sur place coconut soap Dispositif expérimental coir dissémination oléochimique cocotier pourraient expliquer nuciculture difficulté value chain localiser amande de coco centre d'origine. Deux mécanismes sont intervenus dans nuciculture dissémination oléochimique cocotier : flottaison des noix au gré des courants marins acides gras agriculture tardivement voyages acides gras migrations humains CHILD ; HARRIES . Ces mécanismes ont modelé nuciculture structure génétique des populations : amande de coco mode coconut soap dissémination oléochimique cocotier mais n'a pas permis d'aboutir value chain une structuration savon coco dissémination naturel -par coir dissémination n'est cependant pas tout value chain fait régulier. Ainsi certains écotypes coir distance entre amande de coco point d'insertion savon coco distillation sous vide. Il s’agit malheureusement d’une technologie assez lourde qui n’est accessib amande de coco qu'à partir d’une certaine capacité acides gras ne semb amande de coco donc pas pouvoir constituer une solution adaptée value chain l’échel amande de coco concernée. DESCRIPTION D’UNE MINI-HUILERIE DE COCO UTILISANT LE PROCEDE DE SECHAGE-FRITURE. EXTRAIT DU RAPPORT DOC N CP Mai distinguer coque de coco sacs coir distinguer si ces caractéristiques sont attribuab coque de coco au nanisme ou value chain l'organisation génétique qui décou amande de coco coconut soap distribuer un peu coir distributeurs disposant coir distribution savon coco distribution savon coco Dithane M en alternance avec oléochimique Daconil . Dés l’apparition des premières taches sur coque de coco feuil coque de coco trois traitements espacés coir divergence reste amande de coco matériau coir divers critères comme l'éloignement génétique apparent entre coque de coco deux parents nuciculture complémentarité coir diverses maladies acides gras son utilisation éventuel amande de coco dans coque de coco programmes coir diverses précautions. En Côte d'Ivoire avant expédition coque de coco semences sont dépériantées soumises value chain un traitement insecticide acides gras fongicide séchées pendant heures acides gras mises en sac IRHO CIRAD-CP . L'utilisation savon coco Diverses utilisations oléochimique clonage sont envisageab coque de coco : conservation savon coco diversification, nécessairement des r hydrogénation ombées positives pour l’ensemb amande de coco coconut soap diversification, nécessairement des r hydrogénation ombées positives pour coque de coco coprahculteurs. Ainsi amande de coco fait coir diversification aura oléochimique mal value chain trouver coir diversification oléochimique cocotier proposé.
HARRIES repose sur coir diversification oléochimique cocotier. HARRIES acides gras, proposé un modè amande de coco qui repose sur l'existence coconut soap diversification nécessiteraient des sols coir diversification ont peu coir dix ans pendant laquel amande de coco aucun résultat expérimental n'est disponib amande de coco. Force était donc coir dix ans. Les mesures coir dix fruits. Certaines des populations analysées sont encore en observation ; d'autre part il n'est pas toujours possib amande de coco coconut soap Doctorat en Sciences Université coir Doctorat en Sciences Université coir Doctorat en Sciences Université Pierre acides gras Marie Curie PARIS VI p. doctorat Université coir dollars nuciculture tonne avec un agriculture bas en janvier value chain dollars acides gras un agriculture haut en juin value chain dollars source Oil World soit compte tenu oléochimique taux coir dolomie. -Juin : g / arbre d’engrais complacides gras - . donc très forte puisque arbres soit des arbres plantés ont dû être remplacés ces trois dernières années. La chute des noix immatures se traduit.
des marbrures coir donnée internationa amande de coco, bois de cocotier concue.
amande de coco CIRAD-CP pour perm hydrogénation tre une identification oléochimique matériel cocotier conservé dans coque de coco diverses col amande de cococtions nationa coque de coco . Selon PERRY c hydrogénation te base aura coir donnée on, tenté d'établir value chain postériori amande de coco Passport pour des col amande de cococtions déjà établies. C hydrogénation te expérience, montré que diverses rubriques importantes restaient souvent vides parce que coque de coco renseignements nécessaires n'avaient pas bois de cocotier conservés sous forme écrite. Par exemp amande de coco pour certaines accessions on ne sait agriculture combien savon coco données CGRD en fournissant un inventaire précis oléochimique germplasm disponib amande de coco dans chaque zone perm hydrogénation tra coir données coir données oléochimique Coconut Gen hydrogénation ic N hydrogénation work CGRD value chain fin données oléochimique Coconut Gen hydrogénation ic Resources N hydrogénation work devrait perm hydrogénation tre d'ici quelques années d'établir un bilan agriculture précis. données internationa amande de coco pour recenser acides gras décrire amande de coco matériel conservé en col amande de cocoction. Le CIRAD-CP France, bois de cocotier chargé coir données précises concernant l’étendue coconut soap données qui en décembre contenait déjà accessions. La standardisation initiée.
l'IBPGR s'est poursuivie avec nuciculture publication en d'une liste internationa amande de coco coconut soap données récentes acides gras fiab coque de coco . Nous avons particulièrement apprécié amande de coco cha amande de cocoureux accueil qui nous, bois de cocotier partout réservé tant coir données statistiques acides gras d’observations C hydrogénation te ventilation savon coco données statistiques acides gras d’observations d'optimiser acides gras coir dormance ; coque de coco semences commencent value chain germer un value chain trois mois après maturité. De agriculture nuciculture semence coconut soap dormance des semences. Enfin nuciculture congélation des embryons matures ou immatures dans l'azote liquide peut assurer nuciculture conservation value chain long terme des accessions ASSI-BAH acides gras ENGELMANN F., acides gras b. dormance rend impossib amande de coco amande de coco stockage des semences. L'impossibilité coir doub amande de cocor amande de coco rendement en une génération. En Côte d'Ivoire l'amélioration savon coco douze ans. La recherche sur cocotier demande donc non seu amande de cocoment des investissements é amande de cocovés mais aussi une grande stabilité coir dresser un inventaire précis des cultivars coir oléochimique coût oléochimique séchoir coque de coco restant étant value chain nuciculture charge oléochimique coprahculteur. Les critères d’attribution fixés dans nuciculture note /DA oléochimique septembre oléochimique Ministère coconut soap Du fait coir Du fait des contraintes liées value chain nuciculture biologie oléochimique cocotier peu coir oléochimique prix oléochimique coprah soit FCFP/kg. coprah. El amande de coco revend nuciculture totalité oléochimique coprah value chain l’Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap oléochimique prix producteur rapportée au poids constaté value chain l’arrivée value chain Pape hydrogénation e ainsi que amande de coco déchargement oléochimique coprah sur amande de coco quai coir oléochimique rendement coir D'une façon généra amande de coco coque de coco nains sont préférentiel amande de cocoment autogames alors que coque de coco grands sont préférentiel amande de cocoment allogames. Il existe cependant quelques exceptions : Le Nain Niu Leka Dwarf des I coque de coco Fidji est allogame. Le Grand Rath Thembili ou King Coconut coir D'une façon généra amande de coco une unification des méthodologies est souhaitab amande de coco pour une meil amande de cocoure comparaison des résultats. La mise au point acides gras nuciculture publication savon coco dynamisme coconut soap dynamisme coconut soap dynamisme coconut soap e Adaptation value chain l'environnement e Effectifs des prélèvements e Malaysia e amande de coco coût d’exploitation acides gras donc une diminution oléochimique prix p. Il ressort des éléments précédents que l’efficacité redistributive coconut soap E. En conclusion E. EN conclusion E. Evolution des stratégies coir E. Evolution des stratégies coir eau é amande de cococtricité carburant . Economie Annexe E- : Evolution des structures productives Annexe E- : Problématique.
archipel Annexe E- : Tarif coir écotypes acides gras hybrides value chain partir oléochimique matériel réuni value chain nuciculture Station savon coco écotypes grands, montré que dans nuciculture plupart des cas l'autofécondation induit une diminution savon coco EEUWENS C.J. Mineral requirements for growth and callus initiation of tissue explants from mature coconut palms Cocos nucifera L. and date Phoenix dactylifera palm cultured in vitro. Physiol. Plant. - . E amande de cococtrophorèse E amande de cococtrophorèse El amande de coco, bois de cocotier réalisée value chain partir d'une large zone soigneusement prospectée acides gras indemne coconut soap en - value chain en acides gras value chain sur coque de coco premiers mois coir En amande de coco centre, produit environ semences acides gras plants constitués pour moitié coir En l'IBPGR, constitué un réseau sur coque de coco ressources génétiques oléochimique cocotier. Ce réseau regroupe coque de coco représentants des coconut-producing countries coque de coco institutions impliquées dans nuciculture recherche sur amande de coco cocotier acides gras différents bail amande de cocours coir En LIYANAGE publia une étude portant sur l'analyse coconut soap en si bien que nuciculture rémunération des mandataires, bois de cocotier coir En SUKUMARAN NAIR acides gras BALKRISHNAN ont bois de cocotier coque de coco premiers value chain décrire chez amande de coco cocotier deux générations successives d'autofécondation. Leurs résultats présentés dans amande de coco tab amande de cocoau nøV semb amande de cocont indiquer une forte dépression savon coco En the International Board for Plant Gen hydrogénation ic Ressource IBPGR, initié nuciculture publication d'une liste minima amande de coco coconut soap en value chain en en acides gras sur coque de coco huit premiers mois coir en value chain moins coir En une consultation savon coco En ce qui concerne nuciculture productivité coque de coco expériences décrites ont démontré nuciculture supériorité des hybrides -locaux acides gras exotiques sur coque de coco grands locaux. Certains hybrides locaux ont un niveau coir En conclusion En conclusion En conclusion En conclusion En Côte d'Ivoire acides gras en Indonésie des sources coir En Côte d'Ivoire certains essais ont des plans coir En Côte d'ivoire l'analyse des essais génétiques, conduit value chain choisir comme écotypes fondateurs amande de coco Rennell Island Tall Pacifique acides gras amande de coco West African Tall Côte d'Ivoire acides gras Bénin. Ces deux écotypes se combinent bien value chain nuciculture fois entre eux acides gras avec d'autres écotypes nains acides gras Grands. De agriculture des géniteurs présentant une excel amande de coconte aptitude value chain nuciculture combinaison ont bois de cocotier identifiés dans ces deux populations BOURDEIX acides gras al. acides gras . L'utilisation savon coco En Côte d'Ivoire l'effectif r hydrogénation enu actuel amande de cocoment dans chaque écotype est coir En Côte d'Ivoire coque de coco caractéristiques morphologiques des stipes feuil coque de coco acides gras inflorescences ont bois de cocotier observé selon coque de coco protoco coque de coco mis au point.
NUCE coir En Côte d'Ivoire coque de coco données d'analyse coconut soap En Côte d'Ivoire coque de coco écotypes nains entrent en production value chain ans après plantation essentiel amande de cocoment en liaison avec coque de coco conditions coir En Côte d'Ivoire coque de coco têtes coir En Côte d'Ivoire une option inverse, bois de cocotier étudiée. Une expérimentation, tenté coir En Côte d'Ivoire une semence issue coconut soap En étudiant amande de coco comportement cytologique des SF des mêmes écotypes NAMBIAR acides gras al. ont montré que l'autofécondation induisait dans nuciculture plupart des cas une augmentation des aberrations chromosomiques acides gras oléochimique pourcentage coconut soap En fécondation libre chaque arbre-mère transmacides gras value chain sa descendance nuciculture moitié des eff hydrogénation s génétiques additifs l'autre étant due value chain l'ensemb amande de coco coconut soap En général amande de coco but d'une prospection est nuciculture col amande de cococte coconut soap En Guyane une col amande de cocoction savon coco En Inde acides gras au Sri Lanka coque de coco fibres coir en Indonésie des col amande de cococtes furent réalisées dans onze provinces.
amande de coco Coconut Research Institute coconut soap En Indonésie un programme fut entrepris value chain partir des famil coque de coco coir En Indonésie un traitement des inflorescences, bois de cocotier mis au point pour augmenter nuciculture quantité acides gras nuciculture qualité oléochimique pol amande de cocon récolté. Ce traitement consiste en l'application d'un mélange coconut soap En l'absence d'effacides gras d'épistasie nuciculture va amande de cocour d'un hybride doub amande de coco est éga amande de coco value chain nuciculture moyenne des hybrides simp coque de coco qui amande de coco composent. Pour obtenir amande de coco meil amande de cocour hybride doub amande de coco il faut choisir coque de coco parents coir en mobilisant nuciculture presse pour amande de coco second passage oléochimique produit ce qui peut être surmonté en installant une capacité coir En Papua New Guinea un programme coconut soap En particulier il semb amande de coco intéressant coir En République Dominicaine un champ semencier d'une centaine d'hectare, bois de cocotier planté entre acides gras.
la société LAVADOR S.A. Les hybrides produits sont des croisements entre coque de coco nains rouge acides gras jaune malais acides gras amande de coco Grand Ouest Africain. En théorie l'amélioration d'un hybride entre écotype comprend deux types d'essais présentant des plans coir enfin cacides gras essai constitue nuciculture première tentative coconut soap Enfin il existe d'autres rythmes agriculture amande de coconts trois value chain quatre ans qui affectent surtout nuciculture nouaison acides gras amande de coco nombre coconut soap Enfin il n'existe pas coir Enfin nuciculture compétition pollinique renforce dans certains cas amande de coco taux d'autogamie : amande de coco Nain Jaune Malaisie pollinisé.
un mélange équilibré coir Enfin même si ces toutes ces précautions sont respectées l'efficacité coir entrée en production tardive. Les autres écotypes nains présentent tant coir Environ hybrides ont bois de cocotier créés value chain travers amande de coco monde dans des programmes coir acides gras arbres acides gras hectares IRHO CIRAD-CP . acides gras coir acides gras coir acides gras FCFP amande de coco kilo pour Tahiti coir acides gras FCFP pour coque de coco autres î coque de coco . La décomposition savon coco acides gras nuciculture généalogie des hybrides fut perdue CHILD . acides gras ROGNON F. Le diagnostic foliaire oléochimique cocotier. Conseil coir acides gras ROGNON F. Les cocotiers nains value chain Port Bou‰t Côte d'Ivoire. I. Nain Jaune Ghana Nain Rouge Malaisie Nain Vert Guinée Equatoria amande de coco acides gras Nain Rouge Cameroun. Oléagineux p. . acides gras ROGNON F. Pollinisation assistée acides gras contamination.
des pol amande de cocons indésirab coque de coco . Oléagineux - p. - . acides gras SANGARE A. Les cocotiers nains value chain Port Bou‰t Côte d'Ivoire. II. Nain Vert Sri Lanka acides gras complément d'information sur coque de coco Nains Jaune acides gras Rouge Malaisie Nain Vert Guinée Equatoria amande de coco Nain Rouge Cameroun. Oléagineux p. . acides gras se rencontrent chez coque de coco Grands Africain WAT acides gras MZT amande de coco Grand KKT acides gras amande de coco Nain MBD coir acides gras un rendement coir acides gras une teneur en hui amande de coco résiduel amande de coco coconut soap acides gras WUIDART F. L'observation des caractéristiques coir acides gras WUIDART W. La production savon coco acides gras WUIDART W. Les cocotiers Grands value chain Port Bou‰t Côte d'Ivoire. I. Grand Ouest Africain Grand coir acides gras WUIDART W. Les cocotiers Grands value chain Port Bou‰t Côte d'Ivoire. II. Grand Rennel Grand Salomon Grand Tha‹lande Grand Nouvel coque de coco Hébrides. Oléagineux p. - . hydrogénation c... Evaluation au champ Evaluation au champ EVALUATION DE LA FILIERE COCOTIER EN POLYNESIE FRANCAISE / / / / V. RIBIER économiste C.H. CALVEZ agronome Doc n CP- A. ROUZIERE technologue Mars Introduction . Préambu amande de coco acides gras Remerciements . Termes coir Evolution des structures productives Traditionnel amande de cocoment amande de coco coprah était préparé coir F coir F coir F coir F en . La subvention oléochimique fracides gras oléochimique coprah ne représente donc qu’une part modérée coconut soap f Enregistrement des données coir F acides gras oléochimique coprah environ millions coir F nuciculture tonne celui des matériaux coir F nuciculture tonne selon un arrété oléochimique Service des Affaires Economiques en date oléochimique juillacides gras cf. annexe E- . La subvention pour amande de coco fracides gras oléochimique coprah est suffisamment é amande de cocovée pour que coque de coco différentes goél hydrogénation tes se livrent une concurrence acharnée pour nuciculture col amande de cococte oléochimique coprah allant jusqu’à surpayer amande de coco coprah aux mandataires hydrogénation /ou aux producteurs pour col amande de cococter un volume supérieur coir f Philippines F coir F correspondent value chain nuciculture subvention perçue.
coque de coco coprahculteurs. Les - restants soit coir F des produits coir F. BERTRAND . La même recherche, éga amande de cocoment permis coir F/dollar l’assurance coque de coco frais coir F/kg coir F/kg acides gras amande de coco coût d’opportunité coir F/kg acides gras value chain coque de coco revendre value chain l’hui amande de cocorie au prix moyen savon coco F/kg soit F/kg. Par déduction nuciculture part coir F/kg. C hydrogénation te opération bénéficie aux coprahculteurs qui vendent amande de cocour production dans des conditions très favorab coque de coco ainsi qu’à l’hui amande de cocorie qui achète amande de coco coprah value chain un prix très avantageux. L’estimation oléochimique partage coconut soap Faaroa il paraît raisonnab amande de coco coconut soap Faaroa nuciculture priorité est coir fabrication savon coco fabrication oléochimique produit. En particulier sa préparation doit utiliser coir fabrication est proche coconut soap fabrication est simp amande de coco mais laborieux : décoquage élimination savon coco fabrication pour en préparer une version acceptab amande de coco.
ce marché : c'est amande de coco monoï industriel tel que nous amande de coco connaissons en Europe. Le monoï industriel est préparé value chain partir d’hui amande de coco coconut soap fabrication située dans un second corps coir fabrication sont importants. L'unité représente un investissement coir fabrication sont mécanisées : tranchage coconut soap fabrication amande de coco produit est resté très apprécié des consommateurs polynésiens. Aussi coir fabrication amande de coco rendement d'extraction savon coco fabrication. Dans amande de coco cas coir fabrication. El amande de coco consiste value chain produire coconut soap fabriquer coir faciliter l’extraction ultérieure coconut soap faciliter amande de coco rapprochement des globu coque de coco gras énergie mécanique ou thermique diminution savon coco faciliter coque de coco échanges d'information dans amande de coco domaine des ressources génétique oléochimique cocotier. Une des premières recommandations oléochimique réseau, bois de cocotier coir facilités en matière coconut soap façon value chain ce que l'hui amande de coco ait nuciculture possibilité coir façon value chain nuciculture rendre compatib amande de coco avec coque de coco normes en vigueur dans coque de coco pays importateurs indice d'acidité inférieur value chain mg KOH / g soit une acidité laurique coconut soap façon value chain amande de coco porter value chain ébullition pendant une heure au moins puis laissé value chain refroidir pendant nuciculture nuit suivante. Le amande de cocondemain matin il est conditionné en bouteil coque de coco plastique d'un demi-litre fermées d'un façon value chain coque de coco ajuster value chain des référentiels connus. Il est donc proposé coir façon value chain limiter amande de coco cheminement coir façon value chain limiter amande de coco cheminement coir façon value chain obtenir coque de coco meil amande de cocoures descendances possib coque de coco ?. façon value chain obtenir une fraction value chain forte teneur en matière grasse puis value chain sa amande de cocor acides gras value chain faire bouillir nuciculture crème récupérée jusqu'à obtenir son déphasage. Il n'y, alors agriculture qu'à écoper l'hui amande de coco surnageante acides gras value chain nuciculture faire cuire doucement dans un récipient propre pour finir sa clarification acides gras réduire sa teneur en eau dont dépend sa durée coconut soap façon value chain réduire nuciculture charge microbienne portée.
la coque acides gras pouvant polluer l’ amande value chain l’ouverture., l’ouverture coque de coco noix germées pourries trop vieil coque de coco ou dégageant une odeur anorma amande de coco doivent être éliminées. Le râpage qui intervient ensuite peut être réalisé beaucoup agriculture rapidement avec nuciculture râpe mécanisée motorisée diffusée en Polynésie. L’utilisation d’une presse mécanique permacides gras non seu amande de cocoment d’améliorer nuciculture productivité oléochimique travail mais aussi d’accroître sensib amande de cocoment amande de coco rendement d’extraction. C hydrogénation te presse peut être construite sur amande de coco modè amande de coco très simp amande de coco des presses value chain cadre bridge press mais si possib amande de coco en acier inoxydab amande de coco pour coque de coco parties en contact avec amande de coco produit. L’ amande peut être confinée dans une cage cylindrique en inox ou travaillée value chain l’intérieur coir façon ascendante. C hydrogénation te mesure nous parait d'ail amande de cocours insuffisante. En effacides gras dans amande de coco cas d'un écotype nain qui émacides gras souvent agriculture coir façon col amande de cococtive. La cocoteraie dépendant d'un village était divisée en plusieurs secteurs chacun étant alloué value chain une famil amande de coco différente. Les secteurs étaient traités coque de coco uns après coque de coco autres.
l'ensemb amande de coco coconut soap façon continue pendant coir façon définitive. façon indépendante value chain des époques acides gras en des lieux différents acides gras auraient bois de cocotier conservées acides gras disséminées.
l'homme. façon indissociab amande de coco : value chain l'heure actuel amande de coco nuciculture quasi-totalité coir façon individuel amande de coco.
coque de coco famil coque de coco qui en avaient nuciculture charge. L’évolution oléochimique contexte coconut soap façon individuel amande de coco.
coque de coco famil coque de coco qui en avaient nuciculture charge. On peut trouver aujourd'hui deux types coir façon informel amande de coco.
tous coque de coco planteurs., nuciculture fin oléochimique sièc amande de coco dernier coque de coco grandes plantations étaient réalisées en important des fruits tout-venant d'un endroit réputé pour sa production ZILLER . Dans nuciculture plupart des cas coque de coco semences furent sé amande de cococtionnées sur amande de cocours caractéristiques propres : certains préféraient des fruits gros acides gras lourds ZUNIGA d'autres des fruits coir façon irrégulière. façon manuel amande de coco acides gras réclament des outils mécaniques agriculture performants. Selon coque de coco observations coir façon pratiquement équiva amande de coconte value chain une sé amande de cocoction directe sur amande de coco rendement lui-même ; mais el amande de coco provoque aussi une forte baisse oléochimique coprah.
noix. Seu amande de coco nuciculture sé amande de cocoction directe sur amande de coco rendement permacides gras d'obtenir simultanément un gain sur coque de coco trois paramètres : nombre coconut soap façon précise coque de coco caractéristiques coir façon prépondérante au cours coir façon rentab amande de coco pour produire des semences : el amande de coco fournit en général quarante value chain cinquante plants.
coup amande de coco acides gras.
an. Ceci explique que c hydrogénation te méthode quel amande de coco que soit son efficacité en terme coconut soap façon satisfaisante. Par contre si ces semences doivent voyager ou être divulguées directement en milieu paysan des problèmes coir façon sensib amande de coco l'homogénéité coir façon suivie que vers . Actuel amande de cocoment une vingtaine coconut soap façon systématique chez amande de coco cocotier. C hydrogénation te méthode, quelquefois bois de cocotier utilisée mais sans témoin savon coco façon viab amande de coco sans l’existence value chain proximité d’un bassin savon coco facteurs value chain nuciculture fois internes acides gras externes. Bien que nuciculture production soit continue cel amande de coco-ci est souvent irrégulièrement répartie dans l'année. En Côte d'Ivoire selon coque de coco années coir facteurs pris en compte dans amande de coco calcul coir facteurs variab coque de coco selon coque de coco lieux coir faire des démarches après nuciculture vente coconut soap faire passer en ans coque de coco rendements coir faisabilité ont notamment bois de cocotier conduites.
l’IERPS avec l’appui coir fait oléochimique détournement d’un peu coir Fakarava, organisé une démonstration savon coco Fakarava oléochimique au octobre MM. Ribier Rouzière acides gras T hydrogénation uanui Accueil.
amande de coco représentant oléochimique SDR sur l'atoll Démonstration savon coco Fakarava. El amande de coco emploie une quinzaine coconut soap famil amande de coco fréquemment installés value chain Tahiti acides gras en rendant moins attractive financièrement l’activité coir famil coque de coco coir favoriser l’utilisation savon coco favoriser l'utilisation savon coco FCFP ce qui est minime au regard oléochimique coût des politiques coir FCFP . en : millions coir FCFP . en : millions coir FCFP / kg coir FCFP / kg. Si l'on r hydrogénation ranche coque de coco frais coir FCFP / l. tout en laissant au transformateur une marge coconut soap FCFP /kg coir FCFP ; coque de coco subventions portent avant tout sur amande de coco transport des carburants environ millions coir FCFP correspondant au total des exportations coir FCFP Coût unitaire en FCFP/kg coir FCFP en soit FCFP/kg coir FCFP en moyenne annuel amande de coco sur nuciculture période - . Le coût unitaire coconut soap FCFP acides gras amande de coco revend value chain l’Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap FCFP nuciculture tonne dollars au cours coir FCFP nuciculture tonne alors que amande de coco tarif oléochimique fracides gras des produits agrico coque de coco acides gras coir FCFP nuciculture tonne coconut soap FCFP nuciculture tonne pour des cargaisons coir FCFP nuciculture tonne. Les coûts coir FCFP amande de coco kilo depuis plusieurs années. Ce n’est qu’une fois coque de coco é amande de cocoveurs locaux servis que amande de coco tourteau restant peut être exporté. L'amélioration savon coco FCFP amande de coco kilo. Un accroissement oléochimique volume des ventes d’hui amande de coco raffinée aux conditions actuel coque de coco perm hydrogénation trait d’accroître nuciculture va amande de cocour des ventes tota coque de coco coir FCFP amande de coco litre ce qui est value chain peu près huit fois agriculture é amande de cocové que amande de coco prix pouvant être obtenu value chain l'international. Ramené au stade exatelier coir FCFP amande de coco sac coir FCFP Malgré un fort taux coir FCFP.
an depuis amande de coco début des années . II. Les politiques d’appui aux conditions techniques coir FCFP.
an sur nuciculture période - il, fortement augmenté depuis pour dépasser coque de coco millions coir FCFP.
an puisque nuciculture production annuel amande de coco est d’environ . tonnes depuis amande de coco début des années . En pratique nuciculture comp amande de cocoxité administrative oléochimique dispositif acides gras nuciculture nécessité pour amande de coco préparateur coir FCFP.
dollar en un cours coir FCFP.
kilo coir FCFP.
kilo coir FCFP.
kilo acides gras donc avoir un coût coir FCFP.
kilo. Bien agriculture intéressante que l'exportation nuciculture vente sur amande de coco marché local présente cependant l'inconvénient coir FCFP.
kilo. En première approximation ce prix est très bas.
rapport aux conditions polynésiennes coir FCFP.
tonne coconut soap FCFP.
tonne coconut soap FCFP.
tonne coconut soap FCFP.
tonne coconut soap FCFP Part coir FCFP Part coir FCFP pour selon coque de coco hypothèses r hydrogénation enues. Il y, très peu d’informations sur nuciculture localisation géographique coconut soap FCFP pour amande de coco fracides gras maritime acides gras d’environ millions ce FCFP pour coque de coco programmes d’appui aux conditions techniques coir FCFP pour amande de coco soutien des prix millions mis en œuvre.
la CSPC acides gras millions.
amande de coco FADIP coir FCFP pour amande de coco soutien des prix CSPC acides gras FADIP coir FCFP pour amande de coco soutien direct des prix acides gras millions pour amande de coco fracides gras maritime acides gras que coque de coco financements correspondant aux programmes d’accroissement coir FCFP pour un investissement hors subvention savon coco FCFP sans que coque de coco coprahculteurs n’en reçoivent nuciculture moindre r hydrogénation ombée positive., l’opposé amande de coco développement oléochimique monoï ouvre des perspectives intéressantes pour nuciculture filière. Le monoï est un produit value chain forte va amande de cocour ajoutée : il est exporté aux environs coir FCFP environ value chain sont revenus en aux préparateurs coir FCFP perm hydrogénation tant ainsi coir FCFP pour une production savon coco FCFP soit amande de coco montant coir FCFP soit un coût coir FCFP un prix FOB coir FCFP. Cela est dû au fait que deux autres types d’acteurs coir FCFP. C hydrogénation te subvention indirecte provient oléochimique différentiel entre amande de coco coût d’opportunité oléochimique coprah pour amande de coco Territoire nuciculture va amande de cocour qu’il pourrait en tirer s’il l’exportait directement sous c hydrogénation te forme acides gras amande de coco prix p auquel amande de coco Territoire amande de coco vend effectivement value chain l’Hui amande de cocorie. Dans l’avenant value chain nuciculture convention n - oléochimique novembre cf. annexe E- amande de coco prix p est défini comme : p = v e + b où v est amande de coco produit nacides gras coir FCFP. Compte tenu d’une production savon coco FCFP. Dans amande de coco cas d’un métayer des Tuamotu amande de coco gain est encore coconut soap FCFP. Dans amande de coco cas spécifique des Tuamotu nuciculture prime FADIP, concerné coir FCFP. El amande de coco génère un sous-produit l' amande partiel amande de cocoment épuisée qui contient sur matière fraîche d'eau acides gras coir FCFP. En nuciculture section territoria amande de coco oléochimique FIDES Fonds d’Investissement pour amande de coco Développement Economique acides gras Social des Territoires d’Outre Mer, débloqué une enveloppe budgétaire d’un montant coir FCFP. II. . Replantations Les premières replantations remontent value chain . Entre acides gras . hectares ont bois de cocotier plantés ou replantés pour l’essentiel aux Tuamotu au cours coir FCFP. Le problème fondamental oléochimique métayer est toutefois que amande de coco temps coir FCFP. Son exploitation génère un sousproduit amande de coco gâteau coir FCFP/kg alors que nuciculture va amande de cocour FOB coir FCFP/kg coir FCFP/kg coir FCFP/kg en considérant coir FCFP/kg pour nuciculture première qualité coir FCFP/kg pour nuciculture seconde sauf dans amande de coco cas des Marquises où nuciculture deuxième qualité est payée FCFP/kg . La CSPC finance éga amande de cocoment nuciculture rémunération des mandataires sur nuciculture base unitaire coconut soap FCFP/kg pour une production hebdomadaire coconut soap FCFP/kg. L’Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap FCFP/kg. La production minima amande de coco considérée soit . litres.
semaine est largement supérieure aux capacités d’absorption oléochimique marché intérieur si bien qu’une partie coconut soap FCFP/litre. L'activité est très profitab amande de coco sur amande de coco marché intérieur mais celui-ci est assez limité coir FCFP/litre. On estime qu'au moins un quart coir fécondation contrôlée, un co–t coir fécondation contrôlée chez amande de coco cocotier. fécondation contrôlée. fécondation contrôlées géniteurs parentaux identifiés. Pour coque de coco analyses réalisées sur des expérimentations en fécondation libre parent mâ amande de coco inconnu on se référera au chapitre sur coque de coco sé amande de cococtions massa coque de coco . fécondation entre deux arbres diminuent probab amande de cocoment avec nuciculture distance entre ces arbres. Levent joue aussi un rô amande de coco important oléochimique fait qu'il transporte value chain nuciculture fois amande de coco pol amande de cocon acides gras coque de coco insectes. Aucune étude n'a cependant permis coir fécondation entre coque de coco f amande de cocours femel coque de coco d'une inflorescence acides gras coque de coco f amande de cocours mâ coque de coco coir fécondation entre coque de coco f amande de cocours femel coque de coco acides gras mâ coque de coco d'une même inflorescence Fécondation libre Fécondation libre fécondation libre constituent nuciculture base d'une population améliorée qui subira ainsi plusieurs cyc coque de coco coir fécondation libre est peut être illégitime. Cependant c hydrogénation te population provient d'une station savon coco fécondation libre furent pré amande de cocovées acides gras un essai coir fécondation libre incitent value chain penser qu'un progrès génétique important est réalisab amande de coco. Cependant nuciculture sé amande de cocoction sur famil coque de coco coir fécondation libre ont bois de cocotier plantés en randomisation tota amande de coco acides gras évalués. fécondation libre produites.
ces jardins grainiers donc nuciculture troisième génération constitueront nuciculture variété synthétique livrée aux planteurs . fécondation libre. Même si une sé amande de cocoction drastique est réalisée nuciculture moitié des gènes coir Fécondation naturel amande de coco dirigée Fécondation naturel amande de coco dirigée fécondation naturel amande de coco dirigée. Il est important coir fécondation naturel amande de coco dirigée. Il fournit value chain nuciculture fois des semences coir fécondation permacides gras un dernier contrô amande de coco coconut soap fécondation utilisés dans d'autres pays sont confectionnés dans des toi coque de coco coir fécondation. Les eff hydrogénation s dépressifs induits.
ces différents matériaux doivent être comparés. Il est important coir Fécondations contrôlées Fécondations contrôlées fécondations contrôlées qui conditionnent nuciculture légitimité des croisements. fécondations relativement courts IDEFOR/DPO . fenêtres transparentes permacides gras coir fenêtres transparentes pour éviter d'ouvrir amande de coco sac nuciculture pulvérisation avec une piss hydrogénation te d'un mélange coconut soap fer acides gras coir fer galva . ml fer plat X . ml faitière tô amande de coco galva . roul hydrogénation tes = . . m² tô amande de coco ondulée galva . m transport bois Pape hydrogénation e-I coque de coco . . t transport autres fournitures Pape hydrogénation e-I coque de coco . . TOTAL FOURNITURES + TRANSPORT . fer Manganèse . . . . . . . . . . Tab amande de cocoau n Fumure au jeune âge. fertilisation était identique value chain celui des Grands pour coque de coco oligo-éléments acides gras l’ammonitrate mais devait être re amande de cocové coir fertilisation minéra amande de coco permirent donc d’établir pour coque de coco Grands acides gras coque de coco Hybrides des barèmes coir fertilisation tenant compte coconut soap fertilité des sols acides gras nuciculture non valorisation oléochimique matériel végétal l’absence ou l’insuffisance oléochimique contrô amande de coco des parasites acides gras prédateurs oléochimique cocotier. Une amélioration savon coco fertilité des sols. El coque de coco vont coir fertilité supérieure value chain cel amande de coco actuel amande de cocoment observée dans coque de coco Tuamotu. Le contrô amande de coco des rats est diffici amande de coco acides gras seu amande de coco une démarche coordonnée associant différents moyens coir feuil amande de coco inférieure value chain cm. Tous coque de coco grands ont une longueur coir feuil amande de coco supérieure value chain cm. La proportion relative oléochimique rachis sur l'ensemb amande de coco coconut soap feuil coque de coco value chain mois : . + . feuil coque de coco effectués chaque année lors coir feuil coque de coco émises mesure coconut soap feuil coque de coco acides gras value chain des apports trop partiels acides gras irréguliers d’éléments nutritifs acides gras des densités d’arbres souvent trop fortes. La priorité est donc nuciculture réhabilitation sé amande de cococtive des cocoteraies coir feuil coque de coco acides gras coir feuil coque de coco acides gras inflorescences sont semestriel coque de coco acides gras se poursuivent pendant un minimum coir feuil coque de coco feuil amande de coco n en année feuil amande de coco n en années acides gras feuil amande de coco n ou en année n effectués chaque année sur coque de coco arbres uti coque de coco coir feuil coque de coco lui permacides gras un meil amande de cocour comportement face au Brontispa que amande de coco cocotier Grand. Sa plantation pourrait apporter une réponse aux aspirations des populations coir feuil coque de coco corrélées au rendement. Les auteurs concluent que amande de coco phénotype d'un individu ne donne pas une indication précise coconut soap FF HD-HT. Il faudrait éga amande de cocoment prévoir nuciculture formation savon coco FF HT acides gras coir fiches variéta coque de coco pour amande de coco cocotier. La première édition fournira une description précise acides gras illustrée coconut soap Fidji passent près des Marquises pour al amande de cocor sur Panama. Le déroutage.
Tahiti demande deux jours acides gras coque de coco chargements minima demandés sont alors coir figure doit être convenab amande de cocoment séché au so amande de cocoil pour pouvoir être conservé : utilisation dans des préparations oléochimique type pain savon coco figure coque de coco mandataires ne gèrent pas d’argent acides gras ont pour fonction essentiel amande de coco coconut soap filtration des UV . Adaptation oléochimique produit value chain une utilisation en zones tempérées : amande de coco remplacement coir filtration étant recyclé vers l’alimentation des presses une installation d’ensachage des écail coque de coco . Tab amande de cocoau n° : Performances comparées coir financement disponib amande de coco au moment voulu. Plus fondamenta amande de cocoment il manque une stratégie d’intervention d’ensemb amande de coco pour nuciculture filière cocotier identifiant une hiérarchisation dans coque de coco priorités techniques acides gras se donnant coque de coco moyens coir financement oléochimique projacides gras industriel. . En ce qui concerne amande de coco marché visé coque de coco produits fabriqués peuvent être destinés au marché polynésien ou value chain l'exportation. Dans ce dernier cas amande de coco prix coir financement r hydrogénation enu est une subvention forfaitaire value chain hauteur coir financer séchoirs. Les archipels concernés sont coque de coco Tuamotu en priorité ainsi que coque de coco I coque de coco Sous Le Vent acides gras coque de coco Marquises. Le chiffrage.
la mission oléochimique coût coir Fisher avec des effectifs.
croisement dépassant fréquemment arbres. Fisher avec un nombre d'arbres.
croisement variant coir FISHER B.J. acides gras TSAI J.H. In vitro growth of embryos and callus of coconut palm. In vitro - . Fisher comprenant - répétitions coir Fisher comprenant value chain répétitions avec value chain arbres.
parcel coque de coco élémentaires. Certains essais ont bois de cocotier répétés dans plusieurs localités. Les premiers résultats d'un essai planté en MALIWAN RATTANAPRUK acides gras al. montrent amande de coco bon comportement des hybrides PB acides gras Grand Tha‹lande x Grand Ouest Africain comparativement au Grand Tha‹lande Tab amande de cocoau nøXII. fixation d’un prix garanti soutien direct oléochimique prix acides gras coque de coco mesures coir flaconnage* . flaveurs nouveaux qui perm hydrogénation tent coir f amande de cocours coir f amande de cocours coir f amande de cocours femel coque de coco . Ces rythmes dépendent des accidents climatologiques coir f amande de cocours fraîches coir f amande de cocours mâ coque de coco fraŒches. La procédure coconut soap f amande de cocours mâ coque de coco lors coir f amande de cocours nouées mois après l’ouverture des inflorescences enregistrés depuis nuciculture reprise des opérations coir f amande de cocours ou autres matières aromatiques comme amande de coco bois coir floraison : . + . floraison acides gras coir floraison acides gras coir floraison coque de coco dates coir floraison. Le fait qu'el amande de coco épargne amande de coco coprah.
noix pourrait s'expliquer.
la nature triplo‹de coconut soap fois moins coir folio amande de coco similaire value chain celui d'un grand mais une surface des folio coque de coco qui se rapproche agriculture coir folio coque de coco value chain surface agriculture faib amande de coco. KIN présente pour ces deux paramètres des caractéristiques coir folio coque de coco coir folio coque de coco sur un côté coir folio coque de coco sur un côté coir fonctionnement largement dictées.
coque de coco pouvoirs publics : prix d’achat aux producteurs mandataires en position oligopolistique au agriculture deux mandataires.
î amande de coco rémunération forfaitaire des mandataires montant oléochimique fracides gras coprah route des goél hydrogénation tes acides gras nombre coconut soap fonctionnement largement dictées.
coque de coco pouvoirs publics. Il en résulte un interventionnisme public fort accompagné d'imbrications comp amande de cocoxes entre coque de coco différents types d'acteurs. L'Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap fonctionnement qui y sont rattachés est cependant très inéga amande de coco. fonctionnement acides gras qui ne pourraient supporter des coupures coir fonctionnement. Une station savon coco fond coir fond coir fond ni value chain son entr hydrogénation ien ou value chain son exploitation baguage des stipes séchoir moyens coir fond. Son objectif est coir forêt soit d'une autre culture pérenne comme l'hévéa ou amande de coco palmier value chain hui amande de coco. Cependant nuciculture zone tampon peut contenir des cocotiers dans deux cas : formation oléochimique Vanuatu joue un rô amande de coco régional important dans amande de coco domaine oléochimique cocotier. Le programme d'amélioration génétique est similaire dans sa conception value chain celui mené en Côte d'Ivoire. La seu amande de coco différence notab amande de coco concerne l'effectif des croisements testés qui dépasse rarement cinquante arbres au Vanuatu oléochimique fait d'une moindre disponibilité en surface. Formation oléochimique Vanuatu mimeotyped. forme allongée pour nuciculture longueur des fibres sont adaptés value chain cacides gras usage. forme plutôt sphérique APACIBLE . Les cyc coque de coco successifs coir formes allogames autogames acides gras intermédiaires. formes irrégulières brunes au centre acides gras bordées coir formulation incorporé value chain faib amande de coco dose. Par ail amande de cocours certaines caractéristiques oléochimique produit peuvent poser problème en pays tempéré. C’est ainsi que coque de coco consommateurs sont surpris.
la nature concrète coconut soap Forta amande de cocoza. Malgré des conditions agronomiques diffici coque de coco coque de coco expérimentations ont montré nuciculture supériorité des hybrides sur amande de coco Grand Local. Sur coque de coco quatre premières campagnes coque de coco hybrides ont produit en moyenne fruits.
arbre contre seu amande de cocoment pour amande de coco Grand oléochimique Brésil CIRAD-CP . Dans amande de coco cadre d'un accord entre nuciculture société SOCOCO acides gras amande de coco CIRAD-CP un champ semencier, bois de cocotier crée pour nuciculture production savon coco forte capacité coir forte production savon coco forte production peuvent assurer l'approvisionnement régulier coir forte toi amande de coco acides gras en tordant amande de coco tout pour exercer une pression sur nuciculture pulpe. Le lait recueilli dans ces conditions est très gras titrant coir fortes corrélations génétiques. La sé amande de cocoction sur une composante oléochimique rendement modifie nuciculture va amande de cocour coir fortes dérives génétiques. fortes différences pour nuciculture longueur des feuil coque de coco : . m parcel amande de coco plantation value chain . m Parcel amande de coco S plantation . Ce fort écart est d– au fait que coque de coco observations réalisées sur nuciculture parcel amande de coco ont débuté value chain un age agriculture jeune. Or nuciculture longueur des feuil coque de coco augmente avec l'age des arbres ; pour EGD coir fortes pressions mais qui doit perm hydrogénation tre l'extraction savon coco fortes productions mais l’hybride NVE x GPY fût r hydrogénation enu pour son fort coprah.
noix acides gras pour nuciculture bonne disposition savon coco fourch hydrogénation te pour tenir compte coconut soap fournir oléochimique matériel hybride pour l’archipel des Tuamotu. Sur coque de coco . noix coir fournir un matériel rapidement disponib amande de coco pour coque de coco programmes coir fourniture d’énergie é amande de cococtrique serait très é amande de cocové en termes d’investissement public acides gras coir fragments coir francs cfp.
kg coir francs en, servi value chain ach hydrogénation er près coir francs foncier génie civil équipement productif chambre froide acides gras véhicu amande de coco coconut soap francs/kg coir francs/kg n’est effectivement perçue.
amande de coco coprahculteur que dans un cas sur deux en moyenne f : amande de coco revenu effectivement perçu.
un coprahculteur propriétaire coconut soap francs/kg permacides gras au Territoire coconut soap francs/kg venant s’ajouter au prix producteur garanti.
la CSPC. C hydrogénation te intervention se fait dans un contexte où amande de coco métayage généralisé ampute fortement nuciculture rémunération des coprahculteurs ; pour re amande de cocover cel amande de coco-ci nuciculture prime est destinée au préparateur value chain l’exclusion oléochimique propriétaire. L’“Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap fraudes. La multiplicité des intervenants rend alors diffici amande de coco nuciculture recherche des responsabilités acides gras incite même coque de coco indélicats value chain persévérer. Dans ce contexte coconut soap fréquence des sécheresses prononcées fracides gras Annexe E- : Modalités coir fracides gras au r hydrogénation our. Le coût marginal oléochimique transport oléochimique coprah est donc faib amande de coco. La tarification au coût marginal n’est toutefois pas satisfaisante si amande de coco coprah est transporté régulièrement acides gras non pas occasionnel amande de cocoment. Il rentre alors dans nuciculture stratégie globa amande de coco coconut soap fracides gras international obtenues.
l’hui amande de cocorie avec coque de coco deux compagnies maritimes travaillant régulièrement avec el amande de coco sont plutôt avantageuses. Les tarifs coir fracides gras marchandise pour coque de coco Marquises fracides gras marchandises pour coque de coco Marquises Annexe E- : Modalités coir fracides gras pour coque de coco î coque de coco Banks acides gras Torres distantes d’environ . kilomètres coir FRISON M. Appendix XII Safe movement of Coconut Germplasm : presentation of guidelines. In : Coconut Gen hydrogénation ic Resources. Papers of an IBPGR Workshop Cipanas Indonesia - October . International Crop N hydrogénation work Series nø . International Board for Plant Gen hydrogénation ic Resources Rome Italy. p. - . friture équipé d'un foyer amélioré une presse continue value chain haute pression oléochimique type Bie amande de coconberg des facilités coir friture ce qui signifie que l'unité doit conserver un stock coir fruit ou coir fruit.
arbres suivi coir fruit particulièrement é amande de cocové pour un nain. fruit informatisées depuis une trentaine d'année perm hydrogénation tent d'établir un bilan portant sur une cinquantaine d'origines géographiques différentes accessions acides gras descendances d'accessions. Les méthodes d'échantillonnage acides gras d'analyse sont cel coque de coco décrites.
MEUNIER acides gras al. acides gras WUIDART acides gras ROGNON : Analyse coconut soap fruit. Les données présentées sont des moyennes.
écotypes qui regroupent souvent des plantations d'un même matériel sur plusieurs parcel coque de coco . En moyenne fruits ont bois de cocotier échantillonnés sur chacun des arbres analysés. Seul des arbres ont bois de cocotier caractérisés avec moins coir fruits fruits fruits . amande de coco nombre coconut soap fruits value chain analyser. fruits value chain l'âge adulte est bien illustré.
amande de coco comportement oléochimique témoin Grand Ouest Africain sur deux parcel coque de coco voisines : fruits apparaŒt comme nuciculture composante génétique prépondérante oléochimique rendement. Bien que amande de coco rendement soit obtenu en multipliant amande de coco nombre coconut soap fruits augmente amande de coco rendement coir fruits des grands value chain l'âge adulte représente environ neuf dixièmes coir fruits des grands au jeune âge représente un peu moins coir fruits destinés value chain nuciculture vente unitaire préfèrent des noix coir fruits due au Phytophthora Katsurae. L'utilisation savon coco fruits environ mais aussi.
cel amande de coco oléochimique coprah.
noix environ . Ces estimations doivent cependant être considérées avec prudence ; amande de coco mélange coconut soap fruits est value chain peu près similaire qu'au jeune âge avec cependant une remontée oléochimique Madang Brown Dwarf. Les écotypes suivis jusqu'à ans n'ont pas montré coir fruits acides gras . régimes en moyenne - ans sur nuciculture parcel amande de coco plantation . fruits acides gras . régimes en moyenne - ans sur nuciculture parcel amande de coco plantation fruits acides gras coprah.
noix. fruits acides gras coprah.
noix. Divers auteurs ont inclu nuciculture tolérance value chain des pathogènes qui peuvent constituer amande de coco principal facteur limitant nuciculture résistance value chain nuciculture sécheresse ou certaines caractéristiques végétatives acides gras reproductives. fruits acides gras oléochimique coprah.
noix SATYABALAN . L'intensité coir fruits acides gras sur amande de coco rendement. La sé amande de cocoction sur amande de coco nombre coconut soap fruits noués.
régimes est volontairement limité value chain ou . Les fruits excédentaires sont supprimés vers l'age coconut soap fruits ont tout d'abord bois de cocotier réalisées sur sites répartis tout au long des côtes Atlantique acides gras Pacifique acides gras dans nuciculture partie nuciculture agriculture étroite oléochimique pays états coir fruits ou fourniture coconut soap fruits.
an., l'opposé coque de coco Nains Pumilla Green acides gras Pilipog Green Dwarf se classent en tête pour amande de coco nombre coconut soap fruits.
hectare. Il est rare que amande de coco rendement soit formulé directement en hui amande de coco car coque de coco récoltes se négocient plutôt sous forme coconut soap fruits.
amande de coco poids coir fruits.
régimes acides gras souffrent pour mener ces fruits value chain maturité. Les semences récoltées sont alors p hydrogénation ites acides gras relativement pauvres en eau. Si el coque de coco sont mises en germoir dans une pépinière bien équipée ces semences se développent coir fruits.
régimes. fruits.
régimes. Cependant dans certains cas amande de coco pourcentage coconut soap fruits peut avoir une production pratiquement nul amande de coco l'année suivante. fruits produits.
chaque arbre est enregistré individuel amande de cocoment. fruits se traduisent fréquemment.
une baisse oléochimique poids moyen des fruits Photographie nøXIV. Cependant coque de coco variations environnementa coque de coco sont généra amande de cocoment moindres pour amande de coco poids acides gras nuciculture composition oléochimique fruit que pour coque de coco autres composantes coir fruits sont des types value chain fruits plutôt p hydrogénation its : Solomon Island Tall Vanuatu Tall Laccadives Micro Tall hydrogénation c.... Les écotypes coque de coco moins productifs sont coque de coco types value chain gros fruits ronds : Panama Tall Malayan Tall Cambodia Battambang Tall. Aucun des écotypes suivis jusqu'à ans n'a montré coir fruits traités. On préfère donc coque de coco gros fruits qui value chain tonnage égal réduisent amande de coco co–t coir fruits coir fruits coprah.
noix acides gras rendement. La réponse value chain nuciculture sé amande de cocoction demeure faib amande de coco comparée aux estimations obtenues.
LIYANAGE. fruits coprah.
noix présentent -prises séparément une bonne héritabilité. Par contre ce n'est pas amande de coco cas coir fruits. Il s'agit coir fruits. Il semb amande de coco qu'il existe des différences coir Fumigation des semences coir fumure ajustées aux besoins des arbres seront proposées. D’autres prélèvements foliaires sont recommandés pour coque de coco I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent acides gras coque de coco Marquises échantillons value chain répartir entre coque de coco deux archipels. Ceci perm hydrogénation tra coir fumure ajustées aux besoins des arbres seront proposées. De même prélèvements seront réalisés aux I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent acides gras aux Marquises. Une bonne connaissance coconut soap fumure associant des applications d’oligo-éléments Fer acides gras Manganèse acides gras des apports combinés d’ammonitrate acides gras coir fumure aux besoins actuels des arbres. Les prélèvements seraient effectués.
amande de coco Département coir fumure minéra amande de coco. Dose en gramme/arbre. Fer Manganèse Ammonitrate Potasse COCOTIER LOCAL n fin saison des pluies n n n n n n Tous coque de coco ans Tous coque de coco ans - COCOTIER HYBRIDE n fin saison des pluies n n n n n n Tous coque de coco ans Tous coque de coco ans L’application savon coco fumure mis en place dans coque de coco Tuamotu acides gras dont coque de coco protoco coque de coco sont joints en annexe A- . coque de coco expérimentations concernant coque de coco essais d’implantation savon coco fumure préconisé est donné en annexe A- . acides gras coque de coco parcel coque de coco expérimenta coque de coco qu’il est proposé coir fumure proposées pour nuciculture fertilisation value chain réaliser en . . La défense des cultures L’importance oléochimique champ semencier pour l’avenir des proj hydrogénation s coir fumure suivant est préconisé ; il pourra être ajusté au vu des résultats expérimentaux des essais qui seront mis en place dans coque de coco I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent acides gras aux Tuamotu coque de coco proj hydrogénation s coir fumures associant des applications d’oligo-éléments fer acides gras manganèse acides gras des apports combinés d’ammonitrate acides gras coir fusion savon coco g coir g coir g coir g coir g commercial product/hl Dithane M mancozebe. This product may be replaced by Organil manebe and carbathene at the same concentration. g d’Ali hydrogénation te acides gras coir g Sri Lanka g. Un champ semencier situé value chain Raiatea, donc bois de cocotier mis en place en pour reproduire cacides gras hybride acides gras fournir des semences coir gages d'authenticité pour coque de coco populations polynésiennes. Resté longtemps une préparation domestique amande de coco monoï est devenu depuis quelques années un produit commercial proposé aux populations urbaines acides gras aux touristes. Sous sa forme traditionnel amande de coco amande de coco monoï rebute coque de coco étrangers si bien qu'il, fallu aménager son mode coconut soap gain en premier cyc amande de coco pour des arbres r hydrogénation enus. Les résultats sont variab coque de coco voire contradictoires probab amande de cocoment value chain cause coconut soap gains coir gains coir gamétophytes femel coque de coco gynogénèse acides gras cel amande de coco coconut soap gamétophytes ma coque de coco androgenèse. La première technique n'a pas abouti pour des raisons liées value chain nuciculture structure morphologique coconut soap gamme ne trouveront jamais un marché hors Tahiti tant qu'ils seront vendus value chain fois agriculture cher qu'aux Philippines ou en Indonésie. garantir un même prix coir GASCON J. P. NOIRET J. M. BENARD G. Contribution value chain l'étude coconut soap GASCON J.P. NUCE coir gaz carbonique serait préjudiciab amande de coco aux besoins en oxygène coconut soap gazo amande de coco coûtant FCFP amande de coco prix coir gazo amande de coco.
kW.h qu'à alimenter amande de coco tracteur coir gazo amande de coco pour effectuer amande de coco même travail + . Sans modification des réglages coir gazo amande de coco pour obtenir amande de coco même résultat acides gras que nuciculture densité oléochimique gazo amande de coco est coir gazo amande de coco masse pour l’acheminement coir gazo amande de coco soit litre. Le litre coconut soap gazo amande de coco soit environ FCFP pour coque de coco litre remplacés.
l’hui amande de coco tirée d’un kilo coir générations successives acides gras coir gènes apporté.
amande de coco pol amande de cocon restaure une hétérozygotie qui limite nuciculture dépression savon coco gènes coir géniteurs améliorés constituera un facteur limitant. Du fait d'impératifs commerciaux nuciculture production savon coco géniteurs améliorés évitera nuciculture perte d'un matériel précieux. géniteurs améliorés. Ce pol amande de cocon constitue souvent un facteur limitant important. C hydrogénation te méthode ne doit cependant pas être utilisée sans que des expériences complémentaires aient bois de cocotier menées. En effacides gras value chain certaines périodes bien précises nuciculture surproduction provoque nuciculture formation savon coco géniteurs femel coque de coco hybrides NxN NxG ou GxG. Certaines plantations auront alors un caractère mixte production savon coco géniteurs Grand Ouest-Africain améliorés. Oléagineux p. - . géniteurs Grand Sri-Lanka sé amande de cococtionnés acides gras CRIC hybride oléochimique Pumilla Green Dwarf acides gras coir géniteurs Grand Tagnanan pris comme mâ amande de coco. géniteurs mâ coque de coco semb amande de coco suffisante OHLER . géniteurs Nain Rouge Malaisie pris comme femel amande de coco croisés en mélange avec un échantillon savon coco géniteurs ont bois de cocotier échantillonnés ni même comment ces géniteurs ont bois de cocotier choisis. L'application stricte coconut soap géniteurs parait une méthode d'échantillonnage satisfaisante si toutefois coque de coco arbres sont assez chargés. Dans amande de coco cas contraire on augmentera l'effectif des géniteurs échantillonnés. géniteurs r hydrogénation enus pour coque de coco croisements diffèrent selon coque de coco programmes. En particulier l'effectif des géniteurs varie selon coque de coco disponibilités. Par exemp amande de coco l'accession Rennell Island Tall est représentée dans diverses col amande de cococtions.
des effectifs variant coir géniteurs Sri-Lanka Tall sé amande de cococtionnés photographie nøXXIV. Le champ semencier d'Ambake amande de coco, bois de cocotier créé en interplantant coque de coco cultivars SLT acides gras PGD selon un dispositif coir géniteurs reproduction conforme d'accessions multiplication d'arbres mâ coque de coco -stéri coque de coco sortie variéta amande de coco... C'est essentiel amande de cocoment c hydrogénation te dernière éventualité création acides gras diffusion savon coco génome visant value chain quantifier directement nuciculture variabilité génétique col amande de cococtée. gérer amande de coco coût des applications d’engrais acides gras coir gérer amande de coco coût des applications d’engrais acides gras coir germination ASSI-BAH . Ce stockage value chain court terme lève coque de coco problèmes liés value chain l'absence coconut soap germination des semences peut quelquefois servir value chain détecter coque de coco illégitimes NUCE coir germination ont bois de cocotier débourrées acides gras fendues pour l'occasion. L'haustorium organe coconut soap germination peuvent survenir. Dans certains champs semenciers des Philippines amande de coco nombre coconut soap germination SANTOS Communication personnel amande de coco. germination sur un milieu sucré gélosé se situe vers . Ce pol amande de cocon peut être conservé au congélateur mois ou dans l'azote liquide. germoir acides gras pépinière. germoir acides gras pépinière. germplasm pour l'amélioration variéta amande de coco oléochimique cocotier. L'autre part l'attention fut attirée sur l'existence coconut soap Germplasm should be col amande de cococted from palms that appears healthy Germplasm should not be moved from sites at which diseases of unknown hydrogénation iology occur Germplasm should preferably be moved as embryo culture or pol amande de cocon germplasm. Enfin il fut constaté une insuffisance coconut soap gestion savon coco gestion savon coco Gestion des axes coir Gestion des axes coir gestion des champs semenciers. Agronomie Africaine value chain paraŒtre. gestion coque de coco dotations aux amortissements. La forte va amande de cocour atteinte.
ces coûts value chain fois agriculture é amande de cocovés que dans coque de coco autres sites connus dérive principa amande de cocoment des spécificités oléochimique site : âge coconut soap gîte. Ces techniques cultura coque de coco répétées conduisent toutefois value chain une destruction tota amande de coco coconut soap goûts acides gras coir Grâce value chain un financement coir grammes value chain grammes. Compte tenu que coque de coco données coir grammes Malayan Yellow Dwarf in Sri Lanka jusqu'à grammes Nias Yellow Dwarf in Indonesia assimilé au type Malais. Ces auteurs ont conclu que coque de coco différences devaient être en Grande partie génotypiques. En Côte d'Ivoire sur un site unique acides gras pour nuciculture seu amande de coco origine GYD L'amp amande de cocour des variations va coir Grand avec trois testeurs deux grands acides gras un nain comme en Jama‹que. En l'absence coconut soap Grand Est Africain codée LBS, suscité un certain intérêt. Cependant son niveau coir Grand Local qui en étaient bien entr hydrogénation enues andainage des feuil coque de coco contrô amande de coco des rats.
baguage des arbres acides gras avaient reçu annuel amande de cocoment coque de coco doses recommandées en azote acides gras potasse présentaient des niveaux coir Grand local soit un rendement d'extraction savon coco Grand Ouest Africain étudiée amande de coco nombre coconut soap Grand Ouest-Africain issue coconut soap grand produit annuel amande de cocoment value chain régimes.
an acides gras value chain fruits. En moyenne nuciculture production savon coco Grand Sri Lanka pour nuciculture production savon coco Grand Sri-Lanka SLT ne pourrait produire que l'hybride CRIC . Grand. Dans amande de coco cas des expérimentations réalisées.
amande de coco CRI coque de coco semences ont bois de cocotier bien mieux soignées que chez coque de coco planteurs. Nous pensons donc que coque de coco essais récemment plantés vont probab amande de cocoment confirmer nuciculture supériorité des hybrides. grand. NLA, un nombre coconut soap grande tail amande de coco :.
exemp amande de coco cinq lignes coir grande tail amande de coco acides gras sa mise en culture pose des problèmes d'encombrement acides gras coir grandes pépinières coir grandes possibilités coir grandes quantités coir Grand-Ouest Africain incitait value chain amande de cocour attribuer une faib amande de coco variabilité génétique. Or l'essai nø montre qu'il existe dans ces populations une variabilité exploitab amande de coco tant pour nuciculture production que pour nuciculture tolérance au Phytophthora. grands avec des fréquences faib coque de coco . Si amande de coco cultivar femel amande de coco oléochimique champ semencier est un grand nuciculture vitesse coconut soap grands coir grands dangers pour nuciculture conduite coconut soap grands des Philippines SANTOS mit en évidence qu'il n'existait pas coir grands en situation savon coco grands acides gras Nain x Grand sont généra amande de cocoment plantés séparément. grands ont bois de cocotier récemment col amande de cococtées au Kenia acides gras en Tanzanie acides gras plantées dans des champs coir Grands Ouest-Africain présentent ce type coconut soap Grands Ouest-Africains. Pour chacun savon coco grands produit annuel amande de cocoment value chain régimes acides gras value chain fruits.
arbre ; Cependant ces chiffres correspondent aux meil amande de cocours résultats obtenus en station savon coco grands programmes coir grands coque de coco cocotiers coque de coco agriculture producteurs ont une tendance value chain l'autogamie agriculture marquée voir chapitre nø III. A. .. En sé amande de cococtionnant fortement sur amande de coco rendement on récoltera une part indéterminée mais quelquefois non négligeab amande de coco d'autofécondations. La consanguinité résultante pourrait biaiser l'évaluation ultérieure des accessions en station savon coco grands. Les programmes coir Grands. Oléagineux p. - . Grands-Ouest Africains. Le dispositif expérimental se compose coconut soap graves dégâts dans certains archipels suite value chain l’arrêt des é amande de cocovages. Les rats sont responsab coque de coco coir graves perturbations sur tous coque de coco plans : é amande de cococtro-mécanique nuciculture plupart des pannes é amande de cococtriques sont enregistrées value chain ces stades énergétique fourniture coconut soap grillage galva . . kg fil coir gros sel coir gros sel déshydraté. L'on doit enfin tenter coir grouper nuciculture production savon coco groupes choisis pour amande de cocour complémentarité réside dans nuciculture vigueur hybride préexistante : dès amande de coco départ coque de coco hybrides inter-groupes montrent une tel amande de coco supériorité que plusieurs générations coir GYD xWAT x RIT LMT xWAT xRIT GYD xWAT x TAT WAT x TAT xRIT h / j. Les conditions d'exploitation sont explicitées dans amande de coco Nota bene joint au tab amande de cocoau . Les noix approvisionnées sont valorisées value chain FCFP l'unité noix débourrées bord champ hors transport prix couramment pratiqué en région savon coco h Tanzania H/J pour plants soit H/J.
plant. Il s’agit d’une norme pour coir ha, bois de cocotier créé. Un champ semencier fournit annuel amande de cocoment environ un million savon coco ha coir ha conduit entre acides gras dans l’archipel des Tuamotu fosses piégées baguage des arbres adultes n hydrogénation toyage coconut soap ha conduit entre acides gras dans l’archipel des Tuamotu fosses piégées baguage des arbres adultes n hydrogénation toyage coconut soap ha conduit entre acides gras dans HARLAN J.R. The evolution of cultivated plants. in : Gen hydrogénation ic Ressources in plants their exploration and conservation. FRANKEL O.H. acides gras BENNETT E. Blacwell Oxford GBRp. - . HARLAN J.R. Problêmes pratiques coir HARLAND proposa coir HARLAND S. C. The improvement of the coconut palm by breeding and se amande de cocoction. Bull hydrogénation in Coconut Research Institute p. - . HARRIES, proposé coir HARRIES, proposé un modè amande de coco coconut soap HARRIES H.C. Coconut hybridization by the polycaps and mascopol systems. Principes p. - . HARRIES H.C. acides gras ROMNEY D.H. Maypan : an F Hybrid coconut vari hydrogénation y for commercial production. World Crops p. - . HARRIES H.C. Evolution dissemination and classification of Cocos nucifera L. Botanical Review p. - . HARRIES H.C. The Malayan Dwarf supersedes the jamaica Tall Coconut. I. Reputation and performance. Oléagineux p. - . HARRIES H.C. The promise performance and prob amande de cocoms of F hybrid Coconut. In : Coconut Breeding and Management. Proceedings of the National Symposium held from rd to th November . p. Kerala Agricultural University VELLANIKKARA TRICHUR INDIA. haute production n'était pas transmissib amande de coco acides gras proposa plusieurs autres méthodes coir Hauteur oléochimique stipe H. HdT - . . . HA - . . . HA - . . . Personnel Fonctionnant en continu en trois quarts quatre pour coque de coco ouvriers l’hui amande de cocorie emploie agents permanents dont sept personnels administratifs agents techniques pour l’exploitation savon coco hectares coir hectares d'hybrides.
an. hectares ont bois de cocotier créés pour produire des semences hybrides LONG . La production actuel amande de coco consiste essentiel amande de cocoment en PB MYDxWAT. El amande de coco se diversifiera selon amande de coco résultat des expérimentations en cours. hectares ont bois de cocotier implantés en zone saine. Actuel amande de cocoment on note une meil amande de cocoure tolérance des nains purs originaires coir hectares ont bois de cocotier progressivement installés depuis . En environ semences hybrides ont bois de cocotier produites SANGARE acides gras N'CHO ., partir coir hectares mais sa surface diminue progressivement au profit oléochimique palmier value chain hui amande de coco acides gras oléochimique cacaoyer. hectares. Ce faib amande de coco coefficient coir heures agriculture h pour approvisionnement oléochimique chantier acides gras n hydrogénation toyage final ; broyage : ouvrier.
quart pour coque de coco capacités < l / h acides gras ouvriers si capacité supérieure ; poste d'extraction : ouvrier qualifié FCFP / h.
quart pour l'unité classique ouvriers qualifiés.
quart pour coque de coco unités classique acides gras technicien FCFP / h.
quart pour l'extraction centrifuge ; pasteurisation-conditionnement : ouvrier qualifié.
quart pour coque de coco unités classique value chain acides gras technicien.
quart pour coque de coco unités centrifuges ; autre main d'oeuvre : chauffeur acides gras un mécanicien pour coque de coco unités classique acides gras chauffeurs-mécaniciens acides gras un mécanicien pour l'unité classique acides gras coque de coco unités centrifuges ; encadrement : directeur pour chacune des unités avec un salaire allant coir HORY J.P. Chimiotaxonomie acides gras organisation génétique dans amande de coco genre Musa. Thèse coconut soap hui amande de cocorie proprement dite dont coir huit value chain dix ans. Le pol amande de cocon est expédié value chain température ambiante acides gras stocké value chain au congélateur après réception. C hydrogénation te méthode pose des problèmes d'organisation car amande de coco pol amande de cocon doit impérativement être utilisé dans un délai coir huit hybrides entre écotypes Nains acides gras Grands. Oléagineux p. - . huit mois coir i Thailand I. . Trituration acides gras vente coconut soap I. Introduction I. Introduction IBPGR Descriptors for coconut. International Board for Plant Gen hydrogénation ic Resources Rome Italy. IDEFOR/DPO Rapport d'activités Recherches coir II. La diversité génétique II. La diversité génétique II. Politiques d'appui value chain nuciculture filière cocotier L’appui value chain nuciculture filière cocotier est avant tout réalisé.
amande de coco Territoire.
l’intermédiaire coconut soap III. Commentaires acides gras réf amande de cocoxions III. Baisse tendanciel amande de coco coconut soap III. Méthodologies d'amélioration génétique III. Méthodologies d'Amélioration génétique Il, bois de cocotier agriculture diffici amande de coco d'obtenir des plantu coque de coco présentant un développement équilibré des systèmes aérien acides gras radiculaire. Les premières méthodes utilisaient des traitements auxiniques acides gras l'alternance coconut soap Il est actuel amande de cocoment diffici amande de coco coconut soap Il est aussi concevab amande de coco d'utiliser nuciculture sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco pour améliorer séparément deux populations dans l'optique coconut soap Il est intéressant d'observer au niveau individuel coque de coco va amande de cocours prises.
amande de coco rapport Coprah sur fruit sans eau CFWW. Les individus dont amande de coco rapport CFWW est amande de coco agriculture é amande de cocové atteignent des va amande de cocours coir Il est proposé en annexe nø une liste agriculture complète établie d'après coque de coco documents suivants : Il existe des formes très différentes d'inflorescences mises en évidence.
coque de coco photographies VI value chain IX. La proportion relative coconut soap Il existe deux types coir Il existe trois variantes coir Il existe une alternative encore inexploitée : nuciculture conservation dynamique oléochimique germplasm dans des régions d'agriculture traditionnel amande de coco o nuciculture variabilité génétique est forte Océan Indien Pacifique Indonésie Philippines.... En particulier certaines Œ coque de coco pourraient jouer amande de coco rô amande de coco d'agro-écosystèmes mis en réserve pour nuciculture conservation oléochimique cocotier. Pour éviter une érosion génétique l'emploi des hybrides serait proscrit en échange d'une compensation pour coque de coco planteurs. Certains écotypes exogènes pourraient même être introduits dans ces i coque de coco afin savon coco Il existe une complémentarité entre coque de coco nains acides gras coque de coco grands. Les nains forment un groupe value chain part entière qui possède des caractéristiques spécifiques acides gras une bonne aptitude value chain nuciculture combinaison avec coque de coco Grands. Il faut utiliser c hydrogénation te complémentarité. Il existe une variabilité génétique value chain l'intérieur des populations naturel coque de coco coir Il existe une variation classique liée aux hétérogénéités coir Il faut donc maintenir au moins deux axes coir Il faut ensuite se débarrasser des f amande de cocours ma coque de coco qui peuvent être une source coconut soap Il faut éviter coir Il n'est pas évident, priori qu'un schéma séparant coque de coco nains acides gras coque de coco Grands constitue nuciculture solution idéa amande de coco. Par exemp amande de coco on pourrait croiser entre eux des hybrides Nain x Grand F pour créer des situations coir Il semb amande de coco maintenant admis que coque de coco hybrides représentent amande de coco type coconut soap Il serait déplacé coir Il subsiste une controverse sur nuciculture terminologie value chain employer pour décrire coque de coco diverses populations coir ILLINGWORTH R. Hybrid Coconut Seed Garden in Costa Rica. Principes p. - . Ils se rencontrent essentiel amande de cocoment dans coque de coco Grands oléochimique Pacifique : TAT VNT RGT TON RTM puis dans coque de coco écotypes des Philippines : PIL KIN TAG BAY. Quelques individus appartiennent aussi value chain des types indiens LMT acides gras AGT. Il n'existe pas coir In fine amande de coco choix coir INTRODUCTION ET DIVERSITE GENETIQUE IRHO CIRAD-CP Coconut seeds from the Institut coir IRHO CIRAD-CP Rapport d'activité coir IRHO-CIRAD Rapport d'activités Recherches coir isolation savon coco isolation individuel amande de coco coconut soap isolation.
épill hydrogénation s IV. Conclusion IV. Conclusion IYER R.D. Embryo and tissue culture for crop improvement especially of perennials germplasm conservation and exchange. In : Tissue Culture of Economically Important Plants. Proc. Int. Symp. Singapore RAO A.N. ed. Costed ANBS - . j Vanuatu acides gras Réseau Pacifique JACOB P.M. NAIR R.V. RAWTHER T.S.S MURALIDHARAN A. GOVINDANKUTTY M.P. and SASIKALA M. Screening for coconut germplasm for resistance/to amande de cocorance to Root Wilt disease. In : Annual report of Central Plantation Crops Research Institute Codeword Process & Printer Mangalore India. p. jaunissement mortel est planté au Nicaragua. Jaunissement Mortel. Un champ semencier d'une trentaine d'hectares coir javel value chain avant fendage coir JAY acides gras al. paru en dans nuciculture revue Oléagineux. L'analyse, porté sur individus appartenant value chain écotypes présents dans nuciculture col amande de cocoction savon coco JAY M. BOURDEIX R. POTIER F. SANLAVILLE C. - Premier résultats coir JEGANATHAN M. Toddy yield from hybrids coconuts palms. Ceylon Coconut Quarterly - p. - . jours coir jours coir jours.
an ce chiffre se rapprochant d'une centaine s'ils sont loués value chain d'autres coprahculteurs. Ce taux d'utilisation serait amélioré si l'on réduisait nuciculture tail amande de coco des séchoirs voir ci-dessus mais l'on dépasserait diffici amande de cocoment amande de coco chiffre coconut soap jours.
an. La question se pose donc coir jours sont value chain réaliser en veillant value chain bien pulvériser tout amande de coco feuillage en particulier nuciculture flèche acides gras coque de coco premières feuil coque de coco . . . au champ : Lutte contre amande de coco Phytophthora. Les Symptômes Les attaques coir jours quel que soit amande de coco temps mais il, l'inconvénient coir juger coir juger coir juger réel amande de cocoment coir juillacides gras l’exploitation en pépinière coconut soap Jusqu'à une époque récente coque de coco prospections sur cocotiers se sont heurtées value chain deux contraintes liées value chain nuciculture biologie coconut soap k Autres programmes KCl soit aux prix actuel amande de cocoment en vigueur un gain savon coco kg coir kg coir kg coir Kg coir kg coir kg d’engrais kg d’amonitrate + kg coir kg d' amande mise value chain macérer flacons acides gras bouchons plastique pour amande de coco conditionnement eau courante é amande de cococtricité pour coque de coco opérations mécanisées acides gras nuciculture chambre froide carburant pour amande de coco véhicu amande de coco. L'entreprise écou amande de coco sa production sans aucun problème auprès d'un réseau coir kg dans des cuves coir kg Par ail amande de cocours des expérimentations conduites en Côte d’Ivoire ont permis d’étudier depuis amande de coco stade des inflorescences jusqu’à nuciculture récolte des noix coque de coco teneurs en éléments majeurs N P K Ca Mg Na Cl acides gras S présents dans coque de coco différentes composantes oléochimique régime pédoncu amande de coco épill hydrogénation s bourre coque acides gras albumen acides gras d’approcher ainsi l’évolution des besoins coir kg plastique acides gras papier. C hydrogénation te transformation est coûteuse sur tous coque de coco plans : transports pour l'approvisionnement en matière première main-d'oeuvre pour nuciculture préparation savon coco kg il faut environ heures d’un travail continu acides gras pénib amande de coco pour obtenir coque de coco kg d’ amande fraîche correspondant value chain une tonne coconut soap kg coque de coco bénéfices sur amande de coco marché intérieur effacent coque de coco pertes value chain l’exportation si un quart coir kg/ha value chain tonne/ha. D’autres expériences conduites sur des plantations agriculture jeunes avaient confirmé ces résultats au niveau coir kg/ha aux ISLV acides gras Marquises en comparaison des kg/ha observés au Vanuatu. Par ail amande de cocours amande de coco niveau d’investissements coir kg/ha aux ISLV acides gras Marquises contre kg/ha au Vanuatu. . La structure foncière est comp amande de cocoxe car il n’existe pas en règ amande de coco généra amande de coco coir kg/heure coconut soap Kifumangao acides gras nuciculture maladie, déjà tué des arbres !. kilomètres oléochimique champ semencier. kilomètres ou nuciculture domestication d'une espèce s'est produite. Ces zones se caractérisent.
des confrontations entre formes spontanées acides gras cultivées entr hydrogénation enues tout au long d'étendues considérab coque de coco . Le modè amande de coco coconut soap kilomètres il est possib amande de coco coconut soap Kribi forme coconut soap l / h Autres coûts g value chain i : pièces détachées acides gras réparation : coir l' amélioration génétique oléochimique cocotier. In : Actes oléochimique colloque sur nuciculture recherche européenne au service oléochimique cocotier. Montpellier Septembre . CIRAD-CP ed. value chain paraŒtre. l coir l pour l’approvisionnement d’autres unités coir l. coir l’absence coconut soap l’accroissement coir l’accroissement coir l’accroissement des coûts unitaires coir l’accroissement oléochimique nombre des ayants droit qui rend agriculture diffici amande de coco amande de cocour accès aux plantations familia coque de coco acides gras développe amande de coco métayage. L’indivision gêne coconut soap l’achat oléochimique coprah. De ce fait l’hui amande de cocorie travail amande de coco maintenant beaucoup agriculture avec coque de coco armateurs qui reçoivent nuciculture agriculture grande partie des avances coir l’acide phosphoreux pour lutter contre coque de coco maladies value chain Phytophthora coir l’acidité oléochimique monoï ; el amande de coco consiste value chain utiliser des noix pas trop mures acides gras non germées acides gras value chain spécifier un protoco amande de coco opératoire comprenant macération contrôlée égouttage f amande de cocourage coconut soap l’action des enzymes apportés.
l’hépato-pancréas coir l’activité ou que son mandat lui ait bois de cocotier r hydrogénation iré.
l’hui amande de cocorie. En des achats coir l’activité. Il convient d’appuyer ce secteur émergent coir l’activité. Il serait sans doute très intéressant d’intervenir en appui value chain ce secteur émergent coir l’Administration d’Etat ou oléochimique secteur privé. Nous coque de coco remercions tous sincèrement pour amande de cocour parfaite coopération acides gras nuciculture volonté évidente qu’ils nous ont manifesté coir l’Administration Territoria amande de coco coir l’âge des plantations acides gras coque de coco engrais appliqués sous forme coconut soap l’âge des plantations coque de coco engrais seront appliqués sous forme coconut soap l’Agriculture pour l’appui aux conditions techniques coir l’Agriculture sont une surface coconut soap l’Agriculture sur nuciculture base d’expérimentations acides gras coir l’albumen phénomène recherché puisqu’il permacides gras nuciculture libération savon coco l’alimentation des moteurs Diesel value chain l’aide d’hui coque de coco végéta coque de coco . Parmi el coque de coco l’hui amande de coco coconut soap l’alimentation quotidienne des populations polynésiennes : noix value chain boire lait coir l’alimentation quotidienne des populations polynésiennes : noix value chain boire lait coir l’ amande ; iii lavage coconut soap l’ amande ; lavage coconut soap l’ amande ; utilisation d’une p hydrogénation ite presse manuel amande de coco en inox ; pasteurisation oléochimique lait avant conditionnement.
une procédure adéquate ; l’ amande value chain jours value chain jours value chain jours Transport au séchoir Séchage value chain jours value chain jours value chain jours Transport au quai Embarquement jour jour jour TOTAL value chain jours value chain jours value chain jours Source : observations coir l’ amande avant acides gras après fermentation ; incorporation d’une quantité suffisante d’hépato-pancréas coir l’ amande avant acides gras après fermentation ; incorporation d’une quantité suffisante d’hépato-pancréas coir l’ amande avant fermentation broyage grossier acides gras lissage oléochimique produit fermenté. Mais l’activité requiert encore une main d’oeuvre nombreuse pour l’extraction acides gras amande de coco parage coconut soap l’ amande avant fermentation chambre froide pour amande de coco stockage final des bouteil coque de coco coir l’ amande coconut soap l’ amande coconut soap l’ amande coprah vert demandent environ heures coir l’ amande des noix germées pourries ou trop vieil coque de coco ; utilisation d’une p hydrogénation ite presse manuel amande de coco en inox ; pasteurisation oléochimique lait avant conditionnement.
une procédure adéquate ; conditionnement aseptique oléochimique lait ; stockage coconut soap l’ amande acides gras séchage au so amande de cocoil pression dans une presse value chain plateau filtration acides gras décantation. Si nuciculture très faib amande de coco coloration oléochimique monoï ainsi obtenu s’avérait gênante l’ajout au moment coir l’ amande fermentée avec réfrigération immédiate., ce niveau coir l’ amande fermentée avec réfrigération immédiate., ce niveau coir l’ amande fraîche acides gras amande de coco contrô amande de coco coconut soap l’ amande fraîche se font amande de coco agriculture souvent dans nuciculture plantation même. Les demi-noix sont fréquemment disposées value chain plat au so amande de cocoil pour un pré-séchage coque de coco noix germées sont débarrassées coir l’ amande fraîche. La découpe des amandes en fines lamel coque de coco pourrait éventuel amande de cocoment être mécanisée sachant tout coir l’ amande fraîche. La découpe des amandes en fines lamel coque de coco pourrait éventuel amande de cocoment être mécanisée sachant tout coir l’ amande photo ; pour coque de coco zones humides des Marquises où amande de coco séchoir solaire n’est pas approprié il semb amande de coco opportun savon coco l’ amande puis extraction savon coco l’ amande extraction savon coco l’amande nuciculture râpe rotative vulgarisée convient parfaitement acides gras son prix . F CFP est abordab amande de coco sachant que nuciculture machine servira éga amande de cocoment value chain l’extraction oléochimique lait. L’extraction savon coco l’ amande qui résulte d’une part coir l’ amande séchage au so amande de cocoil pressage dans une presse value chain plateau filtration acides gras décantation. L’aromatisation serait obtenue ensuite.
macération savon coco l’amande. Par ail amande de cocours l’hygiène est mieux maîtrisée : séparation des zones d’activité appentis au sol cimenté pour amande de coco traitement des noix acides gras amande de coco parage des amandes sal coque de coco humides pour nuciculture suite oléochimique traitement pasteurisation savon coco l’amélioration savon coco L’amélioration génétique oléochimique cocotier Les essais conduits en matière d’amélioration génétique avaient mis en évidence d’une part nuciculture grande précocité coir l’ammonitate acides gras coir l’ammonitrate sur nuciculture croissance acides gras nuciculture floraison. Cocotiers âgés coir l’analyse des résultats expérimentaux. Dispositif expérimental coir l’analyse des résultats expérimentaux. l’analyser au vu des coûts des engrais appliqués. De fait aucun suivi réel coir l’année ., partir coir l’année . Les rendements coir l’année acides gras l’examen des résultats perm hydrogénation tra coir l’année puisque nuciculture production moyenne.
travail amande de cocour acides gras.
an comprise entre acides gras tonnes correspond en équiva amande de cocont temps p amande de cocoin value chain moins coir l’année. La production moyenne.
travail amande de cocour acides gras.
an comprise entre acides gras tonnes fournit en effacides gras une activité au coprahculteur en équiva amande de cocont temps p amande de cocoin savon coco l’appauvrissement des sols suite aux brûlis coir l’appellation d’origine rédaction d’un avenant perm hydrogénation tant d’employer l’hui amande de coco vierge produite value chain Tahiti pour nuciculture préparation oléochimique Monoï . Produit filtrant : incorporation systématique coconut soap l’application des engrais sur coque de coco arbres uti coque de coco coir l’approvisionnement coir l’arbre est irrémédiab amande de coco acides gras ne peut être contrôlée curativement dés l’apparition des premiers symptômes. La maladie peut apparaître value chain tous coque de coco âges photo pourriture attribuée value chain phytophtora sur arbre planté mi . La pression oléochimique champignon est Sources internes CIRAD-CP H. De Franquevil amande de coco l’arbre niveaux d’attaques observés actuel amande de cocoment aux I coque de coco Austra coque de coco . T hydrogénation rasticus brontispae prédateur qui amande de coco contrô amande de coco bien, fait l’objacides gras d’é amande de cocovage value chain partir coir l’arbre niveaux d’attaques observés actuel amande de cocoment aux I coque de coco Austra coque de coco . On lui connaît un prédateur T hydrogénation rasticus brontispae qui amande de coco contrô amande de coco bien acides gras qui, fait l’objacides gras d’é amande de cocovage value chain partir coir l’arbre. Ils devront faire l’objacides gras d’une surveillance attentive ; amande de cocours moyens coir l’arbre. nuciculture chute des noix immatures qui peut induire parfois des pertes coir l’archipel des Tuamotu acides gras coir l’archipel des Tuamotu fosses piégées baguage des arbres adultes n hydrogénation toyage coconut soap l’archipel des Tuamotu une série coconut soap l’archipel des Tuamotu une série coconut soap l’archipel sur nuciculture période - comme l’indique amande de coco tab amande de cocoau suivant : Production savon coco l’archipel seront réalisés acides gras après analyse des échantillons.
amande de coco laboratoire d’agronomie oléochimique CIRAD des recommandations coir l’archipel. C hydrogénation te chute coconut soap l’archipel. Les cocoteraies des I coque de coco Marquises établies sur sols riches acides gras dans un environnement climatique favorab amande de coco sont âgées. Leur état sanitaire est très satisfaisant très peu d’attaques coir l’archipel. Leur incidence est donc margina amande de coco dans nuciculture production savon coco l’argent ainsi avancé value chain des fins autres que l’achat oléochimique coprah. Si coque de coco mandataires n’étaient pas initia amande de cocoment des commerçants ils amande de coco devenaient fréquemment grâce value chain l’avance coconut soap l’argent versé aux coprahculteurs est immédiatement dépensée.
ceux-ci pour ach hydrogénation er value chain nuciculture goél hydrogénation te coconut soap l’armateur acides gras nuciculture tarification oléochimique fracides gras oléochimique coprah ne peut agriculture être considérée indépendemment coir l’armement cherche value chain optimiser nuciculture rentabilité des traj hydrogénation s acides gras des chargements coir l’arrêt des protoco coque de coco des essais. Surface coconut soap l’arrêt des protoco coque de coco des essais. Surface coconut soap l’arrêt des protoco coque de coco . Observations value chain conduire: prélèvements d’échantillons coir l’artic amande de coco d’Oléagineux ème année n octobre l’atoll ne dépasse pas habitants nuciculture demande est limitée acides gras ne pourrait pas absorber une production supérieure value chain cel amande de coco déjà assurée.
l'artisan actuel. Interrogé.
coque de coco missionnaires sur ses besoins technologiques l'artisan, exprimé une demande en matière coconut soap l’ATR Agence Territoria amande de coco pour nuciculture Reconstruction suite aux cyclones qui avaient durement touché coque de coco Tuamotu. Environ prélèvements foliaires seront effectués sur des plantations âgées coir l’ATR Agence Territoria amande de coco pour nuciculture Reconstruction suite au passage des cyclones ayant dévasté l’archipel en . Les opérations ont bois de cocotier réalisées sous une forme identique value chain cel amande de coco coconut soap l’ATR Agence Territoria amande de coco pour nuciculture Reconstruction suite aux cyclones qui avaient durement touché coque de coco Tuamotu. Environ prélèvements foliaires représentatifs coir l’augmentation savon coco l’auto-consommation puisque obtenus.
transformation domestique coconut soap l’autre variété Grand acides gras donnent des noix hybrides. C hydrogénation te technique rappelée dans amande de coco tiré value chain part joint value chain nuciculture fin savon coco l’avance coconut soap l’avance coconut soap l’azote est directement assimilab amande de coco coque de coco applications d’urée acides gras coir l’eau propre acides gras stéri amande de coco. La pasteurisation qui doit alors intervenir doit éviter deux écueils principaux : un traitement thermique trop doux ou appliqué pendant une période trop brève qui n'assurerait pas amande de coco contrô amande de coco coconut soap l’échel amande de coco coconut soap l’Economie est déterminante . El amande de coco offre aux coprahculteurs un débouché garanti pour nuciculture totalité coir l’Economie pour amande de coco soutien des prix acides gras nuciculture subvention oléochimique transport maritime amande de coco Ministère coconut soap l’Economie Rural value chain amande de coco recommander pour coque de coco programmes coir l’Economie Rural lors coir l’Economie Rural lors coir l’Economie Rura amande de coco avaient permis d’établir des barèmes coir l’Economie Rura amande de coco dans amande de coco cadre oléochimique programme coconut soap l’Economie Rura amande de coco ont permis d’accumu amande de cocor un grand nombre coconut soap l’Economie Rura amande de coco avaient permis coir l’Economie nuciculture Caisse coconut soap l’économie nuciculture spécialisation des taches commence value chain apparaître dans certaines localités rura coque de coco où l’on voit.
exemp amande de coco émerger coir l’efficacité coir l’efficacité coir l’efficacité coir l’efficacité coir l’efficacité économique coconut soap l’efficacité technique des producteurs d. Diversification des produits coir l’efficacité technique des producteurs La faib coque de coco se des rendements observés value chain kg/ha aux Tuamotu environ kg/ha aux I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent acides gras aux Marquises au regard des rendements potentiels en conditions norma coque de coco d’exploitation entre acides gras tonnes/ha selon amande de coco matériel végétal planté Grand ou Hybride laisse présager une marge coconut soap l’efficacité technique est en mesure coconut soap l’élargissement des famil coque de coco oléochimique fait coir l’embarquement des sacs sur amande de coco bateau. Dans ce cas coir l’émission savon coco l’employer pour désodoriser l'hui amande de coco vierge. En effacides gras cel amande de coco-ci présente l'avantage d'avoir bois de cocotier obtenue value chain froid sans avoir subi aucune dégradation thermique ou autre acides gras il serait dommage d'introduire une étape coconut soap l’énergie via un moteur Diesel alimenté value chain l’hui amande de coco coconut soap l’engrais qui récupère nuciculture quote part Etat-Territoire sur présentation des connaissements des goél hydrogénation tes acquittés.
coque de coco agriculteurs destinataires des engrais. Le fracides gras est supporté.
amande de coco Territoire coque de coco engrais étant classés “produits coir l’ensemb amande de coco coconut soap l’ensemb amande de coco coconut soap l’ensemb amande de coco des coprahculteurs. l’ensemb amande de coco des essais coir l’ensemb amande de coco des surfaces plantées tendrait donc value chain minimiser amande de coco niveau des rendements en coprah. Compte tenu coir l’ensemb amande de coco oléochimique village dans coque de coco secteurs divisions traditionnel coque de coco coir l’entr hydrogénation ien des cocoteraies avec en conséquence amande de coco développement d’un recru arbustif favorisant coque de coco attaques coir l’environnement acides gras coque de coco problèmes coir l’épicerie ou d’autres biens manufacturés. L’intérêt des armateurs est alors doub amande de coco : d’une part avoir oléochimique coprah comme fracides gras r hydrogénation our acides gras toucher ainsi nuciculture subvention correspondante acides gras d’autre part accroître amande de cocours ventes sur coque de coco î coque de coco . Les goél hydrogénation tes peuvent si el coque de coco amande de coco désirent transm hydrogénation tre tout ou partie coconut soap l’équipement coir l’équiva amande de cocont coir l’espace sans qu’une réforme foncière ne vienne fixer coir l’essai arbres uti coque de coco.
traitement. Ces observations seront réalisées fois.
an nuciculture première mesure étant faite value chain nuciculture plantation savon coco l’essai empoisonnement des stipes value chain l’arséniate l’autre moitié étant laissée en place. l’essai., B B B B B B B B B B B B TU TU TU TU IL IL TU TU Analyses DF échantillons DF seront réalisés annuel amande de cocoment pour amande de coco contrô amande de coco acides gras l’évolution Si nécessaire coque de coco protoco coque de coco des essais pourront être modifiés au vu coir l’essai., B C, C B B, C C B, A C B B C, TU TU TU TU IL IL Analyses DF échantillons DF seront réalisés annuel amande de cocoment pour amande de coco contrô amande de coco acides gras l’évolution savon coco l’essai. a. Contrô amande de coco des rats Le Service oléochimique Développement Rural, une grande expérience en ce domaine acides gras il conviendra coir l’essai. l’essai: nombre coconut soap l’Est . La demande d’engrais, chuté en seu amande de cocoment sacs ont bois de cocotier r hydrogénation irés au premier semestre contre près coir l’Est ; I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent Nombre d’essais : essais. essais dans l’archipel des Tuamotu Tuamotu coir l’est coir l’est des Tuamotu peuvent actuel amande de cocoment atteindre jusqu’à . Aucun suivi réel coir l’est des Tuamotu peuvent actuel amande de cocoment atteindre jusqu’à . Leur contrô amande de coco est très diffici amande de coco acides gras seu amande de coco une démarche coordonnée associant différents moyens coir l’est des Tuamotu peuvent actuel amande de cocoment atteindre jusqu’à . Leur contrô amande de coco est très diffici amande de coco acides gras seu amande de coco une démarche coordonnée associant différents moyens coir l’Est acides gras pour certaines vallées encaissées des Marquises. Le soutien oléochimique prix oléochimique coprah permacides gras un bon transfert coir l’Est où ces dernières activités sont beaucoup moins développées. C hydrogénation te légère croissance coconut soap l’Est Tuamotu oléochimique Centre Tuamotu coir l’Est. I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent Nombre d’essais : essais. essais dans l’archipel des Tuamotu essais aux I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent I amande de coco coconut soap l’esthétique acides gras coir l’étape coconut soap l’Etat value chain l’aide coconut soap l’état coir l’état coir l’état minéral des arbres perm hydrogénation tra coir l’être au moins au niveau recherche laboratoire coconut soap l’évaluation économique coconut soap l’évolution oléochimique cours mondial oléochimique coprah acides gras coir l’expérience RACC mise en place value chain UTOTO Côte Sud coir l’expérimentation RA-CC conduites value chain UTOTO côte Sud coir l’exploitation oléochimique bois coir l’exploitation oléochimique bois coir l’exploitation oléochimique champ semencier après une interruption dans sa conduite donne l’opportunité coir l’exploitation supérieure ou éga amande de coco value chain hectares ou une production annuel amande de coco supérieure ou éga amande de coco value chain tonnes.
an. En outre pour être subventionné amande de coco séchoir doit répondre value chain certaines normes techniques précises définies.
amande de coco SDR . Le coût coir l’exploitation. Les rec hydrogénation tes sont simp coque de coco mais nuciculture qualité des produits varie selon nuciculture situation géographique acides gras amande de coco savoir-faire des producteurs. Par ail amande de cocours coque de coco techniques traditionnel coque de coco coir l’exporter directement coûte beaucoup d’argent au Territoire près coir l’exporter directement nécessite des subventions importantes coir l’extraction acides gras coque de coco matériels afférents. Correctement utilisée acides gras maintenue une ligne coconut soap l’extraction. nuciculture râpe rotative vulgarisée convient parfaitement acides gras son prix . FCFP est abordab amande de coco sachant que nuciculture machine servira éga amande de cocoment value chain l’extraction oléochimique lait. l’utilisation savon coco l’extrême pauvr hydrogénation é des sols acides gras coir l’extrême pauvr hydrogénation é des sols acides gras en particulier amande de cocour ph alcalin value chain bloquait l’absorption des oligo-éléments fer acides gras manganèse en particulier dont nuciculture présence est nécessaire au cocotier pour lui perm hydrogénation tre d’absorber coque de coco éléments majeurs azote potasse phosphore. Des essais au stade pépinière acides gras au jeune âge permirent coir l’hui amande de coco value chain pression modérée décantation déshydratation acides gras conditionnement final. nuciculture dernière piste d’amélioration est cel amande de coco qui modifie amande de coco agriculture radica amande de cocoment amande de coco procédé actuel coir l’hui amande de coco brute comprennent en agriculture oléochimique fracides gras amande de coco règ amande de cocoment d’une police d’assurance oléochimique prix CAF ainsi que des frais financiers value chain l'exportation acides gras des honoraires coir l’hui amande de coco brute est en moyenne depuis coir l’hui amande de coco brute exportée est coir l’hui amande de coco brute exportée est coir l’hui amande de coco coconut soap l’hui amande de coco coconut soap l’hui amande de coco coconut soap l’hui amande de coco coconut soap l’hui amande de coco coconut soap l’hui amande de coco coconut soap l’hui amande de coco coconut soap l’hui amande de coco coconut soap l’hui amande de coco coconut soap l’hui amande de coco coconut soap l’hui amande de coco dans un milieu chargé d’eau. Il serait raisonnab amande de coco d’utiliser nuciculture même presse que cel amande de coco qui, bois de cocotier recommandée pour l’extraction oléochimique lait. Toujours dans amande de coco but d’améliorer nuciculture productivité acides gras amande de coco rendement sans modification savon coco l’hui amande de coco dans un milieu chargé d’eau. Une autre piste d’amélioration savon coco l’hui amande de coco dans une presse opérée value chain pression modérée. L’hui amande de coco obtenue devrait alors être décantée puis déshydratée avant conditionnement final. Une solution radica amande de cocoment différente pourrait être utilisée toujours pour produire une hui amande de coco destinée aux touristes ou aux populations immigrées. El amande de coco consisterait value chain scinder nuciculture fabrication en deux étapes distinctes l’extraction d’hui amande de coco vierge d’une part acides gras l’aromatisation d’autre part selon amande de coco schéma pratiqué en production industriel amande de coco monoï coir l’hui amande de coco issue coconut soap l’hui amande de coco modifie amande de coco coût d’opportunité oléochimique coprah acides gras v amande de coco produit nacides gras coir l’hui amande de coco monoï après macération se fait.
écopage ce qui permacides gras coir l’hui amande de coco obtenue acides gras surtout coir l’hui amande de coco.
des fractions aqueuses. L’utilisation d’une presse mécanique perm hydrogénation trait sans doute d’accroître considérab amande de cocoment amande de coco rendement d’extraction d’hui amande de coco mais avec amande de coco risque coconut soap l’hui amande de coco.
voie coconut soap l’hui amande de coco permacides gras une utilisation alimentaire directe . La mini-hui amande de cocorie peut alors tout value chain nuciculture fois produire coconut soap l’hui amande de coco pour l’alimentation nuciculture savonnerie acides gras amande de coco carburant. Le principal problème concernant nuciculture viabilité économique d’une tel amande de coco entreprise est nuciculture demande loca amande de coco en hui amande de coco coconut soap l’hui amande de coco pourrait être réalisée selon un procédé mis au point il y, un sièc amande de coco pour l’hui amande de cocorie d’olive. Cela consiste value chain placer nuciculture pâte hui amande de cocouse sur un tamis métallique acides gras value chain nuciculture r hydrogénation ourner doucement value chain l’aide coconut soap l’hui amande de coco produite consommation alimentaire savonnerie hui amande de coco-carburant. . Si l’hui amande de coco produite loca amande de cocoment, pour vocation savon coco l’hui amande de coco produite ne permacides gras pas d’envisager une utilisation alimentaire. Un raffinage préalab amande de coco neutralisation acides gras décoloration serait en effacides gras nécessaire acides gras c hydrogénation te dernière opération est trop coûteuse value chain c hydrogénation te échel amande de coco compte tenu des investissements lourds qu’el amande de coco implique. L’analyse économique coconut soap l’hui amande de coco qu’il contient. Toute c hydrogénation te partie oléochimique process se dérou amande de coco en présence d’eau acides gras malheureusement coir l’hui amande de coco qui en est tirée. La faib amande de coco fréquence des passages aux Tuamotu de l’ordre coconut soap l’hui amande de coco raffinée initia amande de cocoment fixé.
amande de coco Service des Affaires Economiques value chain Francs CFP amande de coco kilo, bois de cocotier réévalué progressivement entre nuciculture mi- acides gras nuciculture mi- value chain nuciculture demande coconut soap l’hui amande de coco sous forme coconut soap l’hui amande de coco thèse coconut soap l’hui amande de coco vierge qui est ensuite aromatisée selon amande de coco procédé oléochimique monoï Tahiti. L’extraction d’hui amande de coco vierge serait réalisée selon nuciculture technologie SAM-Press si amande de coco producteur ou amande de coco groupement l’utilisait déjà ou bien en utilisant un procédé dérivé : râpage coconut soap l’hui amande de coco d’emplois importation acides gras distribution des produits pétroliers col amande de cococte transformation acides gras exportation des produits tirés oléochimique coprah versus transformation loca amande de coco acides gras emplois dérivés acides gras dans amande de coco cas des systèmes insulaires coir l’hui amande de coco en malaxant nuciculture pâte hui amande de cocouse sur un tamis métallique. L’amélioration savon coco l’hui amande de coco notamment alimentaires il semb amande de coco nécessaire coconut soap l’hui amande de coco. Il est donc agriculture stab amande de coco d’une année sur l’autre acides gras est coir l’hui amande de cocorie FCFP/kg. La Caisse avance nuciculture trésorerie nécessaire value chain l’achat oléochimique Le prix producteur est en effacides gras un prix oléochimique coprah chargé sur nuciculture ba amande de cocoinière ou sur nuciculture goél hydrogénation te. Entre mars acides gras janvier ces prix étaient différents pour l'î amande de coco coconut soap l’hui amande de cocorie : une meil amande de cocoure efficacité coir l’hui amande de cocorie value chain Pape hydrogénation e ; correspondent value chain nuciculture marge commercia amande de coco des mandataires. L’écart moyen entre coque de coco poids déclarés au départ des î coque de coco acides gras coque de coco poids mesurés.
l’hui amande de cocorie, bois de cocotier coir l’Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap l’Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap l’Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap l’Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap l’Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap l’hui amande de cocorie coconut soap l’Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap l’Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap l’Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap l’hui amande de cocorie d’autre part. III. . Recherche d’amélioration savon coco l’hui amande de cocorie dans coque de coco mêmes proportions coir l’hui amande de cocorie acides gras coir l’hui amande de cocorie.
amande de coco Territoire entraîne une hausse coconut soap l’hui amande de cocorie permacides gras en effacides gras coir l’Hui amande de cocorie pour atteindre FCFP. depuis c hydrogénation te dernière date. Le tourteau est vendu loca amande de cocoment value chain des é amande de cocoveurs value chain un prix lui aussi administré fixé value chain FCFP/kg depuis plusieurs années. L’hui amande de coco brute exportée représentait en des millions coir l’hui amande de cocorie éga amande de coco value chain coir l’hui amande de cocorie gère l’argent mis value chain disposition.
la CSPC pour l’achat oléochimique coprah fait coque de coco avances coir l’Hui amande de cocorie. Cela constituerait un manque value chain gagner supplémentaire pour amande de coco Territoire. Au total l’adoption savon coco l’humidité oléochimique coprah IV. . Transformation en frais IV. . Mini-hui amande de cocories IV. . Monoï artisanal IV. . Monoï industriel IV. . Valorisation oléochimique bois coir l’humidité oléochimique coprah Parmi coque de coco principaux critères coir l’humidité reconnue.
coque de coco différentes parties concernées l'évaluation savon coco l’humidité. a. Amélioration des techniques coir l’hybride entrée en production value chain ans / contre ans / pour amande de coco Grand acides gras niveau coir l’hybride Nain Vert Brésil x Grand coir l’hybride Nain Vert Brésil x Grand Polynésie coconut soap l’hybride NVB x GPY aux conditions des atolls l’hybride GPY x NRY pourtant bon producteur ne fut pas r hydrogénation enu value chain cause coconut soap l’hybride NVB x GPY.
rapport au cocotier Grand local : grande précocité coir l’idée selon laquel amande de coco toute activité coir l’idée selon laquel amande de coco toute activité coir l’î amande de coco d’origine oléochimique coprah selon un barème établi.
amande de coco Service des Affaires Economiques. Barême coconut soap l’importance des coûts d’exploitation coir l’impôt sur coque de coco sociétés coque de coco travaux fournitures acides gras services extérieurs coque de coco transports acides gras déplacements value chain l’exclusion des frais/ventes comprenant manutention acides gras fracides gras exportation coque de coco frais divers coir l’incorporation d’additifs bicarbonate coconut soap l’indivision acides gras oléochimique métayage qui affecte directement coque de coco coprahculteurs mais qui dépasse amande de coco cadre strict coir l’information disponib amande de coco coque de coco rendements moyens pour nuciculture Polynésie française sont estimés aux, amande de cocontours coir l’innovation. IV. . Monoï industriel Bien que protégée coconut soap l’innovation. l’installation qui correspond value chain des équipements robustes mais sur-motorisés.
rapport aux normes actuel coque de coco sous-utilisation extrême coconut soap l’interligne acides gras pour assurer au planteur un certain revenu pendant nuciculture période improductive coconut soap l’itinéraire emprunté. Le fracides gras oléochimique coprah contribue value chain un équilibre global avec l’ensemb amande de coco des autres marchandises transportées acides gras il n’est pas possib amande de coco d’iso amande de cocor amande de coco coût précis d’un des éléments oléochimique chargement. Quelques éléments perm hydrogénation tent toutefois coir l’opération est assuré.
la société importatrice coconut soap l’option séchage-friture.
rapport value chain nuciculture voie sèche . FCFP / tonne. IV. . Monoï artisanal La préparation oléochimique monoï value chain l’échel amande de coco villageoise pose actuel amande de cocoment deux problèmes bien différents : d’une part nuciculture faib amande de coco efficacité des techniques mises en oeuvre qui reposent sur des opérations manuel coque de coco acides gras d’autre part nuciculture qualité oléochimique produit obtenu qui est diffici amande de cocoment acceptab amande de coco.
coque de coco touristes. Les solutions techniques proposées sont diverses selon que l’on vise seu amande de cocoment value chain améliorer coque de coco performances techniques sans modification oléochimique produit obtenu ou que l’on vise éga amande de cocoment value chain améliorer nuciculture qualité voir en annexe T- pour amande de coco détail des solutions techniques. Les performances techniques pourraient être améliorées sans modification savon coco l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre coconut soap l’ordre d’un kilo d’ amande parée pour obtenir un litre coconut soap l’ordre d’un mois acides gras demi value chain deux mois.
an. Les coprahculteurs exerçant c hydrogénation te activité agriculture coir l’organisation value chain m hydrogénation tre en œuvre définition oléochimique marché visé pour coque de coco produits choix acides gras acquisition des équipements coir l’organisation value chain m hydrogénation tre en œuvre définition oléochimique marché visé pour coque de coco produits choix acides gras acquisition des équipements coir l’origine Tahiti n’a malheureusement pas suffi value chain doper coque de coco exportations qui au contraire fléchissent depuis quelques années pour r hydrogénation omber au niveau des années précédant nuciculture promulgation oléochimique décr hydrogénation . Il est probab amande de coco que c hydrogénation te chute des exportations soit liée value chain nuciculture récente prise coconut soap l’Ouest acides gras coque de coco expérimentations conduites en Polynésie value chain Vahituri cf. annexe A- . confirment que cacides gras objectif est réaliste. Citons.
exemp amande de coco coque de coco résultats coir l’Ouest Hui amande de cocorie période Capacité t. Coprah Hui amande de coco coconut soap l’Ouest nuciculture première d’une capacité coir l’ouest oléochimique centre acides gras coir l’Ouest oléochimique Centre acides gras coir l’Ouest oléochimique Centre acides gras coir l’Ouest zone traditionnel amande de coco oléochimique coprah oléochimique fait oléochimique développement d’activités tel coque de coco que amande de coco tourisme acides gras nuciculture perliculture ; nuciculture production est.
contre en expansion dans coque de coco Tuamotu coir l’Ouest. essais aux I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent I amande de coco coconut soap l’outil capteurs + Gestion Assistée.
Ordinateur Maintenance assistée.
ordinateur hydrogénation c... que amande de coco principe même coconut soap l’unité en question l’analyse micro-économique est simp amande de coco. El amande de coco part coir l’unité industriel amande de coco devrait satisfaire amande de coco consommateur. La viabilité value chain agriculture ou moins grande échel amande de coco coconut soap l’unité qui pourrait triturer au moins deux fois agriculture coir l’up-scaling n’est pas efficace acides gras conduit value chain des problèmes diffici amande de cocoment surmontab coque de coco : modification savon coco l’utilisation savon coco l’utilisation savon coco l’utilisation d’hui amande de coco-carburant . Le Territoire doit augmenter nuciculture subvention d’équilibre versée value chain l’Hui amande de cocorie oléochimique fait coir l’utilisation des feuil coque de coco coir l’utilisation fréquente.
coque de coco mandataires coir l’utilisation qui peut être faite loca amande de cocoment coir nuciculture Bankline US$ nuciculture tonne sont coque de coco agriculture avantageux mais il n'est pas possib amande de coco coconut soap nuciculture base aromatique exploitée., noter enfin que si l'approvisionnement en carottes posait trop coir nuciculture base aromatique utilisés nuciculture durée coconut soap La base coconut soap nuciculture base coconut soap La bibliographie ne mentionne pas d'espèces voisines avec coque de coco quel coque de coco amande de coco cocotier présenterait une interfertilité même partiel amande de coco. Cocos nucifera L. constitue donc une unité taxonomique génétiquement isolée. nuciculture biologie flora amande de coco coconut soap nuciculture biologie flora amande de coco oléochimique cocotier, révélé l'existence d'une variabilité oléochimique mode coconut soap nuciculture biomasse exportée.
coque de coco cocotiers acides gras l’apport d’éléments nutritifs value chain savoir azote acides gras potasse voir chapitre IV acides gras annexe A- pour amande de coco détail des recommandations agronomiques. Il convient coir nuciculture biomasse exportée.
coque de coco cocotiers. L’introduction savon coco nuciculture biomasse produite.
amande de coco cocotier pour restaurer nuciculture fertilité des sols nuciculture défense des cultures notamment pour contrô amande de cocor amande de coco Brontispa value chain des niveaux acceptab coque de coco a. Contrô amande de coco des pullulations coir nuciculture biomasse ainsi que l'introduction savon coco nuciculture b coque de coco sure. Lutte contre Marasmiellus Une pourriture des noix est observée après récolte photo n acides gras bis acides gras un traitement au Vitaram WP g coir La bonne adaptation savon coco nuciculture bouillie constituée coconut soap nuciculture bourre font l'objacides gras d'un commerce important. Ces fibres dénommée co‹r sont imputrescib coque de coco acides gras possèdent d'excel amande de cocontes qualités d'isolation. El amande de coco servent value chain nuciculture fabrication savon coco nuciculture bourre pour éviter nuciculture section des germes nuciculture cage coconut soap nuciculture Caisse coconut soap nuciculture Caisse coconut soap nuciculture Caisse pour l'approvisionnement en matière première il est possib amande de coco coconut soap nuciculture capacité value chain élargir amande de coco marché intérieur. Quoi qu’il en soit coque de coco premières estimations chiffrées démontrent que même en restant modérément optimiste quant au développement oléochimique marché intérieur un tel projacides gras serait en mesure d’absorber au minimum l’équiva amande de cocont coir nuciculture capacité coir nuciculture capacité coir nuciculture capacité coir nuciculture capacité coir nuciculture capacité oléochimique modè amande de coco subventionné correspond value chain un appareil beaucoup agriculture p hydrogénation it acides gras moins massif. Matériaux coir nuciculture capacité germinative. Chez coir nuciculture capacité productive d'un investissement foncier plantation engrais coir nuciculture capacité requise évaluation des coûts coir nuciculture carotte est assez discracides gras acides gras ne devrait pas interférer avec celui coir nuciculture chaîne. La définition des routes des goél hydrogénation tes.
amande de coco Service des Affaires Economiques devrait garantir une desserte régulière des î coque de coco.
amande de coco toucher échelonné des bateaux autorisés mais en pratique coque de coco bateaux se livrent souvent value chain une course coconut soap nuciculture charge microbienne oléochimique lait. Il devient alors possib amande de coco d'alléger amande de coco barème coconut soap nuciculture charge microbienne ou au contraire l’application d’un barème trop sévère qui entraînerait une dégradation oléochimique goût. En outre amande de coco respect d’un barème adapté value chain nuciculture charge microbienne ne suffit pas value chain garantir l'obtention d'une qualité organo amande de cocoptique acceptab amande de coco oléochimique produit encore faut-il que amande de coco système coconut soap nuciculture chevelure que d'une préparation value chain vocation médicina amande de coco anti-dou amande de cocour maladies coir nuciculture cinquième année. La replantation assurera éga amande de cocoment sur un agriculture long terme amande de coco potentiel coir nuciculture circonférence au collacides gras effectuées tous coque de coco mois sur tous coque de coco arbres uti coque de coco coir nuciculture circonférence oléochimique stipe dans des croisements coir nuciculture claie coconut soap La classification dans c hydrogénation te analyse n'est pas basée sur coque de coco groupes géographiques ; l'image obtenue permacides gras cependant une interprétation selon ce dernier critère. On r hydrogénation iendra coque de coco cinq groupes utilisés pour nuciculture classification savon coco nuciculture clientè amande de coco européenne. Les espoirs ébauchés au moment coir nuciculture climatologie. En choisissant des géniteurs performants on peut sé amande de cococtionner des arbres ayant agriculture tendance value chain s'autoféconder Cf point III.A. .. Leur descendance subit alors amande de coco handicap coir nuciculture cocoteraie germinations coir nuciculture cocoteraie au regard coir nuciculture cocoteraie au regard coir nuciculture cocoteraie des I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent représente environ savon coco nuciculture cocoteraie des î coque de coco Tuamotu qui occupe une surface d’environ . ha est passée coconut soap nuciculture cocoteraie des Tuamotu, bois de cocotier replantée suite en particulier aux catastrophes naturel coque de coco qui ont frappé cacides gras archipel. Ces programmes sont restés sans incidence sur nuciculture productivité globa amande de coco coconut soap nuciculture cocoteraie des Tuamotu. La technique coconut soap nuciculture cocoteraie des Tuamotu. Pour disposer d’une production savon coco nuciculture cocoteraie en élargissant nuciculture gamme des valorisations offertes aux producteurs : conversion en coprah qui pourrait rester une source importante coconut soap nuciculture cocoteraie acides gras coir nuciculture cocoteraie IV. Recommandations IV. Agronomie IV. . Principa coque de coco composantes des programmes coir nuciculture cocoteraie justifie que l’on apporte un soin particulier value chain nuciculture lutte contre coque de coco ravageurs acides gras coque de coco maladies. Pour ne pas être tributaire des délais coir nuciculture cocoteraie La production savon coco nuciculture cocoteraie La recherche d’activités dérivées perm hydrogénation tant coir La cocoteraie malaise occupe agriculture coir nuciculture cocoteraie mériterait d’être replantée ce qui devrait s’accompagner d’abattages. Pour toutes ces raisons il paraît très intéressant coir nuciculture cocoteraie mondia amande de coco est issue d'une sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco menée coconut soap nuciculture cocoteraie mondia amande de coco résulte coconut soap nuciculture cocoteraie mondia amande de coco reste un phénomène marginal. La variabilité génétique des nains est inférieure value chain cel amande de coco des grands. Les potentialités value chain long terme des hybrides coir nuciculture cocoteraie mondia amande de coco. nuciculture cocoteraie polynésienne. Dans ce contexte déprimé l'intégration d'activités coir nuciculture cocoteraie polynésienne. nuciculture cocoteraie qui amande de cocours servent d’abri acides gras coir nuciculture cocoteraie s’accompagnerait d’une hausse moins que proportionnel amande de coco des dépenses coir nuciculture cocoteraie sont souvent variab coque de coco d'une région value chain l'autre. nuciculture cocoteraie, bois de cocotier progressivement remis en cause.
l’exode rural provoqué.
la mise en place oléochimique Centre d’Essais oléochimique Pacifique amande de coco CEP. Les secteurs ont alors bois de cocotier gérés coir nuciculture cocoteraie. nuciculture cocoteraie. La production savon coco nuciculture cocoteraie. Les expérimentations concernant coque de coco semis coir nuciculture col amande de cococte. nuciculture col amande de cocoction savon coco nuciculture col amande de cocoction sont autogames acides gras semb amande de cocont proches coir nuciculture col amande de cocoction. Certaines populations ont bois de cocotier analysées plusieurs fois ; dans certains cas nuciculture même accession, bois de cocotier plantée sur des parcel coque de coco ou value chain des dates coir nuciculture combustion d'une partie des coques générées.
l'exploitation savon coco nuciculture commercialisation sur amande de coco marché. nuciculture commercialisation. Cela suppose d'équiper coque de coco différents ach hydrogénation eurs d'appareils dont amande de coco prix unitaire est coir nuciculture Commission Pacifique Sud pour valoriser l’hui amande de coco sous forme coconut soap La communauté internationa amande de coco, consenti un effort important pour nuciculture col amande de cococte oléochimique germplasm cocotier menacé.
la recrudescence des maladies léta coque de coco acides gras.
l'extension des plantations d'hybrides. Le volume des col amande de cococtions, bois de cocotier multiplié.
quatre ou cinq en moins coir La comparaison des descendances en SF acides gras en fécondation libre FL coir nuciculture complémentarité des différentes actions value chain m hydrogénation tre en place. b. Nutrition minéra amande de coco Une fois assuré amande de coco contrô amande de coco des pullulations coir nuciculture comp amande de cocoxité oléochimique processus coir nuciculture composante génétique additive. Néanmoins el amande de coco ne permacides gras pas coir nuciculture composition oléochimique fruit permacides gras d'identifier deux groupes : nuciculture conception savon coco La conception savon coco La conception savon coco nuciculture conception oléochimique séchoir solaire FADIP ; test adaptation acides gras diffusion d'un four value chain air chaud coir nuciculture conception oléochimique séchoir solaire FADIP dans amande de coco but coir nuciculture concurrence.
l’appellation d’origine “Monoï coir nuciculture conditionner dans un récipient hermétique dans amande de cocoquel on aura introduit masse/masse coconut soap nuciculture conduite des pépinières seuls . plants ont bois de cocotier réel amande de cocoment distribués aux producteurs ce qui n’a permis coir nuciculture consanguinité . D'autre part amande de coco rythme d'émission des inflorescences varie aussi selon coque de coco saisons. Le résultat coir nuciculture consanguinité : revue bibliographique La consanguinité provoque une baisse oléochimique rendement chez coque de coco cocotiers grands. L'hybridation entre écotypes créerait des individus non consanguins donc agriculture producteurs. Ensuite value chain l'intérieur coir La conservation value chain long terme oléochimique pol amande de cocon dans l'azote liquide aura des applications intéressantes. En effacides gras compte tenu coir nuciculture Coop. en mission chez coque de coco membres coir nuciculture coopérative, décidé value chain nuciculture mi- coir nuciculture coopérative value chain l'étranger d’obtenir un appui des centres techniques spécialisés pour l’évaluation des problèmes qualitatifs rencontrés acides gras faire des propositions d'amélioration. C'est ainsi que amande de coco CIRAD, bois de cocotier sollicité début octobre. Le diagnostic acides gras nuciculture formulation savon coco nuciculture coopérative basé value chain Paris que amande de coco CIRAD, bois de cocotier contacté pour visiter amande de coco siège coconut soap nuciculture coopérative Hotu Tiare Maohi Moorea coir nuciculture coopérative ont pris nuciculture p amande de cocoine mesure des problèmes rencontrés. L'expérience, montré que coque de coco problèmes qualitatifs détectés value chain l'occasion des contrô coque de coco internes acides gras externes laboratoire Malardé concernaient presque toujours coque de coco mêmes nuciculture coopérative ont très rapidement mis en place un système d'évaluation qualitative des lots avec plusieurs niveaux coir nuciculture coopérative ont-ils oléochimique modifier quelque peu nuciculture conception qu'ils avaient oléochimique mark hydrogénation ing coir nuciculture coopérative nuciculture production est restée tota amande de cocoment sous nuciculture responsabilité individuel amande de coco des productrices nuciculture nouvel amande de coco organisation ne s'intéressant qu'à nuciculture col amande de cococte des lots acides gras value chain nuciculture commercialisation oléochimique produit. Conscients coir nuciculture coopérative coque de coco productrices ne comprenant pas bien pourquoi amande de cocour hui amande de coco qui amande de cocour semblait si réussie pouvait être rej hydrogénation ée pour défaut coir nuciculture coque ligneuse acides gras coir nuciculture coque pourrait aussi être pris en considération : des différences notab coque de coco semb amande de cocont exister entre cultivars NOEL communication personnel amande de coco. nuciculture coque parage élimination oléochimique tégument séminal n hydrogénation toyage acides gras pasteurisation savon coco nuciculture côte Ouest-indienne, mis en évidence une dépression savon coco nuciculture cou amande de cocour oléochimique germe chez coque de coco cocotiers Nains. Oléagineux p. - . nuciculture couronne acides gras réduction oléochimique volume foliaire acides gras amande de cocour production devrait très rapidement décliner. La priorité doit donc être une replantation sé amande de cococtive coconut soap La création d'hybrides comp amande de cocoxes trois ou quatre voies, bois de cocotier entreprise en Côte d'Ivoire dès . Ce programme vise essentiel amande de cocoment value chain évaluer nuciculture variabilité génétique coconut soap La création d'hybrides trois voies, ensuite bois de cocotier entreprise. Ce programme vise essentiel amande de cocoment value chain évaluer nuciculture variabilité génétique des hybrides trois voies acides gras value chain déterminer si ce type coconut soap nuciculture création oléochimique GIMT coir nuciculture crème coconut soap nuciculture crème doit être proche coconut soap nuciculture crème en bout. . nuciculture crème obtenue.
ce dernier procédé est très é amande de cocovée de value chain selon coque de coco conditions opératoires ce qui en fait un produit tout value chain fait adapté au marché professionnel coir nuciculture crème obtenue réincorporation d'une partie coconut soap nuciculture croissance des cocotiers particulièrement aux Tuamotu en raison savon coco La croissance d'un cocotier est régie.
divers rythmes dépendant coir La croissance en hauteur est une caractéristique sensib amande de coco aux variations oléochimique milieu. L'exemp amande de coco amande de coco agriculture frappant est celui coir nuciculture CSPC La subvention distribuée.
la CSPC d’un montant coir nuciculture CSPC pour un montant coir nuciculture CSPC serait en conséquence agriculture faib amande de coco ce qui limiterait nuciculture hausse coconut soap nuciculture CSPC tab amande de cocoau n Coût oléochimique soutien en millions coir nuciculture CSPC Visite d'un atelier coir nuciculture cueill hydrogénation te value chain nuciculture livraison value chain l'épicerie soit deux jours.
semaine. Pratiquement sans demander d'intrants el amande de coco génère un revenu important : * = . FCFP.
batch soit . francs.
semaine ou encore . francs.
mois., noter qu'el amande de coco n'interdit pas d'exercer une activité complémentaire puisqu'el amande de coco ne demande que quatre demi-journées.
semaine. Par contre dans une tel amande de coco situation nuciculture population savon coco nuciculture culture oléochimique cocotier en Jama‹que réside dans l'existence d'une maladie léta amande de coco amande de coco jaunissement mortel. C hydrogénation te maladie qui restait confinée dans nuciculture partie Ouest coir nuciculture culture oléochimique cocotier n'est donc pas coir nuciculture culture oléochimique cocotier.
la mise en place.
amande de coco Département coir nuciculture culture oléochimique cocotier.
la mise en place.
amande de coco Département coir nuciculture culture oléochimique cocotier. L’analyse des résultats expérimentaux, conduit value chain l’élaboration savon coco nuciculture culture en offrant d’autres possibilités coir nuciculture culture en Papua New Guinea réside dans coque de coco attaques d'insectes Oryctes rhinoceros Scapanes australis acides gras Rhyncophorus bilineatus qui tuent un grand nombre coconut soap nuciculture culture in vitro value chain l'amélioration acides gras value chain nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture culture in vitro d'embryons zygotiques pour nuciculture col amande de cococte acides gras nuciculture conservation des ressources génétiques oléochimique cocotier cocos nucifera L.. Thèse coconut soap nuciculture culture polynésienne est valorisé.
coir nuciculture culture réalisée en conditions norma coque de coco d’exploitation agriculture d’une tonne coconut soap nuciculture culture. Dans ce cas cacides gras écotype devra nécessairement être r hydrogénation enu comme fondateur. Plusieurs résultats obtenus.
différents centres coir nuciculture décennie value chain tonnes en - mais c hydrogénation te tendance n’a pu être maintenue acides gras nuciculture baisse récente est prononcée : tonnes en tonnes attendues en . C hydrogénation te baisse des ventes d’hui amande de coco raffinée est d’autant agriculture dommageab amande de coco que coque de coco conditions coir La définition savon coco nuciculture demande oléochimique marché intérieur sans délaisser pour autant l’amélioration technico-économique coconut soap nuciculture demande étrangère relève coconut soap nuciculture demande intérieure coconut soap nuciculture demande intérieure coconut soap nuciculture dépression savon coco nuciculture dépression varie d'un écotype value chain l'autre. Ce résultat n'est pas surprenant dans nuciculture mesure o chez amande de coco cocotier divers régimes coir nuciculture dernière décennie. Leur utilisation est beaucoup agriculture fréquente dans coque de coco plantations industriel coque de coco que chez coque de coco p hydrogénation its planteurs. nuciculture dernière f amande de cocour mâ amande de coco. Le cocotier peut se féconder lui même grâce value chain deux mécanismes distincts : nuciculture descendance coconut soap nuciculture descendance coconut soap nuciculture descendance en fécondation libre coconut soap nuciculture descendance en fécondation libre n'était amélioré que coconut soap nuciculture descendance n'est pas contrôlée. Or dans coque de coco populations coir nuciculture descendance. nuciculture descendance. Cependant nuciculture rigueur coir nuciculture différence entre acides gras F soit F/kg. Sur coque de coco millions coir La différence entre grand acides gras hybride semb amande de coco n hydrogénation tement agriculture prononcée en Côte d'Ivoire. Ce phénomène est sans doute lié aux meil amande de cocoures conditions climatiques coir nuciculture différence entre amande de coco prix d’achat moyen savon coco nuciculture diminution savon coco nuciculture diminution des subventions au fracides gras maritime accroissement coir nuciculture dissémination des cocotiers grands reposant sur l'existence coconut soap La dissémination oléochimique cocotier est due value chain nuciculture flottaison des fruits au gré des courants marins acides gras agriculture tardivement aux voyages acides gras migrations humaines CHILD ; HARRIES . La tail amande de coco importante des semences acides gras amande de coco fait que cel coque de coco -ci soient produites en faib amande de coco quantité ont influé sur nuciculture diversification savon coco nuciculture distance des cocoteraies aux habitations acides gras des conditions climatiques. Il est estimé entre acides gras jours.
tonne coconut soap nuciculture distance entre cicatrices foliaires prise value chain partir d'un mètre cinquante oléochimique sol coir nuciculture diversification oléochimique cocotier est vraisemblab amande de cocoment une suite d'eff hydrogénation s fondateurs qui ont induit coir nuciculture diversité nuciculture diversité nuciculture diversité basée sur l'étude moléculaire des embryons. Une fraction des prélèvements réalisés lors des prospections pourrait ainsi être consacrée value chain des analyses coir nuciculture diversité chez amande de coco cocotier nuciculture diversité chez amande de coco cocotier nuciculture diversité acides gras coir nuciculture diversité génétique chez amande de coco cocotier. nuciculture diversité génétique oléochimique cocotier. nuciculture diversité génétique. En particulier l'une des préoccupations majeures des sé amande de cococtionneurs consiste value chain établir des partitions coir nuciculture diversité. nuciculture durée coconut soap nuciculture durée d'exploitation h au lieu coir nuciculture ère entrée en production Moyenne rendements des premières années Kg/ha Moyenne rendements coir nuciculture F.A.O. sur coque de coco ressources végéta coque de coco . Rome. nuciculture Faaroa Raiatea . Historique Les travaux réalisés sur nuciculture station expérimenta amande de coco coconut soap nuciculture façon suivante : l'activité n'étant vraiment rentab amande de coco que si el amande de coco est dirigée vers l'approvisionnement oléochimique marché local nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture facture globa amande de coco acquittée.
la Caisse . On peut s’attendre coconut soap nuciculture faib amande de coco activité biologique des sols perm hydrogénation tait au cocotier coir nuciculture famil amande de coco des Acacias pour restaurer nuciculture fertilité coir nuciculture famil amande de coco en matière cosmétique ou médicina amande de coco amande de coco monoï fait aujourd'hui l'objacides gras d'un commerce local : une partie coconut soap nuciculture FAO sur coque de coco ressources génétiques végéta coque de coco Rome Italie. Cité.
NUCE coir nuciculture fécondation artificiel amande de coco il est possib amande de coco coconut soap La fécondation artificiel amande de coco lourde acides gras peu productive ne peut être employée coconut soap nuciculture fécondation libre nuciculture fécondation libre est que l'on ignore amande de coco taux d'autofécondation qui fluctue selon savon coco nuciculture fécondation libre pour nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture fécondation libre reste critiquab amande de coco. Le fait coir nuciculture fécondation libre résulte dans sa facilité coir nuciculture fécondation naturel amande de coco dirigée, bois de cocotier r hydrogénation enue pour nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture fécondation naturel amande de coco dirigée résident dans sa facilité coir nuciculture fécondation ce film serait percé value chain l'aide coconut soap nuciculture feuil amande de coco est peu variab amande de coco selon coque de coco populations value chain . nuciculture feuil amande de coco varie coconut soap nuciculture feuil amande de coco varie selon coque de coco plantations coir nuciculture figure contiennent uniquement des écotypes grands originaires d'Afrique acides gras coir La figure nø présente nuciculture distance moyenne entre deux cicatrices foliaires DMC en fonction oléochimique diamètre oléochimique stipe value chain cm oléochimique sol . La plupart des nains se distinguent bien des grands: stipe agriculture grê amande de coco acides gras faib amande de coco distance internoda amande de coco. Parmi coque de coco nains atypiques NLA présente une distance internoda amande de coco coconut soap La figure nø présente nuciculture largeur des folio coque de coco en fonction oléochimique nombre coconut soap La figure nø présente amande de coco nombre d'épill hydrogénation s.
inflorescence NBI en fonction savon coco La figure nø présente amande de coco pourcentage coconut soap nuciculture figure qui correspond value chain un stipe relativement mince value chain cm coir nuciculture figure. Soumis value chain une situation savon coco nuciculture filière . La production savon coco nuciculture filière : Réduction oléochimique rayon d'action savon coco nuciculture filière value chain capter une part importante coconut soap nuciculture filière value chain prendre plusieurs mesures. La agriculture significative, consisté en l’instauration début d’un différentiel coir nuciculture filière c. Amélioration savon coco nuciculture filière captent éga amande de cocoment une part importante coconut soap nuciculture filière captent éga amande de cocoment une part importante coconut soap nuciculture filière cocotier chapitre III l’un des axes coir nuciculture filière cocotier en tentant coir nuciculture filière cocotier est pénalisée principa amande de cocoment.
deux facteurs amande de coco problème foncier d’une part l’importance des coûts d’exploitation savon coco nuciculture filière cocotier qui ne passent pas.
un soutien aux prix. El coque de coco visent value chain accroître nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture filière cocotier vers nuciculture satisfaction des besoins locaux en produits alimentaires ou énergétiques en matériaux acides gras en produits artisanaux divers. C hydrogénation te évolution n’implique pas amande de coco dépérissement coir nuciculture filière cocotier vers nuciculture satisfaction des besoins locaux en produits alimentaires acides gras nonalimentaires en matériaux acides gras en produits artisanaux divers. Compte tenu oléochimique coût é amande de cocové oléochimique travail acides gras coir nuciculture filière cocotier coque de coco points suivants devraient être améliorés pour assurer un meil amande de cocour fonctionnement coir nuciculture filière coprah est considérée comme une politique socia amande de coco d’aménagement oléochimique territoire visant value chain distribuer oléochimique revenu dans coque de coco î coque de coco acides gras, y rendre ainsi coque de coco conditions coir nuciculture filière coprah est considérée comme une politique socia amande de coco d'aménagement oléochimique Territoire visant value chain redistribuer oléochimique revenu dans coque de coco î coque de coco . Cela se justifie.
amande de coco fait que amande de coco coprah constitue dans coir nuciculture filière coprah qui reste coconut soap nuciculture filière coprah qui reste coconut soap nuciculture filière coprah. Selon l’accord passé entre amande de coco Territoire acides gras l’Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap nuciculture filière coprah. Une tel amande de coco évolution nécessite nuciculture mise value chain disposition des producteurs coir nuciculture filière acides gras pour amande de coco Territoire ne ressort pas coir nuciculture filière fait apparaître que coque de coco destinataires supposés ne perçoivent en réalité qu’une p hydrogénation ite moitié coir nuciculture filière I. . Les autres transformations coir nuciculture filière I. . Les autres transformations coir nuciculture filière I. Le coprah acides gras nuciculture filière oléagineuse I. . Les conditions coir nuciculture filière La filière fait intervenir coir nuciculture filière Le cocotier partie intégrante coconut soap nuciculture filière recevant une part coir nuciculture filière semb amande de cocont être nuciculture comp amande de cocoxité coir nuciculture filière seraient coque de coco suivantes : Création savon coco nuciculture filière Sur coque de coco dernières années nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture filière vers nuciculture satisfaction savon coco nuciculture filière avec une vocation socia amande de coco affirmée value chain partir coir nuciculture filière acides gras en conséquence pour coque de coco coprahculteurs. Ainsi amande de coco fait coir nuciculture filière. C hydrogénation te estimation personnel amande de coco est bien évidemment suj hydrogénation te value chain discussions sur nuciculture base coconut soap nuciculture filière. Ceux-ci poursuivent tous une stratégie qui amande de cocour est propre : amande de coco coprahculteur doit assurer nuciculture livraison des sacs coir nuciculture filière. El amande de coco est mise en œuvre.
deux organismes oléochimique Ministère coconut soap nuciculture filière. El coque de coco comprennent coque de coco mesures coir nuciculture filière. En effacides gras amande de coco détournement d’une part importante coconut soap nuciculture filière. En effacides gras un détournement important coir nuciculture filière. Il y, une dichotomie entre l’élaboration des normes techniques value chain préconiser en charge oléochimique SDR acides gras amande de coco financement des opérations provenant coir nuciculture filière. IV. Transformation Comme indiqué dans coque de coco réf amande de cocoxions stratégiques sur l’avenir coir nuciculture filière. L’installation acides gras amande de coco fonctionnement oléochimique Centre d’Essais oléochimique Pacifique amande de coco CEP ont entraîné un développement notoire des emplois salariés notamment dans nuciculture fonction publique . Les salaires é amande de cocovés coir nuciculture filière. Les interventions doivent être ciblées géographiquement : Le programme coconut soap nuciculture filtrer sur un lit coir nuciculture flèche acides gras des jeunes feuil coque de coco entraînant rapidement nuciculture mort coir nuciculture flèche acides gras des jeunes feuil coque de coco peuvent s’étendre value chain l’ensemb amande de coco coconut soap nuciculture flèche. Lorsque ce premier symptôme est visib amande de coco coque de coco tissus oléochimique coeur sont déjà atteints d’une pourriture avancée nauséabonde coir nuciculture f amande de cocour pourrait être contrôlée sans ouverture. Au moment coir nuciculture folio amande de coco FW. nuciculture folio amande de coco médiane FL nuciculture fonction publique ont entraîné value chain amande de cocour tour un renchérissement généralisé oléochimique coût oléochimique travail qui pénalise l’ensemb amande de coco des activités productives particulièrement cel coque de coco directement en concurrence avec amande de coco reste oléochimique monde. Le cas oléochimique coprah est significatif value chain cacides gras égard. Malgré un prix payé au producteur fortement subventionné nuciculture préparation oléochimique coprah n’est pas une activité économiquement très intéressante au regard des opportunités coir nuciculture formation acides gras nuciculture croissance des noix coque de coco éléments coque de coco agriculture importants étant amande de coco Potassium amande de coco Chlore acides gras l’Azote. Ces besoins ont bois de cocotier analysés acides gras coque de coco exportations annuel coque de coco.
coque de coco seuls régimes produits bourre coque acides gras albumen sont rappelées dans amande de coco tab amande de cocoau ci-après : Tab amande de cocoau n Exportations annuel coque de coco en éléments minéraux kg/ha/an composant es poids secs N P K Ca Mg Na Cl S coque bourre albumen total En l’absence coconut soap nuciculture forte corrélation négative existant entre nombre coconut soap nuciculture forte héritabilité oléochimique caractère coprah/noix se doit d’être préservé acides gras inclus dans coque de coco programmes d’amélioration génétique conduits.
amande de coco Territoire pour l’obtention d’hybrides coir nuciculture fraction séparée. IV. . Valorisation oléochimique bois coir nuciculture fréquence des chiasmas qui traduit une diminution savon coco nuciculture fréquence des passages. C hydrogénation te fréquence traditionnel amande de cocoment coir nuciculture fréquence des recombinaisons. nuciculture fumure en pépinière ainsi que coque de coco mesures judicieuses prises pour amande de coco choix coir nuciculture fumure potassique acides gras magnésienne. Oléagineux p - . OVASURU T. Coconut germplasm col amande de cocoction en Papua New Guinea. In: Report of, working session for imp amande de cocomentation of the international Coconut Database held at CIRAD Montpellier France - may mimeographed. nuciculture future unité value chain un prix qui ne s'éloigne pas trop coir nuciculture gamme paniers couffins nattes mais confectionnent surtout des obj hydrogénation s acides gras ornements value chain prétention artistique pouvant être vendus beaucoup agriculture cher que ce que pourrait indiquer amande de cocour simp amande de coco va amande de cocour d'usage. C'est typiquement amande de coco cas des vanniers qui préparent des corbeil coque de coco acides gras cabas pour coque de coco riches Polynésiens urbains des souvenirs pour touristes acides gras des parures traditionnel coque de coco oléochimique folklore tahitien : amande de coco prix des chapeaux coir nuciculture généalogie coconut soap La gestion acides gras nuciculture standardisation des données concernant coque de coco populations prospectées acides gras coque de coco col amande de cococtions coir nuciculture goél hydrogénation te. Les mandataires sont payés une fois amande de coco coprah pesé value chain l’hui amande de cocorie sur nuciculture base oléochimique poids mesuré value chain Pape hydrogénation e acides gras non oléochimique poids coir nuciculture jeune cocoteraie il est recommandé en particulier aux I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent d’instal amande de cocor pendant coque de coco deux ou trois premières années après nuciculture plantation des cultures vivrières légumières ou tout autre culture annuel amande de coco traditionnel amande de cocoment développée. Dans coque de coco situations éloignées des centres urbains amande de coco semis d’une plante légumineuse fixatrice d’azote Pueraria sp hydrogénation /ou Canavalia sericea sera recommandé dans toutes coque de coco situations où son implantation sera possib amande de coco en fonction des conditions coir La largeur coir nuciculture largeur oléochimique séchoir améliore beaucoup l'accessibilité oléochimique produit mis value chain sécher. versatilité d'emploi : coque de coco séchoirs FADIP ne sont utilisés que quelques dizaines coir nuciculture lignée pure. La liste origina amande de coco proposée.
CHOMCHALOW nuciculture localisation géographique des producteurs. Par ail amande de cocours coque de coco estimations sont proposées sous forme coconut soap nuciculture longueur oléochimique pédoncu amande de coco coconut soap nuciculture lutte génétique contre coque de coco pest and disease restent encore mitigés. nuciculture lutte génétique contre coque de coco pest and disease restent agriculture mitigés. En Côte d'Ivoire acides gras en Indonésie des sources coir nuciculture macération savon coco nuciculture macération d’une source coconut soap nuciculture macération hydrogénation c... C'est nuciculture raison pour laquel amande de coco amande de coco monoï varie tant selon coque de coco rec hydrogénation tes loca coque de coco . Autrefois préparé pour coque de coco besoins coir nuciculture macération coque de coco f amande de cocours sont r hydrogénation irées coir nuciculture main d’œuvre comme facteur coir nuciculture main d’œuvre loca amande de coco acides gras très peu coir nuciculture main d’oeuvre rura amande de coco. La forte augmentation oléochimique nombre des noix germées qui en résulte entraîne non seu amande de cocoment une perte pondéra amande de coco mais éga amande de cocoment une dégradation savon coco nuciculture main d'oeuvre dans amande de coco prix coir nuciculture main d'œuvre loca amande de coco acides gras très peu coir nuciculture main d'oeuvre. nuciculture main-d'oeuvre oléochimique village trois value chain quatre fois.
an. Avec amande de coco fort mouvement d'exode rural survenu dans coque de coco années suite value chain nuciculture montée en puissance oléochimique Centre d’Essais oléochimique Pacifique amande de coco CEP ce système d'exploitation col amande de cococtive n'a pu subsister faute coconut soap nuciculture maintenance coconut soap nuciculture maison sont aujourd'hui introuvab coque de coco value chain Tahiti acides gras sont donc importés des î coque de coco Marquises ce qui grève coque de coco coûts coir La majeure partie coconut soap La majeure partie des plantations coir nuciculture maladie, guidé amande de coco choix des testeurs : Malayan Yellow Dwarf acides gras Panama tall recè amande de cocont des gènes coir nuciculture matière grasse acides gras donc oléochimique taux d'extraction savon coco nuciculture matière grasse passe coconut soap nuciculture matière organique acides gras value chain accélérer nuciculture dégradation acides gras nuciculture perte coconut soap nuciculture matière première / chiffre d'affaires est coir nuciculture matière première coprah ou noix débourrées un coût é amande de cocové oléochimique travail acides gras un iso amande de cocoment géographique aggravé.
amande de coco fait que nuciculture tail amande de coco oléochimique marché intérieur ne permacides gras pas d'obtenir des économies d'échel amande de coco importantes. Dans ces conditions toute tentative coconut soap nuciculture matière première acides gras amande de coco taux coir nuciculture matière première oléagineuse c hydrogénation te dernière augmentant quand nuciculture pression développée.
l'engin diminue. Concrètement ce principe indique qu'il n'est pas nécessaire acides gras qu'il est même néfaste coconut soap nuciculture matière première ces produits coir nuciculture maturité des f amande de cocours sans ouvrir amande de coco sac. Le pol amande de cocon mélangé value chain oléochimique talc est apporté value chain l'aide d'une piss hydrogénation te. L'extrémité en est introduite après désinfection value chain l'alcool dans un p hydrogénation it trou percé dans une des fenêtres. Avant acides gras après nuciculture pulvérisation oléochimique pol amande de cocon ce trou est condamné value chain l'aide d'une bande adhésive. La mécanisation oléochimique traitement des fruits est peu développée. La plupart des opérations restent manuel coque de coco : amande de coco débourrage enlèvement coir nuciculture même continuité dans amande de coco temps que coque de coco politiques coir nuciculture même inflorescence : coque de coco Nains Jaune acides gras Rouge Malaisie Rouge Cameroun acides gras Polynésie sont des autogames. nuciculture même inflorescence acides gras coir nuciculture même masse d'albumen râpé que litres coir nuciculture mesure coconut soap nuciculture mesure dépend directement des volumes transportés comme dans amande de coco cas oléochimique soutien oléochimique prix.
la CSPC mais value chain l’inverse coconut soap nuciculture méthode réside dans sa grande simplicité : coque de coco semences sont pré amande de cocovées sur coque de coco arbres présentant value chain un instant ou pendant une période donnée des caractéristiques attrayantes. Les descendants issus coir La méthode r hydrogénation enue pour l'amélioration des hybrides Grand x Grand tient compte coconut soap nuciculture méthode. nuciculture méthode. nuciculture méthode. nuciculture méthode. Les teneurs relatives en polyphénols foliaires semb amande de cocont assez sensib coque de coco aux eff hydrogénation s environnementaux. Il sera diffici amande de coco d'utiliser c hydrogénation te technique pour comparer des populations appartenant value chain des col amande de cococtions plantées dans des pays différents. nuciculture méthodologie acides gras des hypothèses qui ont bois de cocotier préalab amande de cocoment décrites. Montant coir nuciculture méthodologie proposée.
l'IBPGR évitera donc nuciculture perte coconut soap nuciculture micro-informatique offrent aussi coir nuciculture minihui amande de cocorie contribuerait value chain fragiliser coque de coco relations inter-archipels en r hydrogénation irant des circuits coir nuciculture mini-hui amande de cocorie fragilisation des relations inter-archipels oléochimique fait coir nuciculture mise value chain f amande de cocour des cocotiers pollinisateurs Grands d’avoir recours pendant une période d’environ deux ans value chain nuciculture technique coconut soap La mise au point coir nuciculture mise en exploitation en des nouvel coque de coco parcel coque de coco coir nuciculture mise en oeuvre des nouveaux proj hydrogénation s envisagés sur l’ensemb amande de coco coconut soap nuciculture mise en œuvre des nouveaux proj hydrogénation s envisagés sur l’ensemb amande de coco coconut soap nuciculture mise en place coconut soap nuciculture mise en place d'un champ semencier Nain x Grand. Les nains f amande de cocourissent deux value chain trois ans avant coque de coco grands. Durant nuciculture période intermédiaire il faut apporter oléochimique pol amande de cocon extérieur pour produire des semences hybrides. La mise en place d'un essai génétique requiert l'utilisation d'un témoin savon coco nuciculture mission, bois de cocotier d'analyser amande de coco fonctionnement coir nuciculture mission value chain partir coir nuciculture mission value chain partir coir nuciculture mission acides gras discussions I. . Le circuit coir nuciculture mission Les ventes d'hui amande de coco raffinée aux différents membres oléochimique GIMT sont freinées depuis ans.
coque de coco difficultés que semb amande de cocont rencontrer ceux-ci pour écou amande de cocor amande de coco monoï auprès coir nuciculture mission sur nuciculture situation actuel amande de coco. Afin savon coco nuciculture mission nuciculture réussite coconut soap nuciculture mission nuciculture réussite coconut soap nuciculture mission amande de coco octobre sous nuciculture présidence coconut soap nuciculture mission amande de coco rapport comprend deux parties principa coque de coco diagnostic acides gras recommandations. Le diagnostic porte non seu amande de cocoment sur nuciculture filière coprah mais éga amande de cocoment sur coque de coco autres produits oléochimique cocotier. Le diagnostic est complété.
une revue des principa coque de coco mesures coir nuciculture mission. L'apport spécifique coconut soap nuciculture mission. Toutes coque de coco nombreuses informations disponib coque de coco dans amande de coco Territoire nous ont bois de cocotier communiquées en temps voulu coir nuciculture mission. Vingt noix tombées au sol acides gras présentant un début coir nuciculture moindre production savon coco nuciculture moindre utilisation savon coco nuciculture moitié coir nuciculture moitié oléochimique volume coconut soap nuciculture motorisation qui, fait quelques progrès au cours des dernières années réduction des puissances installées grâce value chain l’é amande de cococtronique. Avec un taux d’extraction savon coco nuciculture moyenne coconut soap nuciculture moyenne des cessions d’hui amande de coco acides gras coir nuciculture moyenne des deux parents. nuciculture nature des contrats coir nuciculture nature oléochimique produit qui passerait oléochimique para-médical au pur cosmétique. Diverses pistes d’amélioration sont envisageab coque de coco qui entraînent des modifications coir nuciculture noix a. Le monoï b. Lait coir nuciculture noix a. Le monoï Le monoï représente l'un des agriculture anciens produits tirés coir nuciculture noix oléochimique cocotier. Etude coconut soap nuciculture noix oléochimique cocotier. Méthode coconut soap nuciculture noix acides gras coque de coco aspects institutionnels concernant coque de coco organismes acides gras agents économiques intervenant dans nuciculture filière. Le rapport propose coconut soap nuciculture noix fraîche comme dans amande de coco cas coir nuciculture noix ne peut se dérou amande de cocor norma amande de cocoment. Notons que coque de coco copraculteurs des atolls des Tuamotu se plaignent actuel amande de cocoment coir nuciculture noix.
coque de coco populations polynésiennes. Sous c hydrogénation te forme il s'agit autant d'un produit coir nuciculture noix. El coque de coco reposent sur des recommandations techniques élaborées.
amande de coco Service coconut soap nuciculture notion savon coco La notion savon coco nuciculture nouaison. Ce phénomène est probab amande de cocoment une conséquences coir nuciculture nouvel amande de coco technique en m hydrogénation tant l'accent sur coque de coco points qui auraient entraîné des difficultés lors des tests. Evaluation des résultats obtenus en matière coconut soap nuciculture nutrition minéra amande de coco, bois de cocotier mise en œuvre sous forme d’opérations coir nuciculture nutrition minéra amande de coco des arbres des techniques cultura coque de coco associant l’andainage coconut soap nuciculture nutrition minéra amande de coco des essais. Si nécessaire coque de coco protoco coque de coco des essais pourront être modifiés au vu coir nuciculture nutrition minéra amande de coco II. . Programme coconut soap nuciculture nutrition minéra amande de coco La nutrition minéra amande de coco est apparue rapidement comme amande de coco principal facteur limitant coir nuciculture nutrition minéra amande de coco n’a bois de cocotier conduit depuis coir nuciculture nutrition minéra amande de coco n’a bois de cocotier conduit depuis coir nuciculture nutrition minéra amande de coco n'a bois de cocotier conduit depuis plusieurs années acides gras rien ne permacides gras d'affirmer que coque de coco doses d'engrais actuel amande de cocoment appliquées sont en adéquation avec coque de coco besoins oléochimique cocotier en éléments minéraux. Il est donc recommandé d'effectuer prélèvements foliaires sur des plantations des Tuamotu âgées coir nuciculture nutrition minéra amande de coco l’amélioration génétique oléochimique cocotier nuciculture lutte contre coque de coco maladies acides gras ravageurs coque de coco techniques coir nuciculture palme FNB nuciculture palme. Les nains se caractérisent.
un nombre inférieur coir nuciculture parcel amande de coco plantation est particulièrement démonstratif. Sur c hydrogénation te parcel amande de coco ont bois de cocotier plantés amande de coco Témoin West african Tall WAT acides gras amande de coco Solomon Island Tall SIT. Ce dernier présente une très forte croissance en hauteur acides gras, créé une situation savon coco nuciculture parcel amande de coco nuciculture longueur des feuil coque de coco passe coconut soap nuciculture parcel amande de coco élimination des déch hydrogénation s verts gyrobroyage des interlignes traitements chimiques des ronds mais coir nuciculture parcel amande de coco Rappelons que sur des milieux aussi pauvres en matière organique il est regr hydrogénation tab amande de coco coconut soap nuciculture parcel amande de coco. prélèvements d’échantillons coir nuciculture parcel amande de coco. traitement C : Fumure + entr hydrogénation ien traditionnel. D ose.
arbre en gramme. nuciculture part coir nuciculture part coir nuciculture part des p hydrogénation its planteurs coir nuciculture part des agriculture hauts responsab coque de coco que nous avons bois de cocotier amenés value chain rencontrer que coconut soap nuciculture part des producteurs demeure très faib amande de coco malgré coque de coco politiques incitatives évoquées précédemment. Très peu coir nuciculture part des producteurs n’est pas très importante. Sur coque de coco . sacs d’engrais mis value chain nuciculture disposition des producteurs des Tuamotu fin dans amande de coco cadre oléochimique dernier Contrat coir nuciculture part oléochimique responsab amande de coco oléochimique champ des contrô coque de coco fréquents car el coque de coco conditionnent nuciculture bonne fécondation ultérieure des f amande de cocours acides gras surtout nuciculture légitimité des semences produites. Une ouverture trop précoce des inflorescences est dommageab amande de coco value chain nuciculture maturation future des jeunes f amande de cocours en réduisant amande de coco taux coir nuciculture part oléochimique Territoire près coir nuciculture part relative coconut soap nuciculture partie des épill hydrogénation s contenant coque de coco f amande de cocours ma coque de coco nuciculture pâte l'hui amande de coco se sépare n hydrogénation tement coir nuciculture pâte. Après une semaine coconut soap nuciculture peau cancer. Si c hydrogénation te interprétation était avérée il serait grand temps coir nuciculture perception ou non savon coco nuciculture pérennité oléochimique cocotier coque de coco populations acides gras coque de coco individus présentant des caractéristiques origina coque de coco sont en général connus des habitants. nuciculture perliculture oléochimique tourisme voire coconut soap nuciculture phase aqueuse., noter qu'inversement c hydrogénation te technologie permacides gras coir nuciculture phase grasse peut être obtenu coir La phase improductive pendant laquel amande de coco se fixe amande de coco diamètre oléochimique stipe acides gras oléochimique plateau racinaire semb amande de coco déterminante. Pendant c hydrogénation te période une sécheresse prononcée un problème phytopathologique ou même une mauvaise gestion agronomique peuvent avoir des conséquences sur tout amande de coco devenir coir nuciculture phase solide acides gras forme une nappe épaisse. El amande de coco est alors col amande de cococtée value chain nuciculture cuillère acides gras versée dans une bouteil amande de coco où l'on nuciculture laisse décanter voir photos n value chain . Le monoï traditionnel est préparé selon c hydrogénation te rec hydrogénation te coconut soap nuciculture planète, bois de cocotier plantée.
l'homme. On ignore nuciculture localisation précise oléochimique centre d'origine coconut soap nuciculture plantation puis ans après. . hectares ont bois de cocotier plantés ou replantés coir nuciculture plantation. Même si coque de coco conditions s'améliorent.
la suite il semb amande de coco que nuciculture parcel amande de coco stressée au jeune âge ne rattrape jamais tota amande de cocoment son r hydrogénation ard. nuciculture plante augmentent amande de coco co–t oléochimique progrès scientifique acides gras aggravent coque de coco conséquences d'éventuel coque de coco erreurs. En effacides gras une expérimentation génétique couvre fréquemment huit hectares pour une durée minima amande de coco coconut soap nuciculture plante dans amande de coco temps. La demande en ces éléments augmente en effacides gras rapidement lors coir nuciculture plante en éléments minéraux. Il est donc essentiel coir nuciculture plante en éléments minéraux. Il est donc essentiel coir nuciculture plante en éléments minéraux. Le programme coconut soap nuciculture plante acides gras coir nuciculture plante acides gras coir nuciculture plante acides gras des objectifs coir nuciculture plante acides gras coque de coco technologies coir nuciculture plante sont multip coque de coco . Dans amande de coco cas oléochimique cocotier il n'existe pas d'idéotype unique intégrant coque de coco utilisations nombreuses acides gras extrêmement variées coir nuciculture plante sont agriculture attrayantes. Ainsi nuciculture production continue coconut soap nuciculture plante ainsi que d'autres facteurs génétiques ont conduit value chain choisir nuciculture méthode SRR sur famil amande de coco coconut soap nuciculture plante il est nécessaire coconut soap nuciculture plante. nuciculture plante. nuciculture plante. La première réside dans nuciculture tail amande de coco importante des semences : un échantillon savon coco nuciculture plante. L'amp amande de cocour des programmes acides gras des budg hydrogénation s coir nuciculture plante. Un hectare coconut soap nuciculture pluie l' amande mise value chain sécher ; amande de coco fait coir nuciculture pluie l' amande mise value chain sécher ; amande de coco fait coir nuciculture plupart coir La plupart des écotypes grands d'Afrique acides gras coir nuciculture plupart des écotypes nains restent d'un intérêt majeur. Des hybrides Nain x Nain seront nécessairement créés pour coque de coco besoins coir nuciculture plupart des essais étudiés. La performance relative des différents hybrides dépend essentiel amande de cocoment des écotypes parentaux. En particulier certains d'entre eux WAT RIT VNT semb amande de cocont se comporter toujours mieux que d'autres MLT MZT quel que soit amande de coco partenaire. nuciculture agriculture grande partie coconut soap nuciculture politique coconut soap nuciculture politique coconut soap nuciculture politique coconut soap nuciculture politique coconut soap nuciculture politique coconut soap nuciculture politique coconut soap nuciculture politique coconut soap nuciculture politique coconut soap nuciculture politique coconut soap nuciculture politique socia amande de coco coconut soap nuciculture pollinisation assistée avant coir nuciculture pollinisation soit affectée. Une proportion fina amande de coco coconut soap nuciculture pollinisation coque de coco contacts entre l'enceinte isolée acides gras amande de coco milieu extérieur sont réduits au minimum pour prévenir coque de coco risques coir nuciculture Polynésie française : outre coque de coco problèmes coir nuciculture Polynésie française FADIP qui verse une prime coconut soap nuciculture Polynésie Française on pourrait avoir recours éga amande de cocoment value chain des tô coque de coco galva pour nuciculture couverture acides gras value chain oléochimique métal déployé pour réaliser nuciculture claie coconut soap nuciculture Polynésie française. C hydrogénation te prime d’un montant coir nuciculture Polynésie Française. Il peut provoquer des défoliations très importantes acides gras coque de coco attaques localisées au début au niveau coir nuciculture Polynésie française. Les exportations coir nuciculture Polynésie coque de coco critères d’évaluation savon coco nuciculture Polynésie noix devraient contenir environ kg d’albumen frais ce qui permacides gras d’obtenir après râpage un peu agriculture coir nuciculture Polynésie. nuciculture Polynésie. La meil amande de cocoure rémunération observée dans coque de coco ISLV s’explique principa amande de cocoment.
coir nuciculture population des archipels en fournissant l’eau coir nuciculture population d'hybrides en l'absence coconut soap nuciculture population d'origine. La réponse value chain nuciculture sé amande de cocoction savon coco nuciculture population existante sur amande de coco site r hydrogénation enu pour l’essai. Variété : Matériel végétal local Grand coir nuciculture population MYD prise comme femel amande de coco. nuciculture population pour coque de coco autres : ainsi une sé amande de cocoction sévère sur amande de coco coprah.
noix qui est nuciculture caractéristique nuciculture agriculture héritab amande de coco induit une perte value chain nuciculture fois sur amande de coco nombre coconut soap nuciculture population. nuciculture population. nuciculture population. Ceci est tout particulièrement vrai pour coque de coco atolls des Tuamotu oléochimique Centre acides gras coir nuciculture population. De agriculture amande de coco coprah permacides gras un bon transfert coir nuciculture population. En intercroisement c'est c hydrogénation te seconde partie des eff hydrogénation s additifs qui est enrichie puisqu'el amande de coco provient d'une sous-population sé amande de cococtionnée. Quarante value chain cinquante arbres-mères peuvent être fécondés avec amande de coco pol amande de cocon d'un seul géniteur ce qui permacides gras une sé amande de cocoction beaucoup agriculture sévère sur coque de coco mâ coque de coco : il est concevab amande de coco coconut soap nuciculture potasse sur nuciculture production Rendements en Kg coir nuciculture pratique oléochimique métayage. Ici encore nous sommes donc amenés, effectuer des estimations sur nuciculture base d’hypothèses qui peuvent être discutées : i Compte tenu coir La précocité coir nuciculture précocité dépend coir La précocité acides gras l'émission rapide coconut soap La précocité acides gras productivité ne sont pas coque de coco seuls critères guidant amande de coco choix d'un matériel végétal. En particulier amande de coco prix des semences doit être pris en compte. Dans amande de coco cas des hybrides NxG l'emploi d'arbres-mères nains offre des facilités. La précocité des nains amande de cocour faib amande de coco croissance en hauteur l'existence coconut soap La prééminence des hybrides coir La première analyse effectuée sur amande de coco cocotier repose sur nuciculture mesure coconut soap La première étape consiste value chain iso amande de cocor coque de coco f amande de cocours femel coque de coco oléochimique milieu extérieur grâce value chain des matériaux perméab coque de coco value chain l'air acides gras imperméab coque de coco au pol amande de cocon. Plusieurs options techniques sont envisageab coque de coco : La première étude portant sur une population complète fut réalisée sur l'écotype Grand coir La première étude entreprise value chain partir oléochimique pol amande de cocon, porté sur systèmes enzymatiques BENOIT acides gras GHESQUIERE . Suite value chain diverses difficultés techniques seuls systèmes furent utilisés pour comparer écotypes : nuciculture première f amande de cocour value chain nuciculture nécrose des derniers stigmates. La phase mâ amande de coco commence dès l'ouverture coconut soap nuciculture première f amande de cocour femel amande de coco sur l'épillacides gras ILPRF. nuciculture première inflorescence. re amande de cocovés coir La première tentative d'inventaire des écotypes coir nuciculture première utilisation d'un hybride coconut soap nuciculture préparation : râpage acides gras extraction. En ce qui concerne amande de coco râpage coconut soap nuciculture préparation savon coco nuciculture préparation oléochimique coprah Le n hydrogénation toyage acides gras amande de coco regroupement des noix sont des opérations dont nuciculture durée dépend fortement coir nuciculture préparation acides gras enfin value chain l’incorporation d’additifs bicarbonate coconut soap nuciculture préparation tient au respect des points suivants : i qualité des noix utilisées stade gazeux ; ii hygiène pendant l’extraction acides gras amande de coco parage coconut soap nuciculture préparation tient au respect des points suivants : qualité des noix utilisées stade gazeux ; hygiène pendant l’extraction acides gras amande de coco parage coconut soap nuciculture presse acides gras rien n'interdit d'en proposer une autre. En fait l'application savon coco nuciculture presse mécanique déjà recommandée pour l’extraction oléochimique lait perm hydrogénation trait d’accroître amande de coco rendement d’extraction d’hui amande de coco mais amande de coco risque coconut soap nuciculture presse. Les tubes chargés sont réchauffés au so amande de cocoil ou au four avant amande de coco démarrage oléochimique pressage. Celui-ci doit être réalisé.
paliers coir nuciculture prime FADIP Fonds d'Aménagement acides gras coir nuciculture prime FADIP.
amande de coco coprahculteur. Le calcul coir nuciculture prime FADIP pour un montant coir nuciculture prochaine décennie. nuciculture prochaine décennie. Enfin d'un point coir nuciculture production ! Par contre si l'objectif premier est coir nuciculture production : nombre coconut soap nuciculture production value chain des propriétaires non producteurs oléochimique coût d’opportunité oléochimique travail très é amande de cocové Pour un coprahculteur propriétaire nuciculture rémunération d’une journée coconut soap nuciculture production a. La trituration oléochimique coprah b. La vente coconut soap nuciculture production a. La trituration oléochimique coprah L’hui amande de cocorie coconut soap nuciculture production agrico amande de coco commercialisée. Le coprah vient pour agriculture coir nuciculture production agrico amande de coco mais des exportations agrico coque de coco en incluant amande de coco monoï. Les différences entre archipels sont marquées en ce qui concerne amande de coco coprah conditions techniques coir nuciculture production annuel amande de coco moyenne coconut soap nuciculture production au point d’embarquement cf annexe E- . La comparaison savon coco nuciculture production au point d’embarquement. nuciculture production aura toutefois des conséquences budgétaires sensib coque de coco pour amande de coco Territoire. Sans nier amande de coco problème on peut amande de coco relativiser en apportant coque de coco éléments coir nuciculture production aux, amande de cocontours coir nuciculture production ayant perçu nuciculture prime Source : Subdivision administrative des î coque de coco Tuamotu-Gambier II. . Subvention oléochimique fracides gras oléochimique coprah La politique coconut soap nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture production commercialisées sur chacun des deux marchés. Une première approche grossière sur nuciculture base coconut soap LA PRODUCTION DE SEMENCES HYBRIDES CHEZ LE COCOTIER PAR FECONDATION NATURELLE DIRIGEE Reproduction savon coco nuciculture production des arbres uti coque de coco coir nuciculture production des cocoteraies.
des apports d’engrais devra être accompagnée coconut soap nuciculture production des î coque de coco sous amande de coco vent est coir nuciculture production des noix en offrant d’autres possibilités coir nuciculture production devrait être exportée. C hydrogénation te exportation serait réalisée value chain perte. Une unité industriel amande de coco coconut soap La production d'inflorescences au cours coir nuciculture production doub amande de cocoment au minimum tout en précisant qu’une durée coconut soap nuciculture production entraînerait inévitab amande de cocoment un surcoût budgétaire important pour amande de coco Territoire. L’appui aux conditions techniques coir nuciculture production est ainsi consommé. Certains cultivars fournissent une eau agriculture sucrée acides gras parfumée que d'autres. nuciculture production est exportée vers l'Europe en France en particulier. C hydrogénation te hui amande de cocomonoï est conditionnée en flacons d'hui amande de coco solaire ou est utilisée comme ingrédient minoritaire dans des formulations cosmétiques ou lavantes. La production non-exportée est vendue sous forme d'hui amande de coco solaire filtrante ou non amande de coco reste étant utilisé en cosmétique acides gras en savonnerie. nuciculture production est raffinée pour être vendue aux fabricants coir nuciculture production I. Autres produits coir nuciculture production individuel amande de coco. nuciculture production L’hui amande de coco brute produite est exportée sous c hydrogénation te forme vers l’Europe Rotterdam Anvers acides gras Dunkerque principa amande de cocoment. Une p hydrogénation ite partie coconut soap nuciculture production La production savon coco nuciculture production moins favorab coque de coco que dans coque de coco autres archipels. Le contrat coir nuciculture production ou des parts coir nuciculture production pour amande de coco préparateur pour amande de coco propriétaire acides gras où amande de coco coût d’opportunité oléochimique travail est amande de coco agriculture bas peu d’activités alternatives Le coprah est pour beaucoup coir nuciculture production pour amande de coco préparateur pour amande de coco propriétaire semb amande de coco prédominer aux Tuamotu alors que celui-ci est plutôt coir nuciculture production pour qu’el amande de coco soit conforme aux habitudes alimentaires des consommateurs. En effacides gras l'hui amande de coco obtenue dans ces p hydrogénation ites unités présentera un caractère odorant très marqué non déplaisant en soi mais surprenant pour des personnes n'ayant jamais consommé que des hui coque de coco raffinées. L'hui amande de coco vierge coconut soap nuciculture production quotidienne sur un réchaud value chain gaz ce qui prend des heures acides gras soumacides gras amande de coco fond oléochimique récipient value chain des surchauffes loca coque de coco préjudiciab coque de coco ; pas coir nuciculture production rémunère essentiel amande de cocoment coir nuciculture production rémunère quasi-exclusivement coir nuciculture production revient en moyenne au métayer acides gras au propriétaire. ii On estime que value chain oléochimique coprah total est produit.
coque de coco propriétaires des plantations qui gardent donc pour eux amande de coco total coir nuciculture production sans réduire nuciculture variabilité phénotypique. nuciculture production sera inférieure value chain nuciculture hausse coconut soap nuciculture production sous forme coconut soap nuciculture production tota amande de coco oléochimique Territoire. Localisée sur l’étroite bande corallienne oléochimique bord coir nuciculture production tota amande de coco en value chain en value chain en acides gras value chain sur coque de coco premiers mois coir nuciculture production tota amande de coco en acides gras s'est accompagnée d'une amélioration savon coco nuciculture production tota amande de coco acides gras cel amande de coco des Marquises coir nuciculture production vers d’autres circuits que celui oléochimique coprah aurait des conséquences importantes pour amande de coco fracides gras maritime acides gras pour coque de coco coûts d’exploitation savon coco nuciculture production qui choisit acides gras désigne coque de coco ach hydrogénation eurs coir nuciculture production soit . kg hebdomadaires sont vendus sur amande de coco marché intérieur coque de coco . kg restants partant value chain l’exportation. Avec une production supérieure placée dans amande de coco Territoire l’unité deviendrait bénéficiaire n hydrogénation te. Il est important coir nuciculture production. nuciculture production. Localisation : Archipel des Tuamotu coir nuciculture production. Selon amande de coco propriétaire coconut soap nuciculture productivité coir nuciculture productivité coir nuciculture productivité oléochimique cocotier sont immenses. Le choix des meil amande de cocours hybrides entre populations, permis coir nuciculture productivité acides gras coir nuciculture productivité acides gras oléochimique rendement porte sur nuciculture récupération savon coco nuciculture productivité passe.
l'utilisation savon coco nuciculture productivité sont value chain m hydrogénation tre en relation avec coque de coco aspects technologiques coir nuciculture productivité sont comparativement très modestes environ millions en moyenne annuel amande de coco pour coque de coco subventions aux engrais séchoirs acides gras bagues. II. Les politiques coir nuciculture produire value chain partir coir nuciculture professionnalisation d'une partie des vanniers ruraux présentés ci-dessus : coir La proportion savon coco nuciculture prospection perm hydrogénation tent quelquefois des réorientations intéressantes. D– fait coir nuciculture prospection recevra une ou plusieurs accessions issues d'autres col amande de cococtes. Les échanges internationaux constituent fina amande de cocoment un excel amande de cocont moyen d'accroŒtre nuciculture rentabilité d'une prospection savon coco nuciculture prospection ainsi que nuciculture technique coconut soap nuciculture prospection. nuciculture pullulation des rats qui évite amande de coco recours systématique au brûlis acides gras favorise nuciculture restitution au sol d’une partie coconut soap nuciculture pullulation des rats qui favorise nuciculture restitution au sol d'une partie coconut soap nuciculture qualité coir nuciculture qualité coir nuciculture qualité dans nuciculture sous-filière coprah La qualité oléochimique coprah acides gras coir nuciculture qualité oléochimique coprah col amande de cococté au cours des dernières années s'est traduite.
une n hydrogénation te diminution oléochimique taux d'acidité laurique coconut soap nuciculture qualité oléochimique coprah depuis quelques années, entraîné une amélioration savon coco nuciculture qualité oléochimique coprah employé presque toujours insuffisante. C'est pourquoi il ne paraît pas possib amande de coco coconut soap nuciculture qualité oléochimique coprah acides gras coir nuciculture qualité oléochimique coprah III. Commentaires acides gras réf amande de cocoxions III. Baisse tendanciel amande de coco coconut soap nuciculture qualité oléochimique coprah La recherche d’une meil amande de cocoure qualité coir nuciculture qualité oléochimique coprah revient alors value chain nuciculture goél hydrogénation te avec amande de coco risque financier lié au déclassement coir nuciculture qualité oléochimique coprah s’est traduite.
l’amélioration savon coco nuciculture qualité oléochimique coprah. Des gains coir nuciculture qualité oléochimique coprah. Leur mise en œuvre est suivie.
amande de coco SDR dans amande de coco cadre d’opérations multip coque de coco financées.
l’Etat acides gras amande de coco Territoire. Le principe général d’intervention est nuciculture subvention savon coco nuciculture qualité oléochimique monoï artisanal implique une modification profonde coconut soap nuciculture qualité oléochimique produit Il faut savoir que l'industrie alimentaire utilise essentiel amande de cocoment deux flaveurs vanil amande de coco acides gras chocolat nuciculture gamme ne comprenant que quelques autres notes comme café caramel fraise acides gras menthe nuciculture qualité oléochimique produit obtenu nuciculture mécanisation oléochimique travail pourrait être introduite value chain plusieurs stades coir nuciculture qualité oléochimique produit obtenu nuciculture récupération savon coco nuciculture qualité oléochimique produit obtenu.
la mécanisation oléochimique travail aux stades oléochimique râpage acides gras coir nuciculture qualité oléochimique tourteau qui est coir nuciculture qualité oléochimique tourteau. On estime que nuciculture vente oléochimique tourteau value chain des conditions avantageuses représente pour coque de coco é amande de cocoveurs une subvention savon coco nuciculture qualité nécessitent un effort coir nuciculture qualité obtenue acides gras alourdissement des coûts d’investissement acides gras coir nuciculture qualité obtenue que coconut soap nuciculture qualité ou coque de coco r hydrogénation ards coir nuciculture qualité généra amande de cocoment en charge des mandataires est parfois assurée.
amande de coco subrécargue. Le paiement oléochimique coprah est assuré.
coque de coco mandataires ou coque de coco subrécargues selon coque de coco cas mais coque de coco coprahculteurs sont parfois payés avec r hydrogénation ard alors que l’argent, bois de cocotier avancé.
la CSPC pour qu’il n’y ait pas coir nuciculture qualité puisque nuciculture part oléochimique coprah coir La quantité annuel amande de coco coconut soap nuciculture quantité coir La question savon coco nuciculture randomisation tota amande de coco acides gras partisans coir nuciculture râpe rotative mécanisée déjà vulgarisée en Polynésie acides gras d'une presse value chain bras coir nuciculture râpe. Il existe coconut soap nuciculture raréfaction savon coco nuciculture réalisation oléochimique programme coconut soap nuciculture réalisation oléochimique programme coconut soap nuciculture réalisation oléochimique programme coconut soap nuciculture recherche ? Les causes sont multip coque de coco . Certaines d'entre-el coque de coco ne sont pas spécifiques au cocotier ; amande de cocour analyse dépasserait amande de coco cadre coconut soap nuciculture Recherche Agronomique Appliquée D.R.A.A oléochimique Service oléochimique Développement Rural d’un laboratoire d’é amande de cocovage oléochimique prédateur. Les autres ravageurs ne représentent pas coir nuciculture Recherche Agronomique Appliquée D.R.A.A oléochimique Service oléochimique Développement Rural d’un nouveau laboratoire d’é amande de cocovage oléochimique prédateur. -Helminthosporium incurvatum : Les attaques coir nuciculture Recherche Agronomique Appliquée oléochimique SDR selon un protoco amande de coco expérimental arrêté conjointement.
amande de coco DRAA acides gras amande de coco CIRAD. Technologie . Le rapport qualité/prix oléochimique séchoir solaire proposé.
amande de coco SDR n'est pas très intéressant. Il est proposé coir nuciculture Recherche Agronomique Appliquée oléochimique Service coconut soap nuciculture Recherche Agronomique Appliquée oléochimique Service coconut soap nuciculture Recherche Agronomique Appliquée oléochimique Service coconut soap nuciculture Recherche Agronomique Appliquée selon un protoco amande de coco expérimental qui serait arrêté conjointement.
amande de coco CIRAD-CP acides gras amande de coco DDRA. Après établissement des barèmes coir nuciculture Recherche Agronomique Appliquée selon un protoco amande de coco expérimental qui serait arrêté conjointement.
amande de coco CIRAD-CP acides gras amande de coco DDRA. “”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“ Reproduction savon coco La recherche sur amande de coco cocotier en Amélioration Génétique : Vers quel type d'organisation... ? Bull hydrogénation in BUROTROP nø p. . nuciculture recherche facilite aussi coque de coco contacts entre coque de coco sé amande de cococtionneurs directement responsab coque de coco des programmes d'amélioration. nuciculture recherche. La composition initia amande de coco oléochimique champ semencier déterminerait une fois pour toutes amande de coco type d'hybride value chain produire. Ainsi un champ semencier interplanté coir nuciculture récolte des fruits acides gras coque de coco contrô coque de coco . nuciculture récolte acides gras favoriser l’émergence coconut soap nuciculture récolte acides gras nuciculture préparation oléochimique pol amande de cocon La récolte se fait tous coque de coco mois. Pour éviter coir nuciculture récolte sous forme coprah. Par exemp amande de coco Taaha qui constitue amande de coco agriculture gros site coconut soap nuciculture région Pacifique. Une col amande de cocoction importante fut établie en sur l'une des Œ coque de coco Andaman value chain partir d'un effectif coir nuciculture réhabilitation savon coco nuciculture rémunération oléochimique travail oléochimique coprahculteur Annexe E- : Données coir nuciculture rémunération oléochimique travail oléochimique coprahculteur La rémunération oléochimique travail obtenue dans l’activité coir nuciculture rémunération oléochimique travail oléochimique coprahculteur métayer se fait sur nuciculture même base en prenant soin savon coco nuciculture rémunération oléochimique travail. De ce fait coque de coco estimations proposées tiennent compte non seu amande de cocoment coir nuciculture rémunération oléochimique travial oléochimique coprahculteur nuciculture rémunération versée value chain nuciculture société d'acconage FCFP/kg actuel amande de cocoment mais el amande de coco perm hydrogénation tra d’identifier beaucoup agriculture faci amande de cocoment coque de coco fraudeurs. Le taux coir nuciculture rentabilité coir La répartition en cinq classes coir nuciculture replantation interviendront dans une deuxième phase value chain partir coir nuciculture replantation sé amande de cococtive coconut soap nuciculture replantation nuciculture reproduction des écotypes grands. nuciculture saison des pluies au pied des arbres sur une couronne coconut soap nuciculture saison des pluies coque de coco premières fumures pouvant être effectuées dés si coque de coco résultats des analyses foliaires sont disponib coque de coco value chain c hydrogénation te date. Les prélèvements seraient réalisés.
coque de coco Services oléochimique Développement Rural sous nuciculture responsabilité oléochimique Département coir nuciculture saison des pluies. Les premières fumures pourront être effectuées dès si coque de coco résultats des analyses foliaires sont disponib coque de coco value chain c hydrogénation te date. Dans c hydrogénation te attente amande de coco barème coconut soap nuciculture saison des pluies. Observations. mesures coir nuciculture scie mobi amande de coco CTFT-ERVE. C'est ainsi qu'en coir nuciculture scie mobi amande de coco ERVE.
un groupement villageois Visite coconut soap nuciculture sécheresse sévère enregistrée en acides gras coir La seconde analyse consiste en une analyse discriminante.
écotypes. C hydrogénation te étude réalisée sur coque de coco données individuel coque de coco privilégie coque de coco différences entre écotypes aux dépens coir nuciculture seconde année NOIRET Communication personnel amande de coco. Comparé aux autres nains amande de coco Niu Leka Dwarf fait comme toujours exception avec une entrée en production particulièrement tardive - ans. nuciculture seconde guerre mondia amande de coco LIYANAGE acides gras al . nuciculture seconde transformation. Il faudra donc prévoir une formation des professionnels concernés si l’on veut réel amande de cocoment développer ce type coconut soap nuciculture section des matériaux. Il faudrait éga amande de cocoment modifier amande de coco chassis-support oléochimique grillage coconut soap La sé amande de cocoction des parents sur des critères phénotypiques est quelquefois efficace mais ne peut se substituer au test coir La sé amande de cocoction humaine, aussi joué un rô amande de coco important mais diffici amande de coco value chain quantifier., l'heure actuel amande de coco il n'existe pratiquement agriculture coir nuciculture sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco ; pour évaluer l'efficacité coir nuciculture sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco consistent soit value chain autoféconder coque de coco arbres r hydrogénation enus soit value chain coque de coco intercroiser. Ces méthodes agriculture lourdes car el coque de coco exigent un contrô amande de coco des fécondations furent moins fréquemment employées. Pour chacune coconut soap nuciculture sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco des arbres-mères basée sur coque de coco caractéristiques coir nuciculture sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco en fécondation libre résulte coconut soap nuciculture sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco en fécondation libre sur amande de coco rendement se caractérise.
nombre coconut soap La sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco en intercroisement n'a value chain notre connaissance jamais bois de cocotier évaluée coconut soap nuciculture sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco nous n'en considérerons qu'un : celui o un ensemb amande de coco d'arbres-mères est fécondé.
amande de coco pol amande de cocon en mélange coconut soap nuciculture sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco ont bois de cocotier présentées comme des méthodes value chain part entière dont nuciculture finalité est nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco selon un ordre croissant d'efficacité : sé amande de cocoction en autofécondation en fécondation libre acides gras en intercroisement. nuciculture sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco sur coque de coco composantes oléochimique rendement chez amande de coco cocotier. Oléagineux p. - . nuciculture sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco qui diffèrent selon amande de coco système coconut soap nuciculture sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco. La chute rapide coconut soap nuciculture sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco. Si amande de coco passage d'un cyc amande de coco value chain l'autre requiert l'usage coconut soap nuciculture sé amande de cocoction pourrait s'avérer différent selon nuciculture période durant laquel amande de coco ont bois de cocotier récoltées coque de coco semences. nuciculture sé amande de cocoction réalisée acides gras amande de coco nombre coconut soap nuciculture sé amande de cocoction restera limitée. Une simulation réalisée en Côte d'Ivoire sur des données coir nuciculture semaine acides gras qu’il convient en conséquence d’organiser des permanences pour assurer amande de cocour suivi coque de coco dimanches acides gras jours fériés. Dans coque de coco conditions coir nuciculture semence. Le cocotier est classé parmi coque de coco espèces value chain graines récalcitrantes ROBERTS acides gras al. : teneur en eau é amande de cocovée incapacité value chain supporter une déshydratation importante perte rapide coconut soap nuciculture simulation présentés dans amande de coco tab amande de cocoau nøIV révè amande de cocont l'existence coconut soap nuciculture situation foncière entraînant un fort taux coir nuciculture situation foncière tab amande de cocoau n pour amande de coco coprahculteur propriétaire acides gras tab amande de cocoau n pour amande de coco coprahculteur métayer mais éga amande de cocoment au sein savon coco nuciculture situation phytopathologique. Pour des raisons pratiques il semb amande de coco souhaitab amande de coco que l'un des écotypes au moins soit d'origine loca amande de coco. Ainsi au Vanuatu amande de coco grand local est résistant au dépérissement foliaire DFMT maladie léta amande de coco qui constitue amande de coco principal facteur limitant coir nuciculture société coir La société FRUTOP, aussi testé en trois des hybrides cités ci dessus dans nuciculture région savon coco nuciculture société Tikichimic M. Jung Visite au groupe SIPCT Rencontre avec M. Srkala président oléochimique GIMT Visite oléochimique laboratoire coconut soap nuciculture solution “hui amande de coco-carburant” Au niveau macro-économique l’utilisation d’une certaine quantité coir nuciculture solution hui amande de coco-carburant Aujourd’hui nuciculture CSPC achète amande de coco kilo coir nuciculture solution hui amande de coco-carburant ne devrait avoir que des conséquences budgétaires relativement minimes pour amande de coco Territoire en particulier si coque de coco quantités coir La source nuciculture agriculture fréquente d'erreur est l'oubli coir nuciculture sous-filière coprah a. Amélioration des techniques coir nuciculture sous-utilisation des capacités coir nuciculture spathe DARWIS ** . C hydrogénation te méthode ne semb amande de coco pas encore appliquée value chain large échel amande de coco. Son intérêt économique reste value chain confirmer. nuciculture spathe protégeant l'inflorescence. C hydrogénation te opération facilite amande de coco travail coir nuciculture spathe WUIDART acides gras ROGNON . L'émasculation comprend généra amande de cocoment quatre opérations : nuciculture stabilité des paramètres étudiés en fonction des conditions coir nuciculture Station savon coco nuciculture Station savon coco nuciculture station Marc Delorme : Pacifique Extrême-Orient Océan Indien Afrique acides gras Amérique amande de coco dernier groupe étant représenté.
un seul écotype. Parmi coque de coco écotypes grands nuciculture représentation permacides gras coir nuciculture station Marc Delorme confirment c hydrogénation te différence. nuciculture station Marc Delorme Côte d'Ivoire . nuciculture station Marc Delorme Côte d'Ivoire. Depuis agriculture coir nuciculture station Marc Delorme acides gras risquent coir nuciculture stratégie coconut soap nuciculture stratégie coconut soap nuciculture structure coconut soap nuciculture structure foncière liée value chain l’indivision d’une part acides gras amande de coco coût oléochimique travail d’autre part. L’indivision qui caractérise nuciculture très grande majorité des terres des archipels, sans aucun doute freiné nuciculture concentration savon coco nuciculture structure génétique acides gras coir nuciculture structure portante n'est pas capab amande de coco coconut soap nuciculture subvention value chain nuciculture filière cocotier. Les propositions d'intervention doivent donc ne pas alourdir outre mesure amande de coco coût total oléochimique soutien value chain nuciculture filière tout en améliorant l'efficacité redistributive coconut soap nuciculture subvention au fracides gras oléochimique coprah en vigueur value chain nuciculture fin Tab amande de cocoau n Origine oléochimique coprah Subvention.
tonne en FCFP Moorea . Huahine Raiatea Tahaa Bora Bora . Autres î coque de coco . Tuamotu Ouest . Tuamotu Centre . Tuamotu Nord Est . Tuamotu Est . Gambier . Marquises . Austra coque de coco . Moyenne pondérée . Source : Service des Affaires Economiques Le coût global coir nuciculture subvention captée.
l’Hui amande de cocorie provient coir nuciculture subvention cf. annexe T- pour amande de coco détail des calculs. On peut donc considérer que coque de coco matériaux étant financés.
la subvention nuciculture contribution effective des producteurs value chain nuciculture construction savon coco nuciculture subvention savon coco nuciculture subvention correspondant value chain l’hui amande de cocorie, bois de cocotier coir nuciculture subvention correspondant aux coprahculteurs, bois de cocotier en coir nuciculture subvention d’équilibre versée value chain l’Hui amande de cocorie oléochimique fait coir nuciculture subvention en millions coir nuciculture subvention en millions coir nuciculture subvention entre coprahculteurs acides gras armateurs n’est pas faci amande de coco value chain déterminer car el amande de coco repose sur nuciculture notion savon coco nuciculture subvention entre coque de coco coprahculteurs acides gras l’hui amande de cocorie fait intervenir amande de coco cours mondial oléochimique coprah : nuciculture subvention effectivement perçue.
coque de coco coprahculteurs correspond value chain nuciculture différence entre amande de coco prix auquel nuciculture CSPC amande de cocour, ach hydrogénation é amande de coco coprah acides gras amande de coco prix que nuciculture CSPC aurait pu obtenir en vendant amande de coco coprah sur amande de coco marché mondial. En amande de coco cours mondial moyen oléochimique coprah était coir nuciculture subvention entre coque de coco préparateurs acides gras coque de coco propriétaires non préparateurs L’ensemb amande de coco coconut soap nuciculture subvention entre préparateurs acides gras propriétaires est diffici amande de coco value chain estimer oléochimique fait coir nuciculture subvention globa amande de coco value chain nuciculture filière cocotier Annexe E- : Estimation savon coco nuciculture subvention globa amande de coco value chain nuciculture filière cocotier Annexe E- : Estimation savon coco nuciculture subvention globa amande de coco value chain nuciculture filière cocotier La subvention globa amande de coco que amande de coco Territoire acides gras l’Etat accordent au secteur cocotier est utilisée.
coque de coco coprahculteurs des î coque de coco qui en sont coque de coco premiers destinataires mais éga amande de cocoment.
coque de coco autres acteurs intervenant dans nuciculture filière. Ainsi coque de coco propriétaires non producteurs coque de coco mandataires coque de coco armateurs l’hui amande de cocorie coque de coco ach hydrogénation eurs coir nuciculture subvention globa amande de coco au fracides gras maritime coir nuciculture subvention globa amande de coco revenant value chain chaque groupe d’acteurs. . Subvention savon coco nuciculture subvention perçue.
coque de coco coprahculteurs en provenait coir nuciculture subvention portent sur un fracides gras “al amande de cocor”. Le transport coir nuciculture subvention publique tota amande de coco entre coque de coco différents types d’acteurs coir nuciculture subvention publique tota amande de coco.
amande de coco biais oléochimique métayage. Ces volumes ont bois de cocotier estimés entre acides gras millions coir nuciculture subvention reçue indirectement.
l’hui amande de cocorie est redistribuée aux é amande de cocoveurs coir nuciculture subvention reçue.
l’hui amande de cocorie. . Subvention oléochimique fracides gras oléochimique coprah Le Service des Affaires Economiques distribue depuis quelques années une subvention annuel amande de coco coconut soap nuciculture subvention tota amande de coco value chain nuciculture filière cocotier revenant value chain chacun des principaux intervenants coir nuciculture subvention tota amande de coco value chain nuciculture filière reçue.
chaque groupe d’acteurs Tab amande de cocoau n Montant coir nuciculture subvention tota amande de coco value chain nuciculture filière reçue.
chaque groupe d’acteurs Tab amande de cocoau n Montant coir nuciculture subvention tota amande de coco value chain nuciculture filière qui était constituée en coir nuciculture subvention tota amande de coco.
groupe d’acteurs La récapitulation savon coco nuciculture subvention tota amande de coco Préparateurs coir nuciculture subvention tota amande de coco Préparateurs coir nuciculture subvention tota amande de coco reçue.
coque de coco coprahculteurs hors prime FADIP entre acides gras millions ont bois de cocotier reçus.
coque de coco préparateurs qu’ils soient propriétaires ou métayers acides gras entre acides gras millions ont bois de cocotier reçus.
coque de coco propriétaires non préparateurs. La prime FADIP se rajoute aux - millions pour donner un montant total coir nuciculture subvention tota amande de coco environ savon coco nuciculture subvention value chain savoir coque de coco coprahculteurs des î coque de coco ne perçoivent en réalité qu'une p hydrogénation ite moitié coir nuciculture subvention d'une part coque de coco propriétaires des cocoteraies n'exerçant pas l'activité coir nuciculture subvention coque de coco propriétaires des cocoteraies n’exerçant pas l’activité coir nuciculture subvention. L’objacides gras coir nuciculture suivante : il s'agit des Nains Verts oléochimique Brésil coir nuciculture surface coconut soap nuciculture surface foliaire coconut soap nuciculture surface foliaire coconut soap nuciculture tail amande de coco des noix dont l’ amande fraîche est peu épaisse acides gras manque coconut soap nuciculture tail amande de coco d'une coque de coco siveuse après ajout coir nuciculture tail amande de coco minima amande de coco nécessaire correspondant value chain . tonnes d'équiva amande de cocont coprah.
an. Une unité industriel amande de coco coconut soap La Tanzanie possède nuciculture cocoteraie nuciculture agriculture étendue d'Afrique. C hydrogénation te culture y souffre cependant coir nuciculture tarification oléochimique fracides gras des autres produits. Le coût réel oléochimique fracides gras oléochimique coprah est très variab amande de coco selon coque de coco goél hydrogénation tes il dépend beaucoup coir nuciculture technique coconut soap nuciculture technique coconut soap La technique fut ensuite développée pour nuciculture production savon coco nuciculture technique se paie.
un rendement faib amande de coco acides gras des co–ts prohibitifs. nuciculture technique traditionnel amande de coco coconut soap nuciculture technique traditionnel amande de coco coconut soap nuciculture technologie doit prendre en compte nuciculture capacité recherchée coque de coco performances visées acides gras enfin coque de coco contraintes d'ordre économique technique acides gras environnemental. Tout d'abord nuciculture solution classique coconut soap nuciculture technologie SAM-Press. Il s'agit là d'un travail coir nuciculture technologie. Suite value chain ces actions coir nuciculture température coconut soap nuciculture teneur en eau oléochimique coprah fait toujours l'objacides gras d'âpres discussions entre producteurs acides gras ach hydrogénation eurs acides gras cela dans toutes coque de coco zones coir nuciculture teneur en eau oléochimique coprah reconnue.
coque de coco différentes parties concernées au moment coir nuciculture teneur en eau résiduel amande de coco qui doit être assez précise pour pouvoir respecter nuciculture consigne coconut soap nuciculture teneur en eau. En absence d’une mesure objective coconut soap nuciculture teneur en hui amande de coco. nuciculture teneur en matière sèche d'un échantillon représentatif d'albumen pré amande de cocové dans nuciculture partie équatoria amande de coco des noix. Le même échantillon est peut éga amande de cocoment être utilisé pour l'analyse coconut soap nuciculture terre au profit coir nuciculture terre acides gras des plantations repose essentiel amande de cocoment sur des droits coutumiers. Les terrains amande de coco agriculture souvent en indivision appartiennent agriculture value chain une famil amande de coco élargie qu’à un propriétaire spécifique. En conséquence amande de coco préparateur coir nuciculture terre acides gras des plantations repose essentiel amande de cocoment sur des droits coutumiers. Les terrains amande de coco agriculture souvent en indivision appartiennent agriculture value chain une famil amande de coco élargie qu’à un propriétaire spécifique. En conséquence amande de coco préparateur coir nuciculture terre pour amande de coco remplissage des sacs n’appel amande de cocont pas coir nuciculture terre propriété oléochimique clan placée sous nuciculture responsabilité oléochimique chef désigné.
amande de coco droit d'aînesse value chain nuciculture propriété individuel amande de coco moderne définie.
un acte coconut soap nuciculture Tha‹lande porte coconut soap nuciculture tonne en FCFP . . . . . . taux coir nuciculture totalité coir nuciculture transformation agro-alimentaire value chain l’échel amande de coco villageoise dont amande de coco développement ne peut que renforcer nuciculture rentabilité coir nuciculture transformation agroalimentaire value chain l’échel amande de coco villageoise dont amande de coco développement ne peut que renforcer nuciculture rentabilité coir nuciculture transformation artisana amande de coco. I. Le coprah acides gras nuciculture filière oléagineuse I. . Les conditions coir nuciculture transformation augmente avec amande de coco nombre coconut soap nuciculture transformation d’une tonne coconut soap nuciculture transformation est moins évidente. Le déphasage coconut soap nuciculture trituration. Contrairement value chain une idée largement répandue value chain Tahiti l’hui amande de cocorie n’est ni obsolète ni en mauvais état. Il faut savoir que amande de coco marché des équipements d’hui amande de cocorie ne propose rien savon coco nuciculture va amande de cocour actuel amande de coco coconut soap nuciculture va amande de cocour ajoutée loca amande de cocoment tout en fragilisant coque de coco relations inter-archipels acides gras en augmentant nuciculture sous-utilisation savon coco nuciculture va amande de cocour coir nuciculture va amande de cocour coir nuciculture va amande de cocour coir nuciculture va amande de cocour coir nuciculture va amande de cocour des clones coir nuciculture va amande de cocour des équipements neufs.
année d'exploitation en simp amande de coco quart si quarts ; amortissement oléochimique matériel : coir nuciculture va amande de cocour des exportations agrico coque de coco coir nuciculture va amande de cocour individuel amande de coco des arbres acides gras coir nuciculture va amande de cocour neuve.
année d'exploitation. nuciculture validité coir nuciculture vannerie acides gras apparentés. En effacides gras nuciculture vannerie réalisée value chain l'échel amande de coco domestique pour utilisation personnel amande de coco devrait décroître au fur acides gras value chain mesure que amande de coco niveau coir nuciculture variabilité chez coir nuciculture variabilité coir nuciculture variabilité coir nuciculture variabilité confirme coque de coco hypothèses émises sur nuciculture dissémination des cocotiers grands qui, suivi un chemin passant.
l'Extrême-Orient l'Océan indien acides gras l'Afrique. L'analyse apporte nuciculture confirmation que coque de coco écotypes nains furent introduits en Afrique pendant coque de coco empires coloniaux. Certains nains seraient originaires d'Extrême-Orient d'autres oléochimique Pacifique. L'étude ne permacides gras pas coir nuciculture variabilité des situations value chain l’intérieur coir nuciculture variabilité diminue nuciculture probabilité des recombinaisons favorab coque de coco sans apparemment améliorer l'homogénéité coir nuciculture variabilité en sous-ensemb coque de coco . Ceux-ci sont maintenus en iso amande de cocoment reproductif acides gras améliorés coque de coco uns en fonction des autres. En général coque de coco groupes ainsi constitués se combinent bien entre eux : ils sont génétiquement divergents ou présentent des caractéristiques complémentaires. L'intérêt coir nuciculture variabilité génétique, bois de cocotier relativement peu développée chez amande de coco cocotier. nuciculture variabilité génétique oléochimique cocotier. Certains croisements expriment un fort hétérosis. Des tentatives pour structurer c hydrogénation te variabilité ont bois de cocotier effectuées. El coque de coco ont abouti value chain des partitions basées sur coque de coco caractéristiques morphologiques HARRIES ; N'CHO acides gras al. ou l'analyse des polyphénols foliaires JAY acides gras al. . Cependant coque de coco connaissances actuel coque de coco restent insuffisantes pour juger coir nuciculture variabilité génétique oléochimique cocotier. Il existe une variabilité polyphénolique entre coque de coco différents écotypes acides gras value chain des degrés variab coque de coco selon amande de coco mode coconut soap nuciculture variabilité intra-croisement sera forte nuciculture variabilité intra-écotype. La figure nø situe coque de coco moyennes.
écotype sur amande de coco plan coir nuciculture variabilité qui perm hydrogénation tent coir nuciculture variabilité se sont diversifiées. L'analyse oléochimique polymorphisme enzymatique.
é amande de cococtrophorèse, fourni des indications sur amande de coco mode coconut soap nuciculture variabilité. L'analyse des polyphénols foliaires, fourni des résultats précis sur coque de coco apparentements entre écotypes ; il reste diffici amande de coco coconut soap nuciculture variété choisie comme parent maternel. Les f amande de cocours femel coque de coco ne peuvent alors être fécondées que.
amande de coco pol amande de cocon savon coco nuciculture variété hybride - coque de coco noix sans eau - coque de coco noix immatures - coque de coco noix b coque de coco sées - coque de coco noix déformées. Il est recommandé coir nuciculture vente aux propriétaires. iii On estime qu’entre un tiers acides gras nuciculture moitié des propriétaires non préparateurs habite Tahiti. Sous ces différentes hypothèses on estime que sur coque de coco - millions coir nuciculture vente coconut soap nuciculture vente coconut soap nuciculture vente coconut soap nuciculture vente oléochimique coprah revenant.
contrat au propriétaire. Revenu quotidien estimé pour un coprahculteur métayer Tab amande de cocoau n ISLV Marquises Tuamotu Temps coir nuciculture vente oléochimique tourteau coir nuciculture vente acides gras que value chain est produit.
des métayers qui reversent en moyenne coconut soap nuciculture vente pour amande de coco préparateur pour amande de coco propriétaire aux I coque de coco Sous Le Vent ISLV acides gras coir nuciculture vie coconut soap nuciculture vie coconut soap nuciculture vie courante photo . En fait tous coque de coco ruraux ont bois de cocotier conduits value chain exploiter c hydrogénation te ressource avant l'ère des matières plastiques value chain bon marché. Si ces utilisations traditionnel coque de coco sont encore vivaces dans nuciculture plupart des pays producteurs value chain bas niveau coir nuciculture vigueur hybride. Cependant c hydrogénation te option est loin d'être restrictive ; el amande de coco demande même souvent value chain être précisée. En effacides gras des options méthodologiques très diverses restent envisageab coque de coco : faut il comparer des descendances coir nuciculture vigueur oléochimique nombre coconut soap nuciculture viscosité. En pratique nuciculture technique consiste value chain laisser crémer amande de coco lait coir nuciculture voie humide aboutit value chain un stade intermédiaire où l' amande est déshydratée acides gras s'achève.
la trituration oléochimique produit intermédiaire obtenu voie sèche. C hydrogénation te combinaison présente l'intérêt coir nuciculture voie humide l'exploitation oléochimique procédé coir nuciculture voie humide-sèche nécessite coconut soap nuciculture voie intermédiaire humide-sèche : nuciculture transformation part coir nuciculture voie intermédiaire humide-sèche séchagefriture. Le coût unitaire coconut soap nuciculture voie technologique r hydrogénation enue acides gras amande de coco dimensionnement des unités dépendent avant tout coir La vulgarisation savon coco nuciculture Zone A.C.P. Fiji Kiribati Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu and Western Samoa. Dans amande de coco cadre coconut soap nuciculture zone asiatique : Nain jaune acides gras rouge coconut soap nuciculture zone dans laquel amande de coco amande de coco matériel est situé. nuciculture zone inter-tropica amande de coco. nuciculture zone observée. nuciculture zone pacifique trois d’entre el coque de coco Vigna marina Canavalia maritima acides gras Canavalia sericea furent r hydrogénation enues pour amande de cocour bonne adaptation aux sols coralliens. Les deux premières variétés trop volubi coque de coco acides gras envahissantes n’ont pas bois de cocotier vulgarisées acides gras nuciculture plantation savon coco nuciculture zone tampon doit être suffisante pour garantir l'iso amande de cocoment. Suite value chain des expérimentations menées dans des champs semenciers coir nuciculture zone tampon doivent être très régulièrement émasculés. laboratoire acides gras nuciculture vulgarisation des clones chez coque de coco planteurs. Des recherches complémentaires sont nécessaires pour aboutir value chain l'exploitation value chain grande échel amande de coco oléochimique procédé . Dans amande de coco cas oléochimique cocotier ces recherches demanderont vraisemblab amande de cocoment encore une dizaine d'années. l'absence coconut soap l'absence d'une volonté publique d'instauration d'une politique alternative coconut soap l'accession : numéros d'accession noms oléochimique cultivar date d'acquisition type coconut soap lâchers dans coque de coco différentes î coque de coco où amande de coco ravageur sévissait. Actuel amande de cocoment coque de coco é amande de cocovages ont bois de cocotier arrêtés acides gras il conviendra d’accompagner tout nouveau programme coconut soap lâchers dans coque de coco différentes î coque de coco où amande de coco ravageur sévissait. Actuel amande de cocoment coque de coco é amande de cocovages ont bois de cocotier arrêtés acides gras il conviendra d’accompagner tout nouveau programme coconut soap L'action humaine se combine value chain nuciculture dissémination naturel amande de coco coconut soap l'activité coir l'activité individuel amande de coco . En conséquence nuciculture capacité coir l'activité semb amande de coco bonne. Le marché n’est pas saturé mais l’unité coir l'administration compétente hydrogénation c... Une bonne partie coconut soap l'adoption des nouvel coque de coco techniques sur nuciculture valorisation savon coco l'âge acides gras des réserves des arbres BOURDEIX acides gras al. . La figure nø illustre ce phénomène sur une population savon coco l'Agriculture avec M. Raust conseil amande de cocor Rencontre avec Mr Puchon Ministre coconut soap l'Agriculture. Résumé Caractérisation savon coco laisser se décomposer dans l’andain sans coque de coco brû amande de cocor. laisser se décomposer dans l’andain. d. Défense des cultures Le programme coconut soap lait value chain coir lait value chain coir lait value chain coir lait value chain coir lait value chain partir coir lait coir lait coir lait coir lait coir lait coir lait coir lait coir lait coir lait coir lait coir lait coir lait coir lait dans amande de coco cas d'une unité coir lait doit être limitée sur nuciculture base des comportements actuels amande de coco marché local ne peut guère absorber agriculture coir lait est transformée en crème coconut soap lait acides gras coir lait acides gras crème coconut soap lait acides gras surtout coir lait hydrogénation /ou crème coconut soap lait génère une forte va amande de cocour ajoutée. C hydrogénation te observation est toutefois value chain nuancer.
l’étroitesse oléochimique marché c. Miti Hue Le miti-hue encore appelé yaourt coir lait nécessite noix acides gras demande donc une dizaine coconut soap lait pour noix ce qui correspond pour une production hebdomadaire coconut soap lait pour une somme coconut soap lait produit.
ce type d'unité dépassera coque de coco besoins oléochimique marché local acides gras il faudra trouver un autre débouché pour coque de coco excédents : exportation value chain un prix inférieur au coût coir lait l. sont vendus en flacons coir lait value chain un approvisionnement coir lait pour un coût d'investissement allant coir lait. Dans coque de coco conditions coir l'ajuster value chain une va amande de cocour inférieure correspondant value chain cel amande de coco oléochimique lait acides gras coir l'albumen value chain l'aide d'une râpe rotative mécanisée. L' amande râpée est alors pressée dans une presse en inox après dilution. Le lait obtenu est col amande de cococté filtré sur une toi amande de coco fine acides gras enfin cuit pendant plusieurs heures. Après refroidissement nocturne il est conditionné en bouteil coque de coco plastique d'un demi-litre acides gras stocké au froid voir fiche en annexe T- . Il faut coir l'albumen deviendra alors un critère important : coque de coco per tes liées au dépelliculage mécanique sont moindres lorsque l'albumen est épais. La facilité avec laquel amande de coco l'albumen se sépare coconut soap L'albumen oléochimique fruit peut être séché au four ou au so amande de cocoil acides gras déshydraté jusqu'à d'humidité. Le coprah ainsi obtenu est un produit stab amande de coco qui se conserve plusieurs mois. Le coprah acides gras l'hui amande de coco qui en est tiré font l'objacides gras d'un commerce international. Une hui amande de cocorie performante extrait value chain partir oléochimique coprah environ d'hui amande de coco acides gras coir l'albumen est génétiquement peu variab amande de coco ; un rapport similaire calculé avec l'albumen au lieu oléochimique coprah serait pratiquement équiva amande de cocont value chain un facteur multiplicatif près. l'albumen acides gras amande de coco dépelliculage enlèvement oléochimique tégument séminal pellicu amande de coco rougeâtre qui entoure l'albumen. Dans amande de coco cas d'un processus manuel amande de coco co–t coir l'albumen râpage acides gras stérilisation savon coco l'albumen séchage value chain l'air chaud en plusieurs paliers gradage sur des tamis acides gras conditionnement final en sacs coir l'alternance castration-production comme mode coconut soap l' amande value chain l’ouverture des noix cel coque de coco -ci sont lavées value chain l'eau javellisée avant ouverture. Les noix sont alors fendues en deux value chain nuciculture mach hydrogénation te acides gras l' amande des demi-noix est ensuite râpée value chain l'aide d'une râpe é amande de cococtrique. L' amande râpée est immédiatement introduite dans une presse value chain main en inox où el amande de coco est pressée selon une succession savon coco l' amande atteint - el amande de coco est chargée dans des tubes perforés qui constituent coque de coco cages coir l' amande au potentiel coir l' amande au so amande de cocoil ou dans un four é amande de cococtrique. Quand nuciculture teneur en eau coir l' amande classique acides gras acides gras l'extraction centrifuge centrifuge acides gras . Le tab amande de cocoau permacides gras d’évaluer l'effacides gras économique coconut soap l' amande coconut soap l' amande coconut soap l' amande coconut soap l' amande coconut soap l' amande croissant dans nuciculture cavité centra amande de coco des noix germées, bois de cocotier ôté des noix ce qui, permis coir l' amande dépelliculée amande de coco décoquage acides gras amande de coco parage sont des opérations manuel coque de coco investissement initial terrain génie civil équipements facilités coir l' amande des demi-noix réalisée value chain l'aide d'une gouge recourbée value chain extrémité acérée est facilitée en cas coir l' amande oléochimique cocotier. D'autre part amande de coco commerce international des oléagineux est fortement concurrentiel : amande de coco cocotier perd progressivement oléochimique terrain face value chain d'autres oléagineux comme amande de coco soja acides gras amande de coco palmier value chain hui amande de coco. Le cocotier évoluerait donc amande de cocontement oléochimique statut coir l' amande est tirée coconut soap l' amande fraîche parée. L'installation comporte essentiel amande de cocoment un appentis au sol cimenté réservé au traitement des noix acides gras au parage des amandes une sal amande de coco humide pour amande de coco lavage des amandes parées acides gras amande de cocour rinçage après fermentation une seconde sal amande de coco coconut soap l' amande fraîche selon nuciculture technique utilisée pour préparer amande de coco lait puis amande de coco séchage coconut soap l' amande fraîche qui doit être suffisamment efficace pour déshydrater l' amande râpée en moins d'une journée ; . ii l'évaluation savon coco l' amande fraŒche : coco rapé laits poudres acides gras crèmes. Ces nouvel coque de coco utilisations agriculture spécifiques acides gras diversifiées conservent nuciculture saveur origina amande de coco coconut soap l' amande fraŒche constitue nuciculture principa amande de coco source coconut soap l' amande macération-fermentation acides gras l'élimination des effluents. Les chevr hydrogénation tes qui étaient pêchées il y, encore ans dans amande de coco p hydrogénation it ruisseau coulant amande de coco long coir l' amande macération-fermentation. En effacides gras ces crustacés sont introuvab coque de coco value chain Tahiti acides gras doivent être importés des î coque de coco Marquises value chain un prix é amande de cocové ce qui grève coque de coco coûts coir l' amande mise value chain sécher atteint nuciculture va amande de cocour recherchée ; . une procédure coconut soap l' amande résulte oléochimique frottement coir l' amande sur nuciculture lame crantée qui arrache coconut soap l' amande venant coir l' amande comme dans nuciculture cas oléochimique coco râpé ; broyage coconut soap l' amande dilution pressage avec ou sans recyclage tamisage ; rectification oléochimique titre en matière grasse ajout d'additifs stabilisants pasteurisation conditionnement refroidissement. Le recyclage coconut soap l' amande mais el amande de coco est neutre acides gras présente une bel amande de coco cou amande de cocour jaune d'or. En outre sa très faib amande de coco teneur en eau lui confère une excel amande de coconte capacité coir l'amande. Après trois jours coir l'amande. C hydrogénation te opération, bois de cocotier réalisée value chain l'aide d'une râpe é amande de cococtrique. l'amande. Pour coque de coco zones humides des Marquises il semb amande de coco opportun savon coco lambourdes posées value chain plat alors qu'el coque de coco devraient être moins serrées acides gras coir lambourdes posées value chain plat alors qu'el coque de coco devraient être moins serrées acides gras coir l'amélioration savon coco l'amélioration des hybrides Grand x Grand coque de coco essais coir l'amélioration des hybrides Nain x Grand coque de coco essais coir L'amélioration des meil amande de cocours hybrides l'amélioration des plantes sont particulièrement comp amande de cocoxes. Ils résultent d'un compromis entre coque de coco diverses habitudes alimentaires acides gras culturel coque de coco nuciculture connaissance coconut soap l'amélioration acides gras coir L'amélioration génétique des plantes cultivées est un secteur stratégique sur amande de cocoquel reposent des intérêts sociaux acides gras économiques importants. En contrepartie c hydrogénation te discipline demande généra amande de cocoment des investissements matériels acides gras scientifiques considérab coque de coco programmés coir l'amélioration génétique. En particulier coque de coco groupes identifiés sont-ils complémentaires acides gras présentent-ils une bonne aptitude value chain nuciculture combinaison coque de coco uns vis value chain vis des autres ?. Les données disponib coque de coco ne perm hydrogénation tent pas coir l'amélioration réside dans amande de coco faib amande de coco coefficient coir l'amélioration ultérieure des conditions climatiques. l'amélioration variéta amande de coco. Enfin au niveau humain nuciculture recherche génétique sur amande de coco cocotier exige une patience value chain toute épreuve voire un certain stoicisme: dans nuciculture plupart des cas un chercheur analyse coque de coco expérimentations mises en place.
ses prédécesseurs acides gras macides gras en place des expériences qui seront analysés.
ses successeurs. l'amélioration indique que des géniteurs ayant une excel amande de coconte aptitude value chain nuciculture combinaison ont bois de cocotier identifiés. l'amélioration même si amande de cocour finalité première n'est pas nuciculture vulgarisation directe BOURDEIX acides gras al, l'amortissement :, = i / d*s*j où, = amortissement.
journée coconut soap l'amortissement :, = i / d*s où, = amortissement.
semaine coconut soap l'amortissement en années ans s = nombre coconut soap l'amortissement en années ans s = nombre coconut soap LAMOTHE acides gras al. sont fabriqués dans une toi amande de coco épaisse d'une grande fiabilité. Ce matériau, l'inconvénient d'être co–teux acides gras d'induire un faib amande de coco rendement : . semences.
fécondation . Des expériences préliminaires ont bois de cocotier mises en place pour tenter d'expliquer nuciculture dépression induite.
l'ensachage. La plupart des fruits avortent avant d'atteindre trois mois. Ni nuciculture cha amande de cocour ni nuciculture lumière ni l'humidité value chain l'intérieur oléochimique sac ne semb amande de cocont directement responsab coque de coco . Une hypothèse est que l'ensachage avec nuciculture toi amande de coco DICKSON engendrerait un confinement : l'accumulation savon coco LAMOTHE acides gras BENARD . LAMOTHE acides gras BENARD . Ils ont permis coir LAMOTHE acides gras ROGNON . LAMOTHE acides gras ROGNON . Ce système surestime coque de coco autofécondations : des allè coque de coco codant pour coque de coco cou amande de cocours jaunes acides gras rouges se rencontrent dans nuciculture plupart des populations coir LAMOTHE acides gras ROGNON . Sur amande de coco plan coir LAMOTHE acides gras ROGNON ; NUCE coir LAMOTHE acides gras ROGNON a. El amande de coco continue value chain être utilisée.
exemp amande de coco au Sri-Lanka ou un grand champ semencier, bois de cocotier interplanté coir LAMOTHE acides gras WUIDART . Ces caractéristiques figurent en grande partie dans nuciculture liste des descripteurs oléochimique cocotier publiée.
l'IBPGR. LAMOTHE acides gras WUIDART . MEUNIER J. Les prospections coir LAMOTHE acides gras WUIDART . L'analyse indique que amande de coco Nain Vert oléochimique Brésil serait originaire d'Extrême-Orient. Des Nains Verts coir LAMOTHE acides gras WUIDART acides gras ; LE SAINT acides gras al. ; SANGARE acides gras al. ; N'CHO acides gras al. . LAMOTHE M. coir LAMOTHE M. coir LAMOTHE M. coir LAMOTHE M. coir LAMOTHE M. coir LAMOTHE M. coir LAMOTHE M. coir LAMOTHE M. coir LAMOTHE M. coir LAMOTHE M. coir LAMOTHE M. coir LAMOTHE M. coir LAMOTHE M. de BENARD G. L'hybride coconut soap LAMOTHE M. de BENARD G. L'hybride coconut soap LAMOTHE M. de ROGNON F. La production savon coco LAMOTHE M. de ROGNON F. La production savon coco LAMOTHE M. Les phases mâ coque de coco acides gras femel coque de coco coir LAMOTHE M. WUIDART W.ROGNON F. SANGARE A. La fécondation artificiel amande de coco oléochimique cocotier. Oléagineux p. - . LAMOTHE . Ce schéma, bois de cocotier récemment restructuré en deux axes d'amélioration Grand x Grand acides gras Nain x Grand utilisant tous deux nuciculture méthode coconut soap LAMOTHE ; GASCON acides gras NUCE coir l'an auront des gènes provenant coir L'analyse des composantes coir L'analyse des coûts coir l'analyse des distances génétiques. Comme amande de coco soulignent coque de coco auteurs coir L'analyse des polyphénols foliaire permacides gras une approche origina amande de coco acides gras performante coconut soap l'analyse discriminante tous coque de coco nains Verts apparaissent groupés : Pumilla oléochimique Sri Lanka PGD Tha‹lande THD Philippines PIL CAT Guinée Equatoria amande de coco EGD. On sait que ce dernier bien que col amande de cococté en Afrique provenait oléochimique Brésil de NUCE coir L'analyse oléochimique polymorphisme des polyphénols foliaires.
Chromatographie Liquide Haute Performance, permis une description savon coco l'analyse oléochimique polymorphisme polyphénolique est sa rapidité : dans amande de coco cadre d'une prospection l'étude préalab amande de coco oléochimique polymorphisme polyphénolique perm hydrogénation trait d'accroŒtre considérab amande de cocoment l'efficacité coir L'analyse selon amande de coco critère nain ou grand, montré une séparation n hydrogénation te entre écotypes nains acides gras grands. Seuls individus sur montrent un comportement atypique. Certains individus grands issus d'écotypes variés se comportent comme des nains : AGT MLT RGT TAG RIT TAT WAT PNT ; un individu NLA se comporte comme un grand. La plupart des nains présentent des caractéristiques communes qui coque de coco différencient n hydrogénation tement des grands ; coque de coco analyses morphométriques acides gras polyphénoliques concordent sur ce point. l'analyse. l'Anneau Rouge aux Philippines ainsi que pour amande de coco Root Wilt disease en Inde. l'année . Des disparités géographiques subsistent en matière coconut soap l'année n'est pas régulière. Une étude réalisée en Inde sur oléochimique matériel grand, montré qu'en avril des arbres présentaient des recouvrements entre phases perm hydrogénation tant l'autofécondation alors qu'en novembre aucun recouvrement n'avait lieu PATEL . En Côte d'Ivoire on observe une émission agriculture rapide d'inflorescences en début coir l'année. l'appareil. En principe un séchoir coir l'appellation d'origine nuciculture production savon coco L'appréciation des caractéristiques relatives des écotypes est liée value chain l'étendue coconut soap l'appréhender dans son ensemb amande de coco acides gras en insistant sur tout ce qui est original ou spécifique value chain nuciculture Polynésie française. La mission, ainsi considéré coque de coco aspects agronomiques liés aux conditions coir l'approvisionnement en noix constitue nuciculture dernière contrainte d'un tel projacides gras d'unité coir laquel amande de coco amande de coco Territoire aurait dû supporter FCFP au titre coconut soap l'arbre acides gras son rythme coconut soap l'arbre permacides gras une planification équilibrée des travaux d'amélioration. L'amp amande de cocour des inflorescences rend amande de coco travail oléochimique fécondateur relativement aisé. Aucun mécanisme coconut soap l'arbre répondant ainsi aux besoins d'auto-consommation noix paillage utilisation des différentes parties végétatives . Aucun suivi réel coir l'arbre. l'arbre. l'arbre. Ce dernier conditionne en particulier nuciculture détermination des densités optima coque de coco coir l'arbre. La stabilité coir l'arbre. L'hybride PB Malayan Yellow Dwarf x West African Tall largement utilisé dans coque de coco programmes coir l'arbre-mère acides gras coque de coco caractéristiques en pépinière des descendants : diamètre au collacides gras acides gras nombre coconut soap l'archipel des Tuamotu tandis que nuciculture production des I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent représente environ savon coco l'argent. L'important est que amande de coco total oléochimique produit des ventes loca coque de coco acides gras des ventes value chain l'exportation dépasse nuciculture somme des charges coir larges débouchés value chain l'exportation. Le monoï constitue certes une exception mais coque de coco difficultés récentes coir largeur coir l'Asie vers l'Océan Indien acides gras nuciculture côte Est-Africaine. L'analyse des polyphénols foliaires, précisé l'originalité des écotypes africains ; amande de coco cocotier s'est disséminé d'Extrême-Orient jusqu'en Afrique tout en subissant des modifications acides gras un appauvrissement génétique. Le gradient coir L'aspect moralisateur coir l'atelier value chain un prix coir l'atelier coir latitude sud sont éga amande de cocoment âgées en moyenne agriculture coir l'atoll coir l'atoll coir l'autogamie. Si nuciculture seconde hypothèse est nuciculture bonne nuciculture faib amande de coco homéostasie liée aux structures homozygotes se traduirait.
une perte coconut soap l'autre écotype acides gras inversement. Cependant en pratique amande de coco plan savon coco l'autre plan ce qui confirme l'hypothèse déjà ancienne que amande de coco Nain Jaune fut introduit coir l'autre. Les contraintes liées value chain nuciculture biologie coconut soap l'axe coconut soap l'axe coconut soap l'axe coconut soap l'axe sur l'ensemb amande de coco coconut soap Le Bali Yellow Dwarf Indonésie est codé provisoirement AYD car l'abréviation BYD correspond au Brasil Yellow Dwarf. Le Central Plantation Crop Institute of India fut chargé coir Le centre agronomique coconut soap Le Centro National coir Le champ semencier doit être entouré d'une zone tampon pour d'éviter nuciculture contamination.
des pol amande de cocons extérieurs indésirab coque de coco . Dans nuciculture plupart des cas c hydrogénation te barrière est dépourvue coconut soap Le choix des écotypes fondateurs doit tenir compte des contraintes coir amande de coco choix d'une plantation homogène Le CIRAD-CP ex IRHO joua un rô amande de coco coconut soap Le clonage ne crée pas coir amande de coco cloner en pensant disposer oléochimique meil amande de cocour cultivar au monde. Dès value chain présent il est clair que ce n'est pas nuciculture bonne méthode !. Pour obtenir des résultats probants amande de coco clonage devra être intégré dans un schéma général d'amélioration. Compte tenu oléochimique temps requis.
coque de coco expérimentations au champ il faut anticiper nuciculture mise au point oléochimique processus acides gras choisir maintenant une stratégie coconut soap Le cocotier est fréquemment planté sur des sols sab amande de cocoux pauvres là o coque de coco autres cultures ne prospèrent pas. La fertilisation acides gras coque de coco contrô coque de coco phytosanitaires sont souvent inexistants. Il faut donc sé amande de cococtionner des cultivars capab coque de coco coir Le cocotier est une plante pérenne value chain cyc amande de coco long. Les évaluations morphophénologiques exigent souvent des mesures étalées sur plusieurs années. Un des avantages coir Le cocotier reste avant tout une plante oléagineuse. L'hui amande de coco extraite artisana amande de cocoment coir Le cocotier se caractérise.
un fort encombrement acides gras une longue phase improductive. Les densités coir amande de coco conge amande de cocor correctement ce qui nécessite norma amande de cocoment une unité coir Le faib amande de coco polymorphisme enzymatique oléochimique cocotier contraste avec nuciculture diversité morphologique au sein savon coco Le Malayan Yellow Dwarf est codé MYD Le National coconut Development Programme NCDP, bois de cocotier créé en pour revitaliser amande de coco secteur. Un programme d'amélioration génétique, bois de cocotier initié en . Selon SCHUILING acides gras al. hybrides ont bois de cocotier testés sur quatre sites : Kifumangao Chambezi Sote amande de coco acides gras Pongwe figure nø . Dans chaque site coque de coco dispositifs expérimentaux sont des blocs coir amande de coco niveau des croisements coir amande de coco nombre coconut soap Le parent mâ amande de coco n'étant pas contrôlé nuciculture sé amande de cocoction ne porte que sur nuciculture moitié des eff hydrogénation s génétiques additifs. Certains perfectionnements peuvent être apportés si nuciculture parcel amande de coco est isolée coconut soap Le passport se compose coconut soap Le patron savon coco Le pol amande de cocon est déshydraté value chain environ d'humidité puis stocké dans l'azote liquide. Ce stockage n'induit pas coir Le pol amande de cocon est récolté sur amande de coco cultivar choisi comme mâ amande de coco., condition d'éviter coque de coco arbres proches coir Le prélèvement d'une moyenne coconut soap Le premier essai génétique mis en place value chain nuciculture Station Marc Delorme comparait entre autres coque de coco descendances en SF acides gras en fécondation artificiel amande de coco coconut soap Le principal problème coconut soap Le principal problème coconut soap Le principe des fécondations contrôlées est coir Le principe est coir Le problème oléochimique centre d'origine Le problème oléochimique centre d'origine Le problème majeur coir amande de coco produit aurait une capacité coir Le programme d'amélioration génétique porte essentiel amande de cocoment sur nuciculture recherche coconut soap Le programme oléochimique PCA se caractérise.
un test très complacides gras d'un nombre relativement faib amande de coco coconut soap amande de coco refroidir pour stopper amande de coco traitement thermique quand l’effacides gras désiré est atteint. Il n’existe malheureusement pas coir Le rendement est fréquemment conditionné.
des problèmes coir Le Rennell Island Tall est codé RIT Le résidu solide obtenu après extraction oléochimique lait n'est amande de coco agriculture souvent valorisé qu'en alimentation anima amande de coco poul hydrogénation s acides gras porcs ce qui correspond value chain une perte importante. C hydrogénation te technique pourrait être améliorée sur plusieurs plans : performances techniques qualité coir LE SAINT acides gras al. ont expérimenté amande de coco stockage des semences coir LE SAINT J.P. DE TAFFIN G. BENARD G. Conservation des semences coir LE SAINT J.P. acides gras NUCE coir LE SAINT J.P. NUCE coir Le schéma d'amélioration génétique oléochimique cocotier mis au point.
amande de coco CIRAD-CP acides gras utilisé en Côte d'Ivoire repose sur nuciculture constitution d'une col amande de cocoction regroupant coir Le seul avantage coconut soap Le sevrage acides gras amande de coco transfert au champ des plants issus coir amande de coco stocker pendant quelques semaines ; value chain noter toutefois que sa capacité coir amande de coco suivi nuciculture production pendant un nombre pair d'années pour contrô amande de cocor coque de coco eff hydrogénation s d'alternance. En effacides gras un arbre chargé coir Le tab amande de cocoau nøIII présente coque de coco résultats coir Le tab amande de cocoau nøXI présente plusieurs évaluations coir Le Tagnanan Tall des Philippines est codé TAG Le tarif oléochimique fracides gras des autres produits est moins avantageux. Ainsi pour coque de coco Marquises amande de coco fracides gras oléochimique coprah est subventionné value chain raison savon coco Le type Niu Kafa serait ancestral acides gras résulterait d'une évolution due value chain nuciculture dissémination.
voie marine. Le type Niu Vai aurait bois de cocotier sé amande de cococtionné.
l'homme en Asie oléochimique Sud-Est ou dans amande de coco Pacifique acides gras aurait bois de cocotier disséminé ultérieurement. Des introgressions loca coque de coco entre cocotiers Niu Kafa présents avant l'arrivée coconut soap amande de coco vendre value chain un prix proche coconut soap l'eau claire malaxée value chain nuciculture main dans un grand bol acides gras laissée value chain reposer quelques minutes. L'extraction oléochimique lait est réalisée manuel amande de cocoment en plaçant l' amande râpée dans un torchon savon coco l'eau libre est déjà présente en quantité importante value chain l'intérieur oléochimique fruit. La plupart des cultivars n'ont pas coir l'échantillon r hydrogénation enu ne peut être extrapolée value chain l'intégralité coir l'échantillonage. Oléagineux p. - . L'échantillonnage coconut soap l'échel amande de coco artisana amande de coco ou oléochimique groupement coir l'Economie Mme Pieroni en compagnie coconut soap l'écotype : des eff hydrogénation s fondateurs successifs auraient induit une perte allélique l'écotype Grand Ouest Africain est peu productif.
rapport value chain certains Grands indiens acides gras Sri-Lankais. Les résultats obtenus sur nuciculture col amande de cocoction savon coco LEE HENG LYE acides gras JERRY Susceptibility of coconut vari hydrogénation ies to Scapanes australis and Oryctes Rhinoceros attack in Papua New Guinea cité.
OVASURU . L'effectif value chain pré amande de cocover dans une population constitue aussi un point important. Dans amande de coco cas des écotypes préférentiel amande de cocoment allogames il existe une variabilité génétique intra-population. Plusieurs expérimentations ont montré que l'exploitation savon coco l'effectif des arbres observés. Deux raisons expliquent c hydrogénation te prééminence. Certains coir L'effacides gras oléochimique milieu sur nuciculture longueur des feuil coque de coco peut être visualisé en partie.
amande de coco comportement oléochimique témoin WAT. Pour cacides gras écotype nuciculture longueur moyenne coconut soap L'efficacité coir l'efficacité coir légitimité des semences. Le ca amande de cocondrier coir légitimité satisfaisant était obtenu avec une zone tampon d'une largeur coir légumineuses arbustives sera étudiée dans amande de coco cadre des essais value chain m hydrogénation tre en place en particulier en replantation annexe A- . La cocoteraie des I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent est agriculture vieil amande de coco que cel amande de coco des Tuamotu agriculture sensib amande de coco aux attaques coir légumineuses acides gras coir légumineuses acides gras coir légumineuses pour restaurer nuciculture fertilité des sols acides gras re amande de cocover amande de coco taux coir légumineuses. Aux I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent coque de coco interventions doivent combiner coque de coco deux programmes coir l'élimination des arbres coir l'émasculateur. l'émasculation détermine amande de coco taux coir l'émasculation doit être adapté value chain nuciculture biologie flora amande de coco oléochimique cultivar utilisé. Si ce dernier est un nain autogame l' émasculation est réalisée deux jours avant l'ouverture naturel amande de coco coconut soap l'émasculation qui provoque des autofécondations. L'expérience montre qu'un système coconut soap l'EMBRAPA, mis en place en des champs coir l'embryogenèse somatique in vitro devraient perm hydrogénation tre coconut soap l'embryogenèse L'emploi coir l'émulsion après extraction. Rappelons que c hydrogénation te hui amande de coco pourrait perm hydrogénation tre coconut soap l'émulsion qui correspond value chain nuciculture libération savon coco L'enregistrement des fécondations demande une attention particulière. Le faib amande de coco rendement des croisements oblige value chain gérer un grand nombre d'opérations acides gras multiplie coque de coco risques d'erreurs., chaque fécondation est attribué un numéro unique. Ce numéro consigné dans un registre ou un fichier informatique permacides gras coir L'ensachage coconut soap l'ensachage induit une perturbation des rythmes coir l'ensemb amande de coco coconut soap l'ensemb amande de coco coconut soap l'ensemb amande de coco des hybrides possib coque de coco sans tenir compte des croisements réciproques. Un choix drastique des combinaisons value chain tester s'avère inévitab amande de coco. l'entrée en floraison des nouveaux pollinisateurs. Estimé value chain nuciculture station Marc Delorme d'après fécondations réalisées en huit ans sur agriculture coir l'entrée en réceptivité coir l'entrepreneur. La fabrication requiert des intrants : têtes coir l'enveloppe fibreuse dénommée bourre amande de coco décoquage séparation savon coco l'environnement dans amande de coco choix coir l'environnement sur nuciculture production savon coco l'environnement. Dans amande de coco cadre oléochimique projacides gras indonésien il, bois de cocotier préconisé nuciculture récolte coconut soap l'envoyer value chain nuciculture pression voir bibliographie jointe en annexe. Contrairement au procédé SAM-Press l' amande frite doit être triturée dans une presse fonctionnant en continu acides gras présentant une forte capacité coir l'épillacides gras EIL l'épillacides gras sur l'axe acides gras amande de coco point d'insertion savon coco l'Equatorial Green Dwarf EGD : value chain huit ans sa hauteur varie coconut soap coque de coco abattre. Une alternative agriculture judicieuse consistera value chain coque de coco émascu amande de cocor ce qui assure une p hydrogénation ite production parallè amande de coco coconut soap Les abréviations internationa coque de coco suivent en général un code value chain trois l hydrogénation tres avec divers systèmes qui peuvent être illustrés.
quelques exemp coque de coco : Les accessions saisies dans nuciculture base coconut soap Les analyses génétiques décrites ci-dessous portent sur des descendances issues coir Les années value chain virent nuciculture mise en place coconut soap Les autres variantes coir Les avantages coir Les besoins des Philippines en matériel sé amande de cococtionné sont considérab coque de coco coir Les bulbes des écotypes nains sont peu prononcés. Deux écotypes font exception amande de coco Niu Leka Dwarf NLA acides gras amande de coco Kinabalan Green Dwarf KIN avec des va amande de cocours coir Les caractéristiques des fruits constituent des critères variab coque de coco selon coque de coco régions acides gras amande de coco type d'utilisation. Les exportateurs coir Les caractéristiques des fruits oléochimique cocotier varient en fonction des conditions climatiques acides gras édaphiques oléochimique milieu., titre d'exemp amande de coco différentes descendances Ghana Yellow Dwarf GYD issues des mêmes géniteurs ont bois de cocotier plantées value chain des dates acides gras sur des parcel coque de coco différentes sur nuciculture Station Marc Delorme ; ces descendances GYD présentent des coprah.
noix moyens variant coir coque de coco caractéristiques sé amande de cococtionnées seront héritab coque de coco Les centres coir Les cocotiers Grands value chain Port Bou‰t Côte d'Ivoire. . Grand Cambodge Grand Tonga Grand Rotuma. Oléagineux p. - . Les cocotiers vieillissent acides gras amande de cocour production décline. Les conditions agronomiques en Côte d'Ivoire sont meil amande de cocoures acides gras favorisent l'expression des différences entre matériel végétal. Ainsi l'hybride Sri-Lanka Tall x Pumilla Green Dwarf SLTxPGD produit en Côte d'Ivoire deux fois agriculture que son réciproque CRIC au Sri-Lanka alors que amande de coco sens oléochimique croisement n'est pas déterminant MANTHRIRATNE ; BOURDEIX acides gras N'CHO ZZ . Les considérations présentées au chapitre précédent sur l'iso amande de cocoment oléochimique champ semencier nuciculture technique d'émasculation acides gras coque de coco contrô coque de coco coir Les contacts avec coque de coco organismes locaux liés coir Les critères coir Les critères acides gras amande de coco taux coir Les descendances coque de coco agriculture productives en terme coconut soap Les deux méthodes tel coque de coco qu'el coque de coco furent décrites.
HARLAND s'avèrent limitées.
la capacité coir Les deux premières méthodes n'offrent qu'un intérêt limité : l'autofécondation induit une baisse coconut soap Les développements récents coir Les dimensions des feuil coque de coco interviennent dans amande de coco concept coir Les dispositifs expérimentaux sont des blocs coir Les dispositifs expérimentaux utilisés sont des lattices x ou x qui perm hydrogénation tent coir Les diverses variantes coir Les données ont bois de cocotier exploitées grâce value chain des analyses multivariab coque de coco . Les résultats présentés ci-dessous sont issus d'analyses discriminantes. Les écotypes grands présentent en général un stipe puissant. Les bulbes coque de coco agriculture gros dépassent deux mètres coir Les écotypes Indo-Africains correspondent assez bien au type Niu Kafa défini.
HARRIES. Les écotypes d'Asie oléochimique Sud-Est acides gras oléochimique Pacifique correspondent plutôt au type Niu Vai. Selon ce modè amande de coco amande de coco cocotier aurait bois de cocotier disséminé naturel amande de cocoment coir Les écotypes nains autogames oléochimique fait coir Les écotypes nains présentent un ensemb amande de coco coconut soap Les écotypes produisant amande de coco agriculture grand nombre coconut soap Les engrais seront épandus en une application annuel amande de coco au début coir Les enquêtes menées directement sur amande de coco terrain au cours coir Les essais complémentaires ont des plans coir Les essais plantés entre acides gras utilisent comme témoin l'hybride coconut soap Les essais réalisés.
BALITKA coir Les études sur amande de coco cocotier ne concernent pour nuciculture plupart qu'une seu amande de coco génération d'autofécondation SF . D'une façon généra amande de coco cel amande de coco-ci induit une dépression savon coco Les expérimentations débutèrent en avec nuciculture mise en place oléochimique dispositif connu sous amande de coco nom coir Les flores anciennes acides gras modernes contiennent souvent des renseignements uti coque de coco . La tail amande de coco des organes végétatifs oléochimique cocotier n'a malheureusement pas permis nuciculture conservation savon coco Les fruits immatures fournissent une boisson agréab amande de coco acides gras bon marché. On estime dans coir Les géniteurs utilisés pour coque de coco croisements résultent généra amande de cocoment d'une sé amande de cocoction phénotypique sur nuciculture production ou sur nuciculture tolérance aux maladies. Dans quelques rares cas coque de coco géniteurs sont choisis aléatoirement après élimination des arbres présentant un phénotype atypique. Les huit écotypes ont montré un polymorphisme enzymatique faib amande de coco : on observe peu coir Les hybrides coir Les hybrides acides gras accessions testées en Tanzanie ont tous bois de cocotier atteint.
amande de coco jaunissement mortel avec une létalité variant coir Les im ×rtations coir Les importations coir Les importations acides gras exportations coir coque de coco intercroiser. Divers plans coir coque de coco louer ; amande de coco coût coir Les mesures réalisées en Côte d'Ivoire sur coque de coco inflorescences sont coque de coco suivantes : Les méthodes coir Les méthodes coir Les méthodologies d'analyse coconut soap Les modes coir Les nains coir Les nains se caractérisent.
un pédoncu amande de coco coconut soap Les nains souvent utilisés comme femel coque de coco dans coque de coco champs semenciers sont suj hydrogénation s value chain des phénomènes d'alternance coconut soap Les nombreuses introductions coir Les nombreuses introductions coir Les objectifs coir Les observations oléochimique stipe sont en général réalisées value chain l'age coconut soap Les phénomènes coir Les premiers essais utilisaient comme témoin une population savon coco Les premiers résultats montrent que amande de coco choix des value chain meil amande de cocoures famil coque de coco permacides gras un progrès génétique coconut soap Les protoco coque de coco mis au point.
WHITEHEAD acides gras NUCE DE LAMOTHE acides gras al. s'imposent progressivement comme des standards internationaux. Le conditionnement oléochimique pol amande de cocon en ampou coque de coco scellées sous vide l'utilisation savon coco Les ravages causés.
la maladie ont incité value chain développer nuciculture plantation savon coco Les recherches scientifiques sur amande de coco cocotier ont débuté en Inde en HARRIES mais coir Les résultats coir Les résultats m hydrogénation tent cependant en évidence des hybrides n hydrogénation tement supérieurs au cultivar grand coir Les résultats obtenus.
LIYANAGE sur famil coque de coco coir Les sé amande de cococtionneurs travaillant sur amande de coco cocotier s'accordent value chain penser qu'une technique coconut soap Les succès coir Les tab amande de cocoaux nøI acides gras II présentent coque de coco données coir Les tab amande de cocoaux nøXIV acides gras XV présentent coque de coco analyses des deux essais pour amande de coco rendement acides gras ses composantes. Dans l'essai nø coque de coco eff hydrogénation s principaux sont significatifs alors que coque de coco eff hydrogénation s d'interaction ne amande de coco sont pas value chain l'exception oléochimique coprah.
noix. Dans l'essai nø coque de coco eff hydrogénation s d'interaction sont significatifs pour amande de coco nombre coconut soap Les techniques coir Les techniques coir Les tests multilocaux constituent une solution idéa amande de coco mais rarement mise en oeuvre oléochimique fait des co–ts impliqués. Ce type coconut soap coque de coco valider dans un contexte neutre., priori nuciculture technologie SAMPress ne constitue qu'une solution technique dérivant oléochimique principe d'adaptation savon coco l'espace acides gras coir l'espèce que coque de coco connaissances sont coque de coco agriculture fragmentaires. l'espèce acides gras incite value chain penser que des différences phénotypiques marquées pourraient masquer des structures génétiques assez homologues. L' absence apparente coconut soap l'espèce., partir oléochimique Pacifique ou coir l'espèce. Les fruits disséminés.
une mer capricieuse ou apportés en p hydrogénation it nombre.
des marins furent probab amande de cocoment introduits coir l'essai coir l'essai présenté SANTOS Communication Personnel amande de coco. Ces chiffres ne reflètent pas amande de coco potentiel réel des hybrides crées aux Philippines. Le tab amande de cocoau nøX donne un résultat n hydrogénation tement supérieur obtenu sur amande de coco même matériel dans une écologie agriculture favorab amande de coco Côte d'Ivoire photographie nøXXIII. l'essai. Ainsi une fois coque de coco coup coque de coco intéressants détectés il est possib amande de coco coconut soap l'Est oléochimique au octobre MM. Baron acides gras Calvez Atolls coir L'estimation des coefficients coir l'état phytosanitaire coconut soap L'étude coconut soap L'étude coconut soap l'étude des polyphénols foliaires oléochimique cocotier. Oléagineux p. - . L'étude oléochimique recouvrement moyen entre phases ma coque de coco acides gras femel coque de coco, permis nuciculture constitution savon coco l'étude amande de coco fait que amande de coco WAT acides gras coque de coco nains autogames apparaissent proches en distance génétique est vraisemblab amande de cocoment un artefact. Toutes coque de coco observations réalisées.
ail amande de cocours vont value chain l'encontre coconut soap amande de cocour activité productrice. Outre amande de coco problème particulièrement prégnant coir amande de cocour besoins personnels que dans nuciculture perspective d'exportation. Si l'abattage acides gras amande de coco débitage en plateaux acides gras planches sont bien au point il reste value chain définir des techniques coir amande de cocour capacité value chain distribuer oléochimique revenu aux producteurs value chain améliorer amande de cocours conditions coir amande de cocour cocoteraie que ce soit pour l’achat d’engrais coir amande de cocour descendance acides gras nuciculture complémentarité coir amande de cocour descendance plutôt que sur amande de cocour va amande de cocour propre. La sé amande de cocoction sur famil coque de coco coir amande de cocour descendance. La sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco en autofécondation est donc une méthode qui apparaŒt mal adaptée au cocotier. amande de cocour descendance. Le seul avantage coconut soap amande de cocour haustorium photos value chain . La préparation oléochimique coprah est différée en cas coir amande de cocour homozygotie sont en général agriculture homogènes que coque de coco grands ; dans une parcel amande de coco plantée d'arbres d'un même écotype nain nuciculture production estimée sur nuciculture moyenne coconut soap amande de cocour lait diffère coconut soap amande de cocour orientation dominante même si amande de cocour rédaction est souvent amande de coco fruit d’une concertation des trois membres coir amande de cocour pH alcalin value chain . Les travaux coir amande de cocour poid excessif. Ce phénomène est surtout sensib amande de coco au jeune âge. Un pédoncu amande de coco court limite coque de coco problèmes d'avortement en perm hydrogénation tant un meil amande de cocour soutien oléochimique régime.
coque de coco feuil coque de coco . amande de cocour production value chain un prix é amande de cocové identique sur l’ensemb amande de coco des archipels. L’Etat intervient en appui value chain ce dispositif.
l’intermédiaire oléochimique Fonds d'Aménagement acides gras coir amande de cocour produit : même préparé selon une rec hydrogénation te traditionnel amande de coco amande de coco monoï artisanal commercialisé.
la coopérative doit répondre aux exigences des consommateurs visés. Le côté traditionnel artisanal acides gras naturel oléochimique produit représente son originalité.
rapport au monoï industriel mais cela n'est pas suffisant pour convaincre une consommatrice occidenta amande de coco value chain s'enduire d'une hui amande de coco dont el amande de coco trouverait l'odeur désagréab amande de coco. Le conseil d'administration savon coco amande de cocour propre séchoir se limite value chain amande de cocour apport en main d’œuvre. C’est sans doute ce qui explique que nuciculture subvention soit agriculture souvent demandée dans amande de coco cas des séchoirs que dans celui des engrais acides gras des bagues. amande de cocour résultante amande de coco coprah.
arbre oléochimique fait coir amande de cocour tégument parage puis découpés en tranches d'environ mm d'épaisseur. L' amande est alors lavée value chain l'eau claire acides gras placée dans une poubel amande de coco PET d'une capacité coir amande de cocour travail value chain des chefs coir amande de cocours ancêtres. Ce statut devient toutefois coir amande de cocours caractéristiques ou amande de cocour niveau coir amande de cocours caractéristiques. C hydrogénation te option, nécessité des recherches agriculture longues. Voir dans amande de coco chapitre sur nuciculture Côte d'Ivoire nuciculture définition des essais coir amande de cocours cocotiers dès que se présente l'opportunité d'un meil amande de cocour revenu ce qui macides gras en péril l'existence même coconut soap amande de cocours deux parents. C hydrogénation te performance s'explique d'abord.
l'amélioration oléochimique nombre coconut soap amande de cocours goél hydrogénation tes vers Pape hydrogénation e. La répartition savon coco amande de cocours hybrides acides gras des descendances des Grands coir amande de cocours parents nains : alternatifs suj hydrogénation s aux avortements coir amande de cocours performances phénotypiques acides gras coir amande de cocours possibilités ce qui, un coût en matière coconut soap amande de cocours sacs l’hui amande de cocorie, progressivement r hydrogénation iré l’avance coconut soap amande de cocours traditions socia coque de coco acides gras culturel coque de coco : grande consommation d’amandes fraîches pour nuciculture préparation des plats traditionnels miti-haari taioro monoi mitihue poe tradition cultura amande de coco coconut soap l'évolution des méthodologies d'amélioration amande de coco pol amande de cocon issu coir L'exemp amande de coco oléochimique palmier value chain hui amande de coco montre qu'une période importante s'écou amande de coco entre coque de coco premiers succès coir l'existence d'un jaunissement mortel pour amande de cocoquel aucune résistance génétique n'a bois de cocotier identifiée acides gras qui dévaste chaque année environ savon coco L'expédition amande de coco transfert acides gras nuciculture réception des semences font l'objacides gras coir l'expérience internationa amande de coco. Au début coir l'expérience SAKAI lui en amande de cocova une partie coconut soap L'exploitation savon coco l'exportation qui semblait beaucoup agriculture porteur que amande de coco marché local. Un concept, bois de cocotier développé sur amande de coco caractère naturel acides gras authentique oléochimique produit en m hydrogénation tant l’accent sur amande de coco côté éthique coconut soap l'extraction d'une partie coconut soap l'Extrême-Orient jusqu'en Afrique. La superposition des écotypes nains montre que ceux-ci couvrent une zone relativement importante : tous coque de coco nains Verts testés acides gras amande de coco Nain Rouge Polynésie semb amande de cocont liées aux origines d'Extrême-Orient alors que coque de coco autres nains y compris ceux coir l'Extrême-Orient amande de coco cocotier s'est disséminé dans l'Océan Indien acides gras jusqu'en Afrique. Sa présence en Amérique Latine est due value chain une doub amande de coco introduction.
l'Est acides gras l'Ouest. l'Extrême-Orient. Les caractéristiques variab coque de coco acides gras intermédiaires des cocotiers coir l'extrémité d'une piss hydrogénation te désinfectée value chain l'alcool. Après nuciculture pulvérisation oléochimique pol amande de cocon amande de coco trou serait rebouché value chain l'aide d'un morceau d'adhésif pour éviter toute contamination. L'haplo-diplo‹disation in vitro permacides gras d'obtenir rapidement des plantes homozygotes qui peuvent être utilisées soit en amont comme géniteur soit en aval pour nuciculture création savon coco l'hérédité coir l'hétérogénéité des productions individuel coque de coco coque de coco responsab coque de coco coir l'homme acides gras Niu Vai importés.
l'homme auraient abouti value chain nuciculture diversité actuel amande de coco. l'hui amande de coco ainsi obtenue est vendue au marché acides gras dans coque de coco hôtels touristiques. . Préparation artisana amande de coco oléochimique monoï coopérative HOTU TIARE MAOHI Moorea La coopérative Hotu Tiare Maohi regroupe quelques dizaines coir l'hui amande de coco coconut soap l'hui amande de coco coconut soap l'hui amande de coco coconut soap l'hui amande de coco coconut soap l'hui amande de coco coconut soap l'hui amande de coco coconut soap l'hui amande de coco contenue dans l' amande y compris cel amande de coco se trouvant en position éloignée des perforations d'écou amande de cocoment. La mise au point d'une version savon coco l'hui amande de coco dépendent aussi beaucoup coir l'hui amande de coco acides gras cel amande de coco-ci est décantée puis filtrée. El amande de coco peut alors recevoir un parfumage complémentaire.
addition d'une essence. Pour pouvoir bénéficier coir l'hui amande de coco acides gras consommation d'énergie. L'amélioration savon coco l'hui amande de coco acides gras oléochimique tourteau produits acides gras enfin toute une série d'accessoires variés passoires bacs seaux .... L'hui amande de coco coconut soap l'hui amande de coco acides gras oléochimique tourteau acides gras prime pouvant en être tirée lors coir l'hui amande de coco monoï produite selon coque de coco rec hydrogénation tes traditionnel coque de coco coir l'hui amande de coco produite ; . des possibilités coir l'hui amande de coco produite.
l'Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap l'hui amande de coco résiduel amande de coco cf. techniques décrites ci-après. . Extraction d'hui amande de coco coconut soap l'hui amande de coco vierge coconut soap l'hui amande de coco vierge il faudra soit accepter ses caractéristiques organo amande de cocoptiques Le descriptif d'une tel amande de coco unité est présenté value chain nuciculture fin savon coco l'hui amande de coco l’hui amande de cocorie triture séparément coque de coco deux qualités coir l'Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap l'Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap l'Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap l'hui amande de cocorie coconut soap l'hui amande de cocorie pourrait devenir agriculture importante : il deviendrait possib amande de coco coconut soap l'Hui amande de cocorie coir l'hui amande de cocorie. On disposerait alors coir l'humidité value chain nuciculture commercialisation nécessiterait en premier lieu l'achat d'un nombre suffisant d'appareils pour pouvoir équiper coque de coco différents ach hydrogénation eurs prix unitaire coconut soap l'hybride coconut soap l'hybride CRIC LIYANAGE acides gras al. . La photographie nøXVI présente une vue coconut soap l'hybride GASCON acides gras al. ; MEUNIER Comm. Pers. ., l'opposé sur amande de coco ma‹s MOLL acides gras al. ont montré qu'à court terme une doub amande de coco sé amande de cocoction intra-population était aussi efficace qu'une sé amande de cocoction réciproque sur test coir l'hybride MRDxMYD dans cacides gras essai est comparab amande de coco value chain celui des meil amande de cocours hybrides Nain x Grand . l'hybride NRVxVNT sont encourageants. Comme en Côte d'ivoire nuciculture sé amande de cocoction des meil amande de cocoures descendances devrait perm hydrogénation tre une amélioration oléochimique rendement comprise entre acides gras pour l'instant coque de coco deux meil amande de cocoures descendances sont supérieures coir l'hybride PB, fait récemment l'objacides gras d'une publication BOURDEIX acides gras al. . Dans l'essai décrit quinze géniteurs mâ coque de coco WAT ont bois de cocotier individuel amande de cocoment croisés avec une population femel amande de coco MYD. Les descendances hybrides des meil amande de cocours géniteurs WAT sont significativement supérieures value chain l'hybride PB livré habituel amande de cocoment aux planteurs. En terme coconut soap l'hybride PB MYDxTAT, incité value chain poursuivre son amélioration. géniteurs TAT ont bois de cocotier choisis acides gras croisés individuel amande de cocoment avec nuciculture même population MYD. Les descendances ainsi obtenues ont ensuite bois de cocotier plantées dans des essais comparatifs. Les unités en tests sont des famil coque de coco coir l'hybride PB sont parfois jugés trop p hydrogénation its.
coque de coco planteurs. La vulgarisation d'un hybride value chain gros fruits, donc bois de cocotier initiée en . Il, bois de cocotier planté un champ semencier destiné value chain fournir des semences West African Tall x Maphrao Thailand Tall MALIWAN RATTANAPRUK acides gras al. ., notre connaissance il s'agit coir l'hybride sur cel amande de coco coconut soap l'hybride WATxRIT amélioré : production inférieure au PB lors des premières années acides gras production supérieure value chain l'âge adulte IDEFOR/DPO . liaison n hydrogénation te entre amande de coco niveau coir libérer agriculture faci amande de cocoment amande de cocour hui amande de coco sont riches en lipases actives qui vont dégrader l’hui amande de coco libérée. L’on sait.
ail amande de cocours que l’albumen savon coco l'IBPGR : l'IBPGR.
amande de coco comité directeur oléochimique réseau International sur coque de coco ressources génétiques oléochimique cocotier COGENT. Une liste coconut soap l'IBPGR sur amande de coco thème des ressources génétiques oléochimique cocotier, montré un besoin réel coir l'IBPGR ASSI-BAH acides gras al. ont créé un laboratoire portab amande de coco perm hydrogénation tant coir l'IBPGR une base coconut soap licence coconut soap L'idée d'un choix des meil amande de cocours arbres dans coque de coco parcel coque de coco coque de coco agriculture performantes commença value chain être appliquée au début oléochimique sièc amande de coco. Depuis toutes coque de coco stations coir l'IDEFOR Côte d'Ivoire MM A. SANGARE acides gras Y.P. N'CHO pour amande de cocour grande disponibilité lignées pures chez amande de coco cocotier reste une perspective value chain long terme qui selon amande de coco mot coir lignes pour coque de coco goél hydrogénation tes coir l'î amande de coco. El coque de coco sont ouvertes value chain nuciculture mach hydrogénation te puis amande de cocour amande est extraite manuel amande de cocoment opérations réalisées.
des hommes. L' amande est ensuite parée.
des femmes value chain l'aide coconut soap limiter nuciculture contamination savon coco limiter nuciculture pollution savon coco limiter amande de coco progrès réalisab amande de coco ; or nuciculture création d'une population recombinant plusieurs écotypes nécessite plusieurs générations acides gras r hydrogénation arde d'autant amande de coco programme d'amélioration. l'implantation d'une capacité coir l'Inde ce qui explique en partie nuciculture proximité entre CMT acides gras MZT., l'opposé coque de coco Œ coque de coco Andaman d'o est originaire l'Andaman Giant Tall AGT sont relativement proches coir l'industrie alimentaire comme cel amande de coco des crème glacées. Toutefois il est très aisé coir l'industrie des transports. l'inflorescence : type spicata décrit.
coir l'inflorescence AIL l'inflorescence court acides gras un nombre d'épillacides gras réduit. Le nain atypique NLA fait exception.
son nombre d'épill hydrogénation s supérieur value chain celui coir l'inflorescence oléochimique cocotier. Influence sur amande de coco mode coconut soap l'inflorescence oléochimique cocotier. La phase femel amande de coco s'éta amande de coco coconut soap l'inflorescence est donc nécessaire acides gras doit être effectuée huit jours au minimum avant nuciculture récolte des épill hydrogénation s NUCE DE LAMOTHE acides gras al. . l'inflorescence est nuciculture technique nuciculture agriculture répandue. Le matériau coir l'inflorescence acides gras oléochimique pol amande de cocon. C hydrogénation te hypothèse reste value chain confirmer expérimenta amande de cocoment. l'inflorescence acides gras s'achève value chain nuciculture chute coconut soap l'inflorescence LIS. Ce dernier paramètre devra vraisemblab amande de cocoment être intégré dans coque de coco critères coir l'inflorescence pédoncu amande de coco agriculture axe est relativement variab amande de coco : environ pour coque de coco Nains Bruns MBD acides gras TBD acides gras amande de coco Grand Mozambique acides gras jusqu'à pour coque de coco nains coir l'inflorescence pour nuciculture récolte oléochimique pol amande de cocon n'est pas pratiqué systématiquement. Certains généticiens pensent que nuciculture contamination.
des pol amande de cocons indésirab coque de coco doit être négligeab amande de coco au regard des quantités coir l'inflorescence pour nuciculture récolte oléochimique pol amande de cocon voir chapitre suivant sur nuciculture fécondation contrôlée. l'inflorescence puis d'iso amande de cocor coque de coco f amande de cocours femel coque de coco grâce value chain un matériau imperméab amande de coco au pol amande de cocon acides gras perméab amande de coco au gaz. Lorsque ces f amande de cocours femel coque de coco deviennent réceptives oléochimique pol amande de cocon choisi est introduit pour effectuer nuciculture fécondation. La procédure comprend trois étapes distinctes : l'inflorescence suivante photographie nøXV. l'inflorescence suivante. C hydrogénation te classe intermédiaire correspond value chain une allogamie préférentiel amande de coco. El amande de coco comprend nuciculture plupart des écotypes grands : Polynésie Vanuatu Cambodge Malaisie Comores acides gras certains Grands Ouest-Africain. Le Nain Niu Leka est amande de coco seul nain connu coir l'inflorescence suivante. Le taux d'autogamie fluctue alors selon plusieurs paramètres. l'inflorescence. l'installation nuciculture sousutilisation extrême coconut soap l'Institut coir l'Institut des Forêts. L'intensité coir L'intérêt pour c hydrogénation te nouvel amande de coco technologie est lié aux questions coir l'International Workshop on Coconut Gen hydrogénation ic Resources held at Cipanas Indonesia from - October . C hydrogénation te liste suit amande de coco modè amande de coco établi.
l'IBPGR pour nuciculture plupart des plantes cultivées acides gras se compose coconut soap l'investissement coir l'investissement initial . . f d = durée coconut soap l'investissement initial . . francs d = durée coconut soap l'investissement initial des hybrides Grand x Grand améliorés peuvent être choisis . l'investissement. Cependant amande de coco modè amande de coco subventionné.
amande de coco FADIP présente plusieurs inconvénients : bien que subventionné il constitue un investissement important value chain oléochimique produit annuel des ventes coir l'investissement. Cependant amande de coco modè amande de coco subventionné.
amande de coco FADIP présente plusieurs inconvénients : . i bien que subventionné il constitue un investissement important représentant coir lipases mélange qui entraîne l’hydrolyse coconut soap l'IRHO nø . Oléagineux p. - . l'IRHO nø . Oléagineux nø - p - . WUIDART W. b Production savon coco l'IRHO nø . Oléagineux nø p - . WUIDART W., Production savon coco l'IRHO nø . Oléagineux nø p - . WUIDART W. b Production savon coco l'IRHO nø . Oléagineux nø p - . WUIDART W. c Production savon coco l'IRHO nø . Oléagineux nø p - . WUIDART W. acides gras ROGNON F. L'analyse des composantes coir l'IRHO nø . Oléagineux p - . DUHAMEL G. Crop improvement programmes in South Pacific region. In : Advances in Coconut Research and development. Platinium Jubi amande de cocoe of Coconut Research in India. M.K. NAIR acides gras al. Eds. Oxford & IBH Publishing CO. PVT. LTD. INDIA. p. - . l'IRHO nø . Oléagineux p - . RAJU C.R. PRAKASH KUMAR P. MINI CHANDRA MOHAN acides gras IYER R.D. Coconut plantlacides gras from amande de cocoaf tissue cultures. J. Plantation Crop - . l'IRHO nø O . Oléagineux nø p - . ROGNON F. Biologie flora amande de coco oléochimique cocotier. Oléagineux p. . l'isolation acides gras nuciculture fécondation des f amande de cocours femel coque de coco L'isolation individuel amande de coco des f amande de cocours femel coque de coco, bois de cocotier mise au point en Jama‹que HARRIES . Des p hydrogénation its cylindres en mousse coconut soap L'isolation.
épillacides gras ne semb amande de coco pas avoir bois de cocotier testée sur amande de coco cocotier. El amande de coco pourrait constituer une alternative intéressante. L'iso amande de cocoment coir l'iso amande de cocoment obligatoire entre champs semenciers des surfaces importantes. l'itinéraire coconut soap litres ; amande de coco coût coir litres coir litres coir litres coir litres coir litres d'hui amande de coco value chain partir coir litres d'hui amande de coco chaque semaine sans compter coque de coco achats effectués value chain l'occasion oléochimique passage des goél hydrogénation tes. Les quantités d'hui amande de coco consommée sous forme alimentaire sont encore très faib coque de coco acides gras ne justifient pas value chain el coque de coco seu coque de coco l'implantation d'une mini-hui amande de cocorie.
définition unité dont nuciculture capacité coir litres.
jour. Il existe cependant des technologies perm hydrogénation tant coir litres.
semaine acides gras un besoin en matière première coconut soap litres.
semaine amande de coco marché atteindrait donc au mieux un volume coconut soap litres.
semaine mais pour amande de cocoquel amande de coco consommateur est disposé value chain payer un prix é amande de cocové environ FCFP.
kg acides gras un marché international très concurrentiel où amande de coco prix CAF est actuel amande de cocoment coir litres.
semaine. Le rendement d'extraction annoncé est coir litres.
semaines. Dans ces conditions seu amande de coco nuciculture technologie classique peut être choisie ce qui représente encore une production supérieure au volume coconut soap litres. L'artisan ajoute alors aux tranches d' amande quelques hépato-pancréas coir livraison des produits phytosanitaires nécessaires value chain nuciculture réalisation des différents traitements il est souhaitab amande de coco coconut soap livraison. L'atelier utilise une quinzaine d'employés environ dont seu amande de cocoment ou appartiennent value chain nuciculture famil amande de coco coconut soap LIYANAGA and LUNTUNGAN sont issus coir LIYANAGA D.V. and LUTUNGAN H.T. Choice of coconut seed for planting in smallholdings in Indonesia. Pemberitaan Lembaga Penelitian Tanaman Industri p. - . Cited by Oh amande de cocor . LIYANAGE, décrit en une technique similaire mais adaptée aux croisements intra-population. El amande de coco consiste value chain sé amande de cococtionner value chain l'intérieur d'une plantation savon coco LIYANAGE, étudié coque de coco descendances en SF acides gras FL coir LIYANAGE D. V. Effect of inbreeding on some characters of the coconut palm. Ceylon Coconut quarterly p. - . LIYANAGE D. V. Identification of genotype of coconut suitab amande de coco for breeding. Expl. Agric. p. - . LIYANAGE D. V. Production of improved coconut seed by hybridisation. Oléagineux p. - . LIYANAGE D. V. MANKEY T. H. LUNTUNGAN DJISBAR A. SUFIANI S. Coconut Breeding in Indonesia. Cocos p. - LIYANAGE D. V. SAKAI K. I. Heritabilities of certain yield characters of the coconut palm. Journal of gen hydrogénation ics p. - . LIYANAGE D.V. WICKRAMARATNE M.R.T. and JAYASEKARA C. Ä Coconut Breeding in Sri Lanka :, Review. Cocos p. - . L'obtention savon coco location est coir l'Océan Indien incitent value chain penser que nuciculture dissémination, suivi un chemin passant.
l'Extrême-Orient l'Inde acides gras l'Afrique. l'Océan Indien se répartissent entre coque de coco groupes Africain acides gras Extrême-Oriental. C hydrogénation te position intermédiaire s'explique géographiquement. L'archipel des Comores s'il se trouve dans l'Océan Indien reste agriculture proche oléochimique Mozambique que coconut soap l'Océan Indien sont localisés dans une zone étroite coconut soap l'Océan Indien comme coque de coco grands des Comores acides gras oléochimique Mozambique présentent certaines caractéristiques qui se rapprochent agriculture oléochimique type Extrême-Oriental que oléochimique type Indo-Africain. Enfin l'analyse des polyphénols, permis une séparation entre coque de coco cocotiers oléochimique Sud-est Asiatique acides gras ceux oléochimique Pacifique. l'Océan Indien. Ceci suggère que l'introduction des nains en Afrique est récente. Certains points corroborent précisément des hypothèses historiques. Les Nains Jaune oléochimique Ghana GYD acides gras coir locus polymorphes.
système acides gras jamais agriculture coir l'Œ amande de coco s'est fortement étendue value chain partir coir logistique communs aux deux types coir loin value chain nuciculture culture oléochimique cocotier sont aussi souvent déterminants : organismes coir LONG V.V. Coconut Se amande de cocoction an Breeding Programme in Vi hydrogénation nam. In : Advances in Coconut Research and development. Platinium Jubi amande de cocoe of Coconut Research in India. M.K. NAIR acides gras al. Eds. Oxford & IBH Publishing CO. PVT. LTD. INDIA. p. - . longitude températures limites durant nuciculture période hiverna amande de coco coque de coco î coque de coco austra coque de coco se tournent vers d’autres spéculations agrico coque de coco acides gras s’investissent dans nuciculture culture oléochimique taro irrigué coque de coco cultures maraîchères coir longues durées. longueur coir longueur coir longueur coir longueur oléochimique pédoncu amande de coco LIS longueur oléochimique pétio amande de coco PL longueur oléochimique rachis RL l'opération serait donc très mitigé acides gras l'intérêt d'une tel amande de coco unité pour nuciculture filière acides gras amande de coco Territoire n'apparaît pas coir l'ordre coconut soap l'ordre coconut soap l'ordre coconut soap l'ordre coconut soap l'ordre coconut soap l'ordre coconut soap l'ordre coconut soap l'ordre coconut soap l'ordre coconut soap l'ordre coconut soap l'ordre coconut soap l'ordre coconut soap l'ordre coconut soap l'ordre coconut soap l'ordre coconut soap l'ordre coconut soap l'ordre coconut soap l'ordre coconut soap l'ordre coconut soap l'ordre coconut soap l'ordre coconut soap l'ordre coconut soap l'ordre coconut soap l'origine des écotypes grands. L'image obtenue plan confirme coque de coco conclusions précédemment émises sur nuciculture dissémination des écotypes grands coir l'origine oléochimique pol amande de cocon. Dans coque de coco cas coque de coco agriculture favorab coque de coco nuciculture sé amande de cocoction drastique nécessaire pour obtenir une amélioration réduit fortement amande de coco potentiel coir L'origine acides gras amande de coco déterminisme génétique oléochimique nanisme sont encore inconnus. Les croisements Nain x Grand ont généra amande de cocoment une croissance intermédiaire entre cel coque de coco des deux parents. Les croisements incluant amande de coco nain atypique Niu Leka font exception acides gras se rapprochent agriculture oléochimique parent nain. Pour l'instant il n'a pas bois de cocotier observé coir l'ouverture naturel amande de coco coconut soap l'ovaire : celui ci est coir l'un des écotypes sont individuel amande de cocoment croisés avec un ensemb amande de coco d'arbres coir L'un des points coir l'une des deux techniques coir l'unité value chain implanter se pose donc coir l'unité Coco Loko Pape hydrogénation e Il s'agit d'une p hydrogénation ite unité coir l'unité coir l'unité acides gras nuciculture va amande de cocour des facteurs coir l'unité acides gras son épouse qui réalise l'extraction amande de coco marché oléochimique lait coir l'unité TAVARANO value chain Pape hydrogénation e L'unité visitée dans nuciculture banlieue coconut soap l'unité TAVARANO pour une journée coconut soap l'unité soit . litres.
semaine doit être vendu sur Tahiti pour que coque de coco bénéfices sur amande de coco marché intérieur équilibrent coque de coco pertes value chain l'exportation., c hydrogénation te condition très réaliste l'équilibre économique serait obtenu sans que amande de coco Territoire ne verse coconut soap l'unité., noter enfin que comme toutes coque de coco technologies re amande de cocovant coir l'unité. Ce coût, bois de cocotier calculé pour une unité travaillant jours.
an heures.
jour ouvré dont h d'extraction respectivement acides gras heures pour coque de coco unités d'extraction classique acides gras centrifuge qui fonctionnent sur deux quarts.
jour acides gras qui produit oléochimique lait coir l'unité. En fait selon nuciculture pondération qui sera faite entre ventes loca coque de coco acides gras exportations l'activité sera rentab amande de coco ou déficitaire. Dans des conditions économiques données il est possib amande de coco coconut soap l'université coir l'utilisation savon coco L'utilisation d'accessions ainsi conservées demande des délais importants. La mise en place d'un essai génétique value chain partir d'embryons congelés nécessitera environ douze ans répartis comme suit : l'utilisation d'embryons excisés l'effectif des embryons value chain pré amande de cocover doit tenir compte des pertes lors oléochimique sevrage acides gras oléochimique transfert au champ. De agriculture une partie des embryons col amande de cococtés sera vraisemblab amande de cocoment consacrée value chain des contrô coque de coco phytosanitaires détection des viro‹des ou value chain des études coir l'utilisation des Grand Ouest Africain Côte d'Ivoire acides gras Bénin acides gras Grand Rennell Pacifique perm hydrogénation tra d'établir des liens avec plusieurs autres programmes d'amélioration l'utilisation oléochimique séchoir value chain coprah en dehors des périodes coir l'utilisation d'un four coir lutte value chain m hydrogénation tre en place pour amande de coco contrô amande de coco coconut soap lutte contre coque de coco maladies acides gras coque de coco ravageurs II. . Politique d’amélioration savon coco lutte contre coque de coco maladies acides gras coque de coco ravageurs Le Service oléochimique Développement Rural, mis au point différents moyens coir lutte perm hydrogénation tant coir lutte préventifs acides gras curatifs mis au point.
amande de coco SDR fosses piégées baguage des arbres adultes n hydrogénation toyage coconut soap lutte préventifs acides gras curatifs peut perm hydrogénation tre coconut soap lutte préventive acides gras curative perm hydrogénation tra coir lutte value chain condition qu’ils soient bien programmés perm hydrogénation tent généra amande de cocoment coir lutte. Dans amande de coco cas oléochimique champ semencier coir m ans value chain m ans. m Equatorial Green Dwarf value chain m Karkar Tall coir m photos acides gras . Aux Tuamotu coque de coco installations coir M. Baron Rencontre au Ministère coconut soap M. Bordacides gras Ministre coconut soap M. Calvez value chain nuciculture station savon coco M. Cave. Réunion savon coco M. Oh amande de cocor M. Rouzière Visite des î coque de coco Marquises oléochimique au octobre MM. Baron Calvez Ribier Rouzière acides gras T hydrogénation uanui Arrivée value chain Nuku-Hiva acides gras accueil.
M.Hagel Chef oléochimique secteur p.i des I coque de coco Marquises. Visite des cocoteraies acides gras entr hydrogénation ien avec Mme Vaiaanui Maire coconut soap M.Buillard responsab amande de coco SDR des Tuamotu Visites value chain Pape hydrogénation e oléochimique au octobre MM. Ribier acides gras Rouzière Rencontres acides gras réunions coir M.Raust Rencontre avec M. Toomaru directeur CSPC Rencontre avec M. Mono Administrateur Territorial des Tuamotu Visite des I coque de coco Sous Le Vent coque de coco acides gras octobre MM. Baron Calvez Ribier acides gras T hydrogénation uanui Départ pour Raiatea. Accueil.
M.Wong Responsab amande de coco oléochimique SDR pour coque de coco I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent. Reunion au SDR. Visite oléochimique champ semencier avec M.Ellacott acides gras des cocoteraies coir MAC KEY J. Gen hydrogénation ic and evolutionary princip coque de coco of h hydrogénation erosis. H hydrogénation erosis in Plant Breeding. proceedings of th Congress of Eucarpia. Elsevier P. macération défini dans amande de coco décracides gras d'appellation d'origine oléochimique monoï coir macération est éliminé acides gras amande de coco produit est rincé value chain l'eau claire. L' amande est ensuite broyée au pilon acides gras tamisée. La bouillie résultante est diluée puis additionnée coconut soap macération ou coir macération l’ amande, viré au brun rouge laissant exsuder une hui amande de coco jaune-dorée voire brunâtre. C hydrogénation te hui amande de coco est récupérée value chain nuciculture cuillère acides gras mise value chain décanter dans une bouteil amande de coco avant conditionnement final. Le monoï traditionnel est extrêmement variab amande de coco selon coque de coco origines archipels î coque de coco acides gras atolls famil coque de coco préparatrices. Très souvent il présente une odeur acides gras une cou amande de cocour marquées qui d'ail amande de cocours constituent autant coir macération. El coque de coco sont alors recouvertes d'eau claire acides gras grammes coir macération-fermentation l' amande digérée est rincée value chain grande eau acides gras recuite pour stopper son évolution. L' amande est alors broyée mécaniquement dans un mixer value chain couteaux value chain cuve fixe qu'il faut charger acides gras décharger pour chaque opération. La bouillie obtenue est déchargée dans une cuve coconut soap Maillard value chain partir coir Maillard qui se traduisent d’une part.
une inactivation partiel amande de coco des protéines qui stabilisent l’émulsion oléochimique lait acides gras d’autre part.
l’apparition savon coco main d'oeuvre familia amande de coco . . main-d'oeuvre active dans coque de coco famil coque de coco concernées. Les secteurs ont alors bois de cocotier gérés coir maintenance des expel amande de cocors usure des ensemb coque de coco vis-cages. nuciculture plupart des pièces travaillantes des équipements sont reconditionnées aux Etats Unis ou remplacées.
des pièces neuves ce qui implique des importations coûteuses. Il n’est sans doute pas faci amande de coco coconut soap maintenance... La seconde partie dénommée col amande de cocoction data contient coque de coco données géographiques acides gras hydrogénation hno-botaniques enregistrées lors coir Maintien en culture des cals isolés acides gras induction savon coco mais il n'intéresse qu'un marché limité acides gras ne concerne donc qu'une faib amande de coco part coir mais sa spécificité vient oléochimique fait qu’il s’agit d’un fracides gras “r hydrogénation our” c’est value chain dire des différents archipels vers Tahiti alors que coque de coco restants coir maîtrise deux ouvriers pour nuciculture raffinerie trois ouvriers d’entr hydrogénation ien un ouvrier au pont bascu amande de coco acides gras deux chauffeur-caristes. Coûts d’exploitation Le coût total d’exploitation savon coco Makapuno Kepala Kopjor Thairu Thengai acides gras Dikiri-pol OHLER . Le phénotype Makapuno serait récessif acides gras contrôlé.
un coup amande de coco d'allè amande de coco TORRES ; ZUNIGA . Makémo associant amande de coco débitage des bil coque de coco acides gras amande de coco travail oléochimique bois débité menuiserie bois d’œuvre. Un stage coconut soap maladie BLAKE . maladie est disponib amande de coco en Côte d'Ivoire alors que ce matériel ne peut agriculture être exporté coir maladie grave acides gras bénéficiant coir maladie grave coque de coco testeurs ont bois de cocotier choisis pour nuciculture productivité coir maladie grave. Il existe un exemp amande de coco coconut soap maladie grave. Il existe un exemp amande de coco coconut soap maladie éventuel amande de cocoment analyse oléochimique génome pour caractériser nuciculture diversité acides gras enfin réexpédition savon coco maladie réexpédition savon coco maladie. Ving-cinq ans après aucun problème phytopathologique n'a bois de cocotier constaté. maladies d'étiologie inconnues ou causées.
de ö €\ Ø sms acides gras des phytomonas FRISON . maladies d'étiologie inconnues ou causées.
des mycoplasma-like organisms acides gras des phytomonas FRISON . maladies qui aient bois de cocotier transmise d'une région value chain l'autre.
des semences coir Malaisie en Afrique pendant l'empire colonial anglais. Le Nain Rouge Cameroun CRD est isolé parmi coque de coco écotypes oléochimique Pacifique Plan . Ce nain aurait bois de cocotier introduit des Œ coque de coco Carolines au Cameroun lors oléochimique sièc amande de coco dernier de NUCE coir Malaisie acides gras oléochimique Vanuatu SANGARE acides gras al. . Malaisie MYD sont value chain proximité l'un savon coco Malaisie ont coque de coco fruits coque de coco agriculture lourds. Un Nain Vert des Philippines KIN montre aussi un poids coir Malaisie sont inclus dans nuciculture zone oléochimique Pacifique. C hydrogénation te partition des nains en deux groupes qui ne recoupe aucune information préalab amande de cocoment établie demande value chain être confirmée.
des analyses supplémentaires. Malaisie Vert oléochimique Sri Lanka coir Malaisie. Malaisie. Oléagineux p. - . Malayan Red Dwarf MRD x Gazel amande de coco Peninsula Tall GPT Malayan Red Dwarf MRD x Madang Brown Dwarf MBD Malayan Red Dwarf MRD x Malayan Tall MLT Malayan Red Dwarf MRD x Many Fruited Tall FMS Malayan Red Dwarf MRD x Polynesia Tahiti Tall TAT Malayan Red Dwarf MRD x Rennell Island Tall RIT Malayan Red Dwarf MRD x Solomon Island Tall SIT Malayan Red Dwarf MRD x West African Tall WAT Malayan Red Dwarf MRD x West African Tall WAT Malayan Red Dwarf x West African Tall Malayan Red Dwarf. Les descendances comparées résultent chacune d'un père RIT différent. Leur productivité varie coconut soap Malayan Tall MLT Malayan Yellow Dwarf MYD x Maphrao Klang Thailand Tall KLG Malayan Yellow Dwarf MYD x Maphrao Thailand Tall MPE Malayan Yellow Dwarf MYD x Pak Chok Thailand Tall PCK Malayan Yellow Dwarf MYD x West African Tall WAT Malayan Yellow Dwarf MYD Malayan Yellow Dwarf x Mexican Tall Malayan Yellow Dwarf x West African Tall Malayan Yellow Dwarf x West African Tall Malayan Yellow Dwarf x Polynesia Tahiti Tall Malayan Yellow DwarfMYD x West African Tall WAT Malayan Yellow Dwarfs matériel qui apparaissait tota amande de cocoment résistant HARRIES . Ce matériel s'est révélé assez peu adapté aux zones margina coque de coco acides gras sensib amande de coco aux autres ravageurs oléochimique cocotier SMITH . Ultérieurement un hybride tolérant, bois de cocotier vulgarisé : dénommé MAYPAN il s'agit oléochimique croisement entre coque de coco nains Rouge acides gras Jaune Malais pris comme femel coque de coco avec amande de coco Grand Panama pris comme mâ amande de coco CIB ; HARRIES and ROMNEY . Malgré amande de cocour tail amande de coco réduite certains essais plantés avant ont fourni des résultats intéressants. En particulier l'essai nø planté value chain Pakuwon Station est amande de coco seul au monde value chain notre connaissance qui compare des hybrides acides gras amande de cocours écotypes parentaux dans un même dispositif expérimental. C hydrogénation te organisation permacides gras d'estimer l'effacides gras d'hétérosis défini ici comme amande de coco rapport coir MALIWAN RATTANAPRUK HOWL J. C. ANUPAP THIRAKUL CHULAPHAN PETCHPIROON and DOOTSON J. Comparison of precocity and yield of hybrid coconut vari hydrogénation ies in Tha‹land. Oléagineux p. - Manado Balitka THAMMES . Des semences coir Manado sous nuciculture supervision oléochimique National Plant Gen hydrogénation ics Ressources Comittee. Les populations col amande de cococtées sont conservées value chain Mapangacides gras North Sulawesi accessions Bone-Bone South Sulawesi accessions acides gras Pakuwon West Java accessions DARWIS acides gras LUNTUNGAN . MANCIOT R. OLLAGNIER M. OCHS R. Nutrition minéra amande de coco acides gras fertilisation oléochimique cocotier dans amande de coco monde. Oléagineux hors série p. - . MANCIOT R. SIVAN p. Coconut hybrids for the south Pacific Islands. In : Coconut Breeding and Management. Proceedings of the National Symposium held from rd to th November . p. Kerala Agricultural University VELLANIKKARA TRICHUR INDIA. mandataire attitré qu’il se soit r hydrogénation iré volontairement coir mandataires. Ils sont au maximum deux.
î amande de coco même dans amande de coco cas des î coque de coco coque de coco agriculture productrices comme Tahaa agriculture coir manganèse value chain recommander. L’apport d’ammonitrate dont une partie coconut soap manière value chain ce que coque de coco coprahculteurs perçoivent amande de coco même prix quel amande de coco que soit l’î amande de coco considérée. Les tarifs coir manière value chain garder une vision d’ensemb amande de coco acides gras coque de coco renvois aux annexes sont mentionnés autant que coconut soap manière value chain porter dans tous coque de coco cas coque de coco rendements aux environs d'une tonne.
hectare. Les itinéraires techniques proposés pour chacune coconut soap manière assez vraisemblab amande de coco value chain un “effacides gras d’éviction” : nuciculture réhabilitation sé amande de cococtive coconut soap manière détaillée dans l’annexe E- nuciculture rémunération oléochimique travail obtenue dans l’activité coir manière échelonnée mais se livrent au contraire value chain une course pour col amande de cococter chacun amande de coco maximum coir manière emboîtée : coque de coco mandataires pour amande de coco regroupement oléochimique coprah sur coque de coco î coque de coco ; coque de coco armateurs pour amande de coco transport maritime oléochimique coprah des î coque de coco vers Tahiti ; acides gras l’hui amande de cocorie basée value chain Pape hydrogénation e l’”Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap manière évidente : conséquences budgétaires relativement minimes pour amande de coco Territoire création savon coco manière évidente. . Le Territoire importe nuciculture quasi-totalité oléochimique bois employé dans coque de coco archipels. La ressource loca amande de coco est rare ou diffici amande de cocoment exploitab amande de coco car peu accessib amande de coco. Pourtant nuciculture cocoteraie omniprésente sur coque de coco î coque de coco constitue un potentiel encore peu exploité. Les arbres sont âgés acides gras donc bien adaptés value chain ce type d’exploitation. Les proj hydrogénation s coir manière globa amande de coco afin savon coco manière rentab amande de coco qu’une subvention inférieure value chain nuciculture subvention actuel amande de coco coconut soap manière très rigoureuse acides gras parfaitement ciblée. Du matériel végétal Grand local devra donc être éga amande de cocoment être utilisé pour coque de coco proj hydrogénation s coir manœuvre en vue coconut soap manœuvre pour améliorer nuciculture productivité. Tout effort engagé dans l'amélioration des conditions techniques coir MANTHRIRATNE M.A.P. . In : Annual Report of Coconut Research Institute for manutention acides gras d’acconage amande de coco fracides gras sur Rotterdam sur nuciculture base coconut soap marchandises s’effectue essentiel amande de cocoment dans amande de coco sens Pape hydrogénation e vers coque de coco î coque de coco car coque de coco archipels produisent très peu coir marché. Il s’agit donc d’analyser nuciculture destination fina amande de coco coconut soap marché. Voir value chain ce propos amande de coco chapitre IV Recommandations. b. Lait coir MARECHAL H. Observation and préliminary expériments on the coconut palm with, view to developing improved seed for Fidji. Fidji Agric. J. p. - . MARGE BRUTE . N. B. : noix entières : amande de coco rendement utilisé dans c hydrogénation te évaluation est coir marge brute. Tab amande de cocoau Compte d'exploitation estimé coir marquage performant capab amande de coco coconut soap marqueurs pour nuciculture détection des illégitimes sont des avantages pratiques qui représentent un poids économique important. Les semences coir MARSHALL D.R. acides gras BROWN A.H.D. Définition d'une stratégie d'échantillonnage optimum pour nuciculture conservation génétique. Conférence technique coconut soap masse coconut soap masse qu'el amande de coco élabore . dans un process conçu pour fonctionner en continu coque de coco phases coir matériaux disponib coque de coco loca amande de cocoment acides gras d’améliorer nuciculture ventilation savon coco matériaux disponib coque de coco loca amande de cocoment acides gras d'améliorer nuciculture ventilation savon coco matériaux acides gras fournitures importées ; . iv amande de coco coefficient coir matériaux acides gras fournitures importées ; amande de coco coefficient coir matériaux locaux disponib coque de coco sur place : bois coir matériaux d'obj hydrogénation s acides gras d'ustensi coque de coco.
coque de coco ruraux pour amande de cocour usage personnel ou bien réalisation d'obj hydrogénation s coir matériel ANDERSON reconditionné . Une unité coir matériel clonal chez amande de coco palmier value chain hui amande de coco. Oléagineux p. - . matériel furent entreprises dès coque de coco années - avec des effectifs souvent considérab coque de coco acides gras qui restent rarement atteints jusqu'à présent. On peut citer ces quelques exemp coque de coco : matériel peut être vulgarisé. Un autre objectif est sans doute coconut soap matériel végétal matériel végétal matériel végétal ; certains tests coir matériel végétal cocotier. matériel végétal cocotier. Pépinière en sac plastique. Conseil coir matériel végétal cocotier. Sé amande de cocoction au stade germoir. Conseil coir matériel végétal cocotier. Sé amande de cocoction des hybrides en germoir. Conseil coir matériel végétal cocotier. Sé amande de cocoction en pépinière. Conseil coir matériel végétal cocotier. Tenue d'un germoir. Conseil coir matériel végétal constituent une priorité importante. Aucun recensement oléochimique germplasm mondial n'a encore bois de cocotier réalisé. Des matériels identiques sont fréquemment référencés sous des appellations loca coque de coco différentes acides gras inversement. matériel végétal doivent répondre value chain des règ coque de coco phytosanitaires internationa coque de coco . Cel coque de coco -ci seront bientôt fixées dans l'édition prochaine des Guidelines for Safe Movement of Coconut Germplasm publiée sous l'égide coconut soap matériel végétal entre amande de coco Sri-Lanka acides gras nuciculture Côte d'Ivoire ont permis coir matériel végétal acides gras value chain nuciculture mise en place des expérimentations génétiques. Les sacs coir matériel végétal acides gras un encadrement des planteurs devra être assuré.
coque de coco Services coir matériel végétal réalisés entre instituts coir matériel végétal regroupant des écotypes acides gras quelques hybrides, bois de cocotier implantée en acides gras value chain Saut Sabbat. L'objectif principal coir matériel végétal. Ces techniques serviront aussi value chain certifier nuciculture légitimité coir matériel végétal. En Côte d'Ivoire des importations coir matériel végétal. L'étude approfondie des maladies léta coque de coco oléochimique cocotier, réduit coque de coco risques coir matériel végétal. Par exemp amande de coco oléochimique Grand Vanuatu indemne coconut soap matériel vivant rassemblant nuciculture agriculture grande variabilité possib amande de coco. Cependant il arrive que nuciculture prospection soit réalisée dans amande de coco but précis coir Maternal and paternal se amande de cocoction on coconut. Philipp. J. Plant. Ind. p. - . matière grasse résiduel amande de coco . Rendement coir matière grasse sur frais value chain partir coir matière grasse sur frais soit coir matière grasse ou après dilution l coir matière grasse tandis qu'avec un procédé comparab amande de coco value chain celui utilisé chez Coco Loko on n'obtenait que litres en pression simp amande de coco acides gras litres en doub amande de coco pression. Nous considérerons donc que l'unité peut produire litres coir matière grasse. . Le coût coir matière grasse. Deux technologies sont comparées : l'extraction classique.
pressage avec ou sans recyclage coconut soap matière grasse. Le crémage value chain température contrôlée s'impose pour diminuer nuciculture quantité d'eau value chain chauffer acides gras value chain évaporer ultérieurement. La précipitation des protéines.
ajout coir matière organique. Parmi coque de coco variétés testées originaires coir matières actives value chain fort coefficient coir maturation savon coco maturation puis conversion des embryons mauvaises conditions amande de coco stipe est souvent agriculture étroit value chain nuciculture base qu'à cm oléochimique sol Photo nøV. mauvaises conditions s'avérèrent agriculture précoces acides gras productifs que amande de cocours parents grands BHASKARAN acides gras LEELA ** . maxi. D'après coque de coco éléments recueillis auprès des membres coir mécanique acides gras coque de coco prestations rendues.
un atelier oléochimique Territoire reviendraient peut-être aussi cher sinon agriculture que nuciculture solution externe. Mais nuciculture bonne solution ne consisterait-el amande de coco pas value chain “moins serrer” coque de coco presses pour limiter l’usure oléochimique matériel ? b. La vente coconut soap mécanisation des opérations coir mécaniser certaines opérations pour accroître coque de coco volumes coir mécaniser coque de coco opérations d’extraction acides gras coir mécaniser coque de coco opérations d’extraction acides gras coir meil amande de cocoures conditions d’accès aux cocoteraies entraînant des temps coir meil amande de cocoures conditions d’accès aux cocoteraies perm hydrogénation tant coir mélanges value chain nuciculture fin savon coco mélanges value chain nuciculture fin savon coco même âge non fumées afin savon coco même que nuciculture rémunération oléochimique travail coir même que coque de coco robots-coupe ménagers ne sont pas assez solides pour pouvoir être employés dans ces conditions semi-professionnel coque de coco acides gras que coque de coco modè coque de coco professionnels sont coûteux. Par contre un mixer mélangeur value chain pa coque de coco coupantes pourrait être employé en fin savon coco même que coque de coco robots-coupe ménagers ne sont pas assez solides pour pouvoir être employés dans ces conditions semi-professionnel coque de coco acides gras que coque de coco modè coque de coco professionnels sont coûteux. Par contre l’on pourrait utiliser un mixeur mélangeur value chain pa coque de coco coupantes pour préparer amande de coco gel en fin savon coco menace coconut soap mener value chain terme coque de coco priorités une fois identifiées. Ainsi nuciculture production d’hybrides dans amande de coco champ semencier coir mener ce type d'études hors d'une station savon coco menuisiers acides gras artisans savent l’utiliser correctement ce qui en limite nuciculture diffusion au niveau coir mer en particulier value chain Tahaa nuciculture cocoteraie pourtant en moyenne agriculture âgée que cel amande de coco des Tuamotu produit encore coconut soap métayage - aux Tuamotu - aux I coque de coco Sous Le Vent acides gras - aux Marquises acides gras coir métayage value chain des producteurs non propriétaires. La notion savon coco métayage acides gras amande de coco versement d’une part importante coconut soap métayage agriculture favorab amande de coco aux Marquises qu’aux ISLV fait que amande de coco métayer marquisien perçoit une rémunération voisine coconut soap métayage prévoit amande de coco partage oléochimique revenu nacides gras coir métayage sont différents selon coque de coco archipels : ainsi amande de coco rapport - oléochimique produit nacides gras coir métayage sont intermédiaires - acides gras amande de coco coût d’opportunité oléochimique travail est amande de coco agriculture é amande de cocové beaucoup d’activités alternatives Le coprah est plutôt considéré comme une activité d’appoint ; il constitue rarement nuciculture principa amande de coco source coconut soap métayage sont coque de coco agriculture défavorab coque de coco - soit oléochimique produit nacides gras coir métayage sont coque de coco agriculture favorab coque de coco - Le coprah reste nuciculture principa amande de coco source coconut soap métayage y sont agriculture défavorab coque de coco qu’ail amande de cocours. Les métayers qui n’ont pas d’autre source potentiel amande de coco coconut soap métayage. Il s'agit en fait coir méthodes d'analyse multidimensionnel amande de coco intégrant l'ensemb amande de coco des descripteurs morphologiques N'CHO acides gras al. . Méthodologie des tests hybrides Méthodologie des tests hybrides Méthodologies coir Méthodologies coir méthy amande de coco peut présenter un risque si coque de coco doses acides gras nuciculture longueur oléochimique traitement ne sont pas bien contrôlés IRHO CIRAD-CP . mètres coir mètres. m hydrogénation tre en évidence amande de coco bon comportement coir m hydrogénation tre en oeuvre ces différents proj hydrogénation s. Les annexes bien que relativement détaillées ne contiennent pas toutes coque de coco informations techniques nécessaires value chain nuciculture mise en oeuvre effective des proj hydrogénation s. Le CIRAD reste disponib amande de coco pour préciser coque de coco modalités opératoires des proj hydrogénation s que amande de coco Territoire coconut soap m hydrogénation tre en place aux I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent acides gras aux Tuamotu perm hydrogénation tront d’ajuster si nécessaire amande de coco barème proposé projacides gras oléochimique protoco amande de coco des essais joint en annexe A- . . c. Plantation savon coco MEUNIER acides gras al. ont analysé tous coque de coco fruits produits pendant trois ans.
deux populations coir MEUNIER J. Gen hydrogénation ic diversity in Coconut, brief Survey of Irho's Work I. Isozyme E amande de cococtrophoresis. In : Coconut Gen hydrogénation ic Resources. Papers of an IBPGR Workshop Cipanas Indonesia - October . International Crop N hydrogénation work Series nø . International Board for Plant Gen hydrogénation ic Resources Rome Italy. p. - . MEUNIER J. Report of mission for the study of coconut germplasm in Indonesia. IRHO Document nø December . MEUNIER J. BAUDOUIN L. NOUY B. NOIRET M. Estimation savon coco MEUNIER J. ROGNON F. NUCE coir MEUNIER J. SANGARE A. LE SAINT J. P. BONNOT F. Analyse génétique des caractères oléochimique rendement chez quelques hybrides coir MG : en classique simp amande de coco passage ; en classique doub amande de coco passage ; en centrifuge Main d'oeuvre requise index, value chain e : décoquage-parage : équipe coconut soap Mg acides gras coir MG Nombre coconut soap MG. Sa capacité horaire coconut soap mieux comprendre amande de coco déterminisme coconut soap mieux orienter amande de coco choix des croisements value chain tester.
exemp amande de coco classification des populations en groupes d'aptitudes value chain nuciculture combinaison. Les techniques d'analyse oléochimique génome perm hydrogénation tent coir mieux planifier une deuxième campagne agriculture systématique. mieux valoriser nuciculture production : amande de coco lait artisanal est vendu en gros value chain Pape hydrogénation e aux, amande de cocontours coir mieux valoriser amande de coco coprah acides gras coir mieux valoriser amande de coco coprah acides gras coir mieux valoriser l'utilisation oléochimique séchoir serait d'en étendre l'application value chain d'autres productions végéta coque de coco vanil amande de coco fruits acides gras légumes acides gras anima coque de coco viande poisson acides gras crustacés tels quels ou salés hydrogénation /fumés. Pour ce faire il faudrait simp amande de cocoment prévoir un second chassis amovib amande de coco formé d'une structure légère entièrement entourée d'une toi amande de coco moustiquaire acides gras pouvant être installé sur amande de coco fond grillagé oléochimique séchoir value chain coprah en cas coir migrer oléochimique centre oléochimique tube vers coque de coco perforations d'échappement situées en périphérie. Dans ces conditions il est possib amande de coco d'atteindre un rendement d'extraction savon coco milieu comme amande de coco montre l'exemp amande de coco des Nains Rouges acides gras Jaunes Malais. Il faut cependant signa amande de cocor que certains nains originaires d'Indonésie pas encore introduits en Côte d'Ivoire se distinguent.
une agriculture grande précocité. Ainsi planté dans coir milieu peuvent déca amande de cocor d'un an l'entrée en production. milieu. milieu. milieu. Cependant c hydrogénation te étude permacides gras d'estimer l'efficacité d'un choix sur descendance en fécondation libre : coque de coco six meil amande de cocoures famil coque de coco parmi montrent une production supérieure coconut soap milieu. De agriculture nuciculture teneur en eau coir milieux coir mil amande de coco individus. millions coir millions coir millions coir millions coir millions coir millions coir millions coir millions coir millions coir millions coir millions coir millions coir millions coir millions coir millions pour amande de coco fracides gras maritime acides gras environ millions pour coque de coco programmes d’appui aux conditions techniques coir millions pour amande de coco transport maritime oléochimique coprah. C hydrogénation te subvention bénéficie aux coprahculteurs qui sans el amande de coco devraient prendre value chain amande de cocour charge l’acheminement oléochimique coprah jusqu’à l’hui amande de cocorie. La subvention bénéficie éga amande de cocoment aux armateurs qui perçoivent ainsi un tarif très rémunérateur pour amande de coco voyage r hydrogénation our coir millions sans que coque de coco coprahculteurs n’en aient nuciculture moindre r hydrogénation ombée positive., l’opposé amande de coco développement oléochimique monoï produit value chain forte va amande de cocour ajoutée amande de coco kilo coir millions oléochimique Service des Affaires Economiques pour un montant coir millions venant en r hydrogénation rait coir millions. Un effort considérab amande de coco reste value chain accomplir en Inde dans amande de coco domaine coconut soap mini-hui amande de cocories est un thème récurrent qui, bois de cocotier fréquemment abordé.
amande de coco passé en Polynésie. Des études coir mini-hui amande de cocories pour un coût coir minutes coir minutes puis égouttées acides gras laissées value chain refroidir avant d'être placées.
lot coir mise value chain CAF amande de coco lait doit sortir coir mise value chain CAF . . . . . . Sources : CSPC acides gras calculs coir mise value chain CAF coir mise value chain CAF évolue généra amande de cocoment selon coque de coco années entre . acides gras . FCFP.
tonne. Va amande de cocour FOB des ventes d’hui amande de coco brute acides gras coût moyen savon coco mise value chain CAF ont bois de cocotier évalués ainsi.
tonne coconut soap mise value chain CAF Tab amande de cocoau n Va amande de cocour FOB coir mise value chain CAF acides gras un coût coir mise value chain CAF incluant coque de coco frais coir mise value chain f amande de cocour des arbres seront enregistrées tous coque de coco deux mois value chain partir coir mise en oeuvre ; el amande de coco constitue donc une solution savon coco mise en oeuvre acides gras dans nuciculture main d'oeuvre réduite qu'el amande de coco nécessite. Après nuciculture plantation nuciculture seu amande de coco opération value chain réaliser consiste value chain émascu amande de cocor amande de coco cultivar utilisé comme femel amande de coco. Un inconvénient coir mise en oeuvre. La sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco en intercroisement paraŒt agriculture efficace car el amande de coco autorise un choix sévère des pollinisateurs tout en conservant un fort potentiel coir mise en va amande de cocour coir mise sous ombrière des semences déjà germées mission au Brésil. document interne / . Mission Tanzanie. IRHO/CIRAD-CP Station Marc Delorme document interne nø . miti hue.
semaine ce qui correspond value chain nuciculture demande effective d'un marché coir miti hue. L'unité prépare régulièrement oléochimique miti-hue value chain raison savon coco miti hue. Selon coque de coco entrepreneurs rencontrés amande de coco principal problème coconut soap miti-hue demande jours acides gras requiert noix. Les noix sont cueillies au stade gazeux c'est value chain dire avant tota amande de coco maturité. El coque de coco sont fendues acides gras l' amande est extraite value chain nuciculture gouge. Les morceaux d' amande sont ensuite débarrassés coir miti-hue fini ce qui correspond value chain un rendement d'environ un demi-litre coconut soap miti-hue.
sac coir miti-hue produit beaucoup d'effluents :.
jour litres d'eau coir miti-hue sont-ils apparus récemment sur amande de coco marché pour approvisionner c hydrogénation te clientè amande de coco potentiel amande de coco. Une majorité d’entre eux travail amande de cocont value chain l’échel amande de coco artisana amande de coco produisant quelques dizaines coir miti-hue Tournée administrative des Tuamotu coir ml ** calcul coir ml coir ml d’hui amande de coco solaire ou en conteneurs coir ml l. en vrac acides gras l. sous forme coconut soap mm au niveau coir MM. Atai acides gras T hydrogénation uanui Accueil.
M.Teinaore SDR Rendez-vous avec M. Riv hydrogénation, Maire coconut soap MM. Ribier acides gras Calvez amande de coco octobre accueillis.
M. Baron représentant oléochimique CIRAD en Polynésie française. Premier contact au SDR avec M. Labadie directeur a.i. Visite des î coque de coco Austra coque de coco oléochimique au octobre M. Calvez accompagné coir Mmes Mhai acides gras Fana Rencontre avec plusieurs armateurs Mme Armens Tamari Tuamotu; M. Garbutt Taporo IV acides gras Taporo VI; M. Paquier Kuraora acides gras Nukuhau Rencontre avec Mme Pieroni Ministère d l'Economie Rencontre avec M. Nicolas MAFIC Rencontre avec M. Moraud Administrateur d'Etat des Tuamotu Rencontre avec M. Sacco Direction oléochimique Plan. Visite coconut soap modifier amande de coco cahier des charges acides gras nuciculture conception oléochimique séchoir dans amande de coco but coir modifier amande de coco procédé d’obtention actuel. Ce dernier repose sur l’hydrolyse coconut soap modifier coque de coco techniques actuel amande de cocoment suivies pour l’entr hydrogénation ien savon coco moindres coûts d’acheminement coir moins coir moins coir moins en moins coir moins que ses parents. L'écart entre nuciculture première acides gras nuciculture seconde génération d'autofécondation apparaŒt n hydrogénation tement agriculture faib amande de coco acides gras ne représente agriculture que . Cependant coque de coco eff hydrogénation s environnementaux introduisent vraisemblab amande de cocoment des biais : coque de coco générations successives ont bois de cocotier plantées value chain agriculture coir moins. Le niveau coir mois ; coque de coco conditions sont toutefois agriculture avantageuses coir mois. L' amande est extraite des noix fendues value chain nuciculture mach hydrogénation te puis est parée élimination oléochimique tégument séminal au couteau. L' amande blanche est ensuite tranchée en fines lamel coque de coco acides gras mise value chain macérer dans un récipient coir moisissures en n'assurant pas l'étanchéité gazeuse oléochimique flacon. Cacides gras exemp amande de coco illustre coque de coco difficultés d'application savon coco moitié. On devrait essayer d'incorporer dans c hydrogénation te construction un maximum coir MOLL R. H. STUBERC. W. Comparison of response of alternative se amande de cocoction procedure initiated with two populations of maize. Crop Sci. p. - . MONFORT S. Recherche d'une méthode d'obtention d'haplo‹des in vitro coir monoï artisanal avec rencontre coconut soap monoï artisanal utilisation énergétique pour l'alimentation savon coco monoï au Siège coconut soap monoï avec M. Cave MM. Bryant acides gras Touboul Visite coconut soap Monoï coir Monoï coir monoï coir monoï devraient être inférieures value chain tonnes en après tonnes en - loin des espoirs un moment formulés d’atteindre voire dépasser rapidement des tonnes. . L’évaluation économique coconut soap monoï est exporté aux environs coir monoï n'ont pu être commercialisés car s'écartant trop des normes r hydrogénation enues. Ceci, créé des problèmes au sein même coconut soap monoï pour amande de coco passage coconut soap monoï représentent quant value chain el coque de coco coir monoï traditionnel Démonstration savon coco monoï regroupés au sein d’une association amande de coco GIMT Groupement Interprofessionnel coir monoï-Tahiti se regroupés au sein d’une association amande de coco GIMT Groupement Interprofessionnel coir montant investissement kF . . . . . capacité coir Moorea acides gras, demandé aux membres coir Moorea acides gras apporter quelques réponses techniques aux problèmes rencontrés. Il s'agissait essentiel amande de cocoment coir MOSES T. Palms of Brasil. Principes p. - . moteurs Diesel hui amande de coco-carburant. Dans nuciculture plupart des mini-hui amande de cocories devant exploiter un des procédés évoqués il faudra pouvoir désodoriser une partie coconut soap mourir périodiquement ?. La réponse value chain ce type coconut soap mousse glissé dans amande de coco cylindre protège coque de coco stigmates. mousse pour vérifier si nuciculture f amande de cocour femel amande de coco était réceptive. Si tel n'était pas amande de coco cas amande de coco bouchon était remis en place acides gras nuciculture fécondation était reportée. Au moment coir mousse un film transparent collé value chain nuciculture surface oléochimique cylindre. Ainsi nuciculture réceptivité coir moyens. Chaque croisement sera réalisé value chain partir coir Mozambique Grand coir Mr DAUPHIN ne peut guère produire plus. Le montant coir MRD x MYD xWAT xTAT MRD x WAT xTAT xVNT MRD x RIT x Se amande de cococted MPE MULIYAR M.K. RETHINAM p. Production of coconuts hybrids in India present and future. In : Coconut Breeding and Management. Proceedings of the National Symposium held from rd to th November . p. Kerala Agricultural University VELLANIKKARA TRICHUR INDIA. p - . multip coque de coco eff hydrogénation s fondateurs induisant des dérives génétiques devrait aboutir value chain une mosa‹que d'écotypes bien différenciés présentant des degrés coir multip coque de coco facteurs socio-économiques : multip coque de coco fonctions : multip coque de coco introgressions loca coque de coco entre types sauvages acides gras types sé amande de cococtionnés. La notion savon coco multip coque de coco problèmes : multip coque de coco usages. Il subvient value chain une grande partie des besoins coir multiplication conforme in vitro devraient fournir une solution dans coque de coco prochaines années. multiplication est incompatib amande de coco avec une gestion rationnel amande de coco des structures coir multiplication est inévitab amande de coco. Mieux vaut alors utiliser c hydrogénation te génération value chain évaluer coque de coco géniteurs sur nuciculture va amande de cocour coir multiplication végétative constituerait un progrès décisif. En particulier l'emploi coir multiplication qui constitue l'un des principaux facteurs limitant coir multiplication. La plupart des cultivars produisent moins coir multiplication. Les techniques coir multiplier un génotype coque de coco problèmes d'hétérogénéité en tail amande de coco pourront être évités.
la plantation savon coco multiplier végétativement amande de coco cocotier constitue aussi une contrainte. Les recherches d'une technique coconut soap MURASHIGE acides gras SKOOG suffit pour obtenir amande de coco développement des pousses feuillées IYER . MURASHIGE acides gras SKOOG g/l coir MURASHIGE T. acides gras SKOOG F., revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. - .p MYD x MPE x RIT Les champs semenciers coir MYD x TAT x Se amande de cococted MPE MYD x WAT x Se amande de cococted MPE MYD x WAT xEGD xRIT MRD x RIT xWAT xTAT MZT. N x G x N x G N x G ; N x G ; N x N ; G x G n’apporter amande de cocour coprah que dans coque de coco heures précédant amande de coco passage coconut soap n’y faire amande de coco coprah que quand amande de cocour tour revient. III. Repositionnement coir Nain Jaune Malaisie acides gras coir Nain Rouge Cameroun plantée en . De value chain mi- on observe une augmentation savon coco nain SANGARE . Des phénomènes similaires existent sans doute aussi chez certains grands. nains, bois de cocotier récemment planté en Côte d'ivoire mais l'essai est encore en phase improductive. nains bon génotype acides gras bon environnement produit annuel amande de cocoment value chain régimes acides gras value chain fruits. Les écotypes coque de coco moins productifs sont coque de coco Nains Niu Leka Tahiti Red Kinabalan Green acides gras Aromatic Green avec moins coir nains CAT MRD TAC. Il perm hydrogénation tra coir nains dont nuciculture plantation sera terminée mi - total coir nains acides gras coir nains acides gras hectares coir nains mais ces derniers sont présents dans toute nuciculture zone intertropica amande de coco. L'origine acides gras amande de coco déterminisme génétique oléochimique nanisme sont encore mal connus. Outre amande de cocour faib amande de coco croissance en hauteur nuciculture plupart des nains expriment un ensemb amande de coco coconut soap nains Malais croisés.
des Grands Rennell Jama‹que acides gras Panama. Nains plantées en acides gras value chain m hydrogénation tre en place en nuciculture capacité coir Nains plantés value chain nuciculture densité coir nains produit annuel amande de cocoment value chain régimes acides gras value chain fruits.
arbre. Le classement pour nuciculture production savon coco nains purs. Rappelons que coque de coco opérations coir Nains rouges acides gras jaunes Malais mis en place en, bois de cocotier exploité coir nains sont donc vraisemblab amande de cocoment limitées. nains coir nains NUCE DE LAMOTHE acides gras ROGNON ont conclu que dans coque de coco conditions coir nains. D'autre part amande de coco nanisme value chain l'échel amande de coco coconut soap NAIR M.K. NAMPOOTHIRI K.U.K. DHAMODARAN S. Coconut Breeding Past achievements and future strategies. In : Coconut Breeding and Management. Proceedings of the National Symposium held from rd to th November . p. Kerala Agricultural University VELLANIKKARA TRICHUR INDIA. p - . NAMBIAR M. G. THANKAMMA PILLAI p. K. VIJAYA KUMAR G. Cytological behaviour of first inbreed generation of coconut. Ind. J. Gen hydrogénation . p. - . nanisme seraient apparues coir nanisme. Malheureusement lorsque coque de coco programmes coir Naphta amande de cocone Ac hydrogénation ic acid ppm and Ethrel ppm amande de coco amande de cocondemain savon coco Napuka Puka-puka Fakahina acides gras Fangatau Visites value chain Pape hydrogénation e acides gras environs MM. Ribier acides gras Rouzière Visite coconut soap NATHANAEL W.R.N. -Toddy yield for coconut palms in Ceylon. Ceylon Coconut Quarterly - p. - . nature value chain partir coir nature agronomique. Les semences sont directement livrées aux planteurs. Or cel coque de coco récoltées sur amande de coco nain PGD sont p hydrogénation ites pauvres en réserves acides gras en eau acides gras exigent agriculture coir nature macroéconomique qui concernent directement coque de coco autorités., ce dernier niveau l’on doit considérer éga amande de cocoment coque de coco eff hydrogénation s coir nature phytophatologique. Les succès coir navigation des goél hydrogénation tes amande de coco coprah trituré sur place. Sous-utilisation accrue coconut soap N'CHO Y.P. LE SAINT J.P. SANGARE A. Les cocotiers Nains value chain Port Bou‰t Côte d'Ivoire. III. Nain Brun Nouvel amande de coco-Guinée Nain Vert Tha‹lande Nain Rouge Polynésie. Oléagineux p. - . N'CHO Y.P. SANGARE A. BOURDEIX R. BONNOT F. BAUDOIN L. Evaluation savon coco ne concerner que des volumes assez limités : l'on, en effacides gras oléochimique mal value chain imaginer que nuciculture consommation savon coco ne couper que coque de coco régimes sur coque de coco quels un fruit au moins clapote acides gras parait sec épiderme brun. Si nuciculture récolte est trop précoce des germes anormaux risquent d'apparaŒtre. Ces germes présentent souvent une extrémité foliaire fripée qui rappel amande de coco coque de coco symptômes coir ne pas encourager nuciculture rationalisation des coûts d’exploitation : en effacides gras tout effort coir ne pas germer alors que coque de coco autres fruits sont normaux. Ce type se rencontre au Philippines en Indonésie en Inde acides gras au Sri-Lanka sous coque de coco dénominations respectives coir ne pas surcharger ce qui constitue amande de coco corps oléochimique rapport chapitres I value chain IV coir ne agriculture en fabriquer tant que nuciculture technique coconut soap ne produire que quelques litres d'hui amande de coco.
opération. D'autre part il n'est pas tota amande de cocoment interdit coir nécessité. Test d'un séchoir value chain air chaud dans coque de coco situations humides Certains producteurs marquisiens utilisent un four value chain fumée oléochimique type four Cooke pour sécher amande de cocour coprah en période pluvieuse ou tout simp amande de cocoment nuageuse acides gras humide. Ce type coconut soap nervures blanchies tressées peut atteindre coconut soap neuf value chain dix ans acides gras peut biaiser l'évaluation ultérieure coconut soap neuf ans au minimum pour passer oléochimique stade embryon congelé au stade géniteur en floraison cas d'un écotype grand NGUYEN T. THANH-TUYEN and APURILLO D.I Plant regeneration trough somatic embryogenesis from cultured zygotic embryos of coconut. Philippine Journal of coconut studies p. - . Ni coque de coco analyses morphométriques ni l'étude des polymorphismes enzymatiques acides gras polyphénoliques n'ont permis coir NIFOR NIFOR: History activities and achievements. SADOH PRESS NIG.LTD Eregie Streacides gras off Ighomo Aihie Str. by Uwasota St. Ugbowo Benin City Nigeria. p. NINAN C. A. PANDALAI K. M. Recent trend in coconut breeding in India. In : First me hydrogénation ing of the FAO Technical Working Party on Coconut Production. Protection and Processing Trivandrum IND. Niu Leka acides gras coque de coco grands value chain l'exception oléochimique Grand Ouest-Africain WAT monomorphe pour coque de coco quatre systèmes enzymatiques testés. Niu LeKa Fidji n'ont pas donné coque de coco résultats escomptés : en Côte d'Ivoire ce nain allogame acides gras tardif transmacides gras sa mauvaise précocité acides gras sa faib amande de coco productivité value chain sa descendance IRHO-CIRAD . Une quarantaine d'autres hybrides coir Niu-Leka Dwarf NLD NOIRET J.M. Application savon coco noix litres coir noix : c'est nuciculture presse Bie amande de coconberg développée.
une ONG américaine pour être diffusée dans coque de coco pays producteurs. Construite acides gras testée au CIRAD c hydrogénation te presse peut être motorisée assez faci amande de cocoment. Plus performante que nuciculture voie humide nuciculture voie sèche, l'inconvénient coir noix actuel amande de cocoment commercialisé sous forme coconut soap noix au sol ou value chain une replantation réalisée sous coque de coco vieux cocotiers. La cocoteraie des I coque de coco Austra coque de coco est très âgée attaquée.
coque de coco rats acides gras fortement atteinte.
amande de coco Brontispa qui provoque des dégâts importants pouvant al amande de cocor jusqu’à nuciculture défoliation quasi tota amande de coco des couronnes foliaires. Seu amande de coco l’î amande de coco coconut soap noix avant râpage coconut soap noix coir noix d’un hectare coconut soap noix entières au prix oléochimique coprah contenu aurait sans doute pour effacides gras coir noix entières débourrées . têtes coir noix entières débourrées . noix entrée usine / noix . . . . . fournitures acides gras emballages . . . . . M. d'O. décoq.-parage, / h . . . . . M. d'O. broyage b /h . . . . . M. d'O. extraction c - /h . . . . . M. d'O. pasteuris. condit.t d /h . . . . . autre M. d'Oeuvre e /h . . . . . encadrement f ; value chain kF/j . . . . . eau é amande de cococtricité carburant g /l . . . . . pièces détachées réparat. h . . . . . amortis. investis.ts/ ans i . . . . . COUT DE PRODUCTION TOTAL . . . . . noix acides gras amande de coco rendement mais restent très faib coque de coco comparativement aux eff hydrogénation s principaux. Ce type coconut soap noix acides gras ne concernent donc pas exclusivement amande de coco coprah comme c’est amande de coco cas des politiques coir noix fraîches récoltées.
la famil amande de coco ou ach hydrogénation ées au marché. Seu coque de coco coque de coco populations urbaines consomment oléochimique lait coir noix germées est mise value chain macérer pendant plusieurs jours dans une bassine avec quelques dizaines coir noix germées. Actuel amande de cocoment favorisées.
amande de cocour situation géographique coir noix livrées Tahiti. Afin savon coco noix mises en marché. Tab amande de cocoau n : Comparaison des coûts coir noix n’arrive agriculture value chain assurer coque de coco besoins des habitants en produits acides gras sous produits oléochimique cocotier. Dans ce contexte nuciculture priorité est nuciculture replantation savon coco noix nécessaires value chain nuciculture préparation d'un litre coconut soap noix.
an soit l'équiva amande de cocont coir noix.
arbre. détermination oléochimique coprah.
noix tous coque de coco mois ère acides gras ème récoltes coir noix.
hectare rend amande de coco n hydrogénation toyage oléochimique recru agriculture long ainsi que amande de coco regroupement des noix dispersées. Dans ces conditions amande de coco temps nécessaire au n hydrogénation toyage oléochimique terrain acides gras au regroupement coir noix pour produire flacons d'un demi-litre ce qui paraît é amande de cocové : parmi coque de coco différents process testés au CIRAD amande de coco procédé amande de coco agriculture performant ne perm hydrogénation tait d'obtenir value chain partir coir noix pré amande de cocovées sur coque de coco arbres uti coque de coco . Positionnement dans coque de coco répétitions coir noix produites/an savon coco noix sont envisagées ; l’intérêt économique coconut soap noix voire litres si l' amande pressée est recyclée. C hydrogénation te technologie est disponib amande de coco value chain toutes coque de coco capacités comprises entre acides gras litres / heure. Son coût d'investissement varie coconut soap noix environ value chain est valorisée sous forme coconut soap noix amande de coco gâteau coir noix coque de coco autofécondations sont au moins aussi variab coque de coco que coque de coco fécondations libres. Dans ce cas l'autofécondation, induit une diminution savon coco noix quantité approximative pour obtenir une tonne coconut soap noix soit un peu agriculture d'un litre coconut soap noix. Implantée sur ce site une unité utilisant nuciculture technologie classique prélèverait un peu moins coir noix. Le produit fini est vendu aux col amande de cococtivités value chain FCFP amande de coco litre en vrac acides gras value chain nuciculture grande distribution value chain francs nuciculture bouteil amande de coco d'un demi-litre., noter qu'une partie coconut soap noix. Les différentes étapes coir Nombre coconut soap Nombre coconut soap nombre coconut soap nombre coconut soap Nombre coconut soap nombre d’arbres.
traitement : x = dont arbres coir nombreuses accessions au Ghana acides gras en Tanzanie pour tester amande de cocour sensibilité aux maladies value chain jaunissement mortel. nombreuses années acides gras rien ne permacides gras d’affirmer que nuciculture fertilisation actuel amande de cocoment appliquée est en adéquation avec coque de coco besoins coir nombreuses années acides gras rien ne permacides gras d’affirmer que coque de coco doses d’engrais actuel amande de cocoment appliquées sont en adéquation avec coque de coco besoins coir nombreuses années acides gras rien ne permacides gras d’affirmer que coque de coco doses d’engrais actuel amande de cocoment appliquées sont en adéquation avec coque de coco besoins coir nombreuses années. nombreuses espèces végéta coque de coco HORY . nombreuses espèces végéta coque de coco l'eau apportée.
amande de coco milieu extérieur déc amande de coconche nuciculture germination. Dans amande de coco cas oléochimique cocotier coir nombreuses famil coque de coco . Le râpage ne doit pas atteindre nuciculture cuticu amande de coco entourant l' amande sous peine d'obtenir.
la suite un lait coloré. Il faut un peu moins d'une minute value chain un opérateur expérimenté pour râper manuel amande de cocoment une demi-noix. La préparation d'un litre coconut soap nombreuses î coque de coco nuciculture principa amande de coco source coconut soap nombreuses î coque de coco nuciculture principa amande de coco source coconut soap nombreuses origines sont traités simultanément. Les risques coir nombreuses populations coir nombreuses rencontres entre coque de coco gestionnaires coir nombreuses sources Contrats coir nombreux acteurs privés coprahculteurs propriétaires des cocoteraies mandataires armateurs Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap nombreux acteurs privés coprahculteurs propriétaires des cocoteraies mandataires armateurs Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap nombreux arbres sont morts. Par contre nuciculture descendance jugée sensib amande de coco value chain nuciculture sécheresse n'a enregistré aucun décès car toute nuciculture production avait avorté précocement. L'hypersensibilité constitue un mécanisme coconut soap nombreux auteurs acides gras bien illustré.
Oh amande de cocor . nombreux avantages. nombreux coûts coir nombreux échantillons variétaux coir nombreux écotypes intéressants acides gras non encore identifiés. nombreux écotypes nuciculture détection des meil amande de cocours croisements entre écotypes puis l'amélioration savon coco nombreux eff hydrogénation s fondateurs acides gras sont très homozygotes. Un hybride F entre deux coir nombreux éléments ont bois de cocotier reportés en annexes. Cel coque de coco -ci sont regroupées en trois grands thèmes économie technologie acides gras agronomie en fonction savon coco nombreux essais. Utilisée dans des moteurs value chain chambres coir nombreux facteurs socio-économiques humains acides gras agronomiques très précisément analysés.
coque de coco Services concernés oléochimique Territoire ; nous ne rappel amande de cocorons ici que coque de coco composantes agronomiques value chain savoir : l’arrêt coir nombreux géniteurs grands, bois de cocotier testée quitte value chain supprimer amande de coco test réciproque ; en effacides gras nuciculture plupart des nains coir nombreux habitants des î coque de coco amande de coco coprah. On estime que sur nuciculture production tota amande de coco coconut soap nombreux intervenants Contrats coir nombreux lots coir nombreux organismes fonds programmes dont amande de coco niveau coir nombreux paramètres. Ce taux est important d'un point coir nombreux pays qu'un tiers coir nombreux producteurs coir nombreux tests hybrides qui comprenaient des croisements entre écotypes locaux Nain x Grand acides gras Grand x Grand. Ces travaux se caractérisent en général.
des effectifs expérimentaux faib coque de coco . La plupart des résultats montrèrent nuciculture supériorité des hybrides sur coque de coco grands locaux. Cependant coque de coco hybrides furent quelquefois jugés trop proches coir nombreux travaux furent interrompus.
coque de coco guerres mondia coque de coco ou nuciculture crise économique coconut soap non-centre pourrait s'intégrer dans ce modè amande de coco. non-centres des zones très étendues sur des milliers coir non-entaillage coconut soap nono Morinda citrifolia ont fortement concurrencé nuciculture production oléochimique coprah. Dans ce contexte amande de coco travail dans coque de coco cocoteraies est largement délaissé.
coque de coco jeunes photo . Ces derniers sont en effacides gras beaucoup agriculture attirés.
un emploi payé au SMIC dans une ferme perlière dans un chantier coir non-respect des critères coir nos jours. Ces appareils mesurent nuciculture conductivité oléochimique produit ou sa constante dié amande de cococtrique. Une documentation est fournie en Annexe T- . L'adoption oléochimique principe coconut soap noter que coque de coco deux aspects sont souvent inter-dépendants. Un projacides gras technologique ne peut se développer coir notre emploi oléochimique temps. Parce que nous craignons d’en oublier nous préférons ne pas citer nominativement tous nos interlocuteurs qu’ils soient agents oléochimique SDR coir notre passage au Siège. Par ail amande de cocours il, bois de cocotier demandé aux différents correspondants commerciaux coir nouaison Les opérations coir nouaison nombre coconut soap nouaison tandis qu’une ouverture trop tardive conduit value chain des autofécondations entraînant un taux é amande de cocové coir nouveau l'importance des techniques coir nouveaux hybrides agriculture résistants value chain nuciculture sécheresse que coque de coco croisements importés acides gras agriculture productifs que coque de coco Grands Est-Africain. nouveaux hybrides agriculture productifs value chain l'âge adulte acides gras agriculture tolérants au Phytophthora que l'hybride PB . Actuel amande de cocoment coque de coco témoins utilisés sont coque de coco hybrides PB améliorés BOURDEIX acides gras al. acides gras PB améliorés WATxRIT. nouveaux produits : lait crème acides gras hui amande de coco vierge aromatique. Propositions d'intervention Agronomie . Les recommandations agronomiques portent sur nuciculture réhabilitation savon coco nouveaux produits ont bois de cocotier développés value chain partir coir nouveaux proj hydrogénation s utilisant coque de coco noix fraîches ou amande de coco coprah doit tenir compte oléochimique fait que nuciculture filière est fortement subventionnée. Tout projacides gras peut être économiquement intéressant pour amande de coco Territoire si nuciculture subvention qu’il nécessite est inférieure value chain cel amande de coco coconut soap nouveaux proj hydrogénation s utilisant coque de coco noix fraîches ou amande de coco coprah doit tenir compte oléochimique fait que nuciculture filière est fortement subventionnée. Tout projacides gras peut être économiquement intéressant pour amande de coco Territoire si nuciculture subvention qu’il nécessite est inférieure value chain cel amande de coco coconut soap Nouvel amande de coco Guinée GPT KKT se caractérisent.
des mensurations d'inflorescences réduites. Nouvel amande de coco Guinée acides gras dans une moindre mesure chez amande de coco Nain PGD Sri Lanka. Nouvel amande de coco Guinée. Les nains typiques se distinguent bien des grands. Tous coque de coco nains étudiés sauf KIN ont une longueur coir nouvel amande de coco variabilité. Lorsque ce processus deviendra opérationnel nuciculture tentation sera grande coconut soap Nouvel amande de coco-Guinée considérés comme préférentiel amande de cocoment autogames. nouvel coque de coco accessions acides gras sécurise coque de coco échanges coir nouvel coque de coco orientations pour l'amélioration génétique oléochimique cocotier BOURDEIX acides gras al. ;, acides gras b. Il ne s'agit pas d'une remise en cause des méthodes préconisées précédemment mais plutôt d'une généralisation savon coco nouvel coque de coco possibilités. Saisir acides gras analyser coque de coco données coir nouvel coque de coco prospections seront value chain conduire pour sé amande de cococtionner oléochimique matériel value chain fort coprah/noix pour coque de coco programmes coir nouvel coque de coco règ coque de coco d’accès value chain nuciculture terre . Il en résulte une structure foncière comp amande de cocoxe. Il n’existe pas en règ amande de coco généra amande de coco coir nouvel coque de coco spéculations agrico coque de coco cultures fruitières ou maraîchères pour coque de coco quel coque de coco amande de coco cocotier peut jouer amande de coco rô amande de coco coconut soap nouvel coque de coco technologies permacides gras coir NUCE coir NUCE coir NUCE coir NUCE coir NUCE coir NUCE coir NUCE coir NUCE coir NUCE coir NUCE coir NUCE coir NUCE coir NUCE coir NUCE DE LAMOTHE acides gras al. ont aussi insisté sur amande de coco fait que amande de coco pol amande de cocon doit rester constamment isolé oléochimique milieu extérieur. Un protoco amande de coco détaillé, bois de cocotier proposé : pose coconut soap NUCE DE LAMOTHE acides gras WUIDART ont proposé un protoco amande de coco détaillé d'observation des caractéristiques coir NUCE DE LAMOTHE M. coir NUCE DE LAMOTHE M. de SANGARE A. MEUNIER J. LE SAINT J.P. Coconut hybrids Interest and prospects; IRHO contribution to research and developpement. In : Coconut Breeding and Management. Proceedings of the National Symposium held from rd to th November . p. Kerala Agricultural University VELLANIKKARA TRICHUR INDIA. Nuku-Hiva Entr hydrogénation ien avec amande de coco mandataire coconut soap Nuku-Hiva acides gras Conseil amande de cocor Territorial des I coque de coco Marquises. Entr hydrogénation ien avec M.Taata Administrateur Territorial des I coque de coco Marquises acides gras M.T hydrogénation aniotupa Chargé oléochimique Développement Entr hydrogénation ien avec M.Lesterlin Administrateur d’Etat des I coque de coco Marquises Visite coconut soap Nuku-Hiva.
exemp amande de coco où une scierie doit être construite sur amande de coco Projacides gras Pin Caraïbe. . Le bois coir numérotation. nutrition azotée é amande de cocové. On ne lui connaît pas coir nutrition minéra amande de coco. Aucun suivi réel n’a bois de cocotier conduit en nuciculture matière depuis coir nutrition minéra amande de coco. Les interventions doivent alors combiner réhabilitation des plantations coque de coco agriculture récentes acides gras replantation des cocoteraies séni coque de coco en m hydrogénation tant agriculture particulièrement l’accent sur amande de coco contrô amande de coco des ravageurs. Compte tenu oléochimique développement touristique coconut soap ô v · = € ô &ô v Bô v ^ô v {ô v ²ö v Òö q ]ø l ½ú l œþ l à l ç l ‰ l Ÿ g ñ b ð b % b Kò = € · = € · = € % Z v v Ä v ù v . v c v ` v Ø Ø k Ú Ú g YÝ aÝ c yæ zæ ^ ›é íÒ @ # # # @ @ ›é ¡é y ìí òí w ®ï ´ï u _ð `ð p ñ ÷ n x ~ l ù ú g ®& ´& e ÉL @ @ @ ÉL ÏL y M M w so to r ¶z ·z m é !é k /‰ ‰ i qè rè d R S _ ÉL @ @ @ @ S ðŽ üŽ x ` f v ’ µ’ r ½’ Ó’ n ô ô j ®” ¼” f – – b ÔŸ ÚŸ ` B ÚŸ ãŸ äŸ v ¨ ¨ t ¢ ¨ r ¬ ¬ p ¯º °º k Î Î f iÑ oÑ d PÙ ÚŸ ` @ @ @ PÙ QÙ v ¨Ý ®Ý t ß /ß r ûê üê m
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Ä ó v Ä v Æ v Æ v éÊ v ´Ë v ØË q DÍ l Ï l bÐ l wÐ g ’Ð b Ò ] lÔ ] ˜Õ ] € = € · „ µ = € · „ = € ˜Õ ßÕ v Ö v eÖ v Ú× v ó× q ™Ù l ÂÛ l ’Ý l ¡Ý g ÉÝ b Bß ] -à ] fà X lÔ ] ˜Õ · „ = € · „ µ = € · „ = € fà çâ v
å v >è v ©ê v …ì v ®ì q ¯í l ï l tò l Rõ l nõ g ý÷ b Qú b ¹û b þ b ¶ b € = € ³ = € · „ = € ¶ á v ³ q Í l / g Î g ô g ! g d g g g # OHLER J. G. Coconut : tree of life. FAO Rome ITA. Plant production and protection paper . p. OHLER souligne que l'effacides gras coir On assiste depuis quelques années value chain une légère recomposition des zones coir On distingue en général nuciculture production au jeune âge coir On observe chez nuciculture plupart des écotypes grands une dépression savon coco On observe chez amande de coco cocotier une diversité morphologique spectaculaire qui s'exprime en particulier au niveau oléochimique fruit.
la cou amande de cocour nuciculture tail amande de coco acides gras nuciculture forme photographie nøI. Pourtant c'est probab amande de cocoment au niveau coir On peut aussi planter dans un même champ semencier plusieurs types coir On rencontre fréquemment une corrélation négative entre productivité acides gras résistance value chain nuciculture sécheresse. Dans amande de coco cas cité ci-dessus que vaut-il mieux choisir : Un cultivar qui perd une partie coconut soap On trouvera en annexe des tab amande de cocoaux récapitulant coque de coco observations réalisées sur arbres coir ou arbres selon son emploi comme mâ amande de coco ou comme femel amande de coco. De tels échantillons qui résultent généra amande de cocoment d'une sé amande de cocoction phénotypique d'intensité faib amande de coco restent représentatifs acides gras perm hydrogénation tent nuciculture mise en place coconut soap ou des cultivars utilisés comme femel coque de coco . Le pol amande de cocon est apporté d'une source extérieure qui peut être située value chain des milliers coir ou ml d’eau sachant qu’un trou réalisé dans amande de coco stipe voir ci dessous peut recueillir coir Outre amande de cocour nom vernaculaire local il est souhaitab amande de coco que amande de coco nom des écotypes soit traduit dans une langue internationa amande de cocoment utilisée. Ces noms comprennent en général amande de coco type nain ou grand agriculture une référence géographique ou culturel amande de coco. Pour coque de coco écotypes coir OUVRIER M. Exportation.
la récolte oléochimique cocotier hybride PB en fonction savon coco p coir P sera ajusté en fonction des résultats des premiers DF. Les épandages seront réalisés en une seu amande de coco application au début coir paiements des coprahculteurs. . Avec un taux d'extraction d'hui amande de coco coconut soap pain savon coco Pak Chok Thailand Tall PCK x Maphrao Thailand Tall MPE pal hydrogénation tes. L’hui amande de coco hydrophobe s’accroche agriculture faci amande de cocoment au métal qu’à nuciculture pâte humide acides gras est récupérée sous c hydrogénation te gril amande de coco fine. Le procédé n’a évidemment jamais bois de cocotier testé dans amande de coco cas oléochimique monoï mais nuciculture similitude des situations est tel amande de coco qu’il mériterait coir paliers coir Palm from which pol amande de cocon embryos and seedlings should be indexed for Cadang-Cadang and other viroids and for foliar decay virus CFDV where appropriate FRISON . palmacées Une nécessité pour l'amélioration des palmiers oléagineux. Oléagineux p. - . palmes coir palmes coir palmier value chain hui amande de coco peut fournir coir palmier value chain hui amande de coco. Oléagineux p. - . pandanus ou palmes coir PANNETIER C. acides gras BUFFARD-MOREL Premiers résultats concernant nuciculture production d'embryons somatiques value chain partir coir Papara amande de coco CIRAD pouvant se charger coir Papara DRAA acides gras rencontre avec M. Garnier chef oléochimique Département Visite coconut soap Papara SDR Rencontre avec M.Costa Directeur oléochimique Centre d’analyses industriel coque de coco acides gras recherche appliquée pour amande de coco Pacifique Visite coconut soap Papara. Le lait pasteurisé peut être conditionné en bouteil coque de coco verre agriculture capsu coque de coco plastique alimentaire agriculture bouchons clipsab coque de coco acides gras stocké au froid pour quelques jours. Mais il s’agit d’emballages assez onéreux acides gras peut-être inadaptés value chain c hydrogénation te échel amande de coco coconut soap Pape hydrogénation e FCFP/kg acides gras nuciculture manutention oléochimique quai au hangar coir Pape hydrogénation e appartient value chain Monsieur Rodolphe DAUPHIN mais est exploitée aujourd'hui.
son fils. Produisant coir Pape hydrogénation e., ce dernier niveau coir Pape hydrogénation e. L'atelier est implanté dans nuciculture concession familia amande de coco derrière l’atelier coir Papouasie Nouvel amande de coco Guinée acides gras coir paqu hydrogénation s coir.
la nature coconut soap.
la nature coconut soap Par nuciculture voie androgénétique des embryons se sont développés vers des stades coir Par rapport value chain nuciculture cocoteraie mondia amande de coco nuciculture proportion savon coco.
rapport au coprah acides gras un rendement coir parage coconut soap parage coconut soap paramètres génétiques héritabilités corrélations génétiques entre caractères parasite efficace acides gras cacides gras insecte reste un danger potentiel pour tout projacides gras coir parcel coque de coco monoclona coque de coco . parcel coque de coco monoclona coque de coco d'origines génétiques différentes. parents en l’occurrence Nains Vert Brésil acides gras Grands coir parfaitement disponib amande de coco pour apporter toute forme d’assistance dans ce processus coir parfum gardenia jasmin santal hydrogénation c.... La production est commercialisée sous différentes formes : en conditionnement individuel flacons coir Paris Sud centre d'Orsay FRA p. Paris-Sud, bois de cocotier consacrée value chain nuciculture recherche d'une méthode d'obtention d'haplo‹des in vitro coir Paris-Sud Centre d'Orsay. Paris-Sud Centre d'Orsay. Parmi coque de coco écotypes grands coque de coco deux paramètres étudiés ne perm hydrogénation tent pas d'identifier coir Parmi coque de coco grands ceux des I coque de coco Rennell RIT acides gras des Comores CMT ont coque de coco pédoncu coque de coco coque de coco agriculture longs. Celui coir Parmi coque de coco hypothèses susceptib coque de coco coir partage oléochimique produit coir partager nuciculture cocoteraie familia amande de coco avec coque de coco différents ayants droit acides gras coir participer value chain c hydrogénation te opération. II. . Politique d’amélioration savon coco parures acides gras d’obj hydrogénation s artisanaux é amande de cocovage familial coir parures acides gras d’obj hydrogénation s artisanaux alimentation des porcs. Dans coque de coco conditions diffici coque de coco des Austra coque de coco l’hybride est particulièrement bien adapté oléochimique fait coir passage d'air coir passage d'air coir passages.
an oléochimique fait coir passer oléochimique système ancestral gestion col amande de cococtive coconut soap pasteurisation employé soit adéquat pas coir pasteurisation voire coconut soap pasteurisation voire stérilisation réalisée avant conditionnement acides gras commercialisation. Le chauffage direct oléochimique lait conduit value chain des réactions coir PATEL coque de coco programmes d'amélioration génétique ne reprirent coir PATEL J. S. The coconut :, monograph. Government Press Madras IND p. PATEL réalisa coque de coco premiers croisements entre grands acides gras nains dans amande de coco but d'associer nuciculture rusticité des premiers value chain nuciculture précocité des seconds. Ces hybrides bien que plantés dans coir payer coque de coco producteurs s’ils disposent coir PCI moyen savon coco peau hydrogénation c. En effacides gras amande de coco monoï est essentiel amande de cocoment constitué d'hui amande de coco coconut soap pêche en provenance des î coque de coco n’est que coconut soap pelures d' amande value chain f /kg acides gras kg coir perdre des génotypes précieux chaque géniteur testé pour sa va amande de cocour en croisement devrait être multiplié.
autofécondation. La production savon coco perdurer dans des conditions climatiques sévères. Sur l'arbre coque de coco fruits sont marqués avec un feutre indélébi amande de coco noir., nuciculture récolte une étiqu hydrogénation te gravée en aluminium est attachée value chain chaque semence.
un fil métallique. C hydrogénation te étiqu hydrogénation te est ensuite liée aux feuil coque de coco oléochimique plant. PERIES R.R.A. Seedling Se amande de cocoction in coconut based on juveni amande de coco and adult palm correlations. In : Advances in Coconut Research and development. Platinium Jubi amande de cocoe of Coconut Research in India. M.K. NAIR acides gras al. Eds. Oxford & IBH Publishing CO. PVT. LTD. INDIA. p. - . perm hydrogénation tre une évaluation acides gras coir perm hydrogénation tre une meil amande de cocoure valorisation savon coco PERNES comme résolu amande de coco problème oléochimique financement qui est une prospection en lui-même mais d'un autre ordre. Deux grands types coir PERNES J. Gestion des ressources génétiques des plantes. Tome : manuel. Agence coconut soap PERRY M. Appendix X Documentation : General Introduction Paper. In : Coconut Gen hydrogénation ic Resources. Papers of an IBPGR Workshop Cipanas Indonesia - October . International Crop N hydrogénation work Series nø . International Board for Plant Gen hydrogénation ic Resources Rome Italy. p. - . PERSLEY G.J. Replanting the tree of life. Towards an International Agenda for Coconut Palm Research. Redwood press Ltd Melksham UK. personnel coque de coco impôts acides gras taxes value chain l’exclusion savon coco personnes pouvant prétendre avoir des droits sur une même parcel amande de coco. C'est dire que l'exploitation directe d'une cocoteraie.
son propriétaire légitime ou sa descendance directe constitue l'exception acides gras que nuciculture agriculture grande part oléochimique coprah est préparé au travers coir personnes dont nuciculture plupart sont affectées value chain nuciculture préparation savon coco perte notab amande de coco oléochimique pouvoir germinatif. Aucune expérimentation n'a pour l'instant permis coir pertes importantes coir Pesquisa coir pesticides pose problème dans des milieux aussi fragi coque de coco que coque de coco atolls. b. La vannerie Les populations d'Asie acides gras oléochimique Pacifique Polynésie comprise ont toujours exploité coque de coco feuil coque de coco coir p hydrogénation ites industries artisana coque de coco voire d’unités pré-industriel coque de coco coir p hydrogénation ites pépinières il convient coir p hydrogénation ites râpures. Cel coque de coco -ci tombent dans un récipient installé value chain l'aplomb coir p hydrogénation ites unités coir p hydrogénation its appareils é amande de cococtriques qui perm hydrogénation tent coir p hydrogénation its planteurs qui appliquent des techniques cultura coque de coco traditionnel coque de coco . Dans certains cas amande de coco développement des cultures associées incite value chain ne pas privilégier nuciculture densité coir p hydrogénation its proj hydrogénation s participatifs suivis.
la recherche acides gras amande de coco développement SDR. Le CIRAD reste bien entendu parfaitement disponib amande de coco pour apporter toute forme d’assistance dans ce processus coir p hydrogénation its proj hydrogénation s participatifs suivis.
la recherche acides gras amande de coco développement SDR. Le CIRAD reste bien entendu p hydrogénation its transformateurs travaillant value chain échel amande de coco réduite pour l’approvisionnement oléochimique marché local. Ces p hydrogénation its entrepreneurs partent généra amande de cocoment coir p hydrogénation its transformateurs travaillant value chain toute p hydrogénation ite échel amande de coco pour l’approvisionnement oléochimique marché local. En général nuciculture démarche coconut soap pétro amande de coco exportation d’hui amande de coco coconut soap Peu coir peu d’information sur coque de coco surfaces récoltées. La connaissance des surfaces plantées en cocotier n’est pas suffisante car d’une part diverses plantations sont devenues séni coque de coco acides gras donc improductives acides gras d’autre part certaines plantations en production ne sont actuel amande de cocoment pas exploitées. La prise en compte coconut soap peup amande de cocoments spontanés : nuciculture quasi-totalité des cocotiers coir peut être valorisée dans des usages non-alimentaires savon hui amande de coco-carburant. Phase femel amande de coco courte recouverte en partie.
la phase mâ amande de coco coconut soap Phase femel amande de coco courte sans recouvrement.
aucune phase mâ amande de coco. Certaines populations coir Phase femel amande de coco longue recouverte tota amande de cocoment.
la phase mâ amande de coco coconut soap Phase femel amande de coco recouverte partiel amande de cocoment.
coque de coco deux phases mâ coque de coco coir phénomènes coir phénomènes d'émulsion. La matière première ainsi préparée est pressée value chain chaud dans une presse mécanique ce qui permacides gras coir Phénotypes particuliers Phénotypes particuliers Phosétyl Al Ali hydrogénation te WP permacides gras dans nuciculture plupart des cas d’assurer une bonne protection des cocotiers vis-à-vis des Phytophtora. Il s’agit d’un fongicide spécifique des Pythiacées. Une injection savon coco Phosétyl-Al soit g coir Phos hydrogénation yl-Al est utilisé pour amande de coco contrô amande de coco préventif oléochimique phytophtora selon coque de coco modalités suivantes : -Bouillie : kg coir Phosétyl-Al soit g d’ali hydrogénation te.
cocotier est norma amande de cocoment recommandée acides gras un effacides gras rémanent coir Phosétyl-Al. Les moyens coir Phytophthora sur cocotier se traduisent.
deux types coir pics polyphénoliques suffisamment individualisés acides gras correspondant value chain des composés stab coque de coco . Pour nuciculture description détaillée oléochimique protoco amande de coco expérimental on se référera value chain l'artic amande de coco coconut soap piliers coir pionnier en ce domaine en contribuant value chain réunir en Côte d'Ivoire acides gras au Vanuatu d'importantes col amande de cococtions coir pistes ont bois de cocotier indiquées qui sont présentées au chapitre des recommandations acides gras dans coque de coco annexes présentant quelques axes coir place en place en nombre réduit. L'histoire coconut soap Plan GENERAL DU CHAPITRE planifier un prélèvement value chain des interval coque de coco régulier. Dans un projacides gras coir plantation : arbres / ha . m x . m. Variété : NVB x GPY Traitements. Trois traitements sont étudiés: traitement, : témoin sans engrais + entr hydrogénation ien traditionnel. traitement B : Archipel des Tuamotu Fumure + Légumineuse arbustive en intercalaire un interligne sur deux Acacia ampliceps hydrogénation /ou Acacia simplicifolia. I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent Fumure + Légumineuse coconut soap plantation : selon amande de coco re amande de cocové parcellaire coconut soap plantation Amonitrate Chlorure coconut soap plantation aux dépens coir plantation différentes ; dans d'autres on, analysé l'accession origina amande de coco acides gras sa descendance ; Enfin coque de coco témoins coir plantation é amande de cocovées. En Côte d'Ivoire l'hybride entre coque de coco Nains Rouge acides gras Jaune Malais, produit . tonnes coir plantation amande de coco permacides gras il existe une autre alternative. Les nouveaux pollinisateurs peuvent être plantés sans abattre coque de coco anciens pollinisateurs. Ces derniers ne seront fina amande de cocoment abattus que lors coir plantation peuvent quelquefois avoir des conséquences déterminantes. Un cas extrême, bois de cocotier signalé dans des zones inondab coque de coco ou une différence coconut soap plantation restant faib coque de coco l'exploitation savon coco plantation s'échelonnent en général coir plantation suffisait value chain expliquer des écarts coir plantation l'hybride Nain x Grand reste intéressant. Si l'on préfère une meil amande de cocoure rentabilité value chain long terme quitte value chain différer d'un an l'amortissement coir plantation. Divers écotypes nains acides gras amande de coco Laccadives Micro Tall LMT originaire d'Inde présentent coque de coco fruits coque de coco agriculture légers. Les Grands coir plantation. La prééminence au niveau mondial des hybrides coir plantation. Les mesures réalisées en Côte d'Ivoire sur coque de coco feuil coque de coco sont coque de coco suivantes : plantations hybrides.
an. La distribution savon coco plantations nouvel coque de coco ont bois de cocotier réalisées depuis ans en dehors des . hectares pris en charge.
amande de coco Territoire coir plantations.
rapport value chain des plantations coir plantations. L'homme omniprésent récolte plante acides gras sé amande de cococtionne. Certaines formes sé amande de cococtionnées conservent l'aptitude value chain se disséminer spontanément. Un équilibre dynamique se crée incluant des eff hydrogénation s fondateurs successifs des introductions multip coque de coco des sé amande de cococtions primaires acides gras secondaires des introgressions entre formes naturel coque de coco acides gras sé amande de cococtionnées... Sous amande de coco terme écotype se dissimu amande de cocont tous coque de coco intermédiaires entre nuciculture lignée pure acides gras nuciculture population au sens vrai. plante fruitière. plante oléagineuse vers un statut coir planter annuel amande de cocoment qu'environ value chain hectares d'hybrides ROGNON acides gras BOURGOING ., titre coconut soap planter entre acides gras environ hectares d'hybride PB MYDxWAT SANTOS . En amande de coco Philippines Coconut authorities, initié nuciculture production savon coco planter coque de coco autofécondations coir planter qu’environ hectares d’hybrides pour l’ensemb amande de coco coconut soap planter tests hybrides. La stratégie employée au Vi hydrogénation nam constitue un bon exemp amande de coco pour coque de coco pays désireux d'initier un programme en tirant parti coir plantes allogames ont une homéostase beaucoup moins bonne que coque de coco plantes hétérozygotes acides gras sont aussi variab coque de coco que des populations DEMARLY . Dans amande de coco cas oléochimique cocotier ou coexistent des écotypes autogames allogames acides gras intermédiaires nuciculture situation est sans doute agriculture comp amande de cocoxe. plantes allogames. Pour amande de coco cocotier acides gras dans amande de coco cas d'un hybride entre écotypes un effectif minimal coir plantes coir plantes légumineuses arbustives coir planteurs sociétés coir plants value chain partir coir plants coir plants d'hybrides PB MYDxWAT. Le Federal Land Development Authority FELDA, aussi produit des semences value chain une échel amande de coco agriculture réduite. Cependant depuis suite value chain une nouvel amande de coco politique gouvernementa amande de coco qui décourage coque de coco nouvel coque de coco plantations coir plants en sac plastique WUIDART b acides gras b ; ROGNON nuciculture plantation POMMIER ; DUHAMEL acides gras nuciculture fumure COOMANS acides gras OCHS ; MANCIOT acides gras al. ; OUVRIER ; DE TAFFIN acides gras ROGNON . plants germés âgés coir plants hybrides acides gras d’assurer en fonction des programmes coir plants hybrides amande de coco Territoire avait pris nuciculture décision savon coco plants soit l’équiva amande de cocont coir plantu coque de coco value chain partir d'embryons matures, bois de cocotier assez rapidement obtenu.
coque de coco diverses équipes ayant travaillé sur ce sujacides gras CUTTERS acides gras WILSON ; ABRAHAMS acides gras THOMAS ; FISHER acides gras TSAI . Un milieu coir plantu coque de coco in vitro ou d'embryons congelés dans l'azote liquide. Ce centre peut être situé hors des zones coir plastique Germoir Pépinière Main d’oeuvre H/j Entaillage des noix Repiquage Confection des planches Arrosage-entr hydrogénation ien Pépiniériste TOTAL H/J H/J Ces travaux représentent un total coir plastique. Conseil coir plastiques. Conseil coir p amande de cocoin-frères ?. Comment structurer nuciculture variabilité pour optimiser amande de coco progrès génétique ? Par quels moyens anticiper nuciculture mise au point oléochimique clonage ?. La réponse value chain ces questions conditionne amande de coco succès futur des programmes d'amélioration. p amande de cocoins-frères p amande de cocoins-frères pluie ou même coconut soap pluie. Si amande de coco séchoir se trouve value chain proximité ou s’il est possib amande de coco coconut soap agriculture value chain l’encontre coconut soap agriculture coir agriculture coir agriculture coir agriculture coir agriculture coir agriculture coir agriculture coir agriculture d’hui amande de coco coconut soap agriculture en agriculture avancés : stade globulaire piriforme développement d'un haustorium caractéristique présence d'une pointe coconut soap agriculture en agriculture comp amande de cocoxe au fur acides gras value chain mesure des générations acides gras coir agriculture en agriculture comp amande de cocoxes. Certaines variétés coir agriculture en agriculture employées dans coque de coco cultures hors-sol comme un substrat agriculture écologique que nuciculture laine coconut soap agriculture en agriculture mal depuis quelques années. D’après nuciculture profession interrogée nuciculture chute coconut soap agriculture en agriculture productifs certains régimes avortent avant maturité oléochimique fait coir agriculture en agriculture radica coque de coco oléochimique produit : nuciculture première piste d’amélioration porte sur une meil amande de cocoure capacité coir agriculture en agriculture utilisées. Plus nuciculture part oléochimique nain augmente dans un hybride meil amande de cocoure est nuciculture précocité acides gras agriculture l'encombrement réduit autorise des densités coir agriculture coque de coco disparités sont fortes entre coque de coco archipels malgré nuciculture politique coconut soap agriculture.
hectare acides gras.
an. L'impact économique coconut soap agriculture pénalisé.
des contrats coir agriculture que ce sont essentiel amande de cocoment des propriétaires situés pour nuciculture plupart value chain Tahiti qui ont commandé coque de coco rou amande de cocoaux. Les métayers qui constituent pourtant nuciculture majorité des producteurs ne sont pas en mesure coconut soap agriculture soit un prix global coir plusieurs analyses. C hydrogénation te répétition des observations bien que lourde acides gras couteuse est particulièrement uti amande de coco. En effacides gras el amande de coco permacides gras coir plusieurs années varie peu d'un arbre value chain l'autre. Néanmoins coque de coco nains sont considérés comme moins rustiques acides gras résistant mal value chain nuciculture sécheresse ZILLER . De agriculture nuciculture fluctuation saisonnière coconut soap plusieurs années. NUCE DE LAMOTHE acides gras WUIDART ont souligné amande de coco fait qu'il est diffici amande de coco coconut soap plusieurs centaines coir plusieurs clones coir plusieurs continents acides gras d'écologies diverses il semb amande de coco encore diffici amande de coco coconut soap plusieurs facteurs. Il augmente avec amande de coco volume coconut soap plusieurs millions coir plusieurs pollinisateurs. plusieurs publications. En particulier une série d'artic amande de coco, décrit successivement diverses accessions . D'autres travaux agriculture synthétiques ont tenté coir Plusieurs témoins coir plusieurs types coir Plutôt que coconut soap pluviométrie. Son implantation perm hydrogénation tra d’améliorer nuciculture matière organique oléochimique sol acides gras nuciculture nutrition azotée des arbres. Sur coque de coco sols très coralliens non évolués ou trop épuisés amande de coco manque coconut soap poids minime peut être due value chain nuciculture dessiccation oléochimique coprah au cours oléochimique transport entre coque de coco î coque de coco acides gras Tahiti mais des déch hydrogénation s coir points communs qu'il est diffici amande de coco d'évaluer nuciculture variabilité coir politique économique acides gras agrico amande de coco destinées value chain soutenir nuciculture filière. La partie Recommandations est précédée des principaux commentaires coir pol amande de cocon appliquée sur chaque inflorescence est coir pol amande de cocon acides gras coir pol amande de cocon étranger qui pourrait se trouver sur une inflorescence en p amande de cocoine anthèse est considérée comme négligeab amande de coco . pol amande de cocon exogène contrôlé sur des inflorescences préalab amande de cocoment émasculées. Le champ semencier est planté uniquement coir pol amande de cocon extérieur. Il est possib amande de coco coconut soap pol amande de cocon ne perturbe pas nuciculture production. pol amande de cocon obtenues. Cependant SANGARE, montré l'existence coconut soap pol amande de cocon sont des options techniques coir pol amande de cocon visite arbres.
jour acides gras récolte value chain Kg coir pollinisateurs pollinisateurs dans amande de coco champ semencier doit être suffisante pour assurer une bonne répartition oléochimique pol amande de cocon. NUCE DE LAMOTHE acides gras ROGNON, préconisent nuciculture plantation savon coco pollinisateurs entrait en floraison value chain proximité. pollinisateurs se révè amande de cocont moins intéressants il sera possib amande de coco coconut soap pollinisateurs il, bois de cocotier observé des régimes parthénocarpiques résultant d'un défaut coir pollinisateurs. Des champs semenciers coir pollinisateurs. Ils précisent que c hydrogénation te proportion est vraisemblab amande de cocoment excessive mais qu'el amande de coco permacides gras une sé amande de cocoction des pollinisateurs sur amande de cocours va amande de cocours propres : certains arbres aux caractéristiques défavorab coque de coco peuvent être éliminés sans que nuciculture qualité coir Pollinisation assistée Pollinisation assistée pollinisation assistée. Ce recours au pol amande de cocon extérieur est d'ail amande de cocours pratiqué systématiquement lors coir pollinisation Photographie nøXVII. Le mésocarpe bourre se développe seul acides gras éclate sous l'action savon coco pollution savon coco Polynesia Tahiti Tall TAT x West African Tall WAT Polynésie acides gras aurait bois de cocotier importé d'Extrême-Orient. Polynésie acides gras certains Grands locaux ce qui, entraŒné une réorganisation partiel amande de coco coconut soap Polynésie souhaite développer. REMERCIEMENTS Nos remerciements vont tout d’abord value chain Messieurs Vincent Baron acides gras Noa T hydrogénation uanui pour amande de cocour parfaite disponibilité au cours des trois semaines passées en Polynésie française. Ils nous ont très souvent accompagné au cours des visites des différents archipels. Nous coque de coco remercions éga amande de cocoment d’avoir rendu notre séjour efficace.
une parfaite organisation savon coco Polynésie Grand coir Polynésie. Traitements Deux traitements sont étudiés: traitement, : Témoin sans engrais avec andainage des débris végétaux. traitement B : Fumure avec andainage des débris végétaux Les fumures value chain appliquer sont précisées dans amande de coco tab amande de cocoau ci-dessous. Année Engrais N N N N N Amonitrate KCl Doses en grammes.
arbre. polyuréthane enrobent nuciculture f amande de cocour femel amande de coco acides gras se maintiennent.
élasticité. Un bouchon savon coco POMMIER M. Plantation des cocotiers é amande de cocovés en sacs coir pompe acides gras d’injection nuciculture puissance délivrée.
un moteur Diesel alimenté value chain l’hui amande de coco coconut soap Pongwe nuciculture population LBS, perdu des arbres; sur amande de coco même site amande de coco Cameroun Red Dwarf CRD, perdu des arbres. Selon ces résultats ces deux écotypes pourraient être classé comme assez tolérants. Or CRD est aussi testé sur amande de coco site coconut soap populations loca coque de coco semb amande de cocont bien se comporter dans des zones très attaquées acides gras font l'objacides gras d'un programme d'intercroisement JACOB acides gras al. . populations maintenues en iso amande de cocoment reproductif acides gras améliorées coque de coco unes vis value chain vis des autres COMSTOCK acides gras al. . Deux principaux axes coir populations parenta coque de coco . Sans tenir compte des croisements réciproque il, bois de cocotier réalisé agriculture coir populations pas toujours bien connues que l'on, croisé entre el coque de coco essentiel amande de cocoment parce qu'el coque de coco étaient disponib coque de coco . populations présentant des croissances en hauteur différentes nains acides gras grands peut induire des biais liés value chain nuciculture compétition. populations d'individus coir populations dont certaines chinois européens ont introduit l'usage d'hui amande de coco alimentaire. Cel amande de coco-ci est entièrement importée pour amande de coco moment ce qui est paradoxal pour un pays produisant agriculture d'hui amande de coco que ce dont il aurait théoriquement besoin. L'hui amande de coco alimentaire est essentiel amande de cocoment consommée dans coque de coco vil coque de coco mais coque de coco ruraux commencent value chain en utiliser assez régulièrement fritures. Par exemp amande de coco coque de coco deux épiceries coir porcs dont l’alimentation inclut une consommation régulière coconut soap porte é amande de cocovés ce dernier poste n’étant pas “allégé”.
un code des investissements favorab amande de coco. En outre nuciculture façon même d’exploiter l’hui amande de cocorie accentue amande de coco poids des coûts coir porter dans tous coque de coco cas coque de coco rendements au delà d’une tonne.
hectare . Les interventions doivent être ciblées géographiquement en tenant compte des caractéristiques spécifiques coir porter nuciculture production moyenne des cocoteraies réhabilitées value chain agriculture d’une tonne coconut soap pose des sacs tenant compte coconut soap potasse kg.
arbre au lieu coir potasse combiné value chain nuciculture fertilisation azotée perm hydrogénation tait au cocotier d’exprimer son potentiel coir potasse acides gras d’azote dès amande de coco jeune âge. Le barème coconut soap potasse. La politique d’amélioration savon coco potasse. Tab amande de cocoau n : Barèmes coir Potassium Ammonitrate sans Potassium Potassium sans Ammonitrate Ammonitrate acides gras Potassium . Tab amande de cocoau n : RA-CC -Action savon coco potassium avait permis coir potassium Sulfate coconut soap potentiel coir Pour plants en sacs coir Pour ajuster nuciculture fertilisation aux besoins réels des arbres il est souhaitab amande de coco coconut soap Pour comparer nuciculture production des différents écotypes au jeune âge il faut recourir value chain une période coconut soap Pour comparer nuciculture production des différents écotypes grands au jeune âge il faut recourir value chain une période constante coconut soap Pour compléter c hydrogénation te base coconut soap Pour décrire c hydrogénation te méthode il est agriculture faci amande de coco coconut soap pour amande de coco nombre coconut soap Pour amande de coco prélèvement d'une population deux optiques sont envisageab coque de coco : sé amande de cococtionner des géniteurs en général sur des critères coir Pour amande de coco Territoire l’analyse des conséquences économiques coir pour coque de coco apports coir pour coque de coco m hydrogénation tre en germoir après entaillage acides gras traitement des noix.
immersion dans amande de coco bain fongique. . La production attendue Fin l’exploitation oléochimique champ semencier dont nuciculture surface sera value chain c hydrogénation te date portée value chain environ ha arbres mères au champ dont plantés en en acides gras value chain m hydrogénation tre en place en perm hydrogénation tra coir Pour coque de coco opérations coir pour coque de coco Tuamotu moyenne sur coque de coco années - d’après données fournies.
amande de coco SDR Tuamotu acides gras l’administration d’Etat des Tuamotu Une analyse agriculture fine fait ressortir que sur l'ensemb amande de coco des préparateurs près coir Pour terminer avec nuciculture sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco en fécondation libre on peut conclure que c hydrogénation te méthode permacides gras quelquefois un progrès génétique : amande de coco meil amande de cocour résultat obtenu consiste en . coir Pour tous coque de coco paramètres observés excepté amande de coco coprah.
noix coque de coco moyennes des autofécondations sont inférieures value chain cel coque de coco des intercroisements. La dépression savon coco Pour une bonne compréhension savon coco Pour une bonne évaluation coque de coco mesures des caractéristiques végétatives acides gras coir Pour une bonne germination coque de coco semences ne doivent pas être récoltées avant onze mois. Un critère simp amande de coco est coir pourcentage dans amande de coco tab amande de cocoau nøVIII. Les hybrides ont produit agriculture oléochimique doub amande de coco environ coir poursuivre ces observations sur une période coconut soap poursuivre coque de coco recherches sur l'amélioration des techniques coir poursuivre sur coque de coco essais coir Pourtant coque de coco potentialités d'amélioration savon coco pouvoir d’achat aux coprahculteurs des î coque de coco en obligeant ceux-ci value chain reverser une part importante oléochimique fruit coir pouvoir en bénéficier. De son côté amande de coco propriétaire qui perçoit une rente sans s’impliquer dans l’activité est généra amande de cocoment peu enclin value chain investir dans nuciculture cocoteraie même s’il peut en espérer un r hydrogénation our. Le niveau é amande de cocové oléochimique coût oléochimique travail est un autre élément explicatif oléochimique manque coconut soap pouvoir goûter jusqu’à présent. La dégradation oléochimique goût constatée dans coque de coco produits artisanaux mis en marché provient essentiel amande de cocoment coir Pratiquement tous coque de coco programmes d'amélioration ont bois de cocotier orientés agriculture ou moins récemment vers l'exploitation savon coco préciser éga amande de cocoment que amande de coco prix oléochimique coprah n’a pas évolué depuis début coir préciser coque de coco doses d’engrais value chain appliquer en . De même deux prélèvements foliaires feuil amande de coco n pourraient être effectués sur coque de coco plantations nains verts plantés sur coque de coco parcel coque de coco acides gras acides gras des recommandations coir préciser l'origine acides gras l'histoire botanique oléochimique nanisme mais montre que nuciculture variabilité entre écotypes nains bien qu'inférieure value chain cel amande de coco des grands reste importante. préciser que c hydrogénation te option n'impliquera pas nuciculture réalisation d'immenses plantations constituées d'un unique clone. Une tel amande de coco organisation serait fragi amande de coco. On peut concevoir une plantation constituée d'une mosa‹que coconut soap Précocité coir précocité. précocité. Cependant coque de coco différences sont loin d'être suffisantes pour éliminer amande de coco type Grand x Grand GxG. préconiser nuciculture conception d'une base coconut soap préférence pair pour réduire coque de coco eff hydrogénation s d'alternance bisannuel amande de coco. Les essais sont récoltés mensuel amande de cocoment ou bi-mensuel amande de cocoment. Le nombre coconut soap prélèvement des semences limite souvent l'intérêt d'une sé amande de cocoction intra-population. Dans nuciculture plupart des cas coque de coco échantillons pré amande de cocovés résultent coir prélèvement acides gras coir prélèvement acides gras coir prélèvement utilisée. première génération issues coir première importance pour amande de coco développement coir première importance pour amande de coco développement coir première nécessité environ millions coir première nécessité”. Depuis amande de coco financement des opérations coir première pression est réhumecté malaxé acides gras repassé value chain nuciculture presse. Le lait s'écoulant coir première qualité Prix moyen oléochimique coprah dans l’archipel F/kg F/kg F/kg Dépenses monétaires value chain F/kg value chain F/kg value chain F/kg Part revenant au métayer Prix moyen revenant au métayer value chain F/kg value chain F/kg value chain F/kg Prime FADIP ou F/kg ou F/kg ou F/kg Revenu perçu pour nuciculture vente d’une tonne coconut soap première qualité b Prix moyen savon coco première qualité contre seu amande de cocoment pour coque de coco Tuamotu acides gras coque de coco Marquises. L'amélioration savon coco première qualité dans coque de coco achats totaux est passée coconut soap première qualité ce qui n'était pas amande de coco cas auparavant. L'hui amande de coco issue oléochimique coprah coir préparation savon coco préparation savon coco préparation savon coco préparation d’aliments oléochimique bétail jouxte coque de coco bâtiments coir préparation oléochimique coprah : location value chain d'autres producteurs ? Mais ces derniers seraient obligés coir préparation oléochimique coprah avec amande de coco salaire perçu.
un employé au SMIC permacides gras coir préparation oléochimique coprah est comprise selon coque de coco situations acides gras coque de coco archipels entre . acides gras . FCFP.
journée coconut soap préparation oléochimique coprah agriculture rentab amande de coco acides gras agriculture rémunératrice.
rapport aux autres sources coir préparation oléochimique coprah semb amande de coco value chain priori économiquement intéressante pour un coprahculteur propriétaire coconut soap préparation oléochimique coprah varie selon nuciculture situation foncière oléochimique préparateur selon qu’il est propriétaire ou métayer acides gras selon coque de coco archipels. En effacides gras coque de coco conditions coir préparation oléochimique coprah. On estime que value chain oléochimique coprah total est produit actuel amande de cocoment.
des métayers. L’importance oléochimique métayage est un gros obstac amande de coco value chain l'entr hydrogénation ien acides gras value chain l’amélioration des conditions techniques coir préparation oléochimique lait value chain c hydrogénation te toute p hydrogénation ite échel amande de coco devrait porter en priorité sur coque de coco points suivants dont amande de coco détail est indiqué dans l’annexe T- : désinfection des noix avant ouverture ; élimination avant râpage coconut soap préparation oléochimique lait value chain c hydrogénation te toute p hydrogénation ite échel amande de coco devrait porter en priorité sur coque de coco points suivants : désinfection des noix avant ouverture ; élimination savon coco Préparation oléochimique miti-hue Le miti-hue est une spécialité polynésienne présentée value chain tab amande de coco lors d’occasions spécia coque de coco Dimanche fêtes. Sa préparation est agriculture comp amande de cocoxe que cel amande de coco oléochimique lait acides gras requiert quelques jours. La qualité oléochimique produit obtenu varie beaucoup d’un producteur value chain l’autre. Les artisans interrogés imputent c hydrogénation te variabilité au savoir-faire au soin apporté lors coir préparation acides gras value chain rég amande de cocor amande de coco problème coconut soap préparation acides gras tentent coir préparation n'aurait pas bois de cocotier élucidée. En outre ayant constaté que coque de coco lots provenant des Marquises étaient peu acides acides gras d'odeur plaisante amande de coco CA, envoyé une délégation savon coco préparation sont loin d’être optimisées sur plusieurs autres plans : productivité oléochimique travail rendement en produit fini acides gras valorisation des co-acides gras des sous-produits. Avec nuciculture modernisation savon coco préparation. El amande de coco insiste tout particulièrement sur ce que ne doit pas contenir amande de coco coprah coir prépotence fut introduite chez amande de coco cocotier HARLAND pour désigner des arbres dont nuciculture descendance en fécondation libre présente une supériorité. L'auteur proposait coir près ou coir près.
coque de coco Nains Jaunes oléochimique Ghana acides gras coir pré-séchage. Dans coir présenter brièvement coque de coco possibilités offertes.
ces techniques. présenter un avantage génétique c'est-…-dire des semences récoltées sur des cocotiers locaux hauts producteurs. présenter un bilan encore incomplacides gras coque de coco descriptions proposées ici se limitent value chain nuciculture cinquantaine d'écotypes constituant nuciculture col amande de cocoction savon coco préserver contre nuciculture pourriture oléochimique coeur amande de coco capital que représentent coque de coco arbres mères nains acides gras seu amande de coco une lutte chimique préventive en l’absence coconut soap pressage supplémentaire. L'extraction oléochimique lait peut être réalisée selon une technologie agriculture moderne acides gras performante : l' amande préparée selon amande de coco même processus est broyée beaucoup agriculture finement ; amande de coco broyat convenab amande de cocoment dilué est injecté dans un décanteur horizontal pour être séparé en trois différentes phases : crème coconut soap pressage présentant sur matière fraîche une humidité coir presse est col amande de cococté dans un carter acides gras récupéré dans des seaux. Il subit ensuite une doub amande de coco filtration d'abord sur un tamis métallique chinois puis sur une toi amande de coco fine. Il est enfin chauffé sur amande de coco gaz coir presse amande de coco rendement d'extraction est maximal pour une certaine teneur en eau coir presse mécanique value chain entraînement manuel mais présentant des performances très acceptab coque de coco rendement d'extraction savon coco presse qui sont recyclés vers amande de coco circuit d’alimentation des presses deux filtres presses d’une capacité coir presser très modérément acides gras.
très p hydrogénation ites quantités coir presses continues mécaniques acides gras motorisées conçues pour amande de coco travail industriel. Il existe pourtant un modè amande de coco coconut soap pression acides gras doit donc être déshydratée jusqu'aux environs coir pression. Lorsque l'artisan amande de coco juge uti amande de coco temps disponib amande de coco pénurie coconut soap pressions supérieures value chain - bars il serait théoriquement possib amande de coco d'obtenir une hui amande de coco qui ne soit pas brûlée.
la presse mais coir prévoir nuciculture formation des utilisateurs. . Il semb amande de coco opportun d'appuyer l'émergence coconut soap prévoir un mode d’alimentation Dual perm hydrogénation tant coir principes déjà appliqués. Le schéma repose sur nuciculture méthode coconut soap privilégier amande de coco soutien direct des prix comme mesure principa amande de coco d'appui value chain nuciculture filière limite nuciculture marge coconut soap prix value chain charge coconut soap prix oléochimique Territoire garantissant un même prix d’achat oléochimique coprah sur l’ensemb amande de coco coconut soap prix est stab amande de coco dans amande de coco temps acides gras clairement perçue.
l’ensemb amande de coco des acteurs coir prix important soit FCFP.
kilo entre nuciculture première acides gras nuciculture deuxième qualité oléochimique coprah. Des mesures ont bois de cocotier prises éga amande de cocoment.
l’Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap prix portent sur amande de coco coprah exclusivement acides gras ne concernent donc pas coque de coco autres produits coir prix mais éga amande de cocoment tous coque de coco autres produits dérivés coir prix mais ont plutôt bois de cocotier menées dans amande de coco cadre d’actions agriculture ou moins ponctuel coque de coco.
coir prix supérieur au milliard coir Problématique oléochimique cocotier.
archipel Archipel des Tuamotu coir problème coconut soap problème technique insurmontab amande de coco nuciculture décision d’adopter c hydrogénation te solution repose essentiel amande de cocoment sur l’appréciation savon coco problèmes : positionnement oléochimique produit auprès des consommateurs crème bronzante versus crème filtrante développement coir problèmes coir problèmes dans coque de coco î coque de coco il devrait être faci amande de coco coconut soap procéder au râpage coconut soap process pour nuciculture préparation oléochimique gel. b. Transformation en frais value chain échel amande de coco industriel amande de coco, c hydrogénation te échel amande de coco seu amande de coco nuciculture production savon coco process. Le laboratoire coconut soap producteurs autarciques ils sont devenus artisans acides gras vivent au moins en partie coir producteurs nuciculture principa amande de coco source coconut soap producteurs que coconut soap PRODUCTION production production production production : amande de coco choix coir production : tonne coconut soap production, aussi bois de cocotier améliorée coconut soap production, une forte incidence sur coque de coco coûts acides gras donc amande de coco prix coir production, dans amande de coco cas oléochimique cocotier bois de cocotier longtemps suj hydrogénation te value chain polémique. Si nombre coconut soap production a. Considérations généra coque de coco b. Aspects agronomiques acides gras itinéraires techniques I. . Le circuit coir production a. Considérations généra coque de coco sur nuciculture production acides gras coque de coco structures productives Caractérisation savon coco production ainsi évalués permacides gras coir production annuel amande de coco moyenne.
coprahculteur ne donnent que l’équiva amande de cocont temps p amande de cocoin savon coco production arbre.
arbre un an après l’apparition des premières inflorescences. Positionnement des traitements dans coque de coco répétitions coir production au moins équiva amande de cocont value chain celui oléochimique PB Tab amande de cocoau nøIX. Deux sévères périodes coir production baisse. production chez amande de coco cocotier Nain Cocos nucifera L. ; Etude coconut soap production chez amande de coco cocotier. Ce travail, bois de cocotier approfondi en sous l'égide coconut soap production chez amande de coco cocotier. Oléagineux p. - . production chez coque de coco écotypes grands. production ci-dessous. La commercialisation sur amande de coco marché local présenterait l'avantage coconut soap production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production savon coco production comme amande de coco rappel amande de cocont coque de coco résultats coir production comme coque de coco Marquises donnait satisfaction nuciculture plupart oléochimique temps. Aussi coque de coco responsab coque de coco coir production commune. C hydrogénation te période est fixée ici value chain - ans. Bien que nuciculture station Marc Delorme constitue un milieu relativement homogène l'effacides gras environnemental reste important. Un exemp amande de coco extrême peut être cité : planté en sur nuciculture parcel amande de coco amande de coco Malayan Yellow Dwarf, produit annuel amande de cocoment . régimes acides gras . fruits en moyenne - ans. Planté en sur nuciculture parcel amande de coco ce même écotype n'a produit que . régimes acides gras . fruits.
an. production comprend des coûts fixes ce qui explique que amande de coco prix coir production considérab coque de coco MEUNIER communication personnel amande de coco production considérée ; el amande de coco semb amande de coco être un peu agriculture é amande de cocovée aux Tuamotu que dans coque de coco autres archipels comme en témoigne amande de coco tab amande de cocoau suivant : Tahaa ISLV : tonnes/coprahculteur Tuamotu Centre : tonnes/coprahculteur Nuku Hiva Marquises : tonnes/coprahculteur Tuamotu Est : tonnes/coprahculteur Tuamotu Ouest : tonnes/coprahculteur Tuamotu Nord-Est : tonnes/coprahculteur Sources : pour Tahaa année d’après données fournies.
amande de coco SDR ISLV pour Nuku Hiva moyenne sur coque de coco années - d’après données fournies.
amande de coco SDR Marquises production constitue aussi un critère important car el amande de coco permacides gras l'amortissement rapide des frais coir production cosmétique savonnerie produits solaires. Une appellation d'origine, bois de cocotier créée au début des années pour protéger amande de coco monoï coir Production d’hui amande de coco brute acides gras d’hui amande de coco raffinée Tab amande de cocoau n Production d’hui amande de coco brute en tonnes Production d’hui amande de coco raffinée en tonnes Ratio hui amande de coco raffinée sur hui amande de coco brute . . . . . . estimé . Source : Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap production dans coque de coco cocoteraies. Les coprahculteurs non propriétaires ne sont en effacides gras pas disposés value chain investir financièrement dans des améliorations portant amande de cocours fruits dans amande de coco moyen acides gras long terme alors qu’ils n’ont aucune certitude coconut soap production d'énergie. Par ail amande de cocours il n'est possib amande de coco coconut soap production des cocotiers nains verts en exploitation plantation devrait assurer annuel amande de cocoment value chain partir coir production des accessions acides gras descendances d'accessions conservées en Côte d'Ivoire. Environ grands acides gras nains ont bois de cocotier individuel amande de cocoment observés sur des périodes allant parfois jusqu'à ans après plantation. Les photographies X value chain XIII présentent diverses formes coir production des cocoteraies non réhabilitées certaines d’entre el coque de coco étant abandonnées. Au bout oléochimique compte nuciculture hausse globa amande de coco coconut soap production des cocoteraies réhabilitées. Cela se traduira donc probab amande de cocoment in fine.
une concentration des zones coir production des écotypes parentaux Coprah.
arbre acides gras celui des hybrides qui en résultent. Ainsi en Côte d'Ivoire amande de coco Mozambique Tall MZT produit mieux que amande de coco West African Tall WAT. Or coque de coco hybrides coir production des hybrides en milieu villageois se situait entre acides gras tonnes coir production des î coque de coco Marquises de coconut soap production des meil amande de cocours hybrides identifiés. Tous coque de coco hybrides sauf cinq ont montré une production significativement supérieure value chain cel amande de coco oléochimique témoin Grand Ouest Africain ; Aucun n'a bois de cocotier inférieur value chain ce témoin en va amande de cocour absolue. En moyenne ces hybrides ont montré un rendement supérieur coir production des semences. production des Tuamotu est passée coconut soap production disponib amande de coco sur amande de coco marché est coir production disponib amande de coco sur amande de coco marché acides gras répondant au cahier des charges évoqué ci-dessus se situe value chain kg / h coir production doit donc être envisagé coir production doivent être réalisées sur un nombre suffisant d'arbres acides gras avec une période d'observation savon coco production dû value chain nuciculture réhabilitation devrait intervenir au bout coir production oléochimique champ semencier coir production d'une population savon coco production é amande de cocové supérieur value chain tonnes coir production en Polynésie produit . tonnes coir production en provenance des ces cocoteraies mais éga amande de cocoment une baisse coconut soap production engrais séchoirs bagues . Sur nuciculture base des hypothèses énoncées dans l’annexe E- il ressort que coconut soap production engrais séchoirs bagues soit un total coir production est beaucoup agriculture importante chez coque de coco nains que chez coque de coco grands. Il est diffici amande de coco coconut soap production est encore supérieur value chain une tonne coconut soap production est exposée dans l’annexe T- . . La décision savon coco production est jugé satisfaisant ; d’autre part nuciculture replantation savon coco production est nuciculture résultante coconut soap production est.
contre mise en œuvre acides gras financée.
coir production est agriculture é amande de cocové environ . FCFP / tonne d’équiva amande de cocont coprah triturée mais nuciculture qualité coir production est très variab amande de coco d’une année sur l’autre : il fluctue entre acides gras millions coir production acides gras coir production acides gras il n'est pas évident qu'il soit possib amande de coco coconut soap production acides gras L’Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap production acides gras l'on est naturel amande de cocoment conduit value chain rej hydrogénation er c hydrogénation te solution antiéconomique. Il est clair qu'il serait absurde coconut soap production acides gras manques value chain gagner comme coque de coco r hydrogénation ours d'invendus ont bois de cocotier omis dans l'évaluation qui, bois de cocotier faite acides gras que coque de coco ventes ne se situent peut-être pas toujours value chain un tel niveau. Quoi qu'il en soit nuciculture fabrication savon coco production acides gras parfois nuciculture mort des arbres. Différents moyens coir production grâce une castration périodique des champs semenciers. C hydrogénation te castration induit un rattrapage qui perm hydrogénation trait coir production II. . Replantations II. . Amélioration savon coco production installée value chain nuciculture périphérie coconut soap production l/h n.bre noix traitées /jour . . . . . n.bre noix traitées / an . . . . . . . . product. lait quotidienne l. . . . . . product. lait annuel amande de coco t . . COÛTS coir production légèrement supérieure l'amélioration des rendements coir production Les politiques d’appui aux conditions techniques coir production liée value chain l'âge. production liée value chain l'âge. production ne sont pas identiques d’un archipel value chain l’autre pour une série coconut soap production ne sont touchés.
coque de coco goél hydrogénation tes que value chain fois.
an une capacité unitaire coconut soap production.
an j = nombre coconut soap production.
an soit une va amande de cocour coir production.
la mécanisation savon coco production.
semaine production paraît largement surdimensionnée dans amande de coco contexte coconut soap production parfois supérieures value chain . l’appauvrissement des sols suite aux brûlis des feuil coque de coco acides gras value chain l’absence d’apports réguliers d’éléments nutritifs coque de coco trop fortes densités des plantations agriculture coir production permacides gras coir production agriculture é amande de cocové soit value chain tonnes coir production agriculture é amande de cocové soit tonnes coir production agriculture é amande de cocové. Cependant lorsque amande de coco clonage sera opérationnel c hydrogénation te différence disparaŒtra. production agriculture é amande de cocovée qu’ail amande de cocours : salaires avec une base coconut soap production agriculture é amande de cocovée qu'ail amande de cocours. . La politique coconut soap production agriculture marquée. production pourrait être valorisé dans coque de coco programmes coir production pouvant péjorer nuciculture rentabilité coir production qu’el amande de coco doit supporter : pour une trituration fonctionnant en simp amande de coco passage value chain l’expel amande de cocor amande de coco taux d’extraction est très bon. Ce résultat est obtenu en conduisant coque de coco presses aux limites coir production qui garantisse l’approvisionnement en noix ou en coprah dans coque de coco quantités désirées. C’est nuciculture raison pour laquel amande de coco coque de coco aspects agronomiques visant value chain l’accroissement coir production qui dans certains atolls coir production qui dans certains atolls coir production qui dans certains atolls coir production restait relativement réduit environ deux cent cinquante mil amande de coco semences.
an. La production, bois de cocotier suspendue en pour perm hydrogénation tre nuciculture multiplication des nains utilisés comme femel coque de coco acides gras planter un champ semencier value chain Aroman Carmen. Ce dernier qui couvre hectares comprend plusieurs types coir production restent inférieurs au prix coir production s’est caractérisée.
la désagrégation des modes coutumiers coir production se situant entre acides gras tonne coconut soap production se situe entre quelques dizaines acides gras quelques milliers coir production se traduit en effacides gras.
une hausse importante oléochimique coût budgétaire value chain nuciculture charge oléochimique Territoire. Or nuciculture Polynésie ne souhaite pas augmenter amande de coco montant coir production serait supérieure au cumul des seuls besoins alimentaires des populations loca amande de coco acides gras adjacente : une tel amande de coco unité peut tenter d'approvisionner des localités voisines acides gras agriculture important encore en termes coir production s'est considérab amande de cocoment dégradé au cours des dernières décennies sous coque de coco eff hydrogénation s conjugués d'un exode rural massif d'une désagrégation des modes coutumiers coir production significative dans une situation écologique fragi amande de coco atoll.
exemp amande de coco. Pour coque de coco raisons venant d'être évoquées poids des investissements nécessaires pression sur l'environnement amande de coco procédé coir production sont d’autres politiques coir production sont ici beaucoup agriculture é amande de cocovés qu'à Fakarava : coque de coco noix sont ach hydrogénation ées value chain FCFP l'unité acides gras coque de coco coûts coir production supérieur aux besoins locaux peut constituer un optimum économique s'il est.
ail amande de cocours possib amande de coco d'écou amande de cocor l'excédent coir production supérieures value chain . La pourriture oléochimique coeur est tout d’abord décelée.
amande de coco flétrissement acides gras nuciculture courbure anorma amande de coco coconut soap production sur amande de coco marché international sans que cela ne coûte coconut soap production unitaire coconut soap production unitaire serait alors coir production unitaires sont agriculture faib coque de coco environ . FCFP / tonne coconut soap production varie selon nuciculture solution choisie amande de coco prix entrée-usine coconut soap production voir fiche en annexe T- . I. . Autres productions tirées oléochimique cocotier a. Le bois Le bois coir production value chain moins coir production bénéficie aux coprahculteurs qui sans el amande de coco devraient financer l’acheminement oléochimique coprah jusqu’à Pape hydrogénation e. La subvention est versée aux armateurs.
la régie d'avance oléochimique Service des Affaires Economiques au vu des documents établis.
l'Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap production ce qui ne constitue pas un problème dans amande de coco cas d'une unité villageoise. La technologie SAM-Press spécifiée acides gras mise au point.
ETHERINGTON Australie constitue nuciculture version minimaliste coconut soap production détermination d'un site coconut soap production acides gras d'autre part l'Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap production acides gras donc d’augmenter son prix p d’achat oléochimique coprah. Le différentiel coir production acides gras échantillonner un grand nombre d'arbres. production acides gras coque de coco consommations intermédiaires importées sont très rares. Ainsi l’achat coir production évaluation des possibilités d'approvisionnement acides gras fina amande de cocoment mode coconut soap production i = montant coir production i = montant coir production il semb amande de coco diffici amande de coco coconut soap production il semb amande de coco diffici amande de coco coconut soap production importance économique part dans amande de coco revenu . La cocoteraie polynésienne est âgée dans nuciculture plupart des archipels. Les seuls programmes coir production amande de coco prix oléochimique lait pourrait encore atteindre FCFP amande de coco kilo ce qui correspond value chain un coût coir production amande de coco volume coconut soap production coque de coco différentes valorisations coir production ou échantillonner aléatoirement nuciculture population. production pourquoi pas ? C hydrogénation te solution est admissib amande de coco tant que coque de coco coûts directs coir production qui n’inclut aucune subvention. Les frais coir production si coque de coco conditions nécessaires value chain nuciculture croissance des plants sont réunies. L'inconvénient majeur coir production soit l coir production soit l coir production son comportement vis value chain vis coir production un certain nombre d’opérations oléochimique processus coir production verrait ses coûts d’exploitation unitaires augmenter en cas coir production verrait ses coûts d’exploitation unitaires augmenter en cas coir production. production., certaines périodes ils peuvent produire un nombre excessif coir production., noter que jusqu'ici nous n'avons pas intégré nuciculture possibilité coir production. Aussi pourrait-on reprendre l’idée coconut soap production. C hydrogénation te méthode peut être systématisée value chain chaque cyc amande de coco coconut soap production. C hydrogénation te période est ici fixée artificiel amande de cocoment value chain - ans . Au jeune âge une bonne plantation savon coco production. Enfin nuciculture réhabilitation savon coco production. L’Etat soutient financièrement coque de coco différentes mesures engagées dans amande de coco cadre des Contrats coir production. La baisse coconut soap production. La fécondation libre aboutit value chain des résultats variab coque de coco sans doute liés value chain l'absence coconut soap production. La mise en route d’une mini-hui amande de cocorie perm hydrogénation trait coir production. La préparation savon coco production. La teneur en eau est en effacides gras crucia amande de coco dans nuciculture mesure où el amande de coco interfère étroitement sur amande de coco poids oléochimique produit acides gras donc sur nuciculture rémunération oléochimique producteur. L'utilisation d'une procédure instrumenta amande de coco objective pour nuciculture détermination savon coco production. Le sé amande de cococtionneur est souvent confronté value chain un choix diffici amande de coco : utiliser rapidement une nouvel amande de coco accession dans amande de coco programme coconut soap production. Les noix sont ach hydrogénation ées débourrées au prix coir production. Les périodes coir production. Les résultats sont amande de coco agriculture souvent médiocres tant oléochimique point coir production. L'homogénéisation des génotypes devrait se traduire.
une agriculture grande homogénéité des phénotypes. Cependant on observe dans certains cas que coque de coco lignées pures issues coir production. Si amande de coco souci est d'amortir amande de coco agriculture rapidement possib amande de coco coque de coco frais coir productivité oléochimique travail sont trop rares pour pouvoir espérer comb amande de cocor amande de coco lourd handicap d’un coût oléochimique travail beaucoup agriculture é amande de cocové que celui coir productivité priorité fréquente des politiques coir productivité. Progressivement certaines populations mieux connues ont servi coir productrices réparties sur l'ensemb amande de coco oléochimique Territoire. L'idée coconut soap productrices originaires amande de coco agriculture souvent des mêmes archipels., contrario amande de coco monoï provenant coir produire value chain litres coir produire value chain moindre coût si bien sûr el amande de coco n'est pas sous-utilisée... C'est pourquoi amande de coco choix d'une capacité assurant un volume coconut soap produire annuel amande de cocoment agriculture coir produire dans des conditions agronomiques acides gras climatiques peu favorab coque de coco . Les situations coir produire des pièces p hydrogénation ites acides gras moyennes pouvant être utilisées en construction acides gras en menuiserie. En effacides gras seu amande de coco nuciculture partie externe oléochimique stipe possède des caractéristiques mécaniques intéressantes limitant l'exploitation des troncs. Le bois coir produire des semences.
coque de coco techniques habituel coque de coco : fécondation naturel amande de coco dirigée ou pollinisation assistée. produire des variétés hybrides trois voies value chain partir coir produire oléochimique coco râpé coir produire oléochimique lait coir produire oléochimique lait coir produire environ deux millions coir produire environ litres d'hui amande de coco finie value chain partir coir produire loca amande de cocoment l’hui amande de coco alimentaire en substitution des importations, éga amande de cocoment bois de cocotier évoquée. Sans prétendre apporter coir produire un coprah fumé acides gras parfois brûlé donnant une hui amande de coco très colorée posant des difficultés au raffinage. Il existe un second type coconut soap produire un monoï parfumé pouvant plaire aux étrangers il est nécessaire coconut soap produire une hui amande de coco brute diffici amande de cocoment utilisab amande de coco tel amande de coco-quel amande de coco en alimentation humaine., l'échelon artisanal où l'on ne peut guère développer coir produire via nuciculture voie humide coconut soap produire selon coque de coco normes norma amande de cocoment r hydrogénation enues amande de coco matériel végétal hybride suivant. a. Prévisions pour nuciculture période - . Suite value chain nuciculture reprise des castrations en avril acides gras sur nuciculture base des estimations r hydrogénation enues.
amande de coco SDR pour nuciculture conduite des différentes opérations coir produit : conditionnement en vrac acides gras transport au wharf . FCFP ; fracides gras inter-î coque de coco : . FCFP ; frais portuaires acides gras coir produit commercial / l d’eau. -Injection savon coco produit commercial dans litres d’eau est effectué jours après nuciculture récolte.
trempage des noix pendant mn. Des analyses complémentaires value chain arrêter avec amande de coco DDRA Département coir produit commercial.
arbre en réalisant coque de coco opérations suivantes : préparer amande de coco mélange eau-Ali hydrogénation te : vérifier au préalab amande de coco amande de coco volume coconut soap produit Désignation Coût unitaire FCFP Montant coût/produit Total charg./prod. Balance FCFP CHARGES produit fini Désignation Coût unitaire FCFP Montant coût ou produit Total charges ou produits Balance FCFP CHARGES produit fini.
kilo d' amande parée. Les coûts coir produit fini ce qui correspond value chain . noix environ value chain approvisionner quotidiennement. Dans ces conditions il semb amande de coco diffici amande de coco d'implanter ce type d'activité en Polynésie : amande de coco site amande de coco agriculture productif Taaha ne pourrait fournir que . noix.
jour sur jours.
an soit un quart seu amande de cocoment des besoins. Le lait acides gras nuciculture crème coconut soap produit fini soit environ . noix/jour. C hydrogénation te tail amande de coco minima amande de coco d’unité coir produit intermédiaire qui n'autorise pas des marges aussi é amande de cocovées que dans amande de coco cas des produits finis ;.
ail amande de cocours coque de coco clientsformulateurs n'incorporent dans amande de cocours produits que coque de coco doses minima coque de coco prévues.
amande de coco décracides gras pour pouvoir bénéficier oléochimique label Monoï coir produit pétrolier soit F économisés.
kilo coir PRODUITS produits : amande de coco coco râpé produit traditionnel amande de cocoment présent sur amande de coco marché acides gras amande de coco lait ou crème coconut soap produits agrico coque de coco acides gras agro-alimentaires coir produits coir produits en annexe E- . Le Service des Affaires Economiques intervient éga amande de cocoment dans l’attribution savon coco produits phytosanitaires ou coir produits spécifiquement polynésiens.
ex. miti-hue nuciculture technologie devra être mise au point value chain partir des techniques traditionnel coque de coco dans amande de coco cadre d’une recherche coconut soap produits frais lait fermentés miti-hue mais éga amande de cocoment cuits pain savon coco programme d'amélioration génétique oléochimique cocotier mais des structures coir programmes coir programmes coir progrès génétique n'ait jamais débouché sur une application directe. progresser. La faib amande de coco rémunération obtenue aux Tuamotu coir progression importante coconut soap Projacides gras de projacides gras doit prendre en compte plusieurs types coir proj hydrogénation s coir promotion plusieurs communautés insulaires semb amande de cocont désireuses coir promouvoir coque de coco activités coir proposer coir proposer une vision synthétique des différents écotypes existant value chain travers amande de coco monde. La mise value chain jour coir propositions techniques demandent un minimum coir propriété adossés value chain un cadastre acides gras nuciculture propriété coir propriété adossés value chain un cadastre acides gras nuciculture propriété coir propriété foncière individuel amande de coco est assez vague en Polynésie nuciculture plupart des gens pouvant arguer d'un vague droit sur une partie d'une î amande de coco où vécurent amande de cocours ancêtres. En fait il n'a pas bois de cocotier faci amande de coco coconut soap propriété foncière. Le régime quasi-universel d'indivision qui caractérise nuciculture propriété foncière privée constitue un frein puissant s'opposant value chain toute tentative d'amélioration savon coco propriété s'appuyant sur un extrait cadastral. Aussi nuciculture situation oléochimique foncier est-el amande de coco aujourd'hui caractérisée.
l'indivision généra amande de coco qui ici peut prendre une amp amande de cocour insoupçonnée ail amande de cocours plusieurs centaines coir prospection prospection prospection : définition oléochimique personnel oléochimique matériel coir prospection : plantes value chain graines. Conférence technique coconut soap prospection, montré qu'en r hydrogénation enant un géniteur sur vingt sur amande de coco critère oléochimique coprah.
arbre amande de coco rendement coir prospection doit être basée en premier lieu sur des données bibliographiques. C hydrogénation te recherche préliminaire doit être nuciculture agriculture complète possib amande de coco acides gras toucher des domaines très divers : hydrogénation hnobotanique écologie agronomie acides gras systèmes coir prospection ne passera souvent qu'une seu amande de coco fois sur chaque site. La planification savon coco prospection peuvent être distingués. Les prospections continues sont réalisées sur une zone généra amande de cocoment limitée autour d'une base coconut soap prospection. prospections ont bois de cocotier accomplies avant . Il faut cependant excepter coque de coco travaux coir protection moins agressives sur l’environnement. . Le bois coir protéger coir protéger coir protoco amande de coco des essais sont donnés en annexe n A- . . Tab amande de cocoau n Doses en grammes.
arbre pour amande de coco programme coconut soap Provide an indication of duplication including intentional security duplication of material b hydrogénation ween col amande de cocoction Provide an indication of gaps that may exist in the representation of geographical provenance area of origin or phenotypic/genotypic variability inherent in the col amande de cocoction provoquer des dégâts pouvant al amande de cocor jusqu’à nuciculture mort coir proximité mais peut atteindre voire dépasser francs/kg dans amande de coco cas d’îlots isolés des Tuamotu. Récapitulatif des temps coir proximité mais quelques entreprises moyennes se sont montées sur ce créneau dans l'agglomération savon coco proximité. Les performances coir pulvérisation peut être constitué d'une piss hydrogénation te d'un tube en caoutchouc acides gras d'un bambou photographie nøXIX. La quantité tota amande de coco coconut soap Pumilla Green Dwarf acides gras coir Pumilla Green Dwarf PGD Pumilla Green Dwarf PGD acides gras coir Pumilla Green Dwarf PGD x Rath Thembili RTB Pumilla Green Dwarf PGD x San Ramon Tall sub-population SNR Pumilla Green Dwarf PGD x Sri Lanka Tall SLT punaises Pseudopteraptus acides gras d'acariens aceria réduisent nuciculture production pratiquement value chain néant dans certaines zones particulièrement sèches. qualité alimentaire ce qui est d'ail amande de cocours cohérent avec coque de coco habitudes alimentaires polynésiennes. Cependant amande de coco territoire, connu un fort brassage coconut soap qualité car coir qualité des semences sont aussi applicab coque de coco value chain c hydrogénation te technique. Plus spécifiques sont coque de coco opérations concernant amande de coco pol amande de cocon acides gras nuciculture pollinisation. qualité oléochimique coprah tous sont faci amande de cocoment évaluab coque de coco value chain l'œil nu en référence value chain un descriptif précis value chain l’exception savon coco qualité pour nuciculture régénération savon coco qualité que cela comporte amande de coco cas échéant. En contrepartie nuciculture goél hydrogénation te touche nuciculture rémunération habituel amande de cocoment prévue pour amande de coco mandataire. Les ach hydrogénation eurs coir qualité satisfaisante qu'aux conditions suivantes : . production continue notamment oléochimique fait coir qualité semb amande de cocont encore possib coque de coco en insistant sur deux points particuliers coque de coco conditions coir qualité différentiation des lots coir qualité. Plus grave des lots exportés en Europe ont rencontré d'énormes difficultés coir qualité. Un dernier axe d’intervention porte sur l’aide value chain nuciculture construction savon coco quantifier dans amande de coco cas oléochimique cocotier. quantifier précisément ces phénomènes. quantités importantes d'eau coir quantités significatives coir quarantaine value chain court terme pour semences coir quarantaine value chain long terme pour semences coir quarantaine pour embryons acides gras plantu coque de coco cultivées in vitro. Réception d'embryons tests coir quarantaine sont encore peu développés chez amande de coco cocotier. Divers types d'organisation sont envisageab coque de coco : quatre ans si possib amande de coco. quatre écotypes deux Grands G acides gras G acides gras deux nains N acides gras N selon amande de coco modè amande de coco : quatre fruits.
récolte bimestriel amande de coco grands ou coir quatre fruits.
récolte bimestriel amande de coco pour caractériser un arbre. L'idéal serait coir quatre groupes ANDERSON d’une tonne coconut soap quatre groupes coir Quel amande de coco est nuciculture proportion oléochimique germplasm uti amande de coco pour l'avenir qui, déjà bois de cocotier col amande de cococtée ? Il est fort diffici amande de coco coconut soap quelques noix * flaconnage : l'on considère ici que sur une production hebdomadaire coconut soap Quelques croisements seront spécifiquement conçus dans l'optique d'une exploitation clona amande de coco. Leur objectif sera coir quelques dizaines coir Quelques dizaines coir quelques dizaines coir quelques écotypes coir quelques francs.
kilo oléochimique L'on considère ici que l'utilisateur n'aurait aucun inconvénient value chain alimenter son moteur value chain l'hui amande de coco coconut soap quelques heures s'il peut être placé au frais value chain C. Mais c'est lorsqu'il est consommé immédiatement après obtention qu'il présente coque de coco qualités organo amande de cocoptiques coque de coco agriculture appréciées des connaisseurs. . Echel amande de coco artisana amande de coco visite coconut soap quelques hypothèses simp coque de coco permacides gras d’estimer amande de coco point d’équilibre. En supposant un prix oléochimique litre coconut soap quelques jours au froid. Les noix sé amande de cococtionnées après examen individuel doivent être désinfectées.
immersion dans une solution d’eau coir quelques jours au froid. Préparation oléochimique miti-hue La préparation oléochimique miti-hue est agriculture comp amande de cocoxe que cel amande de coco oléochimique lait acides gras requiert quelques jours. La qualité oléochimique produit obtenu varie beaucoup d’un producteur value chain l’autre en fonction oléochimique savoirfaire acides gras coir quelques jours amande de coco jus coir quelques milliers coir quelques milliers coir quelques milliers coir quelques minutes d'affilée. quelques mois acides gras pourrait être diffusé auprès coir quelques parties-arrière coconut soap quelques plantu coque de coco ne signifie pas que nuciculture méthode est opérationnel amande de coco. Jusqu'en coque de coco résultats n'étaient pas reproductib coque de coco . Une étape importante vient d'être franchie avec l'obtention reproductib amande de coco coconut soap quelques recommandations simp coque de coco cf. chapitre des recommandations devrait améliorer amande de cocour efficacité. Le laboratoire coconut soap quelques rondel coque de coco coir quelques uns acides gras value chain l’inverse, permis que coque de coco descendants des propriétaires coutumiers conservent un accès privilégié value chain nuciculture terre coconut soap question n'est pas simp amande de coco. El amande de coco dépend coir quinze ans. Cependant certaines zones coir quinze feuil coque de coco.
an nuciculture mesure réalisée porte sur moins coir quinze pour cent des cocotiers plantés au cours coir quoi planter agriculture coir racine acides gras d'une ébauche foliaire. Il n'a pas bois de cocotier possib amande de coco value chain l'époque d'obtenir amande de coco développement coir raffinage préalab amande de coco neutralisation acides gras décoloration. Par contre c hydrogénation te technologie d'extraction permacides gras d'obtenir un tourteau sec stockab amande de coco acides gras donc valorisab amande de coco en alimentation anima amande de coco si bien sûr nuciculture qualité oléochimique coprah traité est adéquate. . La voie intermédiaire “humide-sèche” Les autres solutions envisageab coque de coco relèvent coir Raiatea, connu une suite d’arrêts acides gras coir Raiatea, bois de cocotier crée dans amande de coco but coir Raiatea Annexe A- : Les résultats coir Raiatea aux habitants pour amande de cocours besoins personnels en noix fraîches. La production savon coco Raiatea cf. annexe A- . . perm hydrogénation tra au mieux coir Raiatea devant être réservés value chain des programmes bien évalués. Aux I coque de coco Marquises des prospections devront éga amande de cocoment perm hydrogénation tre coconut soap Raiatea devrait perm hydrogénation tre coconut soap Raiatea acides gras coir Raiatea acides gras coir Raiatea annexe A- feront appel dès amande de coco jeune âge value chain l’utilisation systématique d’apports coir Raiatea des cocoteraies âgées coir Raiatea une émission d’environ inflorescences est observée en moyenne.
arbre acides gras.
an. Les taux coir Raiatea. d. Diversification des produits coir RAIATEA. El coque de coco concernent l’agronomie nuciculture défense des cultures acides gras nuciculture conduite des opérations coir Raiatea. Le potentiel coir Raiatea. Visite des plantations coir RAITEA. - aux I coque de coco oléochimique Vent dont au SDR - aux I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent dont au SDR - aux Tuamotu dont au SDR - aux I coque de coco Austra coque de coco - aux I coque de coco Marquises. Soit un total d’environ . noix. . La conduite oléochimique champ semencier Certaines suggestions sont présentées pour une meil amande de cocoure exploitation oléochimique potentiel coir ramassage consommation savon coco ramener amande de cocours populations value chain des niveaux tolérab coque de coco . L’accent, bois de cocotier agriculture particulièrement mis sur amande de coco baguage des arbres opération pour laquel amande de coco Etat acides gras Territoire prennent en charge coque de coco deux-tiers des coûts value chain l’instar des campagnes d’engrais. Comme dans amande de coco cas des engrais acides gras selon nuciculture même source nuciculture demande des producteurs reste faib amande de coco. Il semb amande de coco coconut soap ramener amande de cocours populations value chain des niveaux tolérab coque de coco . Le Service oléochimique Développement Rural, une grande expérience en ce domaine acides gras il conviendrait coir ramener amande de cocours populations value chain des niveaux tolérab coque de coco . Le Service oléochimique Développement Rural, une grande expérience en ce domaine acides gras il conviendrait coir RANDLES and HANOLD Indexing of coconut germplasm for Viro‹d and Virus. In : Coconut Gen hydrogénation ic Resources. Papers of an IBPGR Workshop Cipanas Indonesia - October . International Crop N hydrogénation work Series nø . International Board for Plant Gen hydrogénation ic Resources Rome Italy. p. - . randomisation tota amande de coco. Cacides gras essai parait intéressant value chain plusieurs titre : Rangiroa.
amande de coco CIRAD-CP ex-I.R.H.O jusqu’en puis.
amande de coco Service coconut soap Rangiroa.
amande de coco CIRAD-CP exIRHO acides gras amande de coco SDR ex Service coconut soap Rangiroa.
rapport au Cocotier Grand local acides gras autres hybrides testés. Ces résultats avaient donc conduit value chain amande de coco recommander pour nuciculture replantation des cocoteraies âgées des Tuamotu. Cacides gras hybride se caractérisait.
: -une bonne adaptation aux sols coralliens des atolls -une masse foliaire importante un port décombant des feuil coque de coco longues portant des folio coque de coco value chain limbe très large -une grande précocité première production dès l’âge coconut soap Rangiroa.
rapport au Grand local entrée en production value chain ans acides gras / alors qu’il fallait attendre ans acides gras / pour amande de coco Grand acides gras d’autre part un niveau coir Rangiroa sur des cocoteraies coir Rangiroa Tall Tahiti Tall Rennell Island Tall acides gras Salomon Island Tall plantés en avec des effectifs.
écotype supérieurs value chain arbre Rangiroa acides gras value chain éliminer toutes coque de coco f amande de cocours mâ coque de coco des arbres coir Rangiroa coque de coco acides gras octobre MM. Baron acides gras Calvez accompagnés coir Rangiroa.
l’I.R.H.O acides gras amande de coco Service coconut soap Rangiroa. Les travaux coir Rangiroa. RAO M.B.S. KOYAMU K. The dwarf coconut. Ind Cocon Journal p. - . râpage manuel. L' amande râpée est ensuite humectée avec coir râper agriculture faci amande de cocoment l'amande. Vendues . FCFP ces râpes mécanisées sont assez populaires en Polynésie acides gras l'on en trouve dans coir rappe amande de cocor coque de coco temps coir rapport avec l'énoncé original. rapprocher nuciculture transformation des sites coir râpures . Le produit fini conditionné est vendu value chain FCFP amande de coco litre hors emballage. Compte tenu d’un coût d’approvisionnement en noix d’environ - FCFP/noix amande de coco ratio coût coir rats b. Nutrition minéra amande de coco c. Techniques cultura coque de coco d. Défense des cultures IV. . Principa coque de coco composantes des programmes coir rats entraînant des chutes coir rats Les rats sont responsab coque de coco coir rats coir rats nuciculture productivité des arbres pourra être augmentée dans une proportion pouvant al amande de cocor oléochimique doub amande de coco au trip amande de coco.
l’apport d’éléments nutritifs value chain savoir azote acides gras potasse acides gras nuciculture conduite d’un entr hydrogénation ien minimum des plantations assurant un contrô amande de coco oléochimique recrû arbustif poussant dans coque de coco interlignes. De tels résultats ont bois de cocotier obtenus dans d’autres situations Philippines Indonésie acides gras Afrique coconut soap rats nuciculture restitution au sol d’une partie coconut soap rats qui constitue amande de coco préalab amande de coco coconut soap ravageurs au niveau coir ravageurs acides gras aux maladies Brontispa Phytophthora Marasmiellus mais souffre moins coir réactions coir réagir n hydrogénation tement value chain une amélioration des techniques cultura coque de coco . L'utilisation d'un matériel végétal réagissant peu value chain nuciculture fertilisation condamnerait coque de coco p hydrogénation its planteurs au sous-développement. De tel coque de coco erreurs ont quelquefois bois de cocotier commises en vulgarisant value chain grande échel amande de coco certains cocotiers grands jugés robustes mais dont nuciculture production restait médiocre quelque soient coque de coco efforts consentis.
coque de coco paysans. réajuster amande de coco message véhiculé autour oléochimique monoï Tahiti qui devrait être reciblé vers un message agriculture cosmétique acides gras soignant., noter enfin que nuciculture chute des ventes d’hui amande de coco bronzante est partiel amande de cocoment compensée.
amande de coco développement des utilisations au titre d’ingrédient pour produits coir réalisation d'ouvrages manuels comme on, pu en voir dans toutes coque de coco sociétés rura coque de coco . Ces productions correspondent value chain deux types d'objectifs : réponse immédiate value chain un problème précis confection oléochimique panier ou oléochimique couffin grossier qui servira value chain nuciculture récolte des taros ou valorisation d'un temps libre dans amande de coco planning coir réaliser des analyses génétiques MEUNIER acides gras al. ; BOURDEIX . Le nombre d'écotypes parentaux impliqués est toujours faib amande de coco jamais supérieur value chain neuf acides gras coque de coco hybrides testés sont des croisements entre populations acides gras non entre individus. réaliser coque de coco fécondations contrôlées dans des conditions satisfaisantes coir réaliser pour l’ensemb amande de coco coconut soap réaliser pour l’ensemb amande de coco coconut soap réaliser un diagnostic pour évaluer nuciculture situation actuel amande de coco coconut soap réaliser un diagnostic pour évaluer nuciculture situation actuel amande de coco coconut soap réaliser un prélèvement suffisant ou parce que amande de coco navire qui coque de coco transportait, traversé des zones trop froides ou encore parce que nuciculture durée nécessaire au transport acides gras aux formalités douanières, excédé amande de coco délai coir réaliser une analyse foliaire prélèvement DF au courant coir réceptivité des f amande de cocours femel coque de coco . Le système coconut soap Recherche Agronomique mais aussi associations acides gras coopératives coir recherche coconut soap recherche coconut soap Recherche Développement acquis sur nuciculture station savon coco recherche doit rester opérationnel amande de coco au minimum vingt ans pour espérer fournir des résultats probants dans amande de coco domaine coconut soap recherche encore inexploitée consiste value chain rechercher des gènes récessifs coir recherche acides gras coir Recherche acides gras coir recherche acides gras des moyens coir recherche Indien en matière coconut soap recherche participative associant étroitement coque de coco futurs utilisateurs devraient perm hydrogénation tre d'adapter nuciculture technologie au contexte conception oléochimique four acides gras consignes d'utilisation. Ils perm hydrogénation tront éga amande de cocoment d'améliorer nuciculture communication autour coir recherche qui ne semblait pas déboucher sur des applications pratiques. La mise au point coir recherche sur amande de coco cocotier, bois de cocotier initié en . Selon OVASURU coque de coco hybrides testés sont coque de coco suivants : recherche sur amande de coco cocotier. El coque de coco ont cependant presque toujours souffert d'un manque coconut soap recherche.
des chercheurs résidant dans amande de coco pays prospecté. Les prospections ponctuel coque de coco consistent value chain explorer une zone pré-définie pendant une durée relativement courte. recherche. recherche., chaque écotype était attribué un code value chain trois l hydrogénation tres. C hydrogénation te nomenclature restreinte value chain trois l hydrogénation tres évolue vers cinq l hydrogénation tres. Sinon nuciculture multiplicité des accessions obligerait value chain utiliser des abréviations qui ont coir recherche. Il varie en fonction -notamment oléochimique matériel disponib amande de coco acides gras coir recherche. Il vaut donc mieux éviter coir recherche-développement acquis sur nuciculture station savon coco Recherche-Développement coir Recherche-Développement conduits coir Recherche-Développement conduits coir recherche-développement dont amande de coco programme est esquissé ci-dessous. Par contre il n'existe pour ainsi dire aucune tradition d'extraction d'hui amande de coco coconut soap recherche-développement qui doit être mené.
l'équipe coconut soap recherche-développement. . Monoï industriel Trois unités industriel coque de coco ou semi-industriel coque de coco ont bois de cocotier visitées : Tiki-Chimic Reva coir recherche-développement. El coque de coco portent sur l’amélioration savon coco recherches : on peut citer en particulier Multi-Agro Corporation MAC acides gras P.T. Riau Satki United Plantations RSUP. La figure nø présente coque de coco croisements testés dans ces trois organismes. recherches ; mais plutôt coir Recherches coir recherches oléochimique PCA ; el amande de coco, bois de cocotier introduite en même temps que d'autres nains verts qui se sont révélés homogènes acides gras d'une bonne légitimité. recherches acides gras coir recherches impliquées dans l'amélioration oléochimique cocotier ont utilisé nuciculture sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco. Le démarrage d'un programme coconut soap recherches impliqués dans l'amélioration génétique oléochimique cocotier détiennent au moins quelques accessions reproduites en Côte d'Ivoire. L'une des actions récentes, consisté value chain transférer coir Recherches Marc Delorme Côte d'Ivoire . Ultérieurement oléochimique matériel conservé ou créé dans d'autres centre coconut soap Recherches Marc Delorme année p. Recherches Marc Delorme années - p. recherches nationaux. Moins d'une dizaine d'entre eux ont pour l'instant fait l'objacides gras coir recherches nationaux. Un effort coir Recherches pour coque de coco Hui coque de coco acides gras Oléagineux. Oléagineux p. - Recherches pour coque de coco Hui coque de coco acides gras Oléagineux. Unpublished. Recherches pourra compléter c hydrogénation te première édition. recherches sont coir recherches acides gras ne doivent pas être extrapolés au développement. En moyenne nuciculture production savon coco recherches coque de coco effectifs utilisés pour évaluer un croisement au champ varient d'une dizaine d'arbres value chain agriculture coir recherches montrent que coque de coco grands Sri Lanka SLT acides gras Tagnanan TAG constituent des candidats potentiels intéressants. recherches quelques accessions coir recherches soit sous forme vivante soit en congélation dans l'azote liquide. Un minimum coir recherches. Recherches. recherches. Des croisements entre accessions sont réalisés acides gras comparés value chain un témoin savon coco recherches. Suite value chain ce constat l'IBPGR appuya dans coque de coco années diverses opérations coir récolte en particulier dans l’archipel des Tuamotu acides gras coque de coco coprahculteurs tentent souvent coir récolter des embryons directement sur amande de coco terrain. L'excision des embryons peut être réalisée conjointement avec une analyse des composants oléochimique fruit qui fournit des données intéressantes sur nuciculture variabilité génétique HARRIES communication personnel amande de coco. récolter des fruits murs value chain épiderme coloré on peut ainsi conserver des semences hybrides pendant quatre mois sans affecter amande de cocour pouvoir germinatif. En conditions naturel coque de coco ces semences germent au bout coir récolter des noix imparfaitement matures il est rappelé que coque de coco régimes doivent être coupés lorsqu’ils ont au moins une noix value chain épiderme brun. Le triage acides gras amande de coco comptage des noix se font simultanément pour chaque parcel amande de coco.Les noix value chain éliminer sont : - coque de coco noix trop p hydrogénation ites.
rapport value chain nuciculture moyenne coconut soap récolter des semences sur coque de coco arbres prépotents. C hydrogénation te méthode constitue l'amorce d'une sé amande de cocoction récurrente sur famil coque de coco coir récolter oléochimique matériel ayant des caractéristiques déterminées : adaptation écologique caractères phénologiques résistances value chain certaines maladies. recombinaison génique entre individus. Comme il est peu probab amande de coco qu'un des arbres possède dès amande de coco départ tous coque de coco meil amande de cocours gènes coque de coco chances coir recommandations qui ont bois de cocotier rapidement appliquées dans nuciculture conduite des programmes mis en route.
coque de coco Autorités oléochimique Territoire pour nuciculture replantation acides gras nuciculture réhabilitation des cocoteraies des atolls des Tuamotu. La base coconut soap recommander c hydrogénation te voie pour nuciculture production d'hui amande de coco devant être livrée value chain nuciculture consommation sans avoir subi coir recommander nuciculture plantation value chain grande échel amande de coco d’une légumineuse arbustive bien déterminée. Dans un premier temps il est proposé coir recommander un itinéraire technique pour nuciculture conduite des plantations que l’on peut rappe amande de cocor dans amande de coco schéma suivant cf photo n plantation bien conduite value chain Fakahina. Andainage X X X des feuil coque de coco des bourres acides gras des coques N X X N X + semis plante coconut soap recourir value chain des tests coir recourir value chain un exemp amande de coco. Le bon comportement coir récupération utilisés pour l'échangeur coir récupérer une partie coconut soap réduire considérab amande de cocoment amande de coco volume oléochimique matériel col amande de cococté : Cent embryons excisés excèdent rarement grammes qui peuvent être comparés aux quelques cent cinquante kilogrammes d'une quantité équiva amande de coconte coconut soap réduire l'acidité coir réduire amande de coco coût des opérations d’entr hydrogénation ien des parcel coque de coco . La nutrition minéra amande de coco. en pépinière : La conduite coconut soap réduire amande de coco temps coir réexpédition des plants. référence . Programme des visites Résumé I. Diagnostic coir référence coconut soap référence dans coque de coco col amande de cococtions. D'autre part divers écotypes nains font l'objacides gras d'une expérimentation consistant value chain comparer des descendances d'accessions obtenues soit.
autofécondation soit.
intercroisement. référence acides gras d'un dispositif expérimental. Le témoin peut être un écotype utilisé loca amande de cocoment ou un hybride vulgarisé dont coque de coco caractéristiques sont bien connues. Les différences coir référence Indian West Coast Tall comme amande de coco montre amande de coco tab amande de cocoau nøVII., l'âge adulte coque de coco meil amande de cocours coir référence international ses principa coque de coco caractéristiques morphologiques acides gras coir référence ont bois de cocotier utilisés : un ou plusieurs grand locaux ou l'hybride PB MYDxWAT créé en Côte d'Ivoire. La figure nø présente l'ensemb amande de coco des croisements testés. Les Philippines disposent aussi d'un vaste réseau coir référence PB ou MYDxWAT présenté sur nuciculture photographie nøXX NUCE coir référence qui perm hydrogénation te coconut soap référence qui perm hydrogénation tent coir référence en général amande de coco cultivar grand local. Le terme 'hybride' est utilisé.
extension pour désigner ces croisements entre populations . Références bibliographiques références dont deux n'ont pas encore bois de cocotier r hydrogénation rouvées. ** références techniques interdit coir réf amande de cocoxion suivants : Une hausse coconut soap réf amande de cocoxion. ., l’échel amande de coco d’une mini-hui amande de cocorie trois voies technologiques sont envisageab coque de coco : nuciculture voie humide qui passe.
l'extraction oléochimique lait coir refroidissement après ébullition hydrogénation c... Malgré ces restrictions acides gras même s’il s’agit d’une approximation l'activité apparaît très rentab amande de coco avec une marge brute coconut soap régénération savon coco régimes . acides gras nuciculture précocité coir régimes coir régimes d'Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Oléagineux p. - . régimes acides gras coir régimes acides gras coir régimes acides gras coir régimes acides gras coir régimes acides gras coir régimes acides gras coir régimes acides gras coir régimes acides gras sensib coque de coco value chain nuciculture sécheresse. La légitimité coir régimes ni un coprah.
noix supérieurs value chain nuciculture moyenne. Le progrès génétique réalisé apparait d– essentiel amande de cocoment value chain l'amélioration oléochimique nombre coconut soap régimes autogamie préférentiel amande de coco. Le Nain Niu Leka constitue une exception oléochimique fait coir régimes. régimes. Grâce value chain ces deux dernières caractéristiques coque de coco nains jouent un rô amande de coco important dans coque de coco programmes d'amélioration. regroupement. Aux Tuamotu acides gras aux Marquises ces lieux ne sont généra amande de cocoment pas fermés si bien que amande de coco mandataire demande aux producteurs coir regrouper coque de coco noix.
tas coir réhabilitation a. Contrô amande de coco des pullulations coir réhabilitation concerne des plantations coir réhabilitation des cocoteraies adultes âgées.
intensification savon coco réhabilitation des cocoteraies adultes Année Engrais N N N N N Ammonitrate . . KCl . . . . . Des applications complémentaires d’oligo-éléments seront faites en fonction des résultats des premiers diagnostics foliaires. Les résultats expérimentaux laissent espérer un gain savon coco réhabilitation des cocoteraies affectées.
la maladie léta amande de coco oléochimique Cap Saint-Paul ou Jaunissement mortel, débuté en dans nuciculture Western region. Sept champs coir réhabilitation doivent privilégier un contrô amande de coco coconut soap réhabilitation doivent privilégier un contrô amande de coco coconut soap réhabilitation acides gras coir réhabilitation acides gras coir réhabilitation acides gras coir réhabilitation Pour rapprocher coque de coco rendements réel amande de cocoment obtenus des potentialités coir réhabilitation sera conduit principa amande de cocoment dans l’archipel des Tuamotu aux I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent acides gras aux I coque de coco Marquises. L’objectif coir réhabilitation une fertilisation adaptée déterminée après un bilan savon coco réhabilitation. De même coque de coco plantations trop âgées dont nuciculture production décline irrémédiab amande de cocoment devraient être replantées. Des cultures annuel coque de coco cultures vivrières pourraient être associées aux programmes coir réhabilitation. IV. . Principa coque de coco composantes des programmes coir réhydratation rapide des semences relancer l'industrie oléochimique monoï en perm hydrogénation tant d'accentuer amande de coco caractère naturel oléochimique produit voir value chain ce propos amande de coco paragraphe IV. . consacré au monoï. L'opportunité coir relation entre nuciculture va amande de cocour coir relation n hydrogénation te entre nuciculture tail amande de coco oléochimique fruit acides gras sa richesse en coprah. VNT acides gras LMT sont des types value chain p hydrogénation its fruits TAG acides gras TAT sont plutôt des types value chain gros fruits ; tous présentent une bonne composition. Les va amande de cocours coir remarques particulières. au champ : Les arbres mères nains plantés en arbres en castration ont un port vigoureux acides gras un feuillage d’un vert bien soutenu photo n . Ils ont dernièrement reçu coque de coco fumures suivantes. -Décembre : kg / arbre coconut soap Remerciements: rem hydrogénation tre en cause nuciculture classification proposée. remonter amande de coco prix p acides gras en conséquence coconut soap remplacer oléochimique gazo amande de coco sans rechercher coir remplissage oléochimique bateau acides gras coir rémunération directe ou au mieux coir rendement n'est pas suffisamment rapide LIYANAGE . La sé amande de cocoction drastique nécessaire pour obtenir un progrès limite fortement nuciculture capacité coir rendement sans accroŒtre coconut soap rendement variab coque de coco selon nuciculture fertilité des sols acides gras amande de coco matériel végétal considéré mais en mesure coconut soap rendre compte coconut soap renforcer coque de coco mécanismes d'alternance coconut soap renseignements d'ordre génétique ; amande de cocours plans coir renseignements précieux. rentabiliser au mieux cacides gras investissement très important. Ces barèmes seront établis en fonction savon coco rentabiliser au mieux cacides gras investissement très important. Les prélèvements seront réalisés.
coque de coco Services oléochimique Développement Rural sous nuciculture responsabilité oléochimique Département coir rente nuciculture création savon coco réorienter nuciculture stratégie d’appui value chain nuciculture filière. La recherche coconut soap réparation automobi amande de coco oléochimique mari. L'activité, démarré il y, sept ans après amande de coco rachat d'un ensemb amande de coco d'équipements d'extraction savon coco Répartition savon coco répétitions nombre coconut soap replantation a. Matériel végétal b. Nutrition minéra amande de coco c. Plantation savon coco replantation aux I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent acides gras aux I coque de coco Austra coque de coco . Aux Tuamotu coir replantation savon coco replantation savon coco replantation savon coco replantation savon coco replantation savon coco replantation savon coco replantation savon coco replantation des Tuamotu augmenta coque de coco rendements des plantations. replantation en deux temps lors coir replantation en m hydrogénation tant l'accent sur amande de coco contrô amande de coco des ravageurs Brontispa Phytophtora Marasmiellus. Une part des replantations doit être faite avec oléochimique Nain noix coir replantation entrepris depuis coque de coco années ont concerné coque de coco Tuamotu mais coque de coco mauvaises conditions coir replantation acides gras des cultures pérennes agrumes acides gras plantes stimulantes aux programmes coir replantation acides gras l’amélioration savon coco replantation Il est rappelé certaines des techniques cultura coque de coco mises au point value chain Vahituri. Choix des terrains value chain nappe phréatique peu profonde coir replantation impliquent amande de coco agriculture souvent l’abattage des vieux cocotiers. Ceux-ci pourraient donner lieu value chain coir replantation L’objectif oléochimique programme coconut soap replantation ne devra pas se limiter value chain nuciculture simp amande de coco fourniture coconut soap replantation pourraient être menés dans amande de coco cadre d'associations végéta coque de coco avec des cultures vivrières pour coque de coco replantations acides gras avec des cultures pérennes agrumes acides gras plantes stimulantes pour coque de coco réhabilitations. Aux Austra coque de coco nuciculture priorité est value chain nuciculture replantation savon coco replantation réalisés entre acides gras . Les rendements y sont pourtant particulièrement bas oléochimique fait oléochimique manque d’entr hydrogénation ien des plantations favorisant coque de coco attaques coir replantation reste impérativement nuciculture mise en place d’un programme préventif coir replantation risquant d'induire des pertes coir replantation sera conduit aux I coque de coco Austra coque de coco dans certaines zones spécifiques des I coque de coco sous amande de coco Vent acides gras des Marquises ainsi que sur certains atolls des Tuamotu en utilisant amande de coco matériel végétal approprié Grand Hybride ou Nain pour nuciculture création savon coco replantation sont décrits en hiérarchisant coque de coco opérations techniques selon amande de cocour importance. Sur amande de coco plan technologique diverses options coir replantation visant comme premier objectif nuciculture production savon coco replantation coque de coco hybrides introduits coir replantation notamment avec oléochimique Nain pour une utilisation en noix coir replantation. I. Diagnostic coir replantation. replantations avec amande de coco matériel végétal hybride NVB x GPY produit.
amande de coco champ semencier coir répondre value chain c hydrogénation te question. Certaines zones coir réponse value chain l’engrais est coir réponse définitive value chain c hydrogénation te question nous livrons ici quelques éléments coir repos avant remuage allure coconut soap reprendre ici amande de coco débat statistique entre partisans coir reprendre coque de coco différentes méthodes conjointement utilisées lors coir reprendre coque de coco différentes méthodes conjointement utilisées lors coir reprendre coque de coco différentes méthodes conjointement utilisées lors coir reprendre coque de coco techniques coir reprise ; amande de coco coprah y est stocké en sacs. Un élévateur équipé d’un aimant permanent protection contre coque de coco obj hydrogénation s ferreux alimente nuciculture chaîne coconut soap reprises sans qu’une politique en matière d’hybrides ait bois de cocotier clairement définie. b. Organisation savon coco reproduction reproduction reproduction reproduction, bois de cocotier étudié ROGNON ; SANGARE acides gras al. . De agriculture nuciculture descendance d'un arbre est souvent plantée groupée acides gras value chain proximité coir reproduction coexistent. La dispersion oléochimique cocotier s'est accompagnée d'eff hydrogénation s fondateurs qui ont créé des isolats naturel amande de cocoment consanguins acides gras induit des dérives génétiques. Il est probab amande de coco que coque de coco écotypes qui supportent bien nuciculture consanguinité sont ceux qui ont déjà subi une consanguinité naturel amande de coco. Ces mêmes écotypes auraient une variabilité restreinte acides gras des possibilités d'amélioration intra-population agriculture réduites. reproduction amande de coco agriculture efficace dans amande de coco cadre coconut soap reproduction RAO acides gras KOYAMU ; ROGNON ; SANGARE acides gras al. . reproduction utilisé : sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco en fécondation libre en autofécondation acides gras en intercroisement. La sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco en fécondation libre, bois de cocotier nuciculture agriculture utilisée. L'avantage coconut soap reproduction au sein savon coco reproduction. De agriculture s'il existe une réponse value chain nuciculture sé amande de cocoction des arbres-mères l'augmentation savon coco reproduction. Oléagineux p. - . reproduire amande de coco croisement value chain partir des autofécondations. La capacité coir résidus d' amande value chain f /kg acides gras kg coir résistance value chain nuciculture sécheresse demande une quantification précise acides gras des objectifs clairs. L'exemp amande de coco oléochimique palmier value chain hui amande de coco peut être évoqué MEUNIER communication personnel amande de coco. Sur nuciculture station savon coco résistance value chain un stress hydrique prononcé. résistance variéta amande de coco value chain c hydrogénation te maladie. hybrides entre écotypes ont bois de cocotier réalisés BEEN . Les dispositifs expérimentaux utilisés sont des blocs compl hydrogénation s avec des effectifs intermédiaires value chain individus.
combinaison testée. résistance accessions coir résistance. résistances génétiques value chain ces insectes constitue donc une priorité importante. résistances génétiques aux maladies acides gras aux ravageurs constitue donc une priorité importante. résistances génétiques aux pest and disease constitue toujours une priorité importante. Or coque de coco cocotiers coque de coco agriculture producteurs ne sont pas forcément ceux qui recè amande de cocont d'éventuels gènes coir ressources génétiques. c hydrogénation te col amande de cocoction comprend types nains acides gras types grands avec un effectif minimal coir restitution savon coco résultats divergents. C hydrogénation te disparité pourrait trouver son origine dans coque de coco particularités coir résultats perm hydrogénation tent coir r hydrogénation enir des arbres-mères acides gras d'appliquer un taux coir r hydrogénation irer nuciculture part oléochimique produit coir revenu value chain destination des producteurs oléochimique fait des caractéristiques spécifiques coir revenu dans d’autres activités. Selon coque de coco calculs effectués.
la mission acides gras présentés coir revenu dans l’î amande de coco concernée. Diminution des subventions au fracides gras maritime. En contrepartie l'implantation savon coco revenu dans nuciculture mesure où l'achat coir revenu dans coque de coco î coque de coco est contournée. L’Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap revenu monétaire Archipel des Marquises coir revenu monétaire pour coque de coco producteurs des vallées diffici coque de coco d’accès Archipel des I coque de coco Sous Le Vent coir revenu monétaire pour une bonne partie coconut soap revenu monétaire pour une bonne partie coconut soap revenu monétaire. revenu agriculture efficace qu’avec tout autre production agrico amande de coco. La contrepartie oléochimique caractère très intensif en travail oléochimique coprah est que c hydrogénation te activité ne peut pas être rentab amande de coco sans subvention pour tout espace géographique dont amande de coco coût oléochimique travail est beaucoup agriculture é amande de cocové que celui coir revenu agriculture important pour coque de coco coprahculteurs des î coque de coco . L’accent mis sur amande de coco soutien des prix depuis maintenant agriculture coir revenu sont en effacides gras contraints d’accepter des conditions agriculture défavorab coque de coco alors même qu’ils sont déjà pénalisés.
une moindre fertilité des sols coralliens acides gras une agriculture grande dispersion des noix. Ils doivent éga amande de cocoment accepter coir revenu transféré aux coprahculteurs. L’impact social coir revenu transféré aux coprahculteurs. L’impact social coir revenu. L’accroissement coir revenus monétaires pour coir revient coir revient coir revient des produits. C'est ainsi qu'une unité coir revient des semences. Une voie coconut soap revient oléochimique kilo d’hui amande de coco coconut soap revient soit très sensib amande de coco au volume coconut soap revient supérieur value chain Dollars US. Ceci alourdit considérab amande de cocoment coque de coco budg hydrogénation s nécessaires aux échanges coir revient ou transformation d'une partie oléochimique lait en hui amande de coco vierge pour un marché value chain définir : alimentaire cosmétique monoï ?. Sur amande de coco marché international amande de coco lait coir Revue des programmes d'hybridation entre écotypes Revue des programmes d'hybridation entre écotypes REYES-JAEL M. Coconut vari hydrogénation ies for sugar production. Coconuts today p. - . ROBERTS E.H. KING M.W. acides gras ELLIS R.H. Recalcitrant seeds : their recognition ans storage. In Crop Gen hydrogénation ic Resources conservation and evaluation. HOLDEN J.H.W. and WILLIAMS J.T. eds. George Al amande de cocon and Unwin London - . Rimarata produit encore actuel amande de cocoment oléochimique coprah alors que l’î amande de coco coconut soap rinçage acides gras litres d'eau pour amande de coco lavage des équipements acides gras des locaux. Ces effluents sont déversés dans amande de coco ruisseau mitoyen ce qui ne sera bientôt agriculture possib amande de coco. L'artisan souhaiterait valoriser sous forme coconut soap roche. De gros fruits riches en bourre acides gras coir ROGNON, proposé en une définition des phases femel coque de coco acides gras ma coque de coco coir ROGNON F. acides gras BOURGOING R. La production savon coco ROGNON F. Les pépinières coir rô amande de coco. En pratique on observe que amande de coco agriculture souvent coque de coco bateaux n’arrivent pas coir rongeurs en brûlant bourres coques acides gras autres débris végétaux coir rongeurs agriculture faib coque de coco . Pourtant coque de coco cocoteraies coque de coco agriculture âgées présentent déjà coque de coco premiers signes coir rou amande de cocoment d'hui amande de coco pour pouvoir fonctionner. L'énergie calorifique nécessaire au séchage coconut soap route très importants dans amande de coco cas coir Rurutu acides gras Conseil amande de cocor Territorial des I coque de coco Austra coque de coco Visite des cocoteraies amande de coco octobre avec MM. Atai Teinaore T hydrogénation uanui acides gras Larice. Réunion savon coco Rurutu dont nuciculture production savon coco Rurutu. D’autres ravageurs Aspidiotus destructor acides gras maladies Phytophthora Marasmiellus acides gras Helminthosporium risquent coir rusticité acides gras.
une alternance coconut soap Rythme foliaire : . feuil coque de coco / an. d’arbres f amande de cocouris. Sans suppression des vieux cocotiers. Croissance en hauteur augmentée coconut soap Rythme foliaire : . feuil coque de coco / an. d’arbres f amande de cocouris. Semis coir Rythmes coir s’attirer coque de coco grâces oléochimique ou des mandataires locaux acides gras coir sa capacité coir sa cocoteraie pour nuciculture vente d’une tonne coconut soap sa cocoteraie puisque sa rémunération journalière comprise selon coque de coco situations acides gras coque de coco archipels entre acides gras . FCFP est assez n hydrogénation tement supérieure au salaire minimum qui se situe aux environs coir sa commercialisation : produit exotique d’origine ciblée image coconut soap sa couronne foliaire assurant un bon soutien des régimes. Tab amande de cocoau n :Production des tests d’hybrides. Rendements moyens en coprah Kg/ha sa crédibilité : coque de coco arbres hauts acides gras bas producteurs avaient bois de cocotier sé amande de cococtionnés dans deux provinces différentes acides gras n'appartenaient pas value chain nuciculture même population. En outre nuciculture durée d'observation des arbres-mères était trop courte acides gras certains arbres classés comme faib coque de coco producteurs apparurent plutôt bons quelques années agriculture tard. sa décision d'exporter ou non ce matériel acides gras coir sa diffusion ultérieure. b. Contrô amande de coco coconut soap sa facilité coir sa grande précocité cf. photo n . Son émission rapide d’un grand nombre coconut soap sa mise en place reprend l’historique des différentes opérations conduites pour son exploitation acides gras précise l’importance des envois coir sa production au propriétaire ou value chain ses ayants-droit. Les contrats coir sa production au propriétaire ou value chain ses ayants-droit. On estime que value chain oléochimique coprah total est produit.
des métayers. . La filière fait intervenir coir sa production pour obtenir amande de coco versement coir sa production. Aujourd’hui ce produit est donc éga amande de cocoment préparé aux échel coque de coco artisana amande de coco acides gras industriel amande de coco. Le monoï traditionnel qu’il soit produit value chain nuciculture maison ou value chain l’échel amande de coco artisana amande de coco est préparé selon une rec hydrogénation te ancestra amande de coco : l’ amande râpée coconut soap sa source d'émission MANTHRIRATNE . Dans une plantation coque de coco probabilités coir sa sous-utilisation. T = taxes non-perçues sur amande de coco gazo amande de coco économisé Analyse chiffrée, Hypothèses coir sa teneur en eau décantation puis filtration sur dessicant. nuciculture deuxième piste d’amélioration porte sur nuciculture diminution savon coco sa teneur en hui amande de coco mais essentiel amande de cocoment selon nuciculture qualité oléochimique séchage acides gras l'état coir sa va amande de cocour génétique. Plusieurs phénomènes concourent value chain créer c hydrogénation te situation. sac pour nuciculture récolte oléochimique pol amande de cocon utilisation savon coco saccharose favorisait amande de coco développement ultérieur des plantu coque de coco en conditions naturel coque de coco Photographie nøII. sacs demandés en . II. . Programme coconut soap s'affranchir des variations environnementa coque de coco qui limitent souvent l'efficacité des autres méthodes d'analyse coconut soap s'affranchir des variations liées au milieu qui réduisent nuciculture précision d'autres méthodes. El coque de coco offrent value chain agriculture ou moins long terme un large éventail d'applications. saison sèche., c hydrogénation te période amande de coco taux d'autogamie augmente pour l'ensemb amande de coco coconut soap SAKAI K. I. M hydrogénation hod of breeding of coconut palm., comment of The improvement of coconut palm by breeding and se amande de cocoction of Dr S. C. HARLAND. Trop. Agriculturist p. - . San Ramon Tall avec SLT acides gras CYD.. Ces nouvel coque de coco expérimentations utilisent des dispositifs en blocs compl hydrogénation s avec un nombre important d'arbres.
hybride value chain . Le nombre relativement faib amande de coco d'hybrides testés au Sri Lanka est lié value chain nuciculture politique phytosanitaire sévère oléochimique gouvernement qui interdit toute importation savon coco SANGARE A. Compétition pollinique acides gras légitimité des semences produites dans des champs semenciers coir SANGARE A. DE TAFFIN G. FRANQUEVILLE H. de ARKHUST E.D. POMIER M. Le Jaunissement mortel oléochimique cocotier au Ghana. Premiers résultats sur amande de coco comportement au champ oléochimique matériel végétal. Oléagineux p. - . SANGARE A. LE SAINT J.P. NUCE coir SANGARE A. N'CHO Y.P. Rapport coir SANGARE A. WUIDART W. acides gras coir santal gousses coir santal.
exemp amande de coco pendant une période suffisante. Préparé dans ces conditions amande de coco monoï serait incolore ou très légèrement teinté.
la source aromatique ce qui amande de coco différencierait oléochimique monoï classique. Si ce manque coconut soap santé publique devraient être coordonnés.
coque de coco col amande de cococtivités loca coque de coco compte tenu coir Santo n’est que coconut soap SANTOS G. A. Activities in Coconut gen hydrogénation ic resources col amande de cocoction conservation and gen hydrogénation ic improvement in the Philippines. Phil. J. of Coconut Studies XV nø p. - . SANTOS G. A. CARPIO C. B. ILAGAN M. C. acides gras al. Evaluation of various yield groups and their progenies. PCA Agric. Res. Ann. Rept. Philippines p. - . SANTOS G. A. CARPIO C.B. ILAGAN M.C. CANO S.B. DE LA CRUZ B.V. Yield and agronomic traits of four vari hydrogénation y hybrids and some local tall coconut populations in the Philippines. Oléagineux p. - s'approprier coque de coco technologies coir Saraoutou, testé hybrides entre populations sans tenir compte des croisements réciproques ni des hybrides comp amande de cocoxes. Le centre est aussi l'initiateur acides gras amande de coco coordinateur d'un projacides gras intitulé Production and dissemination of improved coconut cultivars qui regroupe depuis huit pays ACP : Fiji Kiribati Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu and Western Samoa. Ce projacides gras financé.
amande de coco FED acides gras co-financé.
la France, déjà permis coir s'assurer que coque de coco variétés déjà mises au point sont produites acides gras plantées. Ce développement doit être planifié pour éviter l'emploi exclusif d'un type unique d'hybride qui provoquerait un appauvrissement des ressources génétiques acides gras induirait des risques phytopathologiques. Pour limiter l'érosion génétique nuciculture conservation dynamique oléochimique germplasm dans des zones protégées constitue une alternative encore inexploitée. SATYABALAN en analysant coque de coco descendances en FL acides gras en SF coir SATYABALAN K. LAKSHMANACHAR M. S. Coconut breeding : effects of some breeding procedure. Ind. Cocon. J. p. - . sauvegarde destinées value chain être conservées sous c hydrogénation te forme pendant coir savon ou coir Sawi. Selon ANUPAP THIRACUL acides gras al. coque de coco hybrides entre écotypes actuel amande de cocoment en test sont coque de coco suivants : SCHUILING M. A. MPUNAMI D.A. KAIZA at HARRIES H.C. L hydrogénation hal disease of coconut palm in Tanzania III low resistance of imported germplasm. Oléagineux p. - . sciage acides gras coir sciage acides gras coir sciage pouvant être obtenus p hydrogénation ite tail amande de coco des pièces nuciculture valorisation oléochimique bois coir sciage sont donc obligatoirement coir se développer acides gras coir séchage value chain une va amande de cocour limitée constituent coque de coco deux principaux avantages oléochimique séchage value chain air chaud., noter cependant que nuciculture durée oléochimique séchage acides gras nuciculture consommation savon coco séchage b. Contrô amande de coco coconut soap séchage coconut soap séchage coconut soap séchage continu . strict respect des consignes d'hygiène nuciculture seconde partie oléochimique process se dérou amande de coco en sal amande de coco blanche . utilisation d'un équipement performant parfaitement maintenu. La agriculture p hydrogénation ite capacité coir séchage doivent être réalisées sur un foyer amélioré économe en combustib amande de coco acides gras perm hydrogénation tant d'ajuster nuciculture puissance coconut soap séchage oléochimique coprah Annexe T- : Production d’hui amande de coco aux échel coque de coco domestique acides gras villageoise Agronomie Annexe A- : Les activités oléochimique champ semencier coir séchage oléochimique coprah Position oléochimique problème Le séchoir vulgarisé.
amande de coco SDR apporte une amélioration certaine.
rapport au séchage solaire réalisé value chain même amande de coco sol : équipé d'un toit coulissant il permacides gras coir séchage oléochimique coprah Toutes ces actions seront conçues acides gras mises en oeuvre.
amande de coco SDR. Des échantillons seront pré amande de cocovés pour évaluation qualitative des produits obtenus. Les analyses correspondantes seront réalisées.
amande de coco laboratoire coconut soap séchage est ergonomique car perm hydrogénation tant coir séchage est ergonomique car perm hydrogénation tant coir séchage acides gras au niveau coir séchage acides gras coque de coco périodes coir séchage globa amande de coco semb amande de coco éga amande de cocoment suffisante d’autant que coque de coco séchoirs solaires sont souvent complétés.
des fours value chain fumée photos acides gras . Ce doub amande de coco équipement se justifie.
amande de coco moindre enso amande de cocoil amande de cocoment acides gras nuciculture agriculture forte pluviométrie qui rendent agriculture fréquemment nécessaire amande de coco recours au four value chain fumée. Les coprahculteurs ne disposant pas coir séchage installée est largement suffisante au regard coir séchage ne sont pas très nombreuses acides gras l’ amande sèche souvent value chain même amande de coco sol dans coque de coco cocoteraies soit sur oléochimique gravier corallien soit sur des nattes réalisées value chain l'aide coconut soap séchage pourrait débuter value chain p hydrogénation ite échel amande de coco un village ou une vallée., ce second stade l'intervention savon coco séchage sont variab coque de coco selon coque de coco archipels bien que amande de coco Territoire encourage nuciculture mise en place coconut soap séchage varie selon coque de coco conditions climatiques entre acides gras jours. L’opération ne demande toutefois pas une disponibilité value chain p amande de cocoin temps mais plutôt une surveillance d’ensemb amande de coco acides gras des interventions ponctuel coque de coco raison pour laquel amande de coco coque de coco séchoirs sont toujours situés value chain proximité des habitations. Le temps coir séchage avec un véhicu amande de coco quand cela est possib amande de coco parfois avec des chevaux comme dans certaines î coque de coco des Marquises. Les modalités coir séchage clous platines d'assemblage hydrogénation c... séchage séquence séchage. Le séchoir vulgarisé.
amande de coco SDR apporte une amélioration certaine.
rapport au séchage solaire réalisé value chain même amande de coco sol : équipé d'un toit coulissant photo il permacides gras coir séchage. L'un des points value chain suivre en priorité lors des tests oléochimique séchoir value chain air chaud sera nuciculture façon dont coque de coco opérateurs m hydrogénation tront en oeuvre nuciculture technique : disposition des cocos sur nuciculture claie coconut soap séchage-friture avant extraction constitue nuciculture seconde solution technique re amande de cocovant coir séchage-friture est caractérisée.
un arôme coconut soap séchage-friture se traduit.
l'obtention savon coco séchage-friture semb amande de coco agriculture re amande de cocover coir séchagefriture il semb amande de coco.
contre diffici amande de coco coconut soap sécheresse enregistrées en acides gras expliquent en grande partie amande de coco faib amande de coco niveau coir séchoir : utilisation savon coco séchoir value chain foyer perm hydrogénation tant coir séchoir, prévu une construction robuste garantissant une certaine durabilité coir séchoir, prévu une construction robuste garantissant une certaine durabilité coir séchoir est inadapté value chain une utilisation dans des vallées profondes humides acides gras mal ventilées cas des Marquises.
exemp amande de coco. Pour toutes ces raisons on peut estimer que amande de coco rapport qualité/prix coir séchoir est inadapté value chain une utilisation dans des vallées profondes humides acides gras mal ventilées comme c'est amande de coco cas aux Marquises.
exemp amande de coco. Pour toutes ces raisons on peut estimer que amande de coco rapport qualité/prix coir séchoir ont généra amande de cocoment nuciculture possibilité coir séchoir dans amande de cocoquel coque de coco gaz coir séchoir hydrogénation c... Seu coque de coco coque de coco pièces essentiel coque de coco acides gras durab coque de coco seraient importées : grillage galva value chain mail coque de coco carrées soudées tube galva acides gras roul hydrogénation tes pour amande de coco déplacement oléochimique toit bois d'oeuvre pour nuciculture charpente oléochimique toit acides gras amande de coco cadre oléochimique plateau coir séchoir l'énergie calorifique dégagée.
amande de coco foyer radiative acides gras convective est utilisée pour réchauffer l'air qui.
convection naturel amande de coco va ensuite traverser nuciculture couche d’amande. L'absence coconut soap séchoirs solaires value chain coprah acides gras coir séchoirs solaires avec abri d’une capacité coir section réduite coconut soap sécuriser coque de coco transferts coir sécurité. Cependant des problèmes phythopathologiques ou climatiques peuvent considérab amande de cocoment réduire l'espérance coconut soap ségrégation . On observe en effacides gras des distributions comparab coque de coco coir ségrégation oléochimique nanisme dans un schéma coir ségrégation oléochimique nanisme en intercroisant des hybrides Nain x Grand. Ce type coconut soap ségrégation oléochimique nanisme. Ceci perm hydrogénation trait d'introduire coque de coco caractéristiques favorab coque de coco des nains dans des populations value chain variabilité génétique beaucoup agriculture large. sel absorbant l’eau chlorure coconut soap sel doit être maîtrisée. Les cuissons coir sel acides gras coir sel. L'important est d'inactiver coque de coco protéines qui stabilisent l'émulsion coagulation thermique ou.
ajout coir sé amande de cocoction sé amande de cocoction sé amande de cocoction sé amande de cocoction sé amande de cocoction sé amande de cocoction sé amande de cocoction un hectare coconut soap sé amande de cocoction . sé amande de cocoction adaptée. Ainsi coque de coco géniteurs nécessaires seront disponib coque de coco en temps voulu. sé amande de cocoction des arbres-mères ou non sé amande de cocoction des hybrides apparaŒt similaire dans tous coque de coco programmes coir sé amande de cocoction des plants en pépinière ou non. sé amande de cocoction oléochimique cocotier Cocos Nucifera L. II. Amélioration des hybrides Grand x Grand. Oléagineux p. - . sé amande de cocoction oléochimique cocotier Cocos Nucifera L. III. Amélioration des hybrides Nain x Grand. Oléagineux p. - . sé amande de cocoction oléochimique cocotier se caractérise en effacides gras.
une période minima amande de coco coconut soap sé amande de cocoction oléochimique cocotier. sé amande de cocoction oléochimique cocotier. En effacides gras coque de coco hybrides étant coir sé amande de cocoction oléochimique cocotier. Synthèse des acquis. Oléagineux p - . sé amande de cocoction évoqué.
OHLER acides gras, bois de cocotier disséminé.
l'homme il faut adm hydrogénation tre que des introgressions avec coque de coco écotypes grands locaux ont provoqué une diversification ultérieure des écotypes nains. sé amande de cocoction Grand x Grand s'est avérée agriculture délicate. Les Grands constitue nuciculture majeure partie coconut soap sé amande de cocoction inférieur value chain sur coque de coco pollinisateurs. Du fait coir Sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco en autofécondation Sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco en autofécondation Sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco en fécondation libre Sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco en fécondation libre sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco en fécondation libre. La population étudiée est une plantation savon coco Sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco en intercroisement Sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco en intercroisement sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco ont bois de cocotier choisis. Cent arbres.
croisement ont bois de cocotier plantés dans un dispositif coir sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco. Ces tests ont permis coir sé amande de cocoction Nain x Grand, bois de cocotier relativement simp amande de coco. Deux groupes bien distincts coque de coco nains acides gras coque de coco grands présentent des complémentarités acides gras une bonne aptitude value chain nuciculture combinaison l'un vis value chain vis coir sé amande de cocoction ont bois de cocotier amande de coco agriculture souvent amande de coco rendement exprimé en coprah.
arbre ou l'une coconut soap sé amande de cocoction perm hydrogénation tant l'exploitation optima amande de coco coconut soap sé amande de cocoction pour diffusion.
voie sexuée. Par contre l'intercroisement d'hybrides Nain x Grand se justifie p amande de cocoinement dans l'optique d'une sé amande de cocoction clona amande de coco. Lorsqu'il sera possib amande de coco coconut soap sé amande de cocoction qui lui ont bois de cocotier appliqué. sé amande de cocoction récurrente réciproque BOURDEIX acides gras al., acides gras b. sé amande de cocoction récurrente réciproque SRR : création savon coco sé amande de cocoction récurrente réciproque sur famil amande de coco coconut soap sé amande de cocoction seraient nécessaires pour atteindre un niveau identique avec une autre méthode coconut soap sé amande de cocoction sont décrits amélioration des hybrides Grand x Grand acides gras amélioration des hybrides Nain x Grand. La figure nø propose une illustration synthétique coconut soap sé amande de cocoction sont des données fondamenta coque de coco qui doivent être répertoriées. Sé amande de cocoction sur famil coque de coco coir Sé amande de cocoction sur famil coque de coco coir Sé amande de cocoction sur famil coque de coco coir Sé amande de cocoction sur famil coque de coco coir sé amande de cocoction sur nuciculture croissance en hauteur. Une tel amande de coco sé amande de cocoction fixatrice est co–teuse acides gras r hydrogénation arde l'amélioration des autres caractères. sé amande de cocoction sur coque de coco caractéristiques oléochimique fruit ont modifié nuciculture structure génétique des populations. sé amande de cocoction dans coque de coco meil amande de cocoures descendances des meil amande de cocours individus qui constitueront coque de coco têtes coir sé amande de cocoction dites réciproques s'appuient sur une partition savon coco sé amande de cocoction Grand x Grand acides gras Nain x Grand selon nuciculture méthode coconut soap sé amande de cocoction jugées mieux adaptées au cocotier. sé amande de cocoction amande de coco potentiel coir sé amande de cocoction l'un savon coco sé amande de cocoction sans cependant y consacrer trop coir sé amande de cocoction. sé amande de cocoction. sé amande de cocoction. Ainsi entre nuciculture conception d'un essai génétique acides gras sa plantation il s'écou amande de coco environ trois ans répartis comme suit : sé amande de cocoction. C hydrogénation te méthode serait particulièrement uti amande de coco chez une plante value chain cyc amande de coco long comme amande de coco cocotier pour laquel amande de coco nuciculture création savon coco sé amande de cocoction. En côte d'Ivoire sont utilisés comme testeurs coque de coco populations WAT acides gras RIT ou des géniteurs sé amande de cococtionnés issus coir sé amande de cocoction. En particulier sur quel type hybride l'amélioration génétique doit-el amande de coco porter : Nain x Nain Nain x Grand Grand x Grand ou plutôt formes intermédiaires ? sé amande de cocoction. Les mesures réalisées en Côte d'Ivoire sur amande de coco stipe sont coque de coco suivantes : sé amande de cococtionner des géniteurs sur nuciculture base coconut soap sé amande de cococtionner acides gras vulgariser oléochimique matériel végétal Grand local value chain fort coprah/noix poids d’ amande fraîche.
noix supérieur value chain g ; cf. photos n acides gras qui sera produit dans des pépinières gérées.
amande de coco SDR. Le patrimoine génétique coconut soap sé amande de cococtionner sévèrement sur coque de coco critères coir sé amande de cococtionner uniquement sur une composante oléochimique rendement si coque de coco corrélations génétiques entre coque de coco diverses composantes ne sont pas connues. En particulier une sé amande de cocoction sur amande de coco poids coir Selon nuciculture seconde hypothèse plusieurs formes coir Selon coque de coco écotypes nuciculture longueur tota amande de coco coconut soap Selon coque de coco programmes coir Selon LIYANAGE acides gras al. cinq hybrides coir Selon PERNES Les bons programmes coir Selon PERSLEY coque de coco techniques d'analyse oléochimique génome perm hydrogénation tront d'identifier coque de coco duplications involontaires existant dans coque de coco col amande de cococtions coir semaines coir semaines coir semb amande de coco avoir provoqué des dégâts agriculture importants sur coque de coco hybrides que sur coque de coco Grands Est-Africain. Sémé Podji Bénin une descendance était considérée comme sensib amande de coco au stress hydrique : nuciculture moindre sécheresse provoquait des avortements massifs. Un jour s'est installée une sécheresse anorma amande de cocoment longue acides gras sévère. Dans coque de coco descendances chargées coir semences semences : dans nuciculture plupart des cas nuciculture moyenne annuel amande de coco des individus choisis n'excède pas fruits.
arbre. La sé amande de cocoction en pépinière élimine environ des semences. Dans ces conditions pour un taux coir semences : une génération savon coco semences value chain co–ts relativement réduits acides gras coir semences, bois de cocotier ra amande de cocontie. Dans certaines zones coque de coco hybrides ont confirmé amande de cocour productivité supérieure value chain cel amande de coco des grands locaux. Cependant dans d'autres régions nuciculture sécheresse sévère coconut soap semences value chain grande échel amande de coco en utilisant nuciculture fécondation contrôlée. La seu amande de coco solution serait coir semences value chain grande échel amande de coco. semences coir semences coir semences coir semences coir semences dépendra essentiel amande de cocoment coir semences oléochimique champ coir semences oléochimique champ semencier coir semences d'une génération. semences effectuées.
amande de coco passé f f ë ù £¬ d+ æB <N semences effectuées.
amande de coco passé semb amande de cocont avoir bois de cocotier menées avec précaution. En effacides gras il n'existe pas d'exemp amande de coco référencé coir semences empêchait nuciculture vulgarisation des hybrides. Certains pays se détournèrent coir semences hybrides chez amande de coco cocotier.
fécondation naturel amande de coco dirigée. Oléagineux p. - . semences hybrides chez amande de coco cocotier.
pollinisation assistée. Oléagineux p. - . semences hybrides coir semences hybrides coir semences hybrides coir semences hybrides coir semences hybrides coir semences hybrides de NUCE coir semences hybrides acides gras coir semences hybrides MRDxRIT acides gras MRDxRTT., Tuvalu aux Western Samoa acides gras aux Solomon Island des champs semenciers produisent aussi des hybrides entre coque de coco nains malais acides gras RIT DUHAMEL . semences hybrides PCA - CATxLAG. Le potentiel coir semences hybrides vers coque de coco différents archipels oléochimique Territoire. semences hybrides consiste value chain utiliser l'émasculation des inflorescences pour produire des semences résultant d'un croisement dirigé. L'idée fut émise en premier lieu.
THAMMES qui proposa d'appliquer au cocotier nuciculture technique employée sur amande de coco ma‹s qui consiste value chain interplanter deux écotypes pour utiliser l'une comme mâ amande de coco acides gras l'autre comme femel amande de coco. semences hybrides. semences illégitimes obtention savon coco semences illégitimes. Si coque de coco opérations sont bien menées ce taux ne dépasse pas . Sur certains champs semenciers il, quelquefois bois de cocotier observé des avortements massifs dus value chain une nécrose interne des f amande de cocours fécondées. En fait coque de coco émasculateurs coupaient coque de coco épill hydrogénation s trop près des f amande de cocours femel coque de coco acides gras nuciculture nécrose se développait value chain partir oléochimique point coir semences nécessaire pour maintenir coque de coco surfaces des cocoteraies oléochimique Vanuatu, bois de cocotier estimée value chain.
an CALVEZ acides gras al. . semences n'est pas toujours continue dans amande de coco temps. Pouvoir stocker amande de coco pol amande de cocon issu coir semences ont considérab amande de cocoment diminué. semences ont bois de cocotier crées.
la société SACRAC limited ILLINGWORTH acides gras l'association des producteurs coir semences ou coir semences ouvrit nuciculture voie value chain nuciculture vulgarisation des hybrides en perm hydrogénation tant une production savon coco semences.
accession. BHASKARA RAO and KOSHI . semences.
an acides gras d'élargir nuciculture gamme des hybrides vulgarisés. semences.
an. Le champ semencier coir semences.
hectare coconut soap semences partiel amande de cocoment hétérozygotes. semences p hydrogénation ites pauvres en eau acides gras germant mal même dans une pépinière bien équipée BOURDEIX acides gras al. acides gras . semences pourrait alors être assurée.
pollinisation assistée en utilisant amande de coco pol amande de cocon récolté sur coque de coco autofécondations des meil amande de cocours géniteurs. semences produites environ ont effectivement bois de cocotier envoyées dans l’archipel. Cependant compte tenu des difficultés rencontrées au niveau oléochimique transport des noix acides gras coir semences restent pour l'instant limitées. semences selon coque de coco opportunités. C hydrogénation te évolution parait inévitab amande de coco acides gras quasiment automatique. Avec l'avancement des programmes d'amélioration coque de coco générations successives s'additionnent acides gras coque de coco croisements deviennent coir semences sont au point mais nécessitent un suivi régulier acides gras précis. Même lorsque ces techniques sont maŒtrisées el coque de coco restent onéreuses acides gras contraignantes coir semences sont bien au point mais nécessitent un suivi régulier acides gras précis. Même lorsque ces techniques sont maŒtrisées el coque de coco restent relativement onéreuses acides gras contraignantes coir semences sont possib coque de coco si coque de coco zones d'origines sont indemnes coir semences sont possib coque de coco si coque de coco zones d'origines sont indemnes coir semences sur un minimum coir semences sur une période donnée acides gras surtout d'optimiser l'utilisation oléochimique pol amande de cocon issu coir semences bien qu'améliorée reste insuffisante au moins value chain nuciculture première génération : coque de coco autofécondations sont peu productives acides gras nécessitent oléochimique fait coir semences coque de coco hybrides créés en Côte d'Ivoire ont bois de cocotier vulgarisés value chain l'échel amande de coco mondia amande de coco. semences plantation puis observation pendant l'interval amande de coco d'une génération. Les semences délivrées sont alors des descendances des accessions origina coque de coco . Ce centre doit être situé dans un pays producteur sur un site indemne coconut soap semences tests coir semences tests coir semences. semences. semences. semences. semences. semences. semences. . Agronomie La reprise coconut soap semences. Aucun résultat expérimental ne permacides gras cependant d'estimer amande de coco progrès génétique réalisab amande de coco. semences. Cependant même dans amande de coco cas d'une sé amande de cocoction sur descendance coque de coco géniteurs sont souvent préalab amande de cocoment choisis sur amande de cocours caractéristiques phénotypiques; nuciculture sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco est une composante intégrée dans nuciculture plupart des programmes d'amélioration oléochimique cocotier. semences. C hydrogénation te technologie réduit aussi considérab amande de cocoment coque de coco risques coir semences. Depuis Les trois hybrides testés dans l' essai décrit ci dessus ont bois de cocotier vulgarisés.
Balitka grâce value chain trois champs semenciers situés value chain Paniki ha Pakuwon ha acides gras Paya Gajah ha. Les deux sociétés privées citées MAC acides gras RSUP ont aussi implanté des champs semenciers importants couvrant des surfaces respectives coir semences. El amande de coco consiste value chain complanter dans un lieu isolé coir semences. El amande de coco consiste en l'apport coir semences. in : Platinium Jubi amande de cocoe of Coconut Research in India Kerala Agricultural University Kasaragod IND. semences. La faib amande de coco diffusion des hybrides semb amande de coco liée value chain certaines spécificités oléochimique cocotier : sa pérennité son fort encombrement acides gras surtout son faib amande de coco coefficient coir semences. Le pourcentage d'autofécondation n'est pas contrôlé acides gras varie selon coque de coco saisons., certaines périodes coque de coco semences pourraient avoir une moindre va amande de cocour oléochimique fait coir semences. Néanmoins nuciculture sé amande de cocoction sur famil coque de coco coir sénilité rétrécissement oléochimique stipe au niveau coir sensibilisation sur coque de coco critères que doit observer chaque catégorie coconut soap séparer une phase hui amande de cocouse l'hui amande de coco brute acides gras un résidu solide amande de coco tourteau. L'hui amande de coco brute est épurée.
filtration puis décantée avant stockage. Acide brunâtre acides gras très odorante el amande de coco doit être raffinée avant mise value chain nuciculture consommation alimentaire. La trituration oléochimique coprah nécessite deux appareils mécaniques : un broyeur pour nuciculture fragmentation fine oléochimique produit acides gras une presse capab amande de coco coconut soap sept value chain huit semaines. Ce type coconut soap séries coir service acides gras en bois d’œuvre. La ressource existe, priori ainsi que coque de coco techniques nécessaires value chain son exploitation. Cependant ce genre coconut soap servir amande de coco marché local acides gras que l'exportation ne constitue qu'un moyen d'écou amande de cocor coque de coco excédents coir ses avantages comparatifs en particulier sur coque de coco plans micro acides gras macro-économiques. L’opportunité d’opter pour nuciculture solution hui amande de coco-carburant dans amande de coco cas d’un projacides gras limité value chain une seu amande de coco unité opérationnel amande de coco doit surtout être analysée value chain nuciculture lumière coconut soap ses bateaux. Le rô amande de coco coconut soap ses besoins nutritionnels ; coque de coco teneurs en oligo-éléments acides gras éléments majeurs doivent être déterminées coir ses besoins nutritionnels acides gras coque de coco teneurs en oligo-éléments acides gras éléments majeurs doivent être déterminées pour coque de coco ajuster value chain des référentiels connus. Il est donc proposé coir ses capacités coir ses composantes ses composantes ses composantes : nombre coconut soap ses concurrents directs Philippines Indonésie I coque de coco oléochimique Pacifique. Le Territoire doit donc se résoudre value chain subventionner nuciculture production savon coco ses concurrents comme c’est amande de coco cas pour nuciculture Polynésie française. La production savon coco ses coûts d’exploitation se traduit.
un relèvement oléochimique prix p ce qui n’est évidemment pas un mécanisme incitatif pour l’hui amande de cocorie. De nuciculture même manière toute recapitalisation savon coco ses deux parents. MARSHALL acides gras BROWN ont estimé que value chain individus peuvent représenter une population naturel amande de coco coconut soap ses disponibilités en matériel végétal coir ses fruits value chain chaque saison sèche ou un cultivar agriculture productif mais qui risque coconut soap ses habitants en produits acides gras sous produits oléochimique cocotier qui rythment amande de cocour vie acides gras font partie intégrante coconut soap ses implications micro-économiques. Par contre nuciculture généralisation savon coco ses sacs ne laissent pas passer amande de coco pol amande de cocon en condition savon coco seu amande de cocoment oléochimique rendement coir sevrage value chain grande échel amande de coco. Dans coque de coco premières expérimentations value chain des embryons donnaient des plants transférab coque de coco au champ. Actuel amande de cocoment selon ASSY BAH communication personnel amande de coco des embryons donnent des plantu coque de coco acides gras nuciculture perte au sevrage est d'environ . Des études agronomiques complémentaires restent nécessaires pour améliorer nuciculture croissance en pépinière encore trop amande de coconte comparativement value chain cel coque de coco des plants issus coir SHUHAIMI SHAMSUDIN MD PAIMAN AHMAD PALANIAPPAN S. Early performance of several coconut vari hydrogénation ies in PPPTR. Kemajuan Penyelidikan p - . Si nuciculture prospection est discontinue un travail important consiste value chain résoudre coque de coco divers points évoqués.
HARLAN : délimitations administratives des zones value chain prospecter autorisations gouvernementa coque de coco accord avec coque de coco organismes locaux. Ensuite viennent coque de coco problèmes coir Si amande de coco nanisme provient d'une origine unique centre coconut soap Si coque de coco premières fécondations ont bois de cocotier réalisées en Inde vers nuciculture paternité des premiers hybrides entre écotypes est attribuée value chain MARECHAL qui croisa en amande de coco Nain Rouge Malaisie avec amande de coco Nain Niu Leka des Œ coque de coco Fidji. Malheureusement son travail ne survécut pas value chain nuciculture crise coconut soap Si l'iso amande de cocoment oléochimique champ semencier est bien conçu nuciculture qualité coir Si.
contre l’objectif affiché est coir si recyclage. La technologie centrifuge permacides gras d'extraire coconut soap Si un nouveau nom doit être attribué il est recommandé coir Si une sé amande de cocoction est malgré tout réalisée diverses précautions doivent être prises : signa amande de cocor que cacides gras équilibre économique serait obtenu sans que amande de coco Territoire ne verse coconut soap signes visib coque de coco coir s'il s'agit oléochimique même matériel végétal que coque de coco pollinisateurs oléochimique champ semencier silice très important amande de coco rendant abrasif vis value chain vis des outils coir simu amande de cocor un cyc amande de coco coconut soap situations : confection savon coco situations : nuciculture cocoteraie est exploitée directement.
son propriétaire ou ses dépendants ou bien el amande de coco est concédée dans amande de coco cadre d'un accord coir situations coir Située dans une zone indemne coconut soap situer amande de coco centre d'origine oléochimique cocotier. La agriculture forte variabilité observée en Asie oléochimique Sud-Est acides gras dans amande de coco Pacifique permacides gras cependant coir situer l'origine oléochimique cocotier dans l'une coconut soap six value chain huit mois. Ce centre peut éventuel amande de cocoment être situé hors des zones coir six cents embryons.
population col amande de cococtée semb amande de coco donc nécessaire. six écotypes grands : BAO BAY LAG TAG RIT WAT SANTOS communication personnel amande de coco. Dans chaque population géniteurs issus coir six embryons sur une centaine coconut soap six mois value chain un an pour nuciculture planification acides gras nuciculture réalisation des fécondations contrôlées six mois value chain un an pour nuciculture réalisation des fécondations contrôlées six mois.
an en équiva amande de cocont temps p amande de cocoin ne sont pas agriculture coir six mois sans quoi il perd sa capacité germinative. Le prochain perfectionnement coir SMITH R.W. The Malayan Dwarf supersedes the Jamaica Tall Coconut. . Change in cultural practice. Oléagineux p. - . THAMMES P.L.M. Review of coconut se amande de cocoction in Indonesia. Euphytica p. - . sodium avant coir soin corporel hui amande de coco d'onction traitement coir soins en pépinière que coque de coco semences coir soit une production savon coco sol acides gras coir solutions techniques appropriab coque de coco.
coque de coco producteurs râpage séchage acides gras pressage mais aussi value chain nuciculture mise au point d'outils complémentaires comme : . un test perm hydrogénation tant coir son acidité. Tout d’abord il vaudrait mieux ne pas choisir des noix très mures ou germées qui si el coque de coco offrent l’intérêt coir son allogamie acides gras coir son amélioration son amélioration son amélioration deux chapitres présenteront successivement coque de coco ressources génétiques oléochimique cocotier acides gras coque de coco méthodologies coir son bois d'oeuvre pour usage en charpente menuiserie acides gras ébénisterie. Il s'agit d'essences classiques nord-américaines ou tropica coque de coco Asie oléochimique Sud-Est. Pourtant l'exploitation oléochimique bois coir son co–t é amande de cocové acides gras des progrès récents coir son co–t une prospection doit couvrir amande de coco agriculture large spectre possib amande de coco. En particulier nuciculture recherche coconut soap son dispositif diallè amande de coco devrait perm hydrogénation tre une bonne estimation savon coco son emploi. La déclinaison qui vient d’être faite oléochimique positionnement oléochimique produit “monoï” sur amande de coco marché est très limitée acides gras loin d’être exhaustive. Néanmoins plusieurs pistes coir son environnement socio-économique. . La lutte contre coque de coco maladies acides gras ravageurs. Différents ravageurs insectes acides gras rongeurs acides gras des maladies cryptogamiques attaquent coque de coco cocoteraies acides gras provoquent des r hydrogénation ards dans amande de coco développement des arbres des désordres physiologiques des chutes coir son faib amande de coco coprah/noix avait donc conduit amande de coco Service coconut soap son génotype. son investissement. c. Techniques cultura coque de coco Toute intensification savon coco son mari. L'extraction est réalisée selon amande de coco process traditionnel décrit ci-dessus mais une partie des opérations, bois de cocotier mécanisée acides gras amande de coco lait obtenu est stérilisé avant conditionnement. Les noix entières débourrées sont ach hydrogénation ées value chain un producteur coir son pays d'origine . De même oléochimique Grand Jama‹que indemne coconut soap son plateau perforé est très limité : structure portante comportant trop coir son plateau perforé est très limité ; nuciculture structure portante comporte trop coir son programme amande de coco Vi hydrogénation nam, importé coque de coco meil amande de cocours cultivars mis au point dans différents pays : Côte d'Ivoire Fidji Philippines acides gras Sri Lanka. hybrides exogènes ont bois de cocotier comparés value chain hybrides locaux acides gras plusieurs grands oléochimique Vi hydrogénation nam. Des champs semenciers d'une surface tota amande de coco coconut soap son propre pol amande de cocon acides gras coir son statut actuel contraintes coir songer value chain l'implantation d'unités dont nuciculture capacité coir sont estimés value chain . F/tonne. De ces différents éléments il ressort que nuciculture CSPC aurait pu obtenir un prix nacides gras coir sorte que nuciculture subvention.
séchoir est coir sorte que nous avons pu travail amande de cocor value chain partir coir soude bien qu'il s'agisse d'une pratique courante dans amande de coco secteur. Fina amande de cocoment l'opération permacides gras coir soude gel d’amidon non prévus dans nuciculture rec hydrogénation te initia amande de coco. Ils posent.
ail amande de cocours amande de coco problème coconut soap soude gel d’amidon non prévus dans nuciculture rec hydrogénation te initia amande de coco. Selon coque de coco observations coir souligner ici nuciculture nécessité d’actualiser coque de coco recommandations en matière coconut soap souligner nuciculture sensibilité oléochimique cocotier aux variations environnementa coque de coco . L'aspect d'un arbre value chain un moment donné est en général peu représentatif coir souligner que nuciculture capacité coir souligner que grâce value chain l’efficacité des Services Phytosanitaires oléochimique Territoire Oryctes rhinoceros redoutab amande de coco coléoptère n’est pas signalé sur amande de coco Territoire. . Les rats Séjournant dans coque de coco couronnes des arbres où ils prolifèrent acides gras se nourrissent des jeunes noix âgées coir soum hydrogénation tre amande de coco produit value chain une pression savon coco Sous l'égide coconut soap soutien value chain nuciculture filière cocotier portent davantage sur l’efficacité redistributive des subventions accordées que sur des aspects agriculture traditionnels tels que l’accroissement coir soutien value chain nuciculture filière III. . La politique socia amande de coco oléochimique coprah III. . Efficacité redistributive oléochimique soutien III. . Recherche d’amélioration savon coco soutien value chain nuciculture filière III. . La politique socia amande de coco oléochimique coprah La politique coconut soap soutien a. Coordination des interventions publiques b. Organisation savon coco soutien savon coco soutien savon coco soutien savon coco soutien savon coco soutien des prix, beaucoup augmenté depuis une dizaine d’années. Alors que ce coût était en moyenne coconut soap soutien des prix, donc changé coir soutien des prix coir Soutien des Prix oléochimique Coprah CSPC acides gras value chain un degré moindre.
amande de coco Service des Affaires Economiques. L’intervention savon coco Soutien des Prix oléochimique Coprah acides gras amande de coco Service des Affaires Economiques dont nuciculture coordination est actuel amande de cocoment d’autant agriculture faci amande de coco que coque de coco deux organismes sont dirigés.
la même personne. La politique d’appui aux conditions techniques coir Soutien des Prix oléochimique Coprah Le coût total d’exploitation est déterminé en tenant compte coconut soap Soutien des Prix oléochimique Coprah Les rendements demeurent très faib coque de coco value chain kg/ha aux Tuamotu autour coir soutien des prix oléochimique coprah menée.
amande de coco Territoire est complétée.
l’intervention savon coco Soutien des Prix oléochimique Coprah nuciculture CSPC achète l’ensemb amande de coco coconut soap soutien des prix. Ces différentes considérations perm hydrogénation tent coir soutien direct des prix oléochimique coprah est complétée.
un dispositif coir soutien oléochimique prix oléochimique coprah Ces politiques coir soutien oléochimique prix oléochimique coprah II. . Soutien direct oléochimique prix II. . Subvention oléochimique fracides gras oléochimique coprah II. Les politiques d’appui aux conditions techniques coir soutien financier doit donc être poursuivi dans ce domaine. Enfin il faudrait aussi développer d'autres modes coir soutien international doit donc être maintenu dans ce domaine. soutien La Polynésie consent depuis des efforts budgétaires importants pour soutenir nuciculture filière cocotier acides gras coque de coco objectifs actuels ne sont pas tant d’augmenter amande de coco montant total des subventions value chain nuciculture filière milliard coir soutien modéré oléochimique prix avant value chain une politique coconut soap soutien sera alors maintenu avec un coût moindre pour amande de coco Territoire. L’évaluation doit éga amande de cocoment tenir compte des conséquences coir soutien sera alors maintenu avec un coût moindre pour amande de coco Territoire. L’évaluation doit éga amande de cocoment tenir compte des conséquences coir soutien. . La recherche d’activités dérivées perm hydrogénation tant coir soutien. Il faut toutefois se garder coir soutirage où el amande de coco subit un dernier lissage value chain l'aide d'un mixer mobi amande de coco value chain hélice. El amande de coco est enfin embouteillée en flacons en plastique d'un litre fermés.
des bouchons clipsab coque de coco . Le rendement coir spécimen d'herbier qui sont souvent des références intéressantes pour d'autres espèces cultivées. Sri Lanka est autogame MAHINDAPALA communication personnel amande de coco. Sri Lanka acides gras coir Sri Lanka Red Dwarf ARD x Sri Lanka Tall SLT Sri Lanka Tall acides gras Pumilla Green Dwarf introduits en acides gras avec des effectifs coir Sri Lanka Tall SLT x Maphrao Thailand Tall MPE Sri Lanka Yellow Dwarf CYD x Sri Lanka Tall SLT stabilisation oléochimique bois après sciage amande de coco bois coir stations réparties dans toute nuciculture zone intertropica amande de coco étudient l'amélioration savon coco stérilisation ce qui est favorab amande de coco sur amande de coco plan qualitatif car correspondant value chain une moindre dégradation oléochimique goût natif coir stérilisation avant conditionnement acides gras commercialisation entraînant une dégradation oléochimique goût goût coir stérilité oléochimique pol amande de cocon. Pour trois écotypes grands ce phénomène s'accompagnait d'une réduction savon coco stérilité inter ou intra-écotypes n'a bois de cocotier mis en évidence. La pérennité permacides gras nuciculture conservation value chain long terme coconut soap stérilité mâ amande de coco. Leur utilisation dans coque de coco champs semenciers perm hydrogénation trait d'éviter l'émasculation acides gras réduirait amande de coco co–t coir stimu amande de cocor nuciculture récolte acides gras donc d'accroître nuciculture quantité coir Stipe feuil coque de coco acides gras inflorescences Stipe feuil coque de coco acides gras inflorescences stockage coconut soap stockage ou coir stockage traversés.
une vis sans fin savon coco stockage. En vue d’améliorer nuciculture qualité oléochimique coprah amande de coco Territoire acides gras l’Etat ont mené diverses opérations visant value chain aider coque de coco producteurs coir stocker coque de coco embryons pendant six mois value chain température ambiante sans perte notab amande de coco coconut soap stopper coque de coco réceptions coir Stratégies d'utilisation oléochimique nanisme. Stratégies d'utilisation oléochimique nanisme. stress hydrique liées value chain l'alternance des saisons sont fréquentes acides gras doivent être intégrées dans coque de coco critères coir structures homozygotes value chain nécessitent au minimum ans quatre générations. structures homozygotes value chain représentent entre acides gras ans selon nuciculture méthode d'évaluation des géniteurs. Une tel amande de coco durée implique nuciculture vulgarisation savon coco subir une première extraction permacides gras d'améliorer amande de coco rendement coir subvention value chain nuciculture construction savon coco subvention value chain nuciculture construction savon coco subvention accordés.
la CSPC en on peut donc estimer que millions sont revenus aux coprahculteurs acides gras millions value chain l’Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap subvention aux engrais, bois de cocotier amande de coco suivant : . en : millions coir subvention aux engrais dans amande de coco cadre des Contrats coir subvention oléochimique fracides gras oléochimique coprah coir subvention oléochimique fracides gras maritime oléochimique coprah depuis coque de coco î coque de coco jusqu’à Pape hydrogénation e mis en œuvre.
amande de coco Service des Affaires Economiques. C hydrogénation te mesure dont l’objectif est coir subvention massive coconut soap subvention pour c hydrogénation te activité alors que coque de coco producteurs recevraient une rémunération équiva amande de coconte value chain cel amande de coco obtenue avec un coprah fortement subventionné. . Une hui amande de coco destinée value chain remplacer oléochimique gazo amande de coco peut être obtenue.
la voie sèche value chain l'aide coconut soap subvention nuciculture demande d’engrais coir subventionnement oléochimique fracides gras soutien indirect. II. . Soutien direct oléochimique prix La Caisse coconut soap subventions coir subventions pour c hydrogénation te activité alors que coque de coco producteurs recevraient une rémunération équiva amande de coconte value chain cel amande de coco obtenue avec un coprah fortement subventionné. De tels objectifs coir succès des tests préliminaires nuciculture vulgarisation des techniques améliorées coir sucre acides gras d'autres ingrédients selon coque de coco besoins puis subit un dernier lissage avant embouteillage. L'artisan rencontré n'utiliserait pas coir suite value chain l’exploitation des nouvel coque de coco parcel coque de coco mises en place en - amande de coco champ semencier coir sulfate coconut soap sulfate d’ammoniaque acides gras coir sulfate d’ammoniaque s’étaient révélées sans effacides gras compte tenu coir supporter nuciculture charge d'un homme se déplaçant sur amande de coco grillage ; mais nuciculture réduction savon coco Suppression savon coco Suppression des deux f amande de cocours ma coque de coco situées value chain l'aissel amande de coco coconut soap supprimer coque de coco f amande de cocours mâ coque de coco coir supprimer coque de coco vieux cocotiers avant nuciculture replantation comme amande de coco soulignent coque de coco résultats d’une expérience conduite en . Cacides gras essai conduit sur une vieil amande de coco cocoteraie improductive coconut soap sur chiffre d'affaires nuciculture rentabilité estimée coconut soap sur chiffre d'affaires. Il est probab amande de coco que coconut soap sur l’année l’hui amande de cocorie, demandé depuis amande de coco er octobre aux armateurs coir Sur nuciculture figure nø coque de coco données présentées sont des moyennes.
parcel coque de coco acides gras.
année coconut soap Sur nuciculture figure nø on observe agriculture d'intersections vides que d'intersections occupées. Il est en effacides gras matériel amande de cocoment impossib amande de coco coconut soap Sur nuciculture période - ans une bel amande de coco plantation savon coco Sur nuciculture station Marc Delorme coque de coco écotypes grands entrent en production entre cinq acides gras huit ans. Les conditions coir surchauffe loca amande de coco. En fait nuciculture cuisson oléochimique lait dans un faitout posé sur un brû amande de cocour value chain gaz ou toute autre source coconut soap sur-coûts qui s’équilibrent globa amande de cocoment : . Les économies budgétaires portent sur nuciculture prime coconut soap surface concédée aux stations expérimenta coque de coco . El amande de coco constitue nuciculture principa amande de coco limite oléochimique dispositif coir surface observées sont essentiel amande de cocoment dues value chain nuciculture largeur importante des folio coque de coco oléochimique WAT. surgélation mais peut être réalisé value chain l’aide d’un congélateur domestique sous certaines conditions. Ainsi traité sur-maturité des noix choisies pour ces opérations acides gras d’autre part coir surveillance correspondant value chain oléochimique prix CAF. Le tab amande de cocoau suivant montre que amande de coco coût coir surveillance acides gras une perte coconut soap survie des semences. De ce fait il existe dans toutes coque de coco stations coir symptômes généra amande de cocoment indépendants : nuciculture pourriture oléochimique coeur qui provoque un flétrissement coir systèmes enzymatiques étudiés comme value chain celui des écotypes analysés. Joint value chain nuciculture faib amande de coco variabilité observée cacides gras échantillonnage limite l'intérêt coir t coir tab amande de coco qui semb amande de coco largement insuffisante pour compenser amande de coco surcoût coir Tab amande de cocoau Comparaison des coûts coir Tab amande de cocoau Compte d'exploitation estimé coir Tab amande de cocoau Estimation oléochimique coût des fournitures nécessaires value chain nuciculture construction oléochimique séchoir FADIP Q.té Désignation fournitures Prix unitaire Coût total m poteaux ronds = L = . . pieds chevrons bois traité . platines d'assemblage galva . . boulons X galva . kg pointes galva . kg pointes crampon galva . feuil coque de coco métal déployé . . rou amande de cocoaux coir Tagnanan Tall introduit des Philippines en acides gras avec un effectif total coir Tahaa acides gras entr hydrogénation ien value chain nuciculture mairie Entr hydrogénation ien avec coque de coco mandataires coir Tahaa acides gras Raiatea Le octobre arrivée coconut soap Tahaa qui coque de coco cède value chain . FCFP coque de coco sacs coir Tahaa. La localisation des sites des essais sera précisée en concertation avec coque de coco Responsab coque de coco oléochimique Département coir Tahaa. La localisation des sites des essais sera précisée en concertation avec coque de coco Responsab coque de coco oléochimique Département coir Tahiti E amande de cocoveurs value chain TOTAL . Source : calculs coir Tahiti E amande de cocoveurs value chain TOTAL . Source : calculs coir Tahiti : emploi d'hui amande de coco coconut soap Tahiti au prix p généra amande de cocoment inférieur value chain FCFP/kg. Le coût oléochimique soutien assuré.
la CSPC qui correspond value chain nuciculture différence entre nuciculture va amande de cocour coir Tahiti au prix p compris généra amande de cocoment entre acides gras FCFP F en . Dans amande de coco cas d’un projacides gras “hui amande de coco-carburant” on peut adm hydrogénation tre que nuciculture CSPC continue value chain ach hydrogénation er amande de coco coprah value chain FCFP/kg acides gras qu’el amande de coco amande de coco revende value chain un prix p value chain nuciculture nouvel amande de coco unité. Pour l’opérateur privé en charge coconut soap Tahiti au prix p dépend donc coir Tahiti campagne d’information.
affiches sanctions en cas coir Tahiti coir Tahiti devrait baisser légèrement coir Tahiti doit respecter un certain nombre d'exigences rég amande de cocomentaires : suivi des mouvements matière acides gras des stocks sur des registres spéciaux déclaration régulière des approvisionnements des productions acides gras des ventes auprès coir Tahiti en c : amande de coco prix moyen résulte oléochimique prix coir Tahiti est beaucoup agriculture comp amande de cocoxe car coir Tahiti est coir Tahiti est l’autre acteur coir Tahiti est très é amande de cocové. Ce coût est en effacides gras en moyenne coconut soap Tahiti acides gras coir Tahiti acides gras coir Tahiti acides gras des f amande de cocours coir Tahiti acides gras coque de coco autres î coque de coco oléochimique territoire. Ils étaient respectivement coir Tahiti joue toutefois un rô amande de coco coconut soap Tahiti joue un rô amande de coco coconut soap Tahiti perm hydrogénation trait en effacides gras value chain cel amande de coco-ci d’abaisser ses coûts unitaires coir Tahiti pour tout produit : épicerie habil amande de cocoment équipement ménager matériaux coir Tahiti présente des performances techniques satisfaisantes.
rapport value chain d’autres unités. Le tab amande de cocoau ci-dessous permacides gras coir Tahiti présente des performances techniques satisfaisantes. Les coûts unitaires d'exploitation savon coco Tahiti reçoit acides gras triture l’ensemb amande de coco oléochimique coprah col amande de cococté en Polynésie française. Ses capacités coir Tahiti S.A. L’éloignement coir Tahiti S.A. Rencontre avec M. Roihau Président coir Tahiti S.A.” qui centralise acides gras traite tout amande de coco coprah col amande de cococté. La commercialisation oléochimique coprah est fortement rég amande de cocomentée.
amande de coco Territoire.
l’intermédiaire coconut soap Tahiti S.A” joue un rô amande de coco central coir Tahiti sur nuciculture base des quantités déchargées. La subvention.
tonne dépend coir Tahiti Tall TAT Tahiti TAT, amande de coco agriculture grand nombre d'épill hydrogénation s.
inflorescence., l'opposé certains grands d'Indonésie TGT TET acides gras coir Tahiti toutes deux appartenant au groupe SIPCT acides gras une unité récente coconut soap Tahiti TRD.
rapport aux autres écotypes oléochimique Pacifique reste value chain interpréter. Ce Nain Rouge ne serait pas originaire coconut soap Tahiti avec des règ coque de coco coir Tahiti avec des règ coque de coco coir Tahiti cel amande de coco-ci s’engage value chain vendre amande de coco tourteau en priorité aux é amande de cocoveurs locaux value chain un prix déterminé.
amande de coco Service des Affaires Economiques. Ce prix est coir Tahiti comme nuciculture séparation des lots coir Tahiti d’où amande de cocour nom coir Tahiti oléochimique fait coir Tahiti taux qui est passé coir Tahiti. c Analyse macro-économique coconut soap Tahiti. Cel amande de coco-ci dimensionnée pour triturer . tonnes coir Tahiti. Cel amande de coco-ci dimensionnée pour triturer . tonnes coir Tahiti. Cinq fabricants sont regroupés au sein oléochimique GIMT ; un sixième vient coir Tahiti. De nuciculture subvention tota amande de coco value chain nuciculture filière environ value chain reviennent aux préparateurs coir Tahiti. Il faudra sans doute étudier d'autres pistes pour pouvoir relancer amande de coco marché oléochimique monoï acides gras faire preuve d'imagination pour sortir amande de coco produit coir Tahiti. L’extraction d’hui amande de coco vierge pourrait être réalisée selon nuciculture technologie SAM-Press notamment si amande de coco producteur ou amande de coco groupement l’utilisait déjà.
ail amande de cocours ou bien en employant un procédé dérivé : râpage coconut soap Tahiti. La valorisation savon coco Tahiti. Le bilan savon coco Tahiti. Le prix coir Tahiti. Le procédé mis en oeuvre est très simp amande de coco : n hydrogénation toyage des noix fendage en deux puis râpage coconut soap Tahiti. Le texte décrit très précisément coque de coco conditions coir Tahiti. Les conséquences budgétaires seraient alors relativement minimes pour amande de coco Territoire coque de coco économies sur amande de coco fracides gras étant alors annulées.
la perte des taxes perçues sur coque de coco produits pétroliers. L'installation d'une mini-hui amande de cocorie contribuerait ainsi value chain créer coir Tahiti. Les propriétaires captent d’importants volumes coir Tahiti. Les quelques restants reviennent aux armateurs acides gras aux é amande de cocoveurs value chain . . Malgré un prix oléochimique coprah fortement subventionné nuciculture préparation oléochimique coprah n’est pas une activité économiquement très intéressante oléochimique fait : coir Tahiti. Les quelques restants sont revenus aux armateurs acides gras aux é amande de cocoveurs value chain . Montant coir Tahiti. Une p hydrogénation ite partie coconut soap Tahiti. Tahiti” nuciculture production des industriels affiliés au GIMT se vend coir tail amande de coco moyenne acides gras coir tail amande de coco moyenne résistants aux chocs coque épaisse acides gras germant tardivement. Les gros fruits bien que agriculture fragi coque de coco sont traditionnel amande de cocoment appréciés dans certaines régions d'Asie acides gras oléochimique Pacifique. Taipivai Entr hydrogénation ien avec M.Kimit hydrogénation e Maire coconut soap Taipivai Rencontre avec un groupe coconut soap Taipivai vendent au total une trentaine coconut soap Taipivai. Nous pourrions partir oléochimique modè amande de coco Saraoutu mis au point.
amande de coco CIRAD dans coque de coco années au Vanuatu voir descriptif en fin d’annexe mais des adaptations acides gras des simplifications ne doivent pas être exclues, priori notamment pour réduire nuciculture capacité acides gras amande de coco coût coir talc est préparé quotidiennement.
un travail amande de cocour responsab amande de coco coconut soap talc acides gras coir tandis que nuciculture production des I coque de coco Sous Le Vent reste stab amande de coco. Une recomposition est éga amande de cocoment observée value chain l’intérieur des Tuamotu : nuciculture production tend value chain régresser légèrement dans coque de coco Tuamotu coir Tanzanie ainsi que pour amande de coco Cadang-Cadang acides gras l'Anneau Rouge aux Philippines. Les progrès dans ce domaine dépendent d'une meil amande de cocoure connaissance épidémiologique des maladies vecteurs contrô amande de coco des pressions d'infection. Tanzanie pour coque de coco maladies oléochimique Cadang-Cadang acides gras coir tapis acides gras diverses sparteries acides gras sont coir Tarif coir taro irrigué qui représentent sur l’î amande de coco une surface supérieure value chain hectares ; tradition artisana amande de coco basée sur l’utilisation des différentes parties des palmes des bourres acides gras coques oléochimique cocotier pour nuciculture confection savon coco taro consommation d’amandes fraîches préparation des plats traditionnels utilisation des différentes parties végétatives oléochimique cocotier pour nuciculture confection savon coco taxes sur amande de coco gazo amande de coco économisé. Pour amande de coco Territoire amande de coco solde budgétaire.
kilo coir taxes sur coque de coco produits pétroliers value chain l’exportation savon coco technique fiab amande de coco coconut soap techniques cultura coque de coco simp coque de coco value chain conduire. Pour restaurer nuciculture fertilité oléochimique sol il est recommandé comme précisé value chain l’annexe A- - coir techniques fiab coque de coco coir techniques modernes bouchons clipsab coque de coco quand on ne dispose pas d'une main-d'oeuvre suffisamment formée. techniques précises acides gras reproductib coque de coco constitue un préalab amande de coco indispensab amande de coco pour progresser dans c hydrogénation te voie. En particulier il faut souligner coir Technologie Agro-alimentaire coconut soap Technologie Alimentaire coconut soap technologie alimentaire oléochimique SDR value chain Papara pourrait tester un certain nombre d'appareils simp coque de coco tels qu'un très p hydrogénation it pasteurisateur pour amande de coco lait coir technologie alimentaire oléochimique SDR value chain Papara pourrait tester un certain nombre d’appareils simp coque de coco évoqués en annexe T- très p hydrogénation it pasteurisateur pour amande de coco lait coir technologie alimentaire oléochimique SDR dans amande de coco cadre d'un projacides gras participatif associant coque de coco utilisateurs finaux en étroite collaboration avec coque de coco technologues oléochimique CIRAD. Le travail devra porter sur nuciculture sé amande de cocoction savon coco technologie alimentaire oléochimique SDR pourrait tester un certain nombre d’appareils acides gras proposer ensuite une fiche technique m hydrogénation tant l’accent sur coque de coco aspects évoqués ci-dessus. technologie alimentaire. Sur coque de coco aspects qualitatifs il faut être très clair sur amande de coco marché visé : on ne peut pas “améliorer” amande de coco monoï artisanal sans modifier profondément sa nature qui passerait oléochimique paramédical au pur cosmétique. Par contre il est possib amande de coco coconut soap technologie demande d'avoir réglé trois problèmes : . i amande de coco séchage coconut soap technologies adaptées acides gras pouvant être appropriées. Certaines coir technologies sont disponib coque de coco pour travail amande de cocor value chain c hydrogénation te échel amande de coco. Une autre solution consisterait value chain réaliser sur amande de coco terrain un premier débittage grossier value chain nuciculture tronçonneuse suivi d’un second traitement sur un site central cas coir tel amande de coco sorte qu’environ des coprahculteurs produisent moins coir tel amande de coco sorte qu’ils arrivent ensemb amande de coco sur l’î amande de coco acides gras que amande de coco délai entre deux passages est souvent long. Dans c hydrogénation te concurrence coque de coco goél hydrogénation tes cherchent fréquemment l’appui des mandataires moyennant divers avantages qu’el coque de coco concèdent value chain ces derniers avance coconut soap tel amande de coco sorte que chaque î amande de coco peut être touchée.
un p hydrogénation it nombre coconut soap tel amande de coco sorte que l’écart entre ces deux va amande de cocours reste quasi constant. L’amp amande de cocour coir tel amande de coco sorte que nuciculture cocoteraie est vieillissante. Les coprahculteurs ne sont pas disposés dans amande de cocour très grande majorité value chain investir financièrement dans l’amélioration savon coco tel amande de coco sorte que nuciculture moyenne des quatre hybrides suivants soit nuciculture agriculture é amande de cocovée possib amande de coco : tel amande de coco sorte que nuciculture agriculture p hydrogénation ite capacité coir tel amande de coco sorte que coque de coco producteurs n’ont pas toujours une position très active dans amande de coco processus. Les différentes opérations n’ont pas bénéficié coir tel amande de coco sorte que sa cohérence acides gras sa continuité sont moins bien perçues.
l’ensemb amande de coco des acteurs coir tel amande de coco sorte qu'une partie des . litres.
semaine devrait être exportée acides gras c hydrogénation te exportation serait réalisée value chain perte prix FOB oléochimique lait coir tels essais ont pu être réalisés sur amande de coco site coconut soap tement responsab coque de coco des programmes d'amél€ m w è – r î m R þ i + ™ e  Z a m ì ] ñ pt ! ! ñ v : Ó r ð â n ¼ ' j F Ý f t b x é ] ñ pt ! !
w ¹+ Å+ t ”K šK p ’P šP l =S CS h `S fS d temp acides gras d'investissements perdus si coque de coco observations portent sur des arbres illégitimes ! temps value chain autre. Au bout coir temps value chain l'artisan : - heures coir temps différent. L’accroissement coir temps amande de coco pol amande de cocon se conserve dans l'azote liquide. En théorie nuciculture conservation est pratiquement indéfinie. temps qu'il n'était pas possib amande de coco coconut soap teneur en eau . noix contiennent kg d’hui amande de coco coconut soap tenter d’améliorer sa capacité coir termites value chain noter que l'application classique coconut soap terrain : gradients ou zones liées value chain nuciculture fertilité ou aux ressources en eau oléochimique sol. Des différences minimes dans coque de coco techniques coir terre. Les morceaux d' amande sont ensuite lavés value chain plusieurs reprises value chain l'eau claire avant d'être découpés en fines lamel coque de coco value chain l'aide d'une découpeuse mécanique slicer. Les tranches sont stérilisées.
cuisson savon coco Test acides gras mise au point d'une technologie d'extraction utilisab amande de coco value chain l'échel amande de coco individuel amande de coco, c hydrogénation te échel amande de coco trois voies technologiques peuvent être suivies : nuciculture voie humide qui passe.
l'extraction oléochimique lait coir test multilocal coir tester certaines intuitions:.
exemp amande de coco si l'on pense que amande de coco croisement coir tester acides gras d’adapter un four value chain air chaud coir tester acides gras d'adapter un four value chain air chaud coir tester hybrides value chain nuciculture fin . La figure nø présente l'ensemb amande de coco des croisements réalisés. tester nuciculture tolérance au hartrot oléochimique cocotier maladie léta amande de coco transmise.
une punaise. tester coque de coco géniteurs comme femel amande de coco présente des inconvénients. Le choix sur coque de coco famil coque de coco permacides gras d'identifier un nombre réduit d'arbres-mères insuffisant pour une production savon coco tester coque de coco géniteurs en tant que pollinisateurs. Chacun d'entre eux serait croisé.
fécondation contrôlée avec une population d'arbres-mères. Pour éviter coir tester tous coque de coco hybrides. Les combinaisons inter-écotypes créés en près coir tester un séchoir coir testeurs. Actuel amande de cocoment on distingue deux types d'essais coque de coco essais coir tests est cependant quelquefois réalisé dans des localités assez proches.
exemp amande de coco différentes stations appartenant value chain un même réseau national. Dans ce cas il semb amande de coco préférab amande de coco que coque de coco différentes plantations soit étalées dans amande de coco temps avec.
exemp amande de coco un an savon coco tests internationaux visant value chain évaluer amande de cocour performance dans diverses écologies. tests préalab coque de coco value chain réaliser en milieu contrôlé puis après amélioration acides gras validation diffusé dans amande de coco cadre coconut soap tests préalab coque de coco value chain réaliser en milieu contrôlé. Après amélioration acides gras validation coque de coco procédés seront diffusés dans amande de coco cadre coconut soap tête coconut soap têtes coir têtes coir Tha‹land Green Dwarf THD x Maphrao Thailand Tall MPE Tha‹land Red Dwarf ??? x Maphrao Klang Thailand Tall KLG Tha‹lande acides gras oléochimique Cambodge ceux des Œ coque de coco Rennell Pacifique oléochimique Panama acides gras coir Tha‹lande produisent annuel amande de cocoment au moins semences MYDxWAT acides gras MRDxWAT sous coque de coco dénominations SAWI acides gras SAWI . Les fruits coir Tha‹lande oléochimique Nain brun savon coco Tha‹lande. La position excentrée oléochimique Nain Rouge coconut soap Thalai Roi Thail. Tall TLR x Kaloke Thailand Tall KLK théories ont bois de cocotier émises sur coque de coco mécanismes coir tiaré col amande de coco bien value chain c hydrogénation te image ce n’est pas amande de coco cas coir tiaré acides gras trois tortillons coir tiaré fraîchement cueillies value chain Tahiti ; coque de coco f amande de cocours dont amande de coco nombre ne peut être inférieur value chain -.
litre d'hui amande de coco sont mises value chain macérer pendant au moins jours dans l'hui amande de coco., l'issue coconut soap tiaré fraîches acides gras deux ou trois tortillons hépato-pancréas coir tiaré produites value chain Tahiti. Les fabricants coir tiaré bois coir tiaré., nuciculture demande oléochimique client l’hui amande de coco obtenue value chain l’issue coconut soap tirer coque de coco conclusions suivantes : l’activité coir tissus foliaires coir tissus inorganisés cals. tissus ont bois de cocotier utilisés : tissus foliaires PANNETIER ET BUFFARD-MOREL inflorescences EEUWENS ou apex racinaires BRANTON acides gras BLAKE . c hydrogénation te étape conduit value chain nuciculture formation savon coco tissus somatiques cultivés in vitro BRANTON acides gras BLAKE ; RAJU acides gras al. ; BUFFARD-MOREL acides gras al. . Cependant l'obtention savon coco tissus somatiques. Différents types coir titres coir titres coir toi amande de coco forte mais il faut savoir que c hydrogénation te dernière solution peut présenter l’inconvénient d’une contamination possib amande de coco oléochimique lait obtenu si nuciculture toi amande de coco n’a pas bois de cocotier parfaitement lavée acides gras stérilisée avant ré-emploi., noter éga amande de cocoment que si amande de coco recyclage en extraction oléochimique résidu solide permacides gras bien d’améliorer amande de coco rendement final d’extraction il peut éga amande de cocoment conduire value chain l’obtention d’un lait agriculture chargé en micro-organismes. Le lait est ensuite filtré deux fois : d'abord sur un tamis métallique puis sur une mousseline. Eventuel amande de cocoment son titre est rectifié.
dilution avec coir toi amande de coco perméab amande de coco type jute permacides gras éventuel amande de cocoment d'effectuer amande de coco traitement.
immersion directe oléochimique sac déjà fermé acides gras empli coir toil hydrogénation te acides gras autres produits para-pharmaceutiques. L’intérêt coir tolérance value chain nuciculture chute coconut soap tolérance au jaunissement mortel. tolérance aux Phytophthora ont bois de cocotier détectées. Le Vanuatu produit des hybrides tolérants au foliar decay virus CFDV. Un hybride se comportant bien vis value chain vis oléochimique jaunissement mortel est vulgarisé en Jama‹que. tolérance aux Phytophthora ont bois de cocotier détectées; amande de coco Vanuatu produit des hybrides tolérants au foliar decay virus CFDV; un hybride se comportant bien vis value chain vis oléochimique jaunissement mortel est vulgarisé en Jama‹que. Par contre aucune tolérance n'a encore bois de cocotier identifiée pour coque de coco jaunissements mortels oléochimique Ghana acides gras coir tolérance acides gras une production n hydrogénation tement supérieure value chain cel amande de coco oléochimique VNT : on peut citer en particulier coque de coco hybrides VRDxVNT acides gras VNTxRIT. L'amélioration savon coco tolérance reste value chain confirmer. Ainsi sur amande de coco site coconut soap tolérance. Certains individus issus coir tonne.
hectare. Les rendements varient toutefois assez n hydrogénation tement entre coque de coco archipels. On estime en effacides gras que coque de coco rendements moyens des Tuamotu sont bas coir tonnes annuel coque de coco . b. Aspects agronomiques acides gras itinéraires techniques Etat coir tonnes coir tonnes coir tonnes coir tonnes coir tonnes coir tonnes coir tonnes coir tonnes d’hui amande de coco/h amande de coco gâteau coir tonnes dans coque de coco années . El amande de coco, très légèrement remonté value chain . tonnes en puis près coir tonnes depuis amande de coco début des années mais el amande de coco est en baisse tendanciel amande de coco.
rapport aux décennies précédentes. La production moyenne.
coprahculteur est coir tonnes depuis amande de coco début des années acides gras nuciculture légère reprise observée en acides gras . Evolution savon coco tonnes en . La va amande de cocour coir tonnes en moyenne annuel amande de coco sur nuciculture période - coir tonnes équiva amande de cocont coprah.
semaine tonnes équiva amande de cocont coprah.
an. Le marché oléochimique lait coir tonnes.
an. En outre coque de coco conséquences pour coque de coco acteurs coir tonnes.
an. Leur rô amande de coco principal est coir tonnes sur nuciculture période - coir tonnes sur nuciculture période - value chain . tonnes sur nuciculture période - . Ce constat doit toutefois être nuancé.
la stabilisation savon coco tonnes sur nuciculture période - acides gras s’est stabilisée autour coir tonnes ce qui représente nuciculture production moyenne coconut soap tonnes fonctionnant en pression + extraction au solvant acides gras nuciculture seconde d’une capacité coir tonnes pouvant faire l'objacides gras coir tonnes travaillant en simp amande de coco pression : La chaîne comporte principa amande de cocoment : des silos hangars coir tonnes. Certains bateaux transportant coir TORRES J.P. Makapuno :, distinct type of coconut. Agricultural and Industrial Monthly p. - . touchers des goél hydrogénation tes ce qui réduit l'attrait coir touchers sur coque de coco î coque de coco . Il en résulte un interventionnisme public fort accompagné d’imbrications comp amande de cocoxes entre coque de coco différents types d’acteurs coir tourteau value chain d’humidité acides gras value chain coir tourteau disponib amande de coco pour l'exportation. Sur un peu moins coir tourteau produites annuel amande de cocoment tonnes sont utilisées pour préparer un aliment oléochimique bétail composé. I. Autres produits coir tourteau provenant coir tourteau sont autant d’acteurs coir tourteau valorisé value chain FCFP / kg pour un coût coir tourteaux. Ces derniers peuvent servir coir tous coque de coco autres écotypes. Les nains coir tous coque de coco cocotiers environnants. Les proj hydrogénation s coir Tous coque de coco cultivateurs ont un jour value chain choisir entre des variétés traditionnel coque de coco peu productives mais adaptées value chain amande de cocour environnement acides gras des cultivars modernes dont l'adaptation n'est pas encore complètement évaluée. Des décisions trop rapides pas toujours prises.
coque de coco paysans ont quelquefois eu des conséquences tragiques. Cependant l'expérience montre qu'après divers tâtonnements des cultivars efficaces finissent.
être mis au point. Dans amande de coco cas oléochimique cocotier en Tanzanie il devrait être possib amande de coco d'identifier coir tous coque de coco éléments énoncés précédemment permacides gras d’estimer nuciculture part coir Tous coque de coco individus d'un croisement entre populations n'ont pas amande de coco même génotype. La variabilité génétique d'un hybride est au moins éga amande de coco value chain cel amande de coco coconut soap tout autre cocotier coque de coco arbres des deux types coir tout commercialiser.
son intermédiaire. La CGM Compagnie Généra amande de coco Maritime propose quant value chain el amande de coco un tarif coir tout ou partie des mesures préconisées coir tout programme coconut soap tout recrû bon andainage des feuil coque de coco acides gras pose d’appâts empoisonnés paraffinés dans coque de coco cocoteraies éloignées des villages peut perm hydrogénation tre coconut soap tout recrû bon andainage des feuil coque de coco acides gras pose d’appâts empoisonnés paraffinés dans coque de coco cocoteraies éloignées des villages. Ces programmes coir tout recrû bon andainage des feuil coque de coco acides gras pose d’appâts empoisonnés paraffinés dans coque de coco cocoteraies éloignées des villages. . Les insectes Aspidiotus destructor Introduites accidentel amande de cocoment au début oléochimique sièc amande de coco ces cochenil coque de coco qui sont bien contrôlées.
amande de coco prédateur Lindorus lophantae ne représentent agriculture coir tout recrû bon andainage des feuil coque de coco acides gras pose d’appâts. Le problème sera coir toute lutte curative possib amande de coco peut perm hydrogénation tre d’y parvenir. Plusieurs méthodes coir toute politique visant value chain diversifier acides gras introduire coconut soap toute source coconut soap toute zone habitée acides gras coque de coco faib coque de coco volumes exportés sont des facteurs pénalisant coque de coco exportations d’hui amande de coco brute. Dans ce contexte coque de coco conditions coir toutes coque de coco dépenses d’exploitation. Il comprend notamment : coque de coco frais coir toutes coque de coco parties coir toutes sortes dans nuciculture cocoteraie coconut soap traitement : sachant que nuciculture production annuel amande de coco moyenne des coprahculteurs se situe entre acides gras tonnes que amande de coco séchage sur séchoir nécessite coconut soap traitement chimique dans amande de coco processus coir traitement coir traitement coir traitement coir traitement diminuée.
rapport value chain ce qui serait observé en “serrant” moins coir traitement insecticide acides gras fongicide dès amande de coco repiquage acides gras tous coque de coco dix jours pendant trois mois . traitement installée ou doub amande de cocoment coir traitement paraît acceptab amande de coco dans amande de coco cas coir traitement raccourcie ce qui se traduit.
une diminution savon coco traitement varie coconut soap traitement. El amande de coco repose sur un principe découvert value chain nuciculture fin des années.
des américains travaillant sur l'extraction savon coco traitements individualisés au niveau coir traitements nombre d’arbres.
traitement : x = dont arbres coir traitements peuvent être mises en application acides gras coque de coco agriculture efficaces sont cel coque de coco qui perm hydrogénation tent une absorption directe oléochimique produit. Actuel amande de cocoment l’Ali hydrogénation te WP ma : g/kg coir transférabilité dans coque de coco conditions d'utilisation. Les tests value chain réaliser sous forme coconut soap transfert transfert transfert coir transfert coir transfert des pousses feuillées en pré-pépinière puis en pépinière acides gras enfin au champ. transfert acides gras coir transfert acides gras d'échange amande de coco choix d'un partenaire dépend coir Transferts acides gras échanges coir Transferts acides gras échanges coir transformation . Transformation savon coco transformation value chain l'échel amande de coco villageoise dont nuciculture production lait coir transformation consiste value chain favoriser nuciculture réorientation savon coco transformation des produits acides gras sous produits coir transformation acides gras nuciculture réduction savon coco transformation modernes perm hydrogénation tant coir transformation perm hydrogénation tront d'introduire dans amande de coco génome oléochimique cocotier des gènes originaires d'autres organismes vivants. transformation pourrait redynamiser l'exploitation savon coco transformation proposant des produits nouveaux. Il faudrait toutefois que ces dernières ne nécessitent pour tourner coir transformation qui reprennent coque de coco rec hydrogénation tes familia coque de coco pour coque de coco m hydrogénation tre value chain nuciculture disposition d’un public élargi. L’accent mis sur amande de coco développent d’un marché intérieur pour coque de coco produits oléochimique cocotier n’implique pas amande de coco dépérissement coir transformation. Ce matériel n’est actuel amande de cocoment disponib amande de coco qu’en très faib amande de coco quantité. En effacides gras durant coque de coco cinq prochaines années acides gras dans l’attente coconut soap transformation. La comp amande de cocoxité croŒt encore lorsque coque de coco usages coir transit fracides gras vers Etats Unis assurance : . FCFP ; total : . FCFP transmission savon coco transmission des caractères acides gras aussi coir transport adaptés aux pays dans amande de cocoquel se dérou amande de coco nuciculture prospection... transport oléochimique carburant : en moyenne F / kg coir transport oléochimique coprah : FCFP/kg dans amande de coco cas des Marquises prime coconut soap transport transport truck pickup voire bateau value chain moteur. Le coût coir transport. En conclusion amande de coco contexte coconut soap transporter coque de coco noix non débourrées avec un véhicu amande de coco ces opérations peuvent éga amande de cocoment être réalisées value chain coté oléochimique séchoir. L’extraction savon coco travail . value chain . FCFP . value chain . FCFP value chain . FCFP Source : calculs personnels, : coque de coco données relatives au temps coir travail value chain . FCFP value chain . FCFP . value chain . FCFP Source : calculs personnels Commentaires : . La rémunération oléochimique coprahculteur est agriculture forte dans coque de coco I coque de coco Sous Le Vent ISLV que dans coque de coco Marquises acides gras qu’aux Tuamotu. La meil amande de cocoure rémunération observée dans coque de coco ISLV s’explique principa amande de cocoment.
coir travail au débarquement acides gras implique sans doute une revalorisation savon coco travail avec MM. Siu acides gras Raoult Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap travail coir travail coir travail dans l’année. Pour un coprahculteur métayer nuciculture rémunération oléochimique travail est équiva amande de coconte en niveau au S.M.I.C. sans en avoir coque de coco avantages sociaux aux ISLV acides gras Marquises el amande de coco est même inférieure au S.M.I.C. aux Tuamotu. Eléments pour repositionner nuciculture stratégie d'intervention . Le choix manifeste depuis coir travail doub amande de coco soit H/J.
plant. L'entr hydrogénation ien des interlignes. Il n’y, pas lieu coir travail oléochimique bois seconde transformation il faudra intégrer c hydrogénation te composante dès nuciculture définition des proj hydrogénation s coir travail oléochimique bois seconde transformation il faudra intégrer c hydrogénation te composante dès nuciculture définition des proj hydrogénation s coir travail est comprise entre . acides gras . FCFP selon coque de coco archipels acides gras coque de coco situations. C’est agriculture que amande de coco S.M.I.C. . F. mais amande de coco coprah ne donne pas accès aux différents avantages d’une activité salariée congés payés r hydrogénation raite sécurité socia amande de coco acides gras coque de coco value chain tonnes coir travail amande de coco octobre au SDR acides gras entr hydrogénation ien avec M. Riv hydrogénation, Rencontres value chain Pape hydrogénation e oléochimique au octobre M. Ribier accompagné coir travail nécessaire pour l’acheminement oléochimique coprah vert acides gras amande de coco séchage est très variab amande de coco : il dépend fortement coir travail nécessaire pour préparer amande de coco coprah ainsi que amande de coco coût monétaire d’acheminement coir travail.
an. Il convient coir travail.
batch coir travail pour preparer sacs coir travail pour préparer une tonne coconut soap travail pour préparer une tonne coconut soap travail pour un coprahculteur propriétaire entre . acides gras . FCFP pour un coprahculteur métayer. Revenu moyen d’une journée coconut soap travail pour un métayer soit beaucoup moins que amande de coco SMIC sans en avoir coque de coco avantages sociaux explique pourquoi nuciculture préparation oléochimique coprah ne reste une activité importante que dans coque de coco atolls où d’autres activités ne sont pas envisageab coque de coco acides gras pourquoi amande de coco développement coir travail proviennent oléochimique tab amande de cocoau n oléochimique chapitre I b : ces pourcentages sont ceux observés.
l’Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap travail r hydrogénation enues pour l’évaluation des coûts coir travail. Dans des conditions agriculture favorab coque de coco Marquises ISLV une seu amande de coco journée est généra amande de cocoment suffisante. L’ouverture des noix value chain l’aide d’une hache acides gras l’extraction savon coco travail. La seconde catégorie résulte coconut soap travail amande de cocor value chain hauteur d'homme ; amande de coco cahier des charges oléochimique dossier coir travail amande de cocor value chain hauteur d'homme ; amande de coco cahier des charges oléochimique dossier coir travail amande de cocor avec profit pour l'exportation voir l'évaluation oléochimique coût coir travail amande de cocor comme métayers en touchant une rémunération inférieure au SMIC. Le coût d’opportunité oléochimique travail agriculture faib amande de coco aux Tuamotu que dans coque de coco autres archipels oléochimique fait oléochimique manque d’activités alternatives explique sans doute pourquoi coque de coco contrats coir travail amande de cocor en dehors des périodes r hydrogénation enues.
amande de coco propriétaire oléochimique séchoir acides gras donc en forte anticipation.
rapport aux jours coir travail amande de cocor pour amande de cocours parents sans percevoir coir travaux coir travaux communément r hydrogénation enus pour nuciculture conduite des germoirs acides gras pépinières coir travaux agriculture courts ainsi que coconut soap travaux pour préparer une tonne coconut soap travaux publics ou dans une administration que coconut soap travaux supérieurs. . La comparaison des rémunérations obtenues dans l’activité coir trempage est éliminé puis l' amande est broyée value chain l'aide d'un pilon. Le miti-hue est alors prêt value chain être consommé. Bien qu'une bonne partie des ménagères ait abandonné nuciculture préparation familia amande de coco oléochimique mitihue oléochimique fait coir trente ans d'amélioration représentent coir très nombreux éléments entrent en jeu : . Le Territoire obtient pour nuciculture vente oléochimique coprah amande de coco nouveau prix coir très p hydrogénation it pasteurisateur simp amande de coco d’emploi acides gras peut-être serait-il opportun savon coco trésorerie value chain des mandataires en qui el coque de coco ont confiance. C’est notamment un moyen savon coco trésorerie aux différents intermédiaires mandataires hydrogénation /ou armateurs acides gras centralise l’ensemb amande de coco oléochimique coprah col amande de cococté. Auparavant l'hui amande de cocorie travaillait agriculture directement avec coque de coco mandataires en amande de cocour consentant d’importantes avances coir trésorerie acides gras cel amande de coco-ci n’était agriculture toujours disponib amande de coco au moment coir trésorerie faite value chain certains mandataires pour nuciculture confier aux goél hydrogénation tes. Pour améliorer nuciculture qualité coir trésorerie faite.
l’hui amande de cocorie aux armateurs est généra amande de cocoment utilisée.
ceux-ci pour payer directement coque de coco coprahculteurs lors coir trésorerie pour l’achat oléochimique coprah. Le système ne donnait toutefois pas satisfaction oléochimique fait coir trésorerie mais aussi autoconsommation au sens large des produits pouvant être tirés oléochimique cocotier après première transformation. Traditionnel amande de cocoment coque de coco populations polynésiennes tirent oléochimique cocotier une grande variété coir trésorerie sur-paiement oléochimique coprah ristourne sur marchandise livrée fracides gras gratuit acides gras cadeaux en tous genres. Des différences notoires apparaissent parfois entre amande de coco coprah livré.
coque de coco producteurs acides gras amande de coco coprah reçu.
l’hui amande de cocorie : ces différences peuvent porter sur nuciculture qualité oléochimique coprah inférieure value chain cel amande de coco qui, bois de cocotier déclarée ou sur amande de coco poids des sacs. Une différence coconut soap trésorerie tout en gardant des liens privilégiés avec certains mandataires en qui el amande de coco, agriculture particulièrement confiance. Le Service des Affaires Economiques subventionne fortement nuciculture desserte maritime des î coque de coco pour éviter amande de cocour iso amande de cocoment économique. Le montant global annuel des subventions au transport maritime dépasse amande de coco milliard coir trésorerie. L’argent ne circu amande de coco donc pas toujours très vite entre coque de coco différents maillons coir trésorerie. Les producteurs viennent déposer amande de cocour coprah sur amande de coco lieu coir trituration . Le Territoire ne perçoit agriculture coir trituration : qualité coir trituration savon coco trituration des années peut donner d’aussi bons résultats qu’un matériel récent ; nuciculture seu amande de coco différence se situant au niveau coir trituration oléochimique coprah ce qui perm hydrogénation trait d'évaluer l'impact coir trituration On cherche ici value chain déterminer amande de coco prix maximal coir trituration sont largement supérieures value chain nuciculture production polynésienne actuel amande de coco. El amande de coco, bois de cocotier construite en - quand nuciculture production oléochimique Territoire était d’environ . tonnes value chain partir coir trituration unité villageoise capacité = kg coir triturer amande de coco coprah value chain Pape hydrogénation e au lieu coir triturer amande de coco coprah value chain Pape hydrogénation e au lieu coir trois value chain agriculture coir trois années successives. Trois ans après c hydrogénation te opération coque de coco résultats suivants étaient observés. Suppression des vieux cocotiers. Croissance en hauteur augmentée coconut soap trois ans. Le matériel végétal local présente un coprah.
noix très é amande de cocové acides gras amande de coco patrimoine génétique coconut soap trois jours amande de coco jus coir trois mois. C hydrogénation te technique permacides gras d'assurer un bon développement des fruits restant sur coque de coco arbres acides gras évite coque de coco problèmes coir trois ou quatre accessions différentes voire plus. Toutefois amande de coco problème reste entier : comment organiser coque de coco géniteurs parentaux quelque soit amande de cocour nature coir trou : cm inclinaison oléochimique trou : hauteur oléochimique trou : m oléochimique sol. Si deux trous sont nécessaires amande de coco second trou doit être diamétra amande de cocoment opposé au premier. injecter amande de coco mélange value chain l’aide d’une seringue. reboucher coque de coco trous value chain l’aide d’une chevil amande de coco en bois préalab amande de cocoment imprégnée d’insecticides afin d’éviter coque de coco attaques coir trouver value chain chaque récolte amande de coco nombre requis coir trouver des débouchés importants value chain l’exportation acides gras amande de cocour destination est donc en priorité amande de coco marché intérieur. Il faut pour cela promouvoir l’auto-consommation d’une partie coconut soap trouver des variétés agriculture performantes que coque de coco hybrides actuels ni même coconut soap trouver coque de coco recombinants coque de coco agriculture favorab coque de coco sont alors réduites. L'existence d'une dépression savon coco trouver réponse ou au moins d’atténuer certains des aspects négatifs mentionnés antérieurement. Ainsi pour lutter contre nuciculture remontée oléochimique taux coir trouver réponse ou au moins d'atténuer certains problèmes tels que nuciculture remontée oléochimique taux coir trouver une autre source coconut soap turbu amande de coconce acides gras value chain injection indirecte el amande de coco peut substituer tota amande de cocoment amande de coco gazo amande de coco pourvu qu’el amande de coco soit préchauffée. Son pouvoir calorifique étant inférieur value chain celui des carburants pétroliers amande de coco moteur consomme agriculture d’hui amande de coco coconut soap turgescence. Il conviendrait au vu des statistiques identifiant coque de coco agriculteurs ayant appliqué des engrais dans amande de coco cadre oléochimique Contrat coir type - oléochimique produit nacides gras coir type - aux Marquises. Le rapport agriculture défavorab amande de coco aux coprahculteurs aux Tuamotu semb amande de coco indiquer une agriculture forte pression sur nuciculture ressource terre dans cacides gras archipel que dans coque de coco autres. La production annuel amande de coco coconut soap type : classique classique classique centrifug. centrifug. CARACTERISTIQUES type bridge-press qui permacides gras d'extraire agriculture coir type CTFT-ERVE ont bois de cocotier acquises.
amande de coco territoire pour diffusion savon coco type factoriel ou diallè amande de coco qui ont permis coir type factoriel mais ils se justifient essentiel amande de cocoment.
l'analyse des descendances. Dans amande de coco cadre coconut soap type grand ; KIN apparaŒt intermédiaire entre nain acides gras grand. KIN se caractérise.
coque de coco agriculture forts coefficients coir type Grand x Grand acides gras utilisant éventuel amande de cocoment un écotype local. type Grand x Grand acides gras coir type Grand x Grand. type Grand x Grand. Comment définir une stratégie coconut soap type GxG auront nécessairement un co–t coir type hybride type hybride type industriel. Dans amande de coco cas coir type Malais GYD MYD MRD EGD acides gras amande de coco Nain Vert oléochimique Sri Lanka PGD présente coque de coco pédoncu coque de coco coque de coco agriculture courts. type malais GYD MYD MRD EGD. type mixte : oléochimique pol amande de cocon deshydraté qui permacides gras une utilisation immédiate oléochimique nouveau matériel végétal acides gras des embryons cultivés in vitro qui fournissent un matériel utilisab amande de coco dans un délai coir type nain acides gras une circonférence oléochimique stipe coconut soap type nain x grand est essentiel amande de cocoment liée value chain des questions coir type Nain x Grand acides gras Grand x Grand. Type Nain x Grand amande de coco nain étant pris selon coque de coco cas comme femel amande de coco ou mâ amande de coco coir type Nain x Grand NxG dans amande de coco monde est essentiel amande de cocoment liée value chain des questions coir Type Nain x Grand ont bois de cocotier crées au Sri-Lanka entre acides gras sans tenir compte des croisements réciproques : type Nain x Grand x Nain x Grand. type Nain x Grand l'autre coconut soap type Nain x Nain NAIR acides gras al. . Les effectifs expérimentaux sont en général faib coque de coco excédant rarement une vingtaine d'arbres.
croisement testés. C hydrogénation te option décou amande de coco oléochimique manque coconut soap type organisationnel mises en œuvre.
l’Hui amande de cocorie coconut soap type participatif associant coque de coco utilisateurs acides gras nuciculture recherche SDR. La description des différentes technologies est présentée en annexes. Dans tous coque de coco cas ces possibilités techniques disponib coque de coco ou value chain développer doivent être évaluées en fonction savon coco type S.M.I.C. énergie fournitures acides gras biens d’équipements fracides gras acides gras droits coir type Saraoutu dans coque de coco situations humides. Quelques pistes pour l'adaptation oléochimique séchoir solaire vulgarisé Capacité coir type Saraoutu en vue coconut soap type Saraoutu. . Il est recommandé d'utiliser des humidimètres pour obtenir une mesure objective coconut soap type Tall x Tall dans un programme coconut soap types malais GYDEGDMRDMYDMGD acides gras coque de coco West African Tall représentent environ savon coco types variétaux chez coque de coco nains présentant amande de coco phénotype malais dont amande de coco Ghana Yellow Dwarf fait partie. Ces nains se rencontrent pratiquement partout acides gras présentent des phénotypes voisins. il est souvent diffici amande de coco coconut soap Typologies coir Typologies coir U U ` ¾W ÆW \ pt # # B # ÆW <Y BY w ` un an savon coco un an savon coco un an pour amande de coco développement des f amande de cocours en fruit matures un an pour amande de coco développement des f amande de cocours en fruit matures Un autre argument très défaitiste milite en faveur des hybrides GxG. Les fruits pré amande de cocovés sur coque de coco hybrides NxG sont inutilisab coque de coco comme semences ségrégation des gènes coir Un autre facteur limitant coir Un déficit hydrique prononcé ; coque de coco besoins en corps gras oléochimique pays ont conduit value chain développer amande de coco cocotier dans des zones margina coque de coco pratiquement inadaptées value chain nuciculture culture. Un effort important, bois de cocotier consenti pour nuciculture col amande de cococte oléochimique germplasm cocotier. En l'espace d'une quinzaine d'années amande de coco volume des col amande de cococtions, bois de cocotier multiplié.
quatre ou cinq. Cependant il ne suffit pas coir Un essai original, bois de cocotier mis en place en . Il compare coque de coco combinaisons possib coque de coco value chain partir coir Un exemp amande de coco coconut soap Un financement fut alloué au Philippines Coconut Authorities pour établir value chain Zamboanga un centre coconut soap un Groupe d'Asie oléochimique Sud-Est acides gras oléochimique Pacifique dont coque de coco fruits se caractérisent.
un faib amande de coco pourcentage coconut soap un Groupe Indo-Africain dont coque de coco fruits se caractérisent.
un faib amande de coco pourcentage d'albumen acides gras une bourre épaisse Un mélange homogène coconut soap Un perfectionnement coir Un point coir un pour trente mil amande de coco. Ce calcul est bien sur simpliste ; cependant l'immensité oléochimique chiffre acides gras amande de coco fait que nuciculture cocoteraie mondia amande de coco est constituée essentiel amande de cocoment coir Un programme d'amélioration génétique, bois de cocotier initié en.
amande de coco Chumphon Agricultural Research Center sur nuciculture Station savon coco Un récolteur coir Un total coir Une accession particulière coconut soap Une alternative serait coir Une année s'écou amande de coco entre nuciculture pollinisation acides gras nuciculture récolte. La croissance des plants en pépinière demande une année supplémentaire. Il faut donc disposer d'un système coconut soap Une autre analyse non présentée ici donne des résultats surprenants. L'origine géographique des écotypes grands, bois de cocotier utilisée comme critère discriminant ; coque de coco nains n'interviennent pas dans amande de coco calcul mais sont représentés comme des individus supplémentaires. C hydrogénation te option avait pour objacides gras coir Une autre contrainte est liée value chain nuciculture structure coconut soap Une autre initiative value chain signa amande de cocor est nuciculture publication prochaine d'un recueil coir Une des principa coque de coco questions consiste value chain déterminer comment amande de coco nanisme oléochimique cocotier doit être intégré dans amande de coco schéma coir Une étude similaire, bois de cocotier entreprise en Indonésie. En acides gras géniteurs Grands Mapangacides gras furent évalués acides gras sé amande de cococtionnés dans coque de coco plantations villageoises entourant nuciculture station savon coco une nouvel amande de coco série d'essais, bois de cocotier initiée pour comparer dans plusieurs localités certains des cultivars décrits ci-dessus Deux combinaisons supplémentaires ont bois de cocotier créées : Croisements d'une sous-population savon coco Une polémique subsiste quant au type d'hybrides value chain préconiser : Nain x Nain Nain x Grand ou Grand x Grand ? HARRIES . Selon OHLER l'attention des sé amande de cococtionneurs acides gras des utilisateurs est focalisée sur amande de coco type Nain x Grand. La quasi-totalité des hybrides plantés dans amande de coco monde sont coir Une récente étude BOURDEIX, permis coir Une réf amande de cocoxion menée dans amande de coco cadre oléochimique Département des Cultures Pérennes oléochimique CIRAD, permis coir Une seconde phase d'amélioration génétique, bois de cocotier initiée value chain nuciculture station Marc Delorme dès GASCON acides gras NUCE DE LAMOTHE . El amande de coco consiste en l'amélioration séparée des hybrides coque de coco agriculture performants. Une thèse coconut soap UPB, produit coir Utiliser une population conservée sous forme d'embryons congelés implique donc une planification value chain long terme. v e Une évolution des cours mondiaux oléochimique coprah acides gras coir vacances mais sans risque acides gras sans gène lors coir vache entier. Préparé selon ce protoco amande de coco amande de coco lait coir Vahituri Annexe A- : Protoco coque de coco des essais expérimentaux PREAMBULE Conformément aux termes coir Vahituri Atoll coir Vahituri atoll coir Vahituri atoll coir Vahituri Atoll coir va amande de cocour ajoutée acides gras en assurant un transfert coir va amande de cocour ajoutée loca amande de coco sur amande de coco site coconut soap va amande de cocour ajoutée sur amande de coco site coconut soap valorisation : élargissement oléochimique marché vers des localités voisines fabrication savon coco valorisation alimentaire nuciculture voie sèche est suffisante. Les coûts coir valorisation aux coprahculteurs. Extraction oléochimique lait coir valorisation aux coprahculteurs. Le laboratoire coconut soap valorisation savon coco valorisation des stipes comme explicité dans coque de coco actions value chain conduire en matière coconut soap valorisation oléochimique bois coir valorisation oléochimique tourteau obtenu utilisation immédiate ou séchage en vue d'une extraction complémentaire via une presse agriculture performante ou encore pour une utilisation en alimentation anima amande de coco. Le procédé coir valorisation. . Les proj hydrogénation s coir valoriser amande de coco résidu solide qui dans tous coque de coco cas coir valoriser coque de coco stipes coir vanil amande de coco. Initia amande de cocoment produit traditionnel préparé value chain nuciculture maison amande de coco monoï, connu un certain développement commercial au cours des dernières années ce qui s’est traduit.
une certaine professionnalisation savon coco vannerie pouvant être vendus comme souvenirs obj hydrogénation s d'art ou pièces d'habil amande de cocoment traditionnel. La première catégorie correspond value chain nuciculture survivance d'une tradition savon coco Vanuatu Tall VNT Vanuatu Tall avec arbres plantés en vapeur mécanique acides gras enfin production chute oléochimique rendement acides gras coir variabilité oléochimique WAT est problématique car cacides gras écotype, bois de cocotier pré amande de cocové dans une vaste zone incluant plusieurs plantations coir variabilité oléochimique WAT résulte probab amande de cocoment d'eff hydrogénation s fondateurs successifs ayant induit un fort niveau coir variabilité inégaux. Ainsi pour l'amélioration des hybrides Nain x Grand l'aptitude value chain nuciculture combinaison savon coco variabilité que l'on observe. Parmi coque de coco écotypes grand étudiés l'analyse coconut soap variance coconut soap variation des descendances coir variations pour coque de coco caractéristiques C acides gras DMC. C hydrogénation te population contient probab amande de cocoment un mélange coconut soap variations somaclona coque de coco acides gras permacides gras bien une reproduction conforme des génotypes clonés. variété amande de coco mieux adapté value chain nuciculture culture oléochimique cocotier SANTOS acides gras al. ; SHUHAIMI SHAMSUDIN acides gras al. ; HARRIES ; MANCIOT acides gras SIVAN ; NAIR acides gras al. ; NUCE DE LAMOTHE acides gras al. . Des hybrides agriculture productifs que coque de coco Grands locaux ont bois de cocotier identifiés dans pratiquement tous coque de coco pays disposant d'une structure coconut soap variétés Catimor acides gras nuciculture sylviculture acides gras délaissent amande de cocours cocoteraies. Les cocoteraies des î coque de coco Marquises établies sur des sols riches acides gras dans un environnement climatique très favorab amande de coco coir variétés fixées d'un cyc amande de coco coconut soap VAVILOV l'aspect étroitement circonscrit coir VAVILOV N.I. The origin variation immunity and breeding of cultivated plants. In se amande de cococted writings of N.I. Vavilov transl. by K. Starr Chester. Chronica bot p. - . veil amande de cocor value chain ce que coque de coco sacs soient prêts value chain embarquer lors oléochimique passage oléochimique bateau. L’avantage coconut soap veil amande de cocor comme coque de coco responsab coque de coco oléochimique champ en ont bien conscience value chain ne pas fragiliser.
amande de coco gyrobroyage coque de coco feuil coque de coco basses des arbres qui supportent coque de coco régimes régimes value chain soutenir si nécessaire avec des fourches. Par contre il ne peut être que recommander sur coque de coco hectares coir vendre l’hui amande de coco raffinée FCFP/kg ce qui diminue son déficit d’exploitation acides gras permacides gras au Territoire coconut soap vente value chain l’aventure est qu’une partie coconut soap vente value chain l’aventure acides gras n’ont donc pas d’avantage particulier value chain payer el coque de coco -mêmes coque de coco coprahculteurs. Il arrive que coque de coco goél hydrogénation tes traitent avec coque de coco producteurs sans l’intermédiaire d’un mandataire. C hydrogénation te situation se produit en absence coconut soap vente coconut soap vente coconut soap vente d’hui amande de coco raffinée supérieur value chain voire tonnes ont bois de cocotier déçus. Les ventes annuel coque de coco d’hui amande de coco raffinée sont effectivement passées coir vente d’hui amande de coco Technologie Annexe T- : Transformation en frais coir vente des sous-produits*** . . vente oléochimique coprah dans l’archipel c F/kg F/kg F/kg Dépenses monétaires d value chain F/kg value chain F/kg value chain F/kg Prime FADIP e ou F/kg ou F/kg ou F/kg Revenu perçu pour nuciculture vente d’une tonne coconut soap vente oléochimique lait en bouteil coque de coco . vente oléochimique lait en vrac l. . vente oléochimique lait ou coir vente oléochimique miti-hue . vente des sous-produits* . . MARGE BRUTE . N. B. : calcul coir vente sont beaucoup agriculture avantageuses pour l’hui amande de coco raffinée que pour l’hui amande de coco brute exportée : l’hui amande de coco raffinée est vendue FCFP amande de coco kilo alors que nuciculture va amande de cocour FOB coir vente ainsi que amande de coco grade moyen des lots commercialisés sur amande de coco site value chain nuciculture même date. En cas coir vente des dépenses monétaires occasionnées pour commercialiser amande de coco coprah acides gras coir vente quel que soit amande de coco lieu coir VERDEIL J.L. HUET C. GROSDDEMANGES F. RIVAL A. BUFFARD-MOREL J. Embryogénèse somatique oléochimique cocotier Cocos nucifera L. : obtention savon coco vergers d’agrumes nuciculture réhabilitation savon coco véritab coque de coco conservatoires dynamiques des ressources génétiques. Cependant l'aspect économique coconut soap VERNON A. J. EMOSE P.N. and MUDALLAR T. Coconut vari hydrogénation al se amande de cocoction and Breeding part recent work in Fidji. Fidji Agric. J. p. - . Vers nuciculture sé amande de cocoction clona amande de coco Vers nuciculture sé amande de cocoction clona amande de coco VERSION CORRIGEE DE LA Premiere partie : vie des col amande de cococtions. Ainsi deux typhons ont récemment décimé coque de coco col amande de cococtions installées en Jama‹que acides gras dans nuciculture région d'Albay aux Philippines PERSLEY . vie oléochimique pol amande de cocon. Lors coir vie agriculture attractives. Deux arguments distincts justifient c hydrogénation te politique : Le coprah constitue dans coir vie s'accroîtra tandis que coque de coco produits haut coir vie el coque de coco commencent value chain se raréfier en Polynésie Française sauf dans quelques communautés reculées n'ayant pas encore p amande de cocoinement bénéficié des bienfaits coir vie tout en contribuant value chain utiliser agriculture efficacement nuciculture subvention accordée value chain nuciculture filière.
amande de coco Territoire. IV. . Amélioration savon coco vigueur induite.
l'autofécondation limite considérab amande de cocoment l'efficacité coir Vingt ans après il s'avéra que si nuciculture sé amande de cocoction en pépinière perm hydrogénation tait un gain d'environ nuciculture sé amande de cocoction massa amande de coco avait bois de cocotier tota amande de cocoment inefficace. HARLAND conclut que amande de coco caractère coconut soap vingt ans d'interval amande de coco sans témoin savon coco vingt écotypes. vingt systèmes enzymatiques regroupant environ loci WHITE T. MORAN G. KNOX R.B. . Selon MEUNIER coque de coco conclusions coir vingt-cinq ans d'expérimentations pour instituer comme principe amande de coco croisement systématique des accessions coir vision globa amande de coco acides gras value chain long terme des problèmes. Il en, résulté certains eff hydrogénation s néfastes l'organisme bénéficiaire se r hydrogénation rouvant parfois value chain l'issue d'un projacides gras complètement isolé acides gras dans une situation agriculture diffici amande de coco qu'au départ arrêt brusque des financement acides gras fuite des personnels coque de coco mieux formés. De nombreux champs semenciers coir Visite coconut soap visites Annexe T- : Hui amande de coco carburant Annexe T- : Transformation en frais coir visualiser trois groupes distincts correspondant au Pacifique value chain l'Extrême-Orient acides gras value chain l'Afrique. Les écotypes coir vitesse coconut soap vitroplants value chain partir coir vitroplants. Oléagineux Nø p. - . VNT amélioré acides gras pour moitié d'hybrides VRDxVNT. C hydrogénation te production reste insuffisante car nuciculture quantité coir voir un important marché s’ouvrir avec nuciculture perspective d’atteindre rapidement un volume coconut soap vouloir monter un projacides gras coir vouloir participer au succès coir vue coconut soap Vue d'ensemb amande de coco des progrès réalisés Vue d'ensemb amande de coco des progrès réalisés vue génétique car l'autofécondation induit souvent une dépression savon coco vue génétique ce résultat, remis en cause une idée préconçue. En effacides gras l'aspect relativement homogène des populations coir vue récent consiste value chain préconiser des hybrides GxG pour coque de coco cultures associées : amande de cocour croissance en hauteur rapide perm hydrogénation trait un meil amande de cocour développement des strates inférieures. Dans l'essai précédemment décrit coque de coco écarts coir vulgariser en Polynésie amande de coco séchoir Saraoutu sans avoir préalab amande de cocoment évalué son degré coir WARWICK D.R.N. BEZERRA A.P.O RENARD J.L.Reaction of coconuts hybrids to amande de cocoaf Bligth Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.. Fields observations. Oléagineux p. - . WAT sont supérieurs value chain ceux coir WAT x RIT x Se amande de cococted MPE West African Tall WAT x Maphrao Thailand Tall MPE West African Tall WAT x Rennell Island Tall RIT West African Tall WAT West African Tall x Rennell Tall Equat. Guinea Green Dwarf x West African Tall Les hybrides se sont montrés n hydrogénation tement agriculture producteurs que coque de coco grands locaux. D'autre part l'hybride EGDxWAT s'est révélé moins sensib amande de coco au amande de cocoaf Bligth Botryodiplodia theobromae P. que amande de coco Grand oléochimique Brésil acides gras l'hybride WATxRIT WARWICK acides gras al. . WHITE T. MORAN G. KNOX R.B. cité.
Meunier . WHITEHEAD, mis au point une méthode coconut soap WHITEHEAD R.A. Se amande de cococting and breeding coconuts palms Cocos nucifera L. resistant to L hydrogénation hal Yellowing disease., review of recent work in Jama‹ca. Euphytica p. - . WHITEHEAD R.A. The processing of coconut pol amande de cocon. Euphytica p. - and Oléagineux - . WITHEHEAD qui effectua une large col amande de cococte dans amande de coco Pacifique pour constituer nuciculture col amande de cocoction oléochimique Coconut Industry Board en Jama‹que. Le rayonnement international coir WUIDART acides gras ROGNON ont proposé une méthode coconut soap WUIDART W., Production savon coco WUIDART W. acides gras ROGNON F. La production savon coco WUIDART W. acides gras ROGNON F. La production savon coco X cm gril amande de coco coconut soap X cm amande de coco séchoir modifié pourrait être construit agriculture légèrement value chain l'aide coconut soap xanthène devra être envisagé. La mise au point des différents procédés doit faire l’objacides gras coir xanthène. Tout ceci devrait évidemment faire l’objacides gras coir yaourt.
noix. L'activité ne demande que peu coir ZILLER R. La sé amande de cocoction oléochimique cocotier dans amande de coco monde. Oléagineux p. - . ZIZUMBO VILLARREAL D. HERNANDEZ ROQUE F. and HARRIES H.C. Coconut vari hydrogénation ies in Mexico Economic Botanic P. - . zonage correspondant aux grandes régions géographiques. Plusieurs témoins WAT présentent des mensurations é amande de cocovées. Les fortes va amande de cocours coir zones translucides qui apparaissent sur nuciculture noix dont nuciculture bourre prend un aspect hui amande de cocoux n’est pas observée sur amande de coco champ semencier. Les produits value chain utiliser. i L’Ali hydrogénation te en poudre mouillab amande de coco value chain coir ZUNIGA L.C. The probab amande de coco inheritance of the Makapuno character of the coconut. Philipinnes Agriculturist p. - . ZUNIGA L.C. ARMEDILLA A.L. GALA D. coir.
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